Adams J.T. Empire on the Seven Seas. The British Empire 1784-1939
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EMPIRE
ON
THE
SEVEN
SEAS
Scots
Queen.
In
June,
1939,
they
made
a tour of
Canada
and
visited
the
United
States
for
a few
days,
the
first
reigning
British
sovereigns
ever to
visit
America.
Everywhere
they
received
a
tumultuous
and
heartfelt
welcome,
and
it
was
a
dramatic
moment
in
history
when
George
VI of
England
placed
a wreath
on
the
tomb
of
George Washington,
the
successful
rebel
against
his an-
cestor
George
III.
It was more than
a
gesture,
for
never before
have
the
English-
speaking
races
been
so
close.
Today
we
stand
on
the threshold of
an unknown
world.
We
face
not
merely
war
but
possibly
a
new
period
of
barbarism
and
suppression
of
liberty
of
person
and of
thought.
We
know what
has
happened
to
both
where
the
powers
of Russia
and
Germany
have
trampled
free
peoples
under
foot.
We
know
what
Japan
thinks of
rights
and treaties where her own
interests are
concerned.
Seas
and
distance
no
longer
guarantee
isolation
and
safety.
In
the
world
of
the
present
to
whom
can we
better
turn than to the
British
Empire,
the
democracy
of
France,
and the
sorely
threatened neutrals
who
still
believe
in
democracy
and
freedom?
We
have now
reached
the end
of
our
long
story.
In
this
and
a
preceding
volume
1
we have
covered
some
two
thousand
years
of
recorded
history
from
the
days
when Caesar
first
encountered
the
savage
Britons
and
landed to
conquer
their
island. We
have
seen
the
Roman civilization
fade
away
as
the
shrinking empire
recalled
its
legions
from
the
outlying
sections.
Later,
through
the
vicissi-
tudes,
the
invasions,
wars,
the
changing
social
and
political
condi-
tions
and
even
the
change
in
geographical
factors due
to
shifting
trade
routes
and
a
new
industrial
world
order,
we
have
seen
the
slow
development
of
British character
and
institutions
building up
an
empire
greater
even
than the
Roman.
We have
seen
how
the
British became the
unique
and
1
often
incomprehensible
people
whose nature
we tried
to
analyze
at the
beginning.
Today
they
are
facing
perhaps
the
greatest
crisis
in
their
history,
but
we
have
seen how in
the
past they
have
encountered one
crisis
^-Building
the
British
Empire,
1938,
356
GEORGE
VI
AND
THE
NEW
WORLD
WAR
after
another
which,
like
hammer
blows
on
the
anvil of
fate,
have
shaped
them
to
what
they
are.
If
they
have
gained
a
reputation
for
stupidity
and
muddling
through,
nevertheless
they
always
have
won
through
and
have
gained
the rule
of
a
quarter
of
the
earth
and
five
hundred
million
people.
Their
little
nation
faced
extinction
at
the
hands
of
the
mighty
power
of
Spain
but
the
great
armada
was
defeated
and
scattered.
They
faced a
world
against
them
in
the war
of
the
American
Revolution.
They
lost
the
colonies
which
formed our
United
States
but from
apparent
ruin
of
their
empire
they
built
one
mightier
than
before.
The
genius
of
Napoleon
seemed invincible.
The
whole of
Europe
lay
at
his feet.
England,
deserted
by
every
ally,
fought
on. The
struggle
lasted
for
twenty
years
and
at
the end the
fallen
dictator was
carried
to
his
island
exile on
a
British
battleship,
and
liberty
was
saved.
A
century
later,
in
the
greatest
war the
world
had
yet
known,
a
war of
civilians
and not
merely
of
professional
soldiers,
not
only
did
Britain
hold
firm
to the
end but the
loyalty
of
every part
of the
Empire
showed
how
far
stronger
are
the
bonds of
freedom than those
of
force.
There
is
today
a
great
British
"folk"
scattered
over the
globe.
It
is
not
a
folk
in
the
Hitlerian
sense
of a
people
acknowledging
allegiance
to a
tyrant
but
a
folk
bound
together by
identical
ideals
of
freedom for
every
individual.
We
see
again
at
play
the
qualities
we
have noted in
the
past,
unpreparedness,
muddling,
lack
of fore-
sight
and
imagination,
and
stupidity
if
you
will,
but,
when the
die
is
cast,
a
dogged
determination,
with
no
boasting,
not
to let
go
until
victory
is
final
and freedom
has been
saved.
Dickens
is
the most
typically
English
of
English
novelists,
and
one of
his
most
widely
quoted
sayings
is: "it
is
dogged
as
does
it."
If
the
muddling
of the
past
decade
is
British,
even
more
so,
and
more
indicative
of
what
the
future
may
hold,
is
the
calm
but
grimly
quiet
way
in
which
the men
and
women
of
the
whole
Empire
have
accepted
what
they
know
may
be the
most
terrible
experience
in
the
history
of
the
race.
What,
this
time,
the result
may
be
no
man
can
prophesy,
but the
story
we have
followed
would
seem
to
indicate
that
if
the war
is
to
be a
test of endurance
of nerves
and
character
the
British
will
not
fail. If
they
win,
the
Britain
that
emerges
will
be
a
very
different
357
EMPIRE ON
THE
SEVEN
SEAS
one
from
that
of
today.
The
evacuation,
for
example,
of
great
masses of children
from the
slum
areas
of the
larger
cities
into
country
homes,
with
good
food,
clothes,
fresh
air
and
decent condi-
tions
of
living,
alone
presages
a
great
change
of social outlook
and
aspiration.
The
British know
this
and
are
prepared
for
it.
Out
of
the
inferno,
which
may
have to
be
passed
through,
a finer
life
may
eventually emerge
for
all,
unless
at
long
last
the
Empire
falls.
In
this world
crisis,
we
in America have
a
great
stake.
We
know
that
stability
is
impossible
without
respect
for law
and
order,
for
the
honesty
of
the
written
and
spoken
word.
Without
liberty
of
thought, speech
and
press,
progress
is
impossible.
What
these
things
mean
to
the world
of
today
and tomorrow
has
been
amply
demonstrated
by
the
negation
of
them
in
certain
great
nations
during
the
past
few
years.
Different
peoples
may
have
different
ideals
of
government
but
for
those
who have been
accustomed
to
freedom
of
person
and
of
spirit,
the
possible
overthrow of
the
British
Empire
would be
a
catastrophe
scarcely
thinkable. Not
only
would
it
leave a vacuum over a
quarter
of
the
globe
into
which
all
the wild
winds
of
anarchy,
despotism
and
spiritual
op-
pression
could
rush,
but
the
strongest
bulwark
outside
ourselves
for our
own
safety
and
freedom
would have
been
destroyed.
358
CHRONOLOGY,
1783-1939
1783
Treaty
of
Versailles
Fox's
India
Bill
1784
Pitt's
India
Bill
New
Brunswick
organized
as
a
colony
1785
The
power
loom
Pitt's
proposals
of
Parlia-
mentary
reform
1788
Foundation of New
South
Wales
Trial
of
Warren
Hastings
Convict
settlement
at Bot-
any
Bay
1789
Fall of
the
Bastille
and
French
Revolution
1791
Canada
Act
Corn
Law
Wolfe
Tone
founded
the
United
Irishmen
1792
Founding
of
Society
of
Friends
of
the
People
Grey
introduces
Parliamen-
tary
Reform
Bill
French
Republic
and
Euro-
pean
war
Defeat
of
Tipu
in
India
1793
France
declares
war
on
Britain
Settlement
of
Bengal
Irish
Catholics
receive
the
franchise
1794
Jay
Treaty
with
the
United
States
3C
79S
Conquest
of
Cape
of
Good
Hope
and
of
Ceylon
Speenhamland
Act
1796
British
peace
proposals
to
France
British
fleet
abandons Medi-
terranean
War
with
Spain
Napoleon's
trade decrees
1797
Battle of
Cape
St.
Vincent
Conquest
of
Trinidad
Grey's
Motion for Reform
1798
Irish
Rebellion
1799
Second
Coalition
for
war
Combination
Act
Siege
of
Seringapatam
and
conquest
of
Mysore
1800
Union
with
Ireland
1801 Carnatic
annexed
in India
Battles
of Aboukir
and
Copenhagen
1802
Treaty
of
Amiens
First
Factory
Act
1803
War
again
with
France
War
with
Marathas
1805
Battle
of
Trafalgar
O'Connell
in
Ireland
359
CHRONOLOGY
1806
Death
of Pitt
Berlin
Decree
1807
Abolition
of slave
trade
Annexation
of
Heligoland
American
trade
embargo
Milan
Decree
Orders
in
Council
1811
Occupation
of
Java
Luddite
riots
1828
Repeal
of Test
and
Corpo-
ration
Acts
1829
Peel
reorganizes
the
police
force
Catholic
Emancipation
Act
Foundation
of
Western
Aus-
tralia
1830
Accession
of William
IV
1831
Introduction of
Reform Bill
Reform
Bill
passed
1812 Orders
in
Council
with-
drawn
War
with the
United
States
l8
33
Abolition of
slavery
1813 Monopoly
of
East
India
*
8
34
Reform
of
Poor Law
Company
ended
in
In-
l8s6
Colonization
of
South Aus-
dia
1814
British burn
Washington
Napoleon
abdicates
1815
Napoleon escapes
from
Elba
The
Hundred
Days
Waterloo
Congress
of Vienna
Peace
with
the United
States
and
in
Europe
1817
March of
the
Blanketeers
Last Maratha
War
1819
Peterloo
The
Six
Acts
Birth of
Victoria
1820
Accession of
George
IV
Trial of
Queen
Caroline
Cato Street
Conspiracy
1823
Monroe
Doctrine
1824
Burmese
War
1826
Penal Code
reformed
1827
Battle
of Navarino
360
tralia
First
trek of
the
Boers
1837
Accession of
Queen
Vic-
toria
Canadian rebellions
1838
People's
Charter
Anti-Corn-Law
League
founded
1839
Lord
Durham's
Report
on
Canada
Chartist
risings
1840
Canada
Act
New Zealand
annexed
Penny
postage
introduced
1842
Ashburton
Treaty
Representative
government
instituted
in New
South
Wales
(and
1850)
1843
Annexation
of
Natal
1846
Repeal
of
the
Corn Laws
Oregon Treaty
CHRONOLOGY
1848 Orange
River
Colony
an-
1874
Northwest
Mounted Police
established
Annexation
of
Fiji
Islands
nexed
1851
The
Great
Exhibition
1852
Sand River
Convention
l8
7
6
Q
ueen
Victoria
made
Em
"
New
Zealand
Constitution
press
of
India
International
intervention
in
Egypt
1854
Cape Colony
Constitution
Crimean War
l8
77
Transvaal
annexed
Abandonment
of
Orange
lg
Zu
i
u
War
River
sovereignty
1880
Parnell
becomes leader
of
Irish
party
Transvaal
revolts
1855
Australian
Constitution
Acts
1856
Annexation
of Oudh
1857
Second
Chinese
War
Mutiny
in India
1858
Settlement
of British
Co-
lumbia
1860-1869
Maori
wars
in New
Zealand
1866
End
of
responsible govern-
ment
in
Jamaica
Transatlantic
cable
laid
1867
British
North
American
Act
End
of
penal
transportation
to
Australia
Second
Reform
Bill
1881
Irish
Land
Act
Pretoria
Convention
1883
Defeat
in
the Sudan
1884
London
Convention
Gold
discovered
in
Trans-
vaal
1885
Death of Gordon
Riel rebellion
in
Canada
British Protectorate
estab-
lished
in Bechuanaland
First
Indian
National Con-
gress
1886
Organization
of
BritishEast
Africa
Company
1869
Disestablishment
of Irish
GovemmS
buys
out Hud-
l88
7 JubUee
of
Queen
Victoria
son's
Bay
Company
London
Colonial
Confer-
ence
1871
British
Columbia
enters
Ca-
nadian
Confederation
1888
Annexation
of Zululand
1872
Responsible
government
es-
1889
Organization
of
British
tablished
in
Cape
Colony
Alabama
arbitration
South
Africa
Company
London
dock
strike
CHRONOLOGY
1890 Tragedy
of Parnell
1909
The
Lloyd
George
Budget
Responsible government
in
Struggle
with House
of
Lords
Western
Australia
1893
Second
Home Rule Bill
for
1910
Accession
of
George
V
Ireland
introduced House of
Lords
yields
Responsible government
in
,
T i /-
r
r
N
-
&
1911
Second
Imperial
Conference
Afghan
frontier
fixed
1914
World
War
begins
1894
Ottawa
Colonial Conference
1918
Armistice,
and
peace 1919
1895 Boundary
dispute
in
Vene-
I92O League
of Nations
organizes
Irish Civil
War
1921
Balfour
Note
on
War
Debts
1922
Egypt
becomes
independent
zuela with
"United States
1896
Jameson
Raid
1897
Diamond
Jubilee
of
Queen
Victoria
Second
London Colonial
1923
Debt settlement
with United
States
Lausanne
Treaty
1924
First
Labor
government
Conference
1899
South African
War
begins
1900
British
Labor
Party
founded
Annexation
of
Orange
Free
State and Transvaal
Australian Commonwealth
Act
1901
Accession
of
Edward
VII
1902
End
of
South African
War
Third London
Colonial
Con-
ference
1903
Durbar
at
Delhi
1904
Beginning
of Franco-Brit-
ish
Entente
1907
Anglo-Russian
Entente
Fourth
London
Colonial
Conference
1908
Old
Age
Pensions
in
Eng-
land
1909
Union of
South
Africa
Morley-Minto
reforms
in
India
362
Locarno
Pact
1926
General
strike
Fourth
Imperial
Conference
1931
Britain
goes
off
gold
stand-
ard
1932
Disarmament Conference
World Economic Confer-
ence
Ottawa Conference
1933
Newfoundland
ceases
to
have
Dominion
status
1935
India
Act
1936
Accession
of
Edward
VIII
Abdication
Accession
of
George
VI
1938
Munich
Conference
1939
War
against
Germany
INDEX
Abdul
Hamid,
Turkish
Sultan,
Egypt
under
authority
of,
312;
enlists
Ger-
man
support,
313;
deposed,
320
Abdurrahman,
recognized
as
Amir,
231
Aberdeen,
Prime
Minister,
resigns,
163
Abyssinia,
not
in
possession
of
European
power,
259;
independence
of,
262;
at-
tacked
by
Italy,
354
Act of
1779,
in
regard
to
the
church,
17
Act
of
1791,
and
Canada,
97
Act
of
1813,
and
trade,
72
Act
of
1833,
in
Scotland,
109
Act
of
1867,
broadening
of
franchise
by,
221
Act
of
1870,
and
the
land
problem,
238,
239
Act
of
Union,
to
govern
England
and
Ireland
through
one
Parliament,
37
Acts,
of
Australian
legislature,
168
Adams,
Charles
Francis,
American Min-
ister,
1
80;
negotiations
of
with
Rus-
sell,
181
Adams,
John,
American
Minister to
England,
38
Adams,
John
Quincy,
American Secre-
tary
of
State,
86
Adams,
Samuel,
American
agitator,
130
Adelaide,
Australian
city,
282
Addington,
Henry,
Prime
Minister,
33,
Adow
iowa,
Italians
defeated
at,
262
advertising,
journalism
and, 306
Afghan
War,
England
involved
in an-
other,
225
Afghanistan,
ruler
overthrown
in,
143;
safe
to the
British,
171
^British
with-
drawal
from,
231;
Russian
moves
in,
Afghans,
Northwest
India
invaded
by,
3.50
Africa
(see
also
South
Africa),
race
prob-
lem
in, 138;
partition
of,
205-210,
259;
claims
to,
2071
Salisbury
and
partition
of,
245;
value
of,
260;
Europeans
bring
advantages
to,
263;
Portugal's
claims
in,
293
African
Cape
(see Cape
Colony)
Afrikander
Bund,
in
the
Cape
Colony,
288
agents
provocateurs,
employed,
78
agnosticism,
of
Fitzgerald,
160
agrarian
agitators,
T
The
Plan
of
Cam-
paign"
of, 244
agrarian
problem,
Sir
Horace
Plunkett
aiid,
247;
the
Wyndham
Act
and,
324
agricultural
laborer,
excluded
from
rep-
resentation,
189
agricultural
population,
affected
by
the
machine,
8
agriculture,
prosperous
time
in,
186;
on
road
to
ruin,
213;
fall
of,
entails revo-
lution in
English
life,
214;
distress in
regard
to,
238;
Chamberlain's desire
for
readjustment
in,
247
Alabama,
the,
launched,
180;
inflicts
damage
on
North,
181
;
arbitration,
220
Albania,
Italian
conquest
of,
144;
an-
nexed
by
Italy,
354
Albert,
of
Belgium,
6p
Albert,
Prince,
marriage of,
121;
Trent
affair
and,
180;
position
of,
183
Albert
Memorial, the,
158
Alexander,
Czar of
Russia,
meets
Na-
poleon,
58;
idealism
of,
66
Alexandria,
British and
French fleets ar-
rive
at,
234
Alfred,
Prince,
of
England,
declines
to
take throne of
Greece,
190
Algeciras,
conference
held
at,
320
Alien
and Sedition
Acts,
of
America,
27
alizarin,
new
material,
185
Alma,
battle
of,
164
Alsace-Lorraine,
returned
to
France, 66;
Germany's
spoils,
204
Amalgamated Society
of
Carpenters
and
Joiners,
quoted,
1 86
Amalgamated
Society
of
Engineers,
249
Amalgamated
Society
of
Railway
Serv-
ants,
the,
322
America
(see
also
United
States),
dual
form
of
government
in,
178;
England's
dependence
upon, 214;
funds
sent
to
Irish
Land
League
from,
238;
labor
problem
in,
300;
aid
of
to
agriculture
in
India,
302; journalism
in,
306;
and
the
public
library, 307;
effect
of
Anglo-
Japanese
Alliance
on,
318;
depression
in,
341
;
Bank
of
England
borrows
from,
343,
344;
Irish
in
politics
in,
345
,
American
Civil
War,
Britain
and
the,
American
colonies,
England
and
the,
37
American
Constitution,
success
of,
24
American
debts,
question
of,
40
American
I.
W.
W.,
preamble
to,
quoted,
322-323
363
INDEX
American
party
system,
of
today,
109
American
relations,
Anglo-,
37-41
American
Revolution,
spirit
of
Empire
changed
since,
255;
British treatment
of
Americans
after,
310
American
seamen,
impressed,
69
American War
of
1812,
and
the
Empire,
68-73
American
West,
"War
Hawks"
of
the,
69
American
wheat,
flood
of
cheap,
213;
re-
sult
of
influx
of,
238
Americans,
excluded
from West Indian
trade,
39, 40;
sympathy
of
with
France,
68;
status
of
in
England,
177;
treat-
ment of lower races
of,
263;
in
the
Argonne,
336
Amiens,
Treaty
of,
51
Amritsar,
Miss Sherwood
murdered
at,
35?
Anglican
Church
(see
Church
of
Eng-
land)
Anti-Corn
Law
League, 150
Anti-Parnellites,
formed,
246
Antipodes,
France and
Germany
feared
in,
281
Antiquity
of
Man, The,
by
Lyell,
161
applied
science,
results
of,
147;
at the
Great
Exhibition,
154
Arabi
Pasha,
leads
nationalist
move-
ment,
233
;
dominant
power
in
Egypt,
234;
banished
to
Ceylon,
235
arbitration,
between
England
and
United
States,
220;
treaty
of
between
United
States and
Britain,
1911,
321
architecture,
stagnation
^
in,
125;
is
negligible,
158; change
in,
227
Argentine, England's
dependence
upon,
214
Argonne,
Americans
in
the,
336
aristocracy,
old
country,
^10
Arkwright,
water-frame
invented
by, 7
armaments,
nations do
not
want limi-
tation
of,
293
Armenia,
problems^
in,
292
Armstrong's
guns,
invention
of,
154;
and
China,
165
army
commissions,
219;
reform,
219;
Cardwell
reforms
in,
234;
flogging
abolished
in,
240;
reviews
of,
257
Army
Medical
Service,
reorganization
of
the,
164
Arnold,
Matthew,
culture of
material-
ism attacked
by,
155;
turns
from
poetry
to
prose,
160
Arnold,
Dr.
Thomas,
moral
earnestness
of,
126
art,
characteristics
of,
88^-93,
158-162;
collecting
of
from
foreign
countries,
88
;
little time
for
in
Australia,
168
;
re-
action
in,
227,
228;
interest
in,
reviv-
ing, 307
Arthur,
King, 159
Artisans'
Dwelling
Act,
220
Ashaatis,
war
with
the,
221,
222
364
Ashburton
Treaty
of
1842, 134
Asiatics,
excluded
from
New
Zealand,
278
Asquith,
Prime
Minister,
character
of,
324;
and
the
budget,
326;
announces
Parliament
dissolved,
327;
and
the
Home
Rule
Bill,
328
;
replaced
as
Prime
Minister
by
Lloyd
George,
335
Asquith,
Margot,
324
Assam,
British
rule
in,
171
atmospheric
nitrogen,
fixation
of,
185
Attwood,
Thomas,
Political
Union
or-
ganized
by,
99
Auckland, Lord,
Governor-General
of
India,
143
Austen,
Jane,
stories
of,
91
Austerlitz,
Napoleon's
victory
at,
58
Australia,
development
of,
4.6-50;
crim-
inals
sent
to,
47;
extraordinary
group
of
settlers
in,
48;
a
British
possession,
67;
American Revolution's
influence
upon,
71;
sun
of, rises,
72;
value
of,
beginning
to
be
realized,
96;
amazing
development
of, 134-136;
self-gov-
ernment
in,
135;
constitution
of,
136;
fine
service
by
Sir
George
Grey,
137;
changes
in,
167-168; gold
discovered
in,
167, 185,
281;
labor
legislation
in,
168;
federal
form
of
government
in,
'
10,1;
protective
tariff
in,
195;
explora-
tion
of
the
interior
of,
205;
England's
dependence
upon,
214;
and
the
Fijian
Islands,
222
;
funds
sent
to Irish
Land
League
from,
238;
dock
workers
of
Brisbane,
251;
ships
provided
by, 257;
labor
movement
in,
279-283;
and
New
Guinea,
279,
280,
281;
characteristics
of,
281, 282;
and
imperial
unity, 284;
troops
from,
for the Boer
War,
295;
Commonwealth
of,
comes
into
being,
298;
military
and naval
contributions
of,
312;
comes
to
help
of
Britain,
333,
346; gets
German
New
Guinea,
338
Australian
constitution,
described,
298,
299
Australian
States,
union
of,
298-301
Australian Workers
Union,
character
of,
282
Australians,
brought
to
Transvaal
by
gold
rush,
287;
at
the
Dardanelles,
334
Austria,
France
declares war
on,
25;
at
war with
France,
28;
receives
part
of
Poland,
a
29;
makes
peace, 30;
joins
Britain in
coalition
against
France,
32;
retires
from
coalition with
Britain,
33;
drawn into war
against
Napoleon,
57;
soldiers
of,
enter
Paris,
65;
repre-
sented
at
Vienna, 66;
receives
compen-
sation,
67;
Canning's
denunciation
of,
84; kept
out of
South
America,
87;
in
quadruple
alliance, 122;
civil
war
be-
tween
Hungary
and,
152;
Cavour
and,
163;
antagonized
by
France,
164;
forced
to
declare
war
on
Sardinia,
175;
INDEX
Bismarck
and,
176;
Schleswig-Holstein
controversy
with,
183;
breaks
1852
agreement,
203;
and
Turkey,
313;
dominant in
Balkan
region,
317;
an-
nexes
Bosnia
and
Herzegovina,
320;
in
Balkan
War,'
321;
responsible
for
World
War,
331;
asks
for
an
armi-
stice,
336;
seized
by
Germany,
354
Austria-Hungary,
receives
Bosnia
and
Herzegovina,
224;
does not
participate
in
African
settlement, 261;
in
the
Triple
Alliance,
265,
292;
policy
of
,
319;
at
war,
332;
partition
of,
338
Baden-Powell,
saves
Mafeking,
295
Baker,
explorer, 205
Balaclava,
battle
of,
164
Baldwin,
Stanley,
debt settlement
and,
340;
Prime
Minister,
341,
342
Balfour,
A.
J.,
Prime
Minister,
324
Balfour
Note,
of
1921,
340
Balkans, the,
troubles
in,
265,
317;
war
in, 321
;
Russia
and,
331-332
;
come
into
the World
War,
334
Ballot
Act,
passed,
1872,
219
Baltic
States,
354
Bank
of
England,
suspends
gold
pay-
ments,
29;
resumes
gold
payments,
81;
run
on,
106,
343
banking
houses,
private,
change,
212-213
Bantus,
the,
of
Natal,
300
Baring,
Major Evelyn
(see
Cromer,
Lord)
Barrackpur,
mutiny
by
Sepoy troops
at,
94
Barrett,
Elizabeth,
and
Browning,
159
Barring-ton,
George, pickpocket,
47
base
hospital,
building
of
first
modern,
164
Bastille,
capture
of,
23
Basuto
tribes,
the
wild,
199
bath
tubs,
156
Bathurst,
Lord,
holds
sway
in
Colonial
Office,
97
Beaconsfield,
Earl
of
(see
Disraeli)
Belgium,
Napoleon
in
possession
of,
52;
united
to
Holland,
67;
revolution
up-
heavals
in,
99;
recognized
in
1831,
115;
France
suggests
annexing,
203;
Congo
Free
State
founded
by,
207;
possessions
acquired
by,
209;
trade
of,
210;
and
the
Congo,
260,
262
}
German
ultimatum
to,
332;
Britain
guarantor
of,
333
Belgrave,
section
in
London,
156
Belkrophon,
British
ship,
66
Benfield,
the
notorious,
46
Bengal,
land
question
m, 42;
bay
of,
controlled
by
British,
144;
British
rule
in,
171;
partition
of, 301
Bengalee,
The,
Indian
newspaper,
270
Bengali, outrage
to
feelings
of,
302
Bentham,
Jeremy,
Fragment
on
Govern-
ment,
by, 16,
23;
penal
system
attacked
by,
72;
reform
in
regard
to
penal
codes
by,
83;
influence
of,
84;
philosophy
of,
90
Bentham,
Sir
Samuel,
tool
maker, 7
Benthamites,
group called,
90;
influence
of,
in
Bentinck,
abolishes
suttee,
95;
as
Govern-
or-General
of
India,
143
Berlin
Conference,
260;
ignores
native
question,
208
Berlin
Decree, issued,
62
Berlin-Bagdad
Railway,
plan
of,
292
Besant,
Mrs.,
birth-control
movement
started
by,
211;
and
the
conditions
of
the
poor,
250
Bessemer,
invention
of
process
for
mak-
ing
steel
of,
1
86
"best
sellers,"
coming
of,
307
Bible,
the,
most
widely
read
book,
158
"Big
Four,"
the,
remaking
of
Europe
by,
66
Birmingham,
Political Union
organized
in,
99;
no
representation
of,
103;
Re-
form Bill
and
the
Political
Union
of,
1
06;
National
Liberal
Federation
or-
ganized
in,
225
birth-control
movement,
started,
211
Bismarck,
rising
of
Germany
under,
164;
"blood
and
iron" rule
of,
176,
183,
184;
France's
suggestion
to,
203;
new
form
of
tyranny
of,
204;
wins
move^of
his
game, 237;
and Marxian
Socialism,
249;
conference
presided
over
by,
260;
not
interested
in African
colonies,
261;
diplomacy
of,
265,
266;
and New
Guinea, 281;
not
for
sea
power, 319-
320
Blachford,' Lord,
Under
Secretary
of
Colonial
Office,
189
Black Book
of
1820,
103
Blake, Edward,
head
of
Liberal
Party,
275
Blake, William,
poet,
91
"Blanketeers,"
march
of,
78
blockade,
Britain's,
62, 68,
334, 335
Bloemfontein
Convention,
the,
140
"blood and
iron,"
Bismarck's
policy
of,
176, 184,
204
Bliicher,
at
Waterloo,
65
"Bobbies,"
London,
80;
creation
of,
88
Boer
War, the, 286-291; feeling
about,
291;
end
of,
295-297,
310-312
Boers
(see
also
Dutch,
South
African),
138,
197,
198,
199;
England's
treat-
ment
of,
38;
character
of,
139;
primi-
tive-minded,
140;
government
of,
200;
raids
of Transvaal
by,
201;
settle-
ments
of,
in
Africa,
207;
revolt
of
the
Transvaal,
230;
under
Kruger,
287,
288;
Jameson
and,
289;
lay siege
to
Mafeking,
Kimberley
and
Ladysmith,
295;
become
British
subjects,
296;
racial
problem
of,
300
Bombay,
and
the
opium
trade, 95;
365