AckermannTh. (ed) Wind Power in Power Systems
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 19 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
27.2.3 Aerodynamic rotor model 613
27.2.4 Summary of partial validation 618
27.3 Full-scale Validation 619
27.3.1 Experiment outline 619
27.3.2 Measured behaviour 621
27.3.3 Modelling case 622
27.3.4 Model validation 623
27.3.5 Discrepancies between model and measurements 625
27.4 Conclusions 625
References 626
28 Impacts of Wind Power on Power System Dynamics 629
J. G. Slootweg and W. L. Kling
28.1 Introduction 629
28.2 Power System Dynamics 630
28.3 Actual Wind Turbine Types 631
28.4 Impact of Wind Power on Transient Stability 632
28.4.1 Dynamic behaviour of wind turbine types 632
28.4.2 Dynamic behaviour of wind farms 636
28.4.3 Simulation results 638
28.5 Impact of Wind Power on Small Signal Stability 645
28.5.1 Eigenvalue–frequency domain analysis 645
28.5.2 Analysis of the impact of wind power on small signal stability 646
28.5.3 Simulation results 647
28.5.4 Preliminary conclusions 648
28.6 Conclusions 650
References 651
29 Aggregated Modelling and Short-term Voltage Stability of Large Wind Farms 653
Vladislav Akhmatov
29.1 Introduction 653
29.1.1 Main outline 654
29.1.2 Area of application 655
29.1.3 Additional requirements 655
29.2 Large Wind Farm Model 656
29.2.1 Reactive power conditions 657
29.2.2 Faulting conditions 658
29.3 Fixed-speed Wind Turbines 658
29.3.1 Wind turbine parameters 661
29.3.2 Stabilisation through power ramp 661
29.4 Wind Turbines with Variable Rotor Resistance 663
29.5 Variable-speed Wind Turbines with Doubly-fed Induction Generators 665
29.5.1 Blocking and restart of converter 667
29.5.2 Response of a large wind farm 668
29.6 Variable-speed Wind Turbines with Permanent Magnet Generators 670
29.7 A Single Machine Equivalent 672
29.8 Conclusions 673
References 673
Index 677
Contents xix
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 20 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
Contributors
Thomas Ackermann has a Diplom Wirtschaftsingenieur (MSc in Mechanical Engineering
combined with an MBA) from the Technical University Berlin, Germany, an MSc in
Physics from Dunedin University, New Zealand, and a PhD from the Royal Institute of
Technology in Stockho lm, Sweden. In addition to wind power, his main interests are
related to the concept of distributed power generation and the impact of market
regulations on the development of distributed ge neration in deregulated markets. He
has worked in the wind energy industry in Germany, Sweden, China, USA, New
Zealand, Austral ia and India. Currently, he is a researcher with the Royal Institute of
Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden, and involved in wind power education at
KTH and the University of Zagreb, Croatia, via the EU TEMPUS program. He is also a
partner in Energynautics.com, a consulting company in the area of sustainable energy
supply. Email: Thomas.Ackermann@ieee.com.
Vladislav Akhmatov has an MSc (1999) and a PhD (2003) from the Technical University
of Denmark. From 1998 to 2003 he was with the Danish electric power company NESA.
During his work with NESA he developed dynamic wind turbine models and carried out
power system stability investigations, using mainly the simulation tool PSS/E
TM
.He
combined his PhD with work on several consulting projects involving Danish wind
turbine manufacturers on grid connection of wind farms in Denmark and abroad.
Specifically, he participated in a project regarding power system stability investigations
in connection with the grid connection of the Danish offshore wind farm at Rødsand/
Nysted (165 MW). He demonstrated that blade angle control can stabilise the operation
of the wind farm during grid disturbances. This solution is now applied in the Rødsand/
Nysted offshore wind farm. In 2003 he joined the Danish transmission system operator
in Western Denmark, Eltra. His primary work is dynamic modelling of wind turbines in
the simulation tool Digsilent Power-Factory, investigations of power system stability
and projects related to the Danish offshore wind farm at Horns Rev (160 MW). In 2002
he received the Angelo Award, which is a Danish award for exceptional contributions to
Wind Power in Power Systems Edited by T. Ackermann
Ó 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBN: 0-470-85508-8 (HB)
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 21 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
the electric power industry, for ‘building bridges between the wind and the electric power
industries’. He has authored and co-authored a number of international publications on
dynamic wind turbine modelling and power system stability. Email: vla@eltra.dk.
E. Ian Baring-Gould graduated with a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from
the University of Massachusetts Renewable Energy Research Laboratory in the spring
of 1995, at which point he started working at the National Renewable Energy Labora-
tory (NREL) of the USA. Ian’s work at NREL has focused on two primary areas:
applications engineering for renewable energy technologies and international assistance
in renewable energy uses. His applications work concentra tes on innovative uses of
renewable energies, primarily the modelling, testing and monitoring of small power
systems, end-use applications and large diesel plant retrofit concepts. International
technical assistance has focused on energy development for rural populations, including
the design, analysis and implementation of remote power systems. Ian continues to
manage and provide general technical expertise to international programs, focusing on
Latin America, Asia and Antarctica. Ian also sits on IEA and IEC techn ical boards, is
an editor for Wind Engineering and has authored or co-authored over 50 publications.
His graduate research centred on the Hybrid2 software hybrid, power system design,
code validation and the installation of the University’s 250 kW ESI-80 wind turbine.
Email: ian_baring_gould@nrel.gov.
Sigrid M. Bolik graduated in 2001 with a master’s degree in electrical engineering
(Diplom) from the Technical Unive rsity Ilmenau in Germany. Currently, she works
for Vestas Wind Systems A/S in Denmark and also on her PhD in cooperation with
Aalborg University and Risø. Her research focuses on modelling induction machines for
wind turbine applications and developing wind turbine models for research in specific
abnormal operating conditions. Email: s.bolik@web.de.
Thomas Bopp is currently a research associate at the Electrical Energy and Power System
Research Group at UMIST, UK. His main research interests are power system protection
as well as power system economics and regulation. Email: T.Bopp@umist.ac.uk.
S. W. H. (Sjoerd) de Haan received his MSc degree in applied physics from the Delft
University of Technology, the Netherlands, in 1975. In 1995 he joined the Delft Uni-
versity of Technology as associate pr ofessor in power electronics. His research interest is
currently mainly directed towards power quality conditioning (i.e. the development of
power electronic systems for the conditioning of the power quality in the public elec-
tricity network). Email: s.w.h.dehaan@ewi.tudelft.nl.
Predrag Djapic
´
is currently a research associate at the Electrical Energy and Power
System Research Group at UMIST, UK. His main research interests are power system
planning and operation of distribution networks. Email: P.Djapic@umist.ac.uk.
Peter Borre Eriksen received an MSc degree in engineering from the Technical Uni-
versity of Denmark (DTU) in 1975. From 1980 until 1990 his work focused on the
Contributors xxi
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 22 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
environmental consequences of power production. Between 1990 and 1998 he was
employed in the System Planning Department of the former Danish utility ELSAM.
In 1998, he joined Eltra, the independent transmission system operator of western
Denmark. In 2000, he became head of Eltra’s Development Department. Peter Borre
Eriksen is the author of numerous technical papers on system modelling. Email:
pbe@eltra.dk.
Bernhard Ernst is an electrical engineer and has a mast er’s de gree (Diplom) in measure-
ment and control from the University of Kassel, Germany. In 1994, still a student, he
joined ISET. In 2003, he completed at ISET a PhD on the prediction of wind power.
Bernhard Ernst has contributed to numerous publications on the subject of the integra-
tion of wind energy into energy supply. Email: be rnie.ernst@web.de.
Anca D. Hansen received her PhD in modelling and control engineering from the
Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in 1997. In 1998 she joined the Wind Energy
Department of Risø National Laboratory. Her work and research inter ests focus on
dynamic modelling and the control of wind turbines as well as on the interaction of wind
farms with the grid. As working tools she uses the dynamic modelling and simulation
tools Matlab and Digsilent Power Factory. Her major contribution is the electromecha-
nical modelling of active stall wind turbines and recently of a pitch-controlled variable-
speed wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator. She has also modelled PV
modules and batteries. Email: anca.daniela.han sen@risoe.dk.
Carl Hilger received a BSc in electrical engineering from the Engineering Academy of
Denmark and a general philosophy diploma as well as a bachelor of commerce degree.
In 1966 he joined Brown Boveri, Switzerland, as an electrical engineer and later the
Research Institute for Danish Electric Utilities (DEFU). In 1978 he became sectional
engineer in the Planning Department of Elsam (the Jutland-Funen Power Pool).
Between 1989 and 1997 he was executive secretary at Elsam and after that at Eltra,
the independent transmission system operator in the western part of Denmark. In 1998,
he was appointed head of the Operation Division at Eltra. Car l Hilger is a member of
Eurelectric Working Group SYSTINT and Nordel’s Operations Committee. Email:
carl@hilger.dk.
Ritva Hirvonen has MSc and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from Helsinki
University of Technology and an MBA degree. She has broad experience regarding
power systems, transmission and generators. She has worked for the power company
Imatran Voima Oy and transmission system operator Fingrid as a power system
specialist and at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland as research manager in
the energy systems area. Her current position is head of unit of Natural Gas and
Electricity Transmission for the Energy Market Authority (EMA) and she is actively
involved in research and teaching at the Power Systems Laboratory of Helsinki Uni-
versity of Technology. Email: Ritva.Hirvonen@Energiamarkkinavirasto.fi.
Hannele Holttinen has MSc (Tech) and LicSc (Tech) degrees from Helsinki University of
Technology. She has acquired broad experience regarding different aspects of wind
xxii Contributors
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 23 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
energy research since she started working for the VTT Technical Research Centre of
Finland in 1989. In 2000–2004 she worked mainly on her PhD on ‘Effects of Large Scale
Wind Power Production on the Nordic Electricity System’, with Nordic Energy
Research funding. Email: Hannele.Holttinen@vtt.fi.
Nick Jenkins is a professor of electrical energy and power systems at UMIST, UK. His
research interests are in the area of sustainable energy systems including renewable
energy and its integration in electricity distribution and transmission networks. Email:
N.Jenkins@umist.ac.uk.
W. L. (Wil) Kling received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from the Technical
University of Eindhoven in 1978. Currently, he is a part-time professor at the Electric
Power Systems Laboratory of Delft University of Technology. His expertise lies in the
area of planning and operating power systems. He is involved in scient ific organisations,
such as IEEE. He is also the Dutch representative in the Ci gre
´
Study Committee C1
‘System Development and Economics’. Email: w.l.kling@ewi.tudelft.nl.
Hans Knud sen received a MScEE from the Technical University of Denmark in 1991. In
1994 he received an industrial PhD, which was a joint project between the Technical
University of Denmark and the power companies Elkraft, SK Power and NESA. He
then worked in the in the Transmission Planning Department of the Danish transmis-
sion and distribution company NESA and focused on network planning, power system
stability and computer modelling, especially on modelling and simulation of HVDC
systems and wind turbines. In 2001, he joined the Danish Ener gy Authority, where he
works on the security of supply and power system planning. Email: HKN@ENS.dk.
A
˚
ke Larsson received in 2000 a PhD from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
His research focused on the power quality of wind turbines. He has broad experience
in wind power, power quality, grid design, regulatory requirements, measur ements and
evaluation. He also participated in developing new Swedish recomme ndations for
the grid connection of wind turbines. Currently, he works for Swedpower. Email:
ake.larsson@swedpower.com.
Christer Liljegren has a BScEE from Thorildsplan Technical Institute, Sweden. He
worked with nuclear power at ASEA, Vattenfall, with different control equipment,
mainly concerning hydropower, and at Cementa factory working with electrical indus-
trial designing. In 1985, he joined Gotlan d Energiverk AB (GEAB) and in 1995 became
manager engineer of the electrical system on Gotland. He was project manager of the
Gotland HVDC-Light project. In 2001, Christer Liljegren started his own consulting
company, Cleps Electrical Power Solutions AB (CLEPS AB), specialising in technical
and legal aspects of distributed power generation, especially wind turbines and their
connection to the grid. He has been involved in developing guidelines and recommenda-
tions for connecting distributed generation in Sweden. Email: chl@cleps.se.
Eva Centeno Lo
´
pez received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from Universidad
Pontificia Comillas in Madrid, Spain, in 2001, and a master’ s degree at the Royal
Contributors xxiii
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 24 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2000. She then worked at Endesa,
Madrid, Spain, at the Department of Electrical Market. Currentl y, she works at the
Swedish Energy Agency in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Email: Eva.Centeno@stem.se.
Per Lundsager started working full-time with wind energy in 1975, including R&D,
assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of energy systems and concepts,
for wind energy and other renewables. Between 1984 and 1993 he was head of the wind
diesel development programme at Risø National Laboratory. As senior consultant he
has been advisor to the national wind energy centres in the USA, Canada, Finland,
Denmark, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Brazil, India and Egypt, regarding projects, pro-
grammes and strategies. He has also been manager and/or participant in projects and
studies in the USA, Canada and Europe, including Greenland, Eastern Europe, Africa
and Asia. Email: per.lundsager@risoe.dk.
Matthias Luther received a PhD in the field of electrical switchgear devices from the
Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. In 1993, he joined PreussenElektra
AG, Germany. He was the project manager of various European network studies,
mainly concerning system stability. Between 1998 and 2000 he was in charge of network
development and customer services at the Engineering and Sales Department of
PreussenElektra Netz. Presently, Matthias Luther is head of network planning at E.ON
Netz GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany. He is member of several national and international
institutions and panels. Email: Matthias.luther@eon-energie.com.
Julija Matevosyan (Sveca) received a BSc degree in electrical engineering from Riga
Technical University, Latvia, in 1999. From 1999 to 2000 she worked as a planning
engineer in the Latvian power company Latvenergo. She received an MSc in electrical
engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2001. She is
currently working at the Royal Institute of Technology towards a PhD on the large-
scale integration of wind power in areas with limited transmission capability. Email:
julija@ekc.kth.se.
Poul Erik Morthorst has a MEcon from the University of A
˚
rhus and is a senior research
specialist in the Systems Analysis Department at Risø National Laboratory. He joined
this institute in 1978. His work has focused on general energy and environmental
planning, development of long-term scenarios for energy, technology and environmen-
tal systems, evaluation of policy instruments for regulating energy and environment and
the assessment of the economics of renewable energy technologies, especially wind
power. He has participated in a large number of projects within these fields and has
extensive experience in international collaboration. Email: p.e.morthorst@risoe.dk.
Jørgen Nyga
˚
rd Nielsen received a BScEE from the Engineering College of Sønderborg,
Denmark, in 1984. From 1984 to 1988 he worked on developing digital control systems
and designing software for graphical reproduction systems. Between 1988 and 1994
he was a lecturer at the College of Chemical Laboratory and Technician Education,
Copenhagen. In 1996, he received an MScEE from the Technical University of
Denmark and in 2000 an industrial PhD, a joint project between the Technical
xxiv Contributors
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 25 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
University of Denmark, the Institute for Research and Development of the Danish
Electric Utilities, Lyngby, Den mark, and Electricite
´
de France, Clamart, France. In
2000 he joined the Department of Transmission and Distribution Planning of the
Danish transmission and distribution company NESA. He works on general network
planning, power system stability and the development of wind turbine simulation
models. Email: JON@NESA.dk
Jonas Persson received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from Chalmers Univer-
sity of Technology, Go
¨
teborg, Sweden, in 1997 and a Tech. Lic. degree in electric power
systems from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2002. He joined
ABB, Va
¨
stera
˚
s, Sweden, in 1995 where he worked on the development of the power
system simulation software Simpow. In 2004 he joined STRI, Ludvika, Sweden, where
he develops and teaches Simpow. Currently, he also works at the Royal Institute of
Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, towards a PhD on bandwidth-reduced linear models
of noncontinuous power system components. Email: Jonas.Persson@stri.se.
Henk Polinder received in 1992 an MSc degree in electrical engineering and in 1998 a
PhD, both from the Delft University of Technology. Currently, he is an associate
professor at the Electrical Power Processing Laboratory at the same university, where
he gives courses on electrical machines and drives. His main research interest is gen-
erator systems in renewable energy, such as wind energy and wave energy. Email:
h.polinder@ewi.tudelft.nl.
Uwe Radthe was born in 1948. He received the Doctor degree in Power Engineering
from the Technical University of Dresden in 1980. In 1990 he joined PreussenElektra
and worked in the network planning department. He was involved in international
system studies as project manager and specialist of high voltage direct current transmis-
sion syst ems. From 2000 until 2003 he worked for E.ON Netz, responsible for system
integration of renewable energy, especially wind power generation.
Harold M. Romanowitz is president and chief operating officer of Oak Creek Energy
Systems Inc. and a registered professional engineer . He holds a BScEE from Purdue
University and an MBA from the University of California at Berkeley. He has been
involved in the wind industry in California since 1985 and received the AWEA Techni-
cal Achievement Award in 1991 for his turnaround work at Oak Creek. He has been
directly involved in efforts to improve the Tehachapi area grid over this time, including
the achievement of a better understanding of the impacts of induction machines and
improved VAR support. In 1992–93 he designed and operated a 2.88 MW 17 280 KWH
battery storage system directly integrated with wind turbines to preserve a firm capacity
power purchase agreement. He was a manufacturer of engineered industrial drive
systems for many years, produced the first commercial regenerative thyristor drives in
the USA and WattMiser power recovery drives. He has extensive experience with
dynamic systems, including marine main propulsion (10 MW), large material handling
robots, container and bulk-handling cranes, large pumps and coordinated process lines.
Email: hal@rwitz.net.
Contributors xxv
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 26 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
Fritz Santjer received an MSc (Diplom) in electrical engineering from the University of
Siegen, Germany, in 1989. In 1990 he joined the German Wind Energy Institute (DEWI)
where he works on grid connection and the power quality of wind turbines and wind
farms and on standalone systems. In 2000 he became head of the Electrical Systems
Group in DEWI. He has performed commercial power quality and grid protection
measurements in many different countries in Europe, South America and Asia. He is
an assessor for the MEASNET power quality procedure and is involved in national and
international working groups regarding guidelines on power quality and the grid con-
nection of wind turbines. He lectures at national and international courses. He was
involved in various European research projects concerning grid connection and power
quality of wind turbines, standalone systems and simulations of wind turbines and
networks. Email: f.santjer@dewi.de.
J. G. (Han) Slootweg received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from Delft
University of Technology, the Netherlands, in 1998. The topic of his MSc thesis was
modelling magnetic saturation in permanent-magnet linear machines. In Decem ber
2003 he obtained a PhD from the Delft University of Technology. His thesis was on
‘Wind Power; Modelling and Impact on Power System Dynamics’. He also holds an
MSc degree in business ad ministration from the Open University of the Netherlands.
His MSc thesis focuses on how to ensure and monitor the long-term reliability of
electricity networks from a regulator’s perspective. Currently, he works with Essent
Netwerk B.V. in the Netherlands. Email: han.slootweg@essent.nl.
Lennart So
¨
der received MSc and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the Royal
Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 1982 and 1988, respectively. He is
currently a professor in electric power systems at the Royal Institute of Technology.
He works with projects concerning deregulated electricity markets, distribution systems,
protection systems, system reliability and integration of wind power. Email: lennart.
soder@ets.kth.se.
Robert Steinberger-Wilckens received a physics degree in 1985 on the simulation of
passive solar designs. In 1993 he completed a PhD degree on the subject of coupling
geographically dispersed renewable electricity generation to electricity grids. In 1985 he
started an engineering consultancy PLANET (Planungsgruppe Energie und Techn ik) in
Oldenburg, Germany, of which he became a full-time senior manager in 1993. His work
has focused on complex system design and planning in energy and wat er supply, energy
saving, hydrogen applications, building quality certificates and in wind, solar and
biomass projects. In 1999–2000 he developed the hydrogen filling station EUHYFIS,
funded within the CRAFT scheme of the EU. In 2002 he joined the Forschungszentrum
Ju
¨
lich as project manager for fuel cells. He is currently head of solid oxide fuel cell
development at the research centre. Email: r.steinberger@planet-energie.de.
Poul Sørensen has an MSc in electrical engineering (1987). He joined the Wind Energy
Department (VEA) of Risø National Laboratory in 1987 and now is a senior scientist
there. Initially, he worked in the areas of wind turbine structural and aerodynamic
modelling. Now , his research focuses on the interacti on between wind energy and power
xxvi Contributors
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 27 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM
systems, with special interest in modelling and simulation. He has been project manager
on a number of research projects in the field. The modelling involves electrical aspects as
well as aeroelasticity and turbulence modelling. Poul Sørensen has worke d for several
years on power quality issues, with a special focus on flicker emission from win d
turbines, and has participated in the work on the IEC 61400-21 standard for the
measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics for wind turbines. Email:
poul.e.soerensen@ri soe.dk.
Goran Strbac is a professor of electrical power engineering at UMIST, UK. His research
interests are in the area of power system analysis, planning and economics and in
particular in the techni cal and commercial integration of distribut ed generation in the
operation and development of power systems. Email: G.Strbac@umist.ac.uk.
John Olav Giæver Tande received his MSc in electrical engineering from the Norwegian
Institute of Science and Technology in 1988. After graduating he worked at the Norwe-
gian Electric Power Research Institute (EFI) and then, from 1990 to 1997, he worked at
Risø National Laboratory in Denmark. After this he returned to SINTEF Energy
Research (formerly EFI), where he is currently employed. Throughout his career, his
research has been focused on the electrical engineering aspects of wind power. He has
participated in several international studies, including convening an IEC working group
on prepari ng an international standard on the measurement and assessment of the
power quality characteristics of grid-connected wind turbines, and is the operating agent
representative of IEA Annex XXI: Dynamic Models of Wind Farms for Power System
Studies (2002–2005). Email: john.o.tande@sintef.no.
Wilhelm R. Winter received an MSc and a PhD in power engineering from the Technical
University of Berlin in 1995 and 1998, respectively. In 1995 he joined Siemens and
worked in the department for protection development and in the system planning
department. He was involved in large-system studies including stability calculations,
HVDC and FACTS optimisations, modal analysis, transient phenomena, real-time
simulation and renewable energy systems. He was responsible for the developm ent of
the NETOMAC Eigenval ue Analysis program. In 2000 he started workin g at E.ON
Netz, and is responsible for system dynamics and the integration of large-scale wind
power. Email: Wilhelm.Winter@eon-energie.com.
Contributors xxvii
//INTEGRAS/KCG/PAGINATION/WILEY/WPS/FINALS_14-12-04/0470855088_01_PREA01.3D – 28 – [1–48/48] 20.12.2004
7:23PM