Юфин А.П. Гидромеханизация

CoopyxeHLre

c orouleHHbrN{

rApou

Mox{er

HMerb

MeHee

Morr{rrbre

6oxontie

_npu3rMbr

tto

cpaB-

HeHHro

c

nnoruuotft

HJIL4

.U,au60rt

c rJrr4,HHCTbrM

qApoNt.

O6rqcHse'r'cr

gro

Tetr{,

r{To

r.;.raHucroe

fln-

po

HaxoAHTCfl,

Ao/rfoe

BpeMfl

B

pasx{:HX(eHHOM

CO-

cToflHHH

H

OKa3brBaer

Ha

60xoslre

[pH31\{br

rHA-

pocTarr{rrecKoe

AaBJreHHe,

rrptrBoAfirrlee

lK

ueo6_

XOAHMOCTH

HX

YCHTICHI4N.

I4CX"TIrc.ICHHCM

CTYN(AT

HaMbrBHbre

coopyxielg.Hfl,,

Bo3BOAHMble

B r:eficnnn-

lIecKHX

parloHax,

rAe

geMJrerpflceHne

Mox(er

BbI3BaTb

pa3>KHX{eHHe

oTou{eHHoro,

Me,rrKonec-

rraHoro,

HeAOCTarorrHo

yflpoqHHBrXefocfl

flApa.

B

raxax

pafiouax

HaMbrBHbre

nJrorHH

br

HI.H

Aar\r-

6u

B03BoAflTcfl

c

6oxosH[aH

npr.r3]\4aNrpr

rawoit

>r(e

MorrIHocTH,

KaK

npH

r"rrHHHCTOr\{

flApe.

rIpaxruxa

HarvtbrBa

geMJrflHbrx

ioop.,,,x1gHrzrl

rroKa3aJra,

rrro

gfiipasonaHlre

orouleuHu:r

flAep

BO3MOX<HO

npH

HaJrLl'.rHr4

B

KapbepHor{

fpyHTe

rrbrJreBarbrx

qacrr4tt

B

Ko.raqecTBe

Ao

2lt_80

%

npa

orMbrBe

MeJroqta

Ao

l0yo.

Ecrn

A.an

HaMbrBa

zcno,[lsyroTcff

TolrKo3ep_

FrHCTbre.H

cpeAHe3epHHcTbre

IIe_cKH,

TO

pa3Mepbr

flApa

He

AoJrx(Hbr

rpeBbrrrrarb

2A-2So/s^

ulnpnHbr

!!!Sanr

coopyx<eH.zlfl.

flpH

frirrHncroM

nApe

q

ooKoBbrx

rrpH3MaX

Hs

KpynHo3epHHCTOfO

MaTe-

pnana

pa3rvrepbr

.{ilcreri

rlonepeqHoro

n;loSunr

coopyx(eHHfl

ycTaHaBJIHBaroT

Ha

OcHoBe

pacqe_

Ta

HcxoAq

ii3

yc"riclnua

o6ecneqeHufi

ycrc,iiqueo_

cTH

rrpHsM,

KOfAa

sApo

noJrHocTblo

pa3>Kr.rx{eHo.

MuHuua/rbHafi

rrrnpHHa

flnpa

cocraB,[fler

B--

l0

%

rxapuHbr

npoQa.rrn

coopyxe

HHn.

Orxocu

n4p

a'

ycJroBHo

rrpH|HHMaeMbre

npflx,roJrnuefiHUlrn,

o6nrqFro

HMeror

yKJroHbr

or

I

:2-

Io

I

:

0,b.

Taxxe

-\,rcJroBso

c

orpaHnrreHneM

rrpflMbrMu

ITHHLTfl,MH

BbrAeJrflrrf,T

n_

npo$n"rie

cooplrxlgHps

NPOMC}KYTOI{HYIO

3OHY.

fIPrO

}ICTIOJIb:|OBAHI4H

AJIfl

HaMbIBa

rpyHToB

B

.[Hala3oHe

oT

TOHKOSepHHC_

Tbrx

Ao

cpeAHe3epHncrbrx

rxHpHHa

eloft

3oHbr

co_

craBrifler

rpuMepHo

300/6

rrupuHbr

npoQnnn

co_

opy)KeHnn.

IIpH

orcyrcrBr4kr

B KapbepHoM

rpyHre

cpeAuax

no KpynHocrr4

Spaxqzr?

npoMe:Kyrorr_

Harr

SoHa

yMeHbrrraeTcfl.

KoncrpyKrIHro

npoSnnn

HaMlregofi

naor,-

Hbr

ntr6aparcT

npe.MAe

Bcero

B

gaBrncHMocTH

or

HaBHaqeHtrfl.,

ycnonuri,

B

KoTopbrx

npeAnofiaraeT_

cfl,

SKCUIyaTHpOBaTb

uIoTHHy,

H

OT

KarrecTBa

(fpaHyJroMerpLtqecKoro

cocrqsa)

fpyHroBn

flpeA_

Ha3HarraeMblx

AJIfl

:HaMbIBa.

C,rrelyer

TaKX(e

Vqu-

TbIBaTb

KaqecTBo

rf,cHoBaHuft,

cpoKoB

v

aeio"u

np

eAiloJr

araeMof

o HaMbrBa.

B

3aB?rcaMocTrr

oT

Mecra

pacrloJlox<eHzq

tro

orHoIrIeHHIo

K

ocHcrBHoMy

noroKy,

K

KoropoMy

npHypoqeHa

IIJioTHEra,

n.rroTHHbr

noApa3Aefl

flIoTcfl

ua

nofinaeHHbre

14

pycJroBbre.

IrofineuHble

n/torrtHbt,

pacnoJrafaer\rbre

e

nofi_

Nrax

peK,

xapaKTepH3yroTcfl

TeM,

qTO

HaMbrBa-

IOTCfl

He

B BOAy,

a Ha

cyxoe,

COOTBeTCTByIOITIHM

o6pasou

noAroroBJreHHoe

ocHoBaHHe.

H;

BoAo_

I60

Puc.

l3l.

llnornHa

c

sy6ou

1'^i*^69-*9"b-re

rIpH3Mbr;

1_:-rp^11*

i

4

-qApo;

5, 6

-

yAaren'r,ril

pacrr.rreJrbHrrri

cloji

:

i"que"tiil-

"pv"t,

g'-'.-

BoAoHerpouuqaeurtt?

rpyir;

a

jj-Joaot

po-

Puc.

132.

flnornua

c nApou

H

unyHroM

O6osHa.reHr.rr

Te

)Ke,

qro

Ha

pac.

l3l

;

fi

_urnynr

HCNPOHI{IIACMOM

OCHOBAHHH

BO3BOAffTCfl

IIJIOTH-

[j :l:lyI^T:"rBeHHo

c

sApou

(crur.

pnc.

lB0).

rla

BoAonpoHHqaeMoM

ocHOBaHHrZ,

HO

rrpH

He_

rny6oxou

gaJreraHau

BoAoy[opa,

Bo3BoArrcfl

nJrorr4Hbr

c

sAporrl

Lr

.c

sy60rra-

(prac.

l3i)

nnu

c

rApona

k

uryHroM

(puc.

lg2),

.xoroptrfi

'

norr-

Hocrbro

rpope3aer

BoAonpoHarlaenauri'

cnofi.

unu

BHeApseTcfl

B

Hero

Ha

AocraroqHyro

r.ny6aHy,

sHaqr.rreJrbHo

yAJrHHflfl

npu

eronr

nyrn

Qujurpa-

I\LIH.

IIP"

BOAOIIPOHHIIACMOM

CJIOC

6ONIUOfi

Molrluocrr4,

flBilrIoIrIeMcfl

ocHoBaHHeM

HaMunHoft

n.rIoTHHbI,

[JroTHHa

Bo3BOAHTCfl

c

sApou

14

IIoHy_

POM,

LrJrH

oAHOpOAHOfo,

HO

pacn,nacraHHoro

upoSu4n.

.

llonypon,t

Ha3brBaercfl

Hauurufi

c.lloii

(ur.refis)

MeJiKoro (r.'uuacroro

HrrH,.uucroro)

rpyHra

nepeA

n.lrornHoft,

T.

e.

co

cropoHbr

Bepx_

Hero

6neQa,

xoropufi

yMeHbrrraer

6H.rrtrparluro

BOAbI

rlep$

ocHoBaHHe

nJroTHHbr.

I

Pgcttoeate

n,l.oTuHb,

Bo3BOAflT

HerrocpeAcT_

BeHHO

B JrO)Ke

pycnoBofo

noToKa,

eHe4pancl

B

6eperoaofi

MaccHB.

flpo$u"rrr

pycJroBori

^

n.noru-

Hbr

cocror,rr

H3

AByx

qacrert

_

rroABoAuofi

H

HaA_

no4Hoft,

-

TaK

KaK

npr{xoAuTcfl

rrpoH3BoAHTb

Ha_

MbrB.B

BoAy,

HHorAa

sa

6o.ttruyn

rny6nHy.

flonepeuHnft

npoQu.rrt

pyc"rroiort

nnornno,

AO.rrx(eH

6uTb

3arrpoeKTHpoBaH

c

yqeToM

COCTaBa

t0.

Prtc. 133. OcHoBHbIe rI,trlbl

pycJloBblx

rIJlorI{H

!r_c 'ApoM

ga

BoAoHenpognqaeeloM

ocHoBaHnu;

6-.c

qApoM

r 3y6oit,

flpope3aloq}rM

Becb

BoAoflpoHtrqaeMr,Ift

cnofi:

a-c

qlpoM

ltrrryHTo!{, npopeSaor{rx

"e"a

so,o.oopo"rrrlu"ur,ril

clofi oiiolaxu;-

e

-

nlrocrpancrro

3aMnro

B lpo*AeHo

IIrnyHTox

ao

BoaoBeIIpoHH4ae-

lroro cnoq; d

-

oaHopoaHafi

xa

necrlaHoM

Bo4onposnqaevoM

ocHoaaHl{tl:

e-6e3

gnDa'

Bo3BoauMgs

rlo

qacrgM

l

-

Bo'[OHenpOHXIlAeMOe

ocBoBarne; 2_OaHKer; 3

_

xonryp

,,qiriii

i=i;i-.6-in;npilxir;

i-ntro"epn"e

npulMH;

6'

-

ornoxeHBt-fpyHra

or

f,a!.Bo.tsoro

HaMri-

Ba:6-'aDo E noaBoaHoi

'u"t";

z

-

oiil""'oJ;;;;;po';;;";via;

a-iariHs

s;tue

ipogHs

ro'4EI;

9

-

ao4onpoHnqaeMbln

rpvsri

V;: ^";;;: t I

:;;;iiiii'

lz-: i!c"

upiiO'a',

-

"oiio,qtii';'

iaMirs6M

s sory

noc,re

qacru'rioro

HaIIoTIHeIIEn

BoaoxparlwrrlAa:

13

-

ro

xe'

B noc.rreAnloro

oqepeah

fpyHToB,

npeAHa3HarIeHHbIX

AJifl

HaMbIBa,

a

TaK'

x{e

c

yqeroM TJIy6PIHbI

H CKOpOCTH

TerIeHHf

BOAbl,

B KOTOpyrc ilpeArIoJIaf

aercfl

BecrH

HaMbIB.

B KoHcCpyKqHu

noilepeqHoro

npoQIrJIfl

raKofr

nJrorHHbr

AOJIX{HO

6ltrl

orpa>KeHO

TaK>Ke

feoJio-

rHqecKoe

crpoeHHe

rlopoA

AHa

pycila

u feorexHH-

qecKr{e

xapaKTepIdcTI{KH

cJIOf

fpyHTa,

flBJlflrolqe-

fOCf

OCHOBAHHCM

NJIOTHHbI.

JIOBbIX

IIJIOTI4HI.

E

77.

CnOCOEbI

HAMbIBA

TPyHTA

B npaKTI4Ke

rHApoMexaHH3aL\Lrkr

B Hacroa-

il{ee

BpeMfl HCTIOJIb3yIOT

TpH CTIOCO6a

HaMbIBa:

3CTaKaAHbrft, 6egecraxaAHbIfi

Lt

HH3KOOilOpHbIfi.

Scraxa4uufi

cnoco6.

flpu

scraKaAHoM

crlo-

co6e

pacrpeAeJIHreJIbHbIft

rpy6orpoBoA

yKJIaAbI-

Baror Ha scTaKaAax

u

fHApOCMeCb

paccpeAoro-

qeHHo

BblilycKaercfl

I{3

Tpy6orpoBoAa

Ha

HaMbI-

BaeMylo

noBepxHocrb

rrc

pnl'a

pefyJlplpyeMblx oT-

BepcrHfi

-

BblrrycKoB.

Bltcora

flpyca

HaMbIBa

on-

peAeJlflercfi

Bblcoroft

ScTaKaA,

3aJIOX(eHHfl

OTKO-

ca rrJrorHHbl

H HI\IeIOUIHXCfl

CpeACTB

MeXaHH3aqHH.

3craxaAbr o6bIrIHo

BbInoJIHsIor

Hg

craHAaprHoro

I

A.

VI.

Ory

.qar,

1967.

I t

A.

fI. IO$un

p

u

o B. HavruleHure

nJIorItHbI. Ctpoftua-

KpyfJrofo

Jleca

-

noAroBapHI{Ka

-

AHaMeTpOM

AO

i0--ZZ

cM

H

AJIHHoft

6,5

M.

Bltcora

3craKaA

5

u

npu sarJIy6JIetnlr

B

rpyHr

Ha 1,5

M.

B uoc.ileAHee

BpeMf

B

npaKruKe

HaMblBa

trpu-

MeHfIoT

LIHBeHTapHbIe

MeraJLIIHqecKUe

pa36op-

Hble

SCTaKaAbI.

Tpy6u MoHrupylor

Ha ocraKaAax

rpaKropHbl-

yAJIHHeHHOft

r{oHcrpyKrI?IH.

Ens

pacrpeAeJlr{reJIbHoro

rpy6onpoBoAa

rrpHMeHflror MerarJir{r{ecKHe Tpy6br c

QJIaHIIeBbI-

MH

HrrU 6asha>xHbrMH

caMoyrrJrorHsloulkrMl4cfr,

6ucrpop a3beMHbrMr{ coeAHHeHHfl MH.

Ornepcrnn

AJrn

BbrrrycKa raApocMecu

4r4a-

MerpoM 150

200

MM

pa3Meulalorcfl

Ha

rpy6o-

npoBoAe

rrepe3

6 na

apyf

or

Apyfa.

Oreepcrun

o6opyAyrorcfl 3aABHx(KaMr4

6

HJrr{

rrarpy6watrrn

2

(puc.

134) c sarBopar{H

pasrurlHoft

KoHcrpyK-

r\Hu. llonoxeHue

orBepcrnri

B Tpy6onpoBoAax

4

Ivro)Ker

6rrrl

pa3rr4rrHbrM,

Ho o6uqHo

oHH

Ha-

rrpaBJreHbr

BeprHKaJIbHo BHH3 r4lrr4 c

He6oJIbIiIHI\r

HaKJroHoM

K

o6sanosaHuro.

A.ns

yAo6crea

pac-

rrp

eAeJr eHHfl

f

rrAp ocM

ecH

np

H M

eHf

ror

Aep

eB

ff

HHbIe

MI4

KpaHaMH-rpy6oyKfl

aAtIHKaMH c

Ha

pnc.

133

rroKa3aHbr

ocHoBHbre

rnnbr

pyc-

crpeJlofi

H[rn

ryceHutIHbIMH

KpaHaMH

o6ltquofi

HJIH MCTAflTIZqCCKHC

JIOTXU 3 HA KO3JIOBbIX

pax

9.

flo

Mepe

HaMbrBa flpyca

coopylKeHHfl

ono-

pac-

npeAe,rrHTeJrbHbre

"rroTKH

yKoparrHBarcT,

SaTeM

CHHMaroT

H HaMbrB

BeAyT

HenOCpeACTBeHHO Lt3

161

Puc.

135.

Cxeua

gcraKaAHoro

cnoco6a

uannuBa

c

3aKoJrb-

IIoBaHHbTM

pacnpeAeJruTeJrbHbrM

rpy6onpono.Eoru:

I,

II

-Kaprbr

_HaMbtBa;

I-gaKonb4Ogaunlrfi

pacnpeAenr{relrsufi

rpyoorpoBoA:

z

-

nepexnrcqar.enb;

J-

uarucrpaarnufi

rpy6oupo_

y9x

4

-Aau6u

rorryrHoro

o6earosaH'fl:

5-

c6poculre

*,inoAr(u,;

6

-

nonepeqnsre

Aar.r6sr

o6sanosaHgg

HO

MeHflTb

HanpaBJreHHe

noToKa

rEApocnlecH.

Ko_

fiHr{ecrBo

oAHOBpeMeHHO

OTr{pbrBaeMbrx

naTpy6_

KOB

MOX(CT

6bITb

PA3flHT{HbIM

H

YCTAHABJIHBACTCfl

Ha

MecTe

B

KaX{noM

oTAeJrbHoM

crvr{ae.

B

oreqecrBeHHofi

rtpaKrHKe

rrz4porexHHrrecKo_

rO

CTPOHTEJIbCTBA

SCTAKAAHbII1

CIIOCO6

HAMbIBA

6u.u

rroBceMecrHo

pacrpocrpaHeH

Ao

lg12-

1954

m.,

Ho

c rroflBJreHaeM

BbrcoKoMexaHHBHpo_

BAHHbIX

H SKOHOMII.IHbIX

6CS3CTAXA.I.HOrO

I,I

HH3-

KOOrrOpHofo

cnoco60n

HaMbrBa

oH yrparHJr

cBoe

3HaqeHrre.

B

HacToflrrlee

Bpe\fq

sTor

cnoco6

[pH_

MeHflIor

ToJIbKo

npII HaMbIBe

He[porflx(eHHblx,

Ho

BbrcoKHX

CoOpylKennh.

He4ocrarKarurr

scraKaAHoro

cnoco6a

HarvrbrBa

-flBJrflroTcf

:

60"rirruue

3arpaTbr

JrecoMar

ep'ana

A"{fl

BbINO"TI

HCH

H

g

SCTA

K

AA

H

P

AC''P

CACJI

IZTCJIbHbIX

JroTKoB;

cJrox{Hocrb

t\{oHTa>r{Hbx

pa6oT

ilo

yK_

I :3I: ^i --n

ep

eyl{rl

aAKe

p

a

c n

p

eAerrHrerr

bHbrx

rp

y-

OONPOBOAOB;

TPYAHOCTb

OTCbIIIKH

NOTIYTHOTO

o6eanos

aHHfl

pflAolr

c

gcraKa

2:aMH H y[paBJre_

HHfl.

CaMHM

rrpoqeccox{

Ha}rbrBa.

flpilrnreHeHrre

HHBeHTapHbrx

MeTaJrJrHr{ecKHX

ecraxal

B

3Haqr4_

TeJrbHori

Mepe

noerrcaro

3KOHOMHqecKHe

rioKa-

3aTeJrA

3TOrO

MeTOAa,

ycTpaHHJro

[oTeprr

j]eco_

MaTepHa"Ta

H

ylpocTr{Jro

troAfoToBrlTeJrbHble

r.r

r\{oHTa)KHbre

pa6oru.

EesscraraAHufi

cnoco6.

Besecraxa4Hnfi

cno-

co6 sal,rbrBa

pa3pa6oran

rr

ocBoeH

B[epBbre

B

CCCP

BcecorcsHbnr

rpecroM

rHApouexaHlr3a_

IfHII

MUHNCTCPCTIA

3",'ISKTPOTCXHHKI4

H

sJICKTPO.

crauquft

cccP.

3ror

cnoco6

ua,6o,rree

MexaHH-

svtponauurrrl

H

3KOHOMAqsufi

ilo

cpaBHeHHrO

C

ApyrHMH

cnoco6alru.

llp,

6esecraKaAHoM

crto_

co6e

HaMbrBa

pacrpeleJrureJrbHurl

rpy6onpoBoA

YI{JIAAbIBACTCfl

HCTIOCPCACTBCHHO

IIO HANIbIBAEMO-

My fpyHry'

u

rHApoclrrecb

BbrrrycKaercfl

cocpeAo_

ToqeHHo

H3

Toprla

KoHeqHoro

sBeHa

rpy6onpoBo_

Aa.

Tpy6lr

HaparrlHBarorcfl

B

npoqecce

Har\rbrBa

c

rroMoulbro

KpaHa-rpy6oyx"rr

aALrHKa.

Tpy6u

csa6xeurr

cilerrHaJrbHbrMH

6UCrpopa3'beMHbrMr{

.

p

acrpy6uuul.r

coeAHHe

HV+MH (plzc.

136)

.

llp"

'

HaMbrBe

B soAy

oqepeAHoe

seeHo.

rpy6nr

Hapa_

rr{HBaror

nocJre roro,

r(aK y

ropua

rpy6onpoBoAa

o6pasyerca

Aocraro.{Hlrri

Ajrfl

oToro

rrJrflx{

Ha-

MbIBA.

HaMHe

HaqrrHaercfl

c

BbrnycKa

rr{ApocNrecn

H3

Toprla

nepRoro

sBeHa rpy6onpoBoAa,

yJrolr{eH-

Horo

Ha

oAHori

cropoue

Kaprbr

HaMbrBa,

H Betrer-

cfl

Ao

o6pason

aHnfl.

nepeA

HrrM

cJrofl

oTJolKeHHfl

rpyHra

rpe6yeruofi

TonuIHHbr.

3arena

oe3

repe-

pbrBa

B

[oAaqe

rHApocMecH

Hapau{aBaercf

Bro_

poe

3BeHo rpy6orpoBoAa

H

npon3BoAurcr

Aa.rrb-

ueriurraft

HaMbrB

rpyHra

rorl

xe

roJrrrluHbl.

B

pe-

syJIbTaTe

nocJreAoBaTeJrbHoro

HapauIHBaHHri

Tpy6

c

HerrpepbrBHhrr,r

BbrrrycKoM

rHApocMecn

rrpo-

r{cxoAHr

roHKocJroftutrfi

HaMbrB

rpyHra

rro

ncefi

AJrrrHe.

Taxntr

xe

o6pa3oM

BeAercff

HaMbrB

npn

paspa6orKe

pacnpeAeJrureJrbHoro

rpy6onpoBoAa.

Puc.

134.

Scraxa4Hnft

cnoco6

HaMbrBa:

I

-

Eau6a

norryrHoro

o6saaosa'us;

2

-

npoexrnufi

orKoc:

J

-

pac-

upe,4,erurelruurft

noroK;

4-pacnpeAe.rulre.nrnuft

rpybonpoBo,i(;

5-narpy6ox;

6- uru6epHas

si,qnu;.*u;

/

-scraxaAa;

g_nagx

HaMbrBa;

9

-

xosnosaa

oflopia

pacnpeAen[TenbHoro

aorra'

NATPy6Koe.

CrofiKI{

scTaKaA

ocTaBJIflIOT

B

IIaMbI.

ToM

rpyHTe,

roprrsorrraJrbHbre

sJreMeHTbr

y6upa_

IOT,

rrTo6br

npeAoTBpaTHTb

MecTHyro

KoHTar{.THyro

QHnlrparlnro.

Iloc"rr-e

oKoHrraHHr

HaMbIBa

AaHHo-

fo

flpyca

ycTaHaB,irHBaroT

sCTaKaAbr

cJneAyrc)ulefo

flpyca,

Ha KoTopbre

nepeKJraAbrBaror

pacnpe,AeJrH_

TCJIbHbIC

tPY6ONPOB'OAbI,

H

HAMbIB

HAqHHAIOT

BHOBb.

flocxontKy

npu HaMbrBe

rnApocMecb

noc,ryna-

eT

H3

psLa

BbrnycKoB,

pac[oJroxeHHbrx

nocJreAo-

BareJrbHo

no

AnHHe

pacnpeAeJrnreJrbHoro

rpy6o.

IPOBOAA,

TO

II3

NCPBbIX BbIIIYCKOB

HA

KAPT)I

HA-

MbIBa

nocrynaer

rraApocMecb,

Hau6oJree

Hacbr-

rrleHHafl

rracTHqaMu

KpyrHoro

rpyHTa,

T.

e.

npo-

ucxoAHr

rrpoAo.rrtHoe

Qp

aKrIHoHHp

oB

aHH

e f

p

yHra.

3ro

naoxer

npuBecrlr

K ToMy,

rrro

coopy>Ker:rge

B

pagHbrx

lracrflx

craHer HepaBHonpoqHbrM

u He

6y-

Aer

o6naAarb paBHoMepnofi

BoAorrpoHr{rlaeN{o-

crblo.

tlro6u

npeAynlpeAHTb

TaKoe

flBJreHHe,

H2-

MbrB

BeAyT

c nolepeNreHHbrM

oTKpbrTHeM

Brilrrlc_

KoB,

T.

e.

yqacTKH

pacnpeAeJrureJrbHoro

rpy6o_

rrpoBoAa

BKJrroqanr

n

pa6ory

rooqepeAHo.

Ij

ne-

KoTopbrx

cflyrraqx

rpy6onpoBoA

3aKoJrbrroBbrBa-

rcr (prac.

135)

H rorAa B

HeM

rrepuoAurrecKa

l\,ro>K-

162

-_ -'k

IEE&_

flpa

ero yxop

aq.ttsaq]arl

KoHerr

[oc/reArrero

3BeHa

cHaqaJla

npHnoAHrIMitIOT

KpaHOM

Ha Bbrcory.,

co_

OTBCTCTBYIOIIIYrc

TOJIIIIHHC

HAMbIBACMOTO

CJIOfl,

A

nocJre

HaMbrBa

rpyHria

rpy6y

orcoeAnHqror.

Ha_

MbrB

npoHcxoAHT,

CjrreAoBaTe,rrbHo,

B

npol{ecce

rrefi

HorrHofo

ABr4)KeHHjr

KpaHa,

TO

HapaqHBauqe_

io,

to yKopaqr,Barourero

3BeHbfl

pac,,peAeJrHT,eJrb_

Horo

rpy6onpoBoAa.

floc.ne

HaMbrBa

c,/ro.fl

rpe6yenrolt

ro,uul,H'r

Ha

oAHofr

cropoHe

Kaprbtr

HaMbrB

BeAyr

no

lp,grorl

cropoHe

Kaprbr

no

aHaJrornquofi

cxeMe

H T.

L.

TonlquHa

c,rrofl

Ha,MbIBa

gaBHcHT

or

xapaKTe-

La

IpyHTa

H

Morr{HocTr.r

3eMJrecocHofo

cHapjflAa,

n.,tn

recr{aHbrx

rpyHToB

LI

3eMJrecocHbrx

cHapr:AoB

rlrroB

300-40

ra

b00-60

osa

paBHa

0,6_0,2,n,r

;p;

Ha p

a rqa

B

aHr4H

p

a

cnp

e,u,eJrareJrbHoro

rpy6o

np

oBo_

Aa

L0,2-0,3

M

-

npra

ero yKoparruBaHHkr.

flo

rvr

ep

e

H a

M

brB

a rp

yHra

p

a

cnp

eAeJrurexibnu

li

rpy6onpoBoA

rrepeMeruaror

napa'rJreJrbHo

JrHHkrLr

Hapy)KHOfo

oTKoCa

coopylKeHHfl,

COXpaHflfl

no_

croflHHo

oAHHaKoBoe

paccroflHHe

6_a

M

or

6poexn

noAorrrBbr_BHyrpeHHero

orKoca

[onyrHo_

ro

o6ea.rroBaH'ff.

Ha"

piac.

rBT

uso6pu*.n,

,,".-

Nta

6eggcrar{aAHoro

cn.rco6a

nannrrea.

OrcyrcrBae

acraKa.u,

no3BoJrfler

[o.]iHocrbro

NrexaHn3upoBarb

pa6oru

no

ycrpoficrey

rorryr_

HOrO

O6sa'r'roe

aHr4fl,

KOTOpOe

BbrrroJrHflrcr

o6u,quo

6y"lr4osepoM,

pa6orarcurr*

Ha

yqacrKax,

He

3AHflTbIX

B

AAHHbIfT

UOUTCHT

PACNPEACJ'I4TCJIbHbtMH

rpy6onpoBoAaMH.

Husxoonopuurfi

cnoco6.

flp,

oroM

cnoco6e

HaMbrBa

pacnpeAenure"rrnufi

rpy6onpoBoA

J/K_

JIAAbIBAIOT

HA

HHSKHX

HHBCHTAPHbIX

OIOPAX

PI

rHApOCMecb

BbrnycKae'rcf

Ha

HaMbrBaeMyrc

fro-

BepxHocTb

cocp_eAoToqeHHo

klJrT

qacTr{qHo

pac_

cPeAororreHHo.

B

fieptsoM

cryrrae

ee BbrrrvcKaror

pr3

ropqa

pacnpeAe/ru'reJrbHoro

rpy6onpoBo4a,

pas6upaeMoro

B

npoIlecce

HaMbrBa,

a Bo

BropoNr

cryqae

-

143

TOpI{OB

HecKoJrbKHX

cMeuleHr{brx

OTHOCHTCJIbHO

OAI{H

OT

ITPYTO|O KOHCIIHbIX

sBCH]bCB

raKoro

rpy6onpoBoAa.

Tonquua

HaMbrBaeMoro

Hr{3Koolo_plbrM

cnoco6rru

cJror

rpyHTa

cocraB_

Jrfler

l-l

,2

w.

fIo

cre,'eHH

MexaHH3arrr4H

HH3Koonopururir

cuoco6

6nusoK

x

6esocraKaAHoMy

cnoco6y

ua-

MbrBa.

ilo

xapaxrepy

yKna1:KH

rpyHra

npn

co-

cPeAoroqeHHoM

BbrnycB.e

rHApocMecu

oH

CxoI,eH

c

6esscraKaAHbrM

cnoco6ou,

a

npn paccpeAoro_

qeHHoM

-

c

gcTaKaAHbrrrd.

HHeeHrapHbre,uepennn_

HbIe

onopbr

elrcorofi

A,o

l,b

M

cocToflr

H3

ABryx

cToeK

H

nofieperrHHbI.

Pacnpe4eJrureJrbuufii

Spy6onpono4

yKJraAbr_

Baror

Ha

paccronHn*

4--5

M

OT

6pOnxa

rroAorx.Bbr

lHyrpeHHero

orKoca

nonyrHoro

o6eanon

aHr4fl.

Tpy6u

pas6aparl

"

rpoqecce

HaMbrBa,

He

np,e-

Kpaulafl

ero.

Tpy6u

npz pas6opxe

He

cHuMaior

c

fto[epeqHH,

a JIHIrrb

cJIerKa

oTKaTbrBaIoT.

B:or-

IIYCI(ATb

|LIAPOCMCCb

EIO

BPCMfl

HAPAIIIHBAH]Afl

ll*

Puc.

137.

Cxeua

6esacraxaAHoro

cnocoOa

HarrbrBa:

1- pacrp.eAe.nurenunufi

-rpy6onponoA;

2

_xpau;

J

_

uo.1o>xeuue

pacr.rpeAenr.rre,rrbHoro

rpy6onponoaa

npr.r

Hapaud'BaH

nvr;

4

_

ro

)Ke,

ilf"Jf"jir:1auuu;

5

-

aam6rr

nonyiHoro'

rOtrino"i*im;

o

_

nfel

A

6

2

iti!

q*

',ll6uue

eaue

mor<a

eudpo-

163

nJreKTotvr

HaBecHoro

o6opy4oBaHufl,

cocrorrurero

rI3

BtrJr

r{ 6yponoro

crsHK?.

Bunu yKpenJreHbr

B

nepeAHeft

qacru

rpaKropa

u

cJryx(ar

AJrfi

noAbe-

Ma

H

yx,riaAxr.r

rpy6

ua oropbr (c

ux

rroMoulbro

orropbr

TaK)I(e

r43BJIeKaIoTCfl

nOCfie

OKOHqaHI{rI

HaNrbrBa

npyca).

Ilyponofi

craHoK,

xotoptrr?

cMoHTrrpoBaH

e

saAHerl

qacrn

TpaKTopa

Ha

c'beM-

Hbrx

KpoHlrrreftuax,

AeJraer

oAHoBpeMeHHo

ABe

cKBalKHHbr

r"rly6r.rHoit

Ao

0,8

M

AIrfl

ycratgoBKu

orop

croeK:

3a I

q

ou

6ypur

B

cpeAHeM

120

cKBax{HH.

Orcunxa

o6eaJroBaHufl

Ha

Bcro

r3brco-

ry

lpyca

FraMbrBa

n:pou3BoArircfl

6ynuosepoM.

llp,

paccpeAororreHuu

noroKa

rnApocMecn

KoHeqHbre

3BeHbfl

Tpy6

pacttpeAe,rirHTeJrbHoro

rpy6onpoBoAa

cABnrarorcfl

Ha

tls-rln

rorepeq-

Horo

cerreHufl rpy6u

v

gaHHMaroT

rroJrox.eHae,

noKa3aHHoe

Ha

pnc.

138.

s

78.

CXEMbt HAMb|BA

3EMrqHHx

coopy}REHr.n

Cyutecrnyror

cJreAyFourue

cxeMbr

HaMbrBa

ser\r,,'r

fl

H brx

coop

y>reunr?

:

nlroHepHo-ToprloBafl,

AByXCTOpOHHflfl, OAHO_

cTop

oI-IHfl

fl

,

MO3 aHqHiafl

,

np

OAoJit,H

afl

.

lluoHepno-TopqotBaq

cxeMa

HaMbrBa.

Onlicas-

rrbre

6esscraxaAuurl

H HnsKoofiopuuil

cnoco6u

HaIUbIBa

l\rofyT

6Urr)

roTHecoHbl

K

rrHoHepHo-Toprlo-

soft

cxeilre

HaMbrBzr

3eMJrflHbrx

coopy>Keirur?.

3r1'

cxeMy B HecKoJrbKo

HHoM

TexHHqecKoM

oQopnr"neHHu

npHMetllflroT

TaKlKe

Lilfl

HaL{bIBa

rpyHTa

B

BoAy

npH BO3BeAeHnu

HHX(He|O

noA-

BoAHoro

flpyca

3eMJrflHbrx

coopy)Keuafi

B

pr/cJrax

peK

HnH

xaxax-.nu6o

BoAoeMax.

Ero

noJrb3yrorcrr

TaKx{e

ilpr4

3aMbrBe

oBparoB

r.r

rroHpr>KeHr.rft,

npu

rIaMbIBe

ropoAcKvrx

pr

3aBoAcKHX

Teppuropuft,

Ha-

MbrBe

a3poApoMoB

H rrp.

llpa

HaMbrBe B

BoAy

r?rApocMecb

BbrnycKaer-

cfl, Lts

roprla

pacrpeAeJrHTeJrbHofo

rpy6onpoBoAa,

HaparrlHBaeMoro

no Mepe BbrxoAa

BrepeAH

Hefo

H3 BoAbr

ouoxeunft

HaMbrBaeMoro

rpyHTa

(puc.

139) . HaMnre

Mox(Ho

ocyilIecrsnsrrj

-6es-

gcTaKaAHbrM

cnoco6oM

Hnrkr

gcTaKaAHbrM.

,lI,nyxcropoH[rfls

cxeMa

HaMbrBa.

Ae)txcro-

poHHroro

cxeMy

Haudonee

qacro

npnMeHfro,r

nprr

HaMbrBe

HaABoAHbrx

r{acrefi

coopyxenrzft.

HanrHe

no eroft

cxeMe

nponSrBoAqr'rro6brM

cnoco6orra:

oq-

Ta

K

aAH

br

ti, 6 es e

cr a

K

aAH br

M

H

r.r

3

Ko

o rro p

H br

Iv{.

VcraHoeJreHo,

rrro

npn

AByxcropoHuert

rJXeMe

Ha\rbrBa

c

npyAKoM-rlrcrorlsuxom

H3

Hero

BMecre

co

c6pocHofi

eoAorl orulrBatorcfl

r{acrr4rrbr

C: H8r4-

6onrruert

Kpyrruocrb,ro

or 0,05

Ao

0,1 MM,

r. e.

npr{MepHo

100/o

o6reua rpyHra.

flpn

6ecnpyAro-

BoM

AByxcropoHHer\,r

HaMbrBe

orMbrB

MeJrorlrH

6y-

Aer

6ontrurzru

-

o6rrqHo

l2-16

%,

a B orAe/rb-

r{brx

cJryqaflx

u 6o"ner:

BbrcoKprM

O4HocropoHHqfl

cxeMa

HaMbrBa.

Oty

cxeMy

HaMbrBa

[pHNreHflrcT

npH

BO3BeAeHUH

3a[\prTHbrx

lau6

c

BoJrHoycrofiqaebrM

orKocoM,

xoropsre

6o-

164

JIee

pacrrJlacTaHbr,

qeM

coopy)r(eHufl

.o6xaroro

npoQu"ur,

Ho He rpe6yror

6erousux

xpen,ueHaft.

Kponre

roro,

oAHocropoHHroro

cxeMy

HaMbrBa

HC[OJrbSyIOT

IIpn

noAfoToBKe

OCHOBaHHfl,

rroA

co_

opyx(eHHfi,

npH

pac[rHpeHHH

CyrqecrByrorrlHx

3eMJrfHbrx

coopyxeHurt

r{

yKperrJreHHH

6eperon

KorAa

rpyHr

npr{MbrBaercfl

x

6epery

HJrH

orKocy

coopy)KeHnfl,,

H

npa 3aMbIBe

na3yx

6erousux

co_

opyx<euufi.

OAuocropoHHflfl

cxeMa

npHMeHrer-

cfl, npH

rroABoAHoM

H HaABOAHOM

HaMbrBax.

B ilocJreAHeM

cflyr{ae

pa6ortr

Moryr

Becrncb

c rrpyAKonn-orcrofiHr4r{oM

lr 6es

Hero.

llpa

HaMbrBe

no oAHocropoHHeft

cxeue

MolK-

Ho

npHMeHflTb

3craKaAusrft,

6esscraxa4usrrt

u

Hr{3Kooropnuli

cnoco6u.

Ha puc.

140

uso6pa-

x(eHa

oAHocTopoHHflfl

CXeNra

HaMbrBa

c [pyA_

KoM-orcrorluaxona

ocraKaAHbrM

cnoco6ou

npkl

3bItIoJIHeHHH

yKp

en,,TreHLrq

6epera.

flpnr

HaMbrBe

nJrorHH

a

.q,avr6

no

oAHocropoH-

neii

cxer,re

pacilpeAeJure,rrbHbre

rpy6onpoBoAbr

Plrc. 138. Cxeua Hu3KoonopHoro

cnoco6a

salrsrBa

c

pac-

cpeAororreHHbrM Ha

o6e cropoHbr:

1

-

3B€Hbfi rpy6-

pacnpeAenHre.'rb;roro

rpy6onpono.r.a;

2

-

HHsrNe

ofiopbr;

3.-4av6rr

[onyrHoro

o6na.nonasr.ri;

4

-upoexrHurt

orKoc;

5

-

or6oftHrre

uIlirKH

ffi-"

ll lr +

:r-

-F

BuJrcexue

no-

moKo

eudpo-

!1.:

t_39,

HaparqusaHue

orrrox(euurl

rpynra

nprd

nuoHepHo-

T.prloBort

cxeMe

HaMbrEa

(o6pasonaulre

nuouepuor:r

ilpn3-

tun):

4

-

pa3p$i

6

-

naau;

I

-

Enw:r,a HaABo.4.Hofo

nnffxa;

/n

__

ea.no_

xeHl{e

no,qBo.rlHoro

oTKOCa;

JrH

.-

Ha.u.BoAgbrfi

yKnoH;

.In

J

rroaeo,.-

xrtt'I

yr,toH

Pac.

140.

Cxeua

yKpen_JreHun

6epera

npurpy3Koft,

uauueae-

uofi

no

oAuocropounefi

c:ieue

Havruna

c npyAKoM_orcrofi-

HHKOIT{:

/

-

6eper;

11

-

npurpy3xai

/

-

nepa-uvuax

Aau6a o6na.uenaHua;

2

-

Aau6rt

nonyruoro-

b6sanoBaHu

si

S

-

pacrpeAenr.rre.nrHufi

rpy6o-

npoBoA,

]'trJrorHeHHbrft

sa-

gc:raKaAe;

4

_

crynenvaro

pacnoJroxeH_

urte

c6pocubre

KonoArlbr;

5

-

6oxosah

upnsrraa;

'f

:

npo'"exyrorrHafl

3olra;

7

-

rpana4a

npyAxa

-orcrofinxxa

i-

g

-

na*.rrb,:noe-

f

.a.po;

9

-

rpyao*-orcrofiurr;

.t0

-

cripocnag

rpiba

YI{JIAAbIBAIOT

C

HH3OBICI:I

CTOPOHbI.

BNTNYCKACMAfl

nprn.

HaMbrBe

rHApocMecb

cBo6oAHO

pacreKar3Tce

B

HaIIp

aBJIeHr4H

BepxHero

6leQa,

rrTO

rrpHBOAlaT

K

o6pasoBaHr4ro

rroJrororo

BepxoBoro

orKoca.

Bo_

Aa,

oTAaBruafi

fpyHT,

OTBOAI{TCfl

rro

3eMJrflHbrM

KAHABAM.

IPUHYAI{TC./IbHO

TIYTCM

OTCbITIKI4

IIO-

NYTHO|O

O6SANOE

AHHfl

ilPOQHJIHPYCTCfl

JIHIIIb

HH-

soBori

oTKoC

COOpylKeHr4fl.

llOeronay

raKafl.

cxeNra

HA3bIBACTCfl

HAMbIBOT,I

CO

CBO6OAHbIM

OTKOCOM.

K

ee

npeaMyrqecrBaM

rro

cp.aBHeHHFo

c

Anyx_

CTOPOHHCI?

CXCMOIi

OTHOCflTCfl

MCHbUICC

KOTHI{C-

crBo

rpy6,

orcyrcrBHe

CJrOX{Hbrx

c6pocHux

.ycT_

poficrB

H

yMeHbrxeHae

o6reua

o6'eanoeoqrHbrx

pa6or.

3ry

cxelry

npr4lreHsloT

raKlKe

npu

uaMbrBe

nJror{a-{eft

vt

ocHoBaH'fi

noA

pasrnrrHbre

coopy-

>KeHHfl,

npll

)rr{JraAKe

[ecKa

uJIH

rpaBH'

B

rIITa_

oeJrb,

T.

e.

B

cryrrafix,

KofAa

Heo6xoAHMO

O6ecne_

qHTb

TIOCTOflHCTBO

fPAHYJIOMCTPHIICCKOTO

COCTABA

NO BCCI1

NJIO'IIAAIZ

H

CCIICHI{flM

BO3BOAHMO.O

CO.

opyxeHHfl.

5

7e.

HAMbtB

TPyHTA

nog

Bolqy

floAnoAHafl

qacTb

pycJroBori

urorr4Hbr,

coc-

TABJIflIOXIAfl

3HAqHTCJIbHY'.

AOJIIO

OT

NOJIHO.O

o6teua

coopy)KeHtfr.,

e

nepzoA

BogBeAeHHfi

rrJro_

THHbI

BbrrroJrHgeTcfi

B

OCHOBHOM

B

BI{Ae

nHOHep-

HOr?

npu3Mbr.

llp,

cocpeAororreHHoM

BbrnycKe

rr{Apocl{ecr{

H3

ropr{a

rpy6br

B

BoAy

noA

Hr.rM

o6pasyfir."

or_

rlox{eHHfl

rpyHra

B

BHAe

KoHyca.

fiapiufaBaHHe

KoHyca

noA

BoAor?

rpoucxoAur

rocJrbriHo

B pe_

sy/rbTaTe

nepHOAHqecKofo

cnoJrsaHHf

HaMbrrofo

B

BepxHer?

qacru

rpyHTa

noA

Aert."ur"*

.niro,

,r_

>KecTH

H

nepeMeule:H:afl

cnoJr3arorrlHx

Apyr

3a

ApyfoM

CJTOeB

ro

HeKoTopbiM

[OBepxHocTfM.

oop_

MHpOBaHH,e

KoHyca

npoHcxoAHT

TaKX(e

IIpH

OCaX_

neHapr

qacTHq

fpyHTa

H3

CTpyr{

fHApocl,r-ecv,

AsH_

5

+

165

,,,14\

-

",

/'.

\

/71

\

6\

r.

E.

9r-----s)

,f

,s

.g

r

ll

Psc.

i4l

. Cxeua

nHorrepuo-Topr{oBoro

HaMbrBa

uoKoJrr

N.IIOTHHbI

C fiAPOM:

g-pa3pe3; 6

-nnau;

/

-6asxer;

Z

-o6paruuft

grn.rrrrp;

3

-

nagosag

EHoHepHaff

irp'3Ma;

4

-

repxoaaff

nHoHepHa,

,'p'gMa;

c

-

npoMexyrorrHbte

[HoHr3p_Hbre

flpr{gMbr;

6

_

6oroeafi

rrpHsrvra;

7

-

s.g'po1.

-8^

-

npy4ox-orcr,ofiuur;

9

-

pacnpeAeJrureJrbnb,o

iptOo:

npoBoAbr;

10

-

c6poqrofi

r_o.uoAeq;

I/

-

c6pocuax

rpy6a;

.tZ

-

ono-

pa;

I3--3craKaAal

14-c6poqlofi

KoJroAeq,

pacnoao>i<euHuft

sa

6e-

pery;

/5

-

nporueoSr{nbrpa:qr{oHuue

4uaSparrrru

x(yqeglrr

B

BoAHor?

cpeAe

c

y6brBaroqeft

cKopo-

crbro.

flpn BbrxoAe

r4i3

BoAbr

KoHyc

[peBpanlaeTcfl

B

ycer{eHHbrri

c

Bept(HHM

ocHOBaHHeM

Ha

ee

no-

BepxHocTr{.

flo

uepe

HaMbrBa

yc€rreHHbrft

KoHyc

yLJrHHfl-

eTCfl

B

HaflpaBJIeH]l.Ila

BbIIIyCKa

TLIApOCMeCI,I,

rrTo

BJrer{eT

3a co6orl

odpraeoraHne rrJrflxa

B

BHAe

Bbr-

TflHyTOfO

nOJiysJrJrH[Ca.

B

p$yJrbTaTe

rrocJreAo-

BaTeJrbHOrO

HaparrIHBaHHfl

Tpy6OnpOBOAa

H3 Ha-

MbITbrx

KoHycoB

o6prasyercr nrzoHepHafl

rrpz3Ma.

lloAsoAubrr?

Har\4brB

rraule

Bcero rrpuMeHflror

npH nepeKpbrrr{H

pycJr peK

r{

Bo3BeAeHHH pycJro-

Bbrx

yqacTKoB

3eMJrffHbrx

IIJIOTHH.

o6n.rHo siaMbrB

pycJra peKH (t.

e. HaMbrB

uoKoJrbHoro

flpyca rrJro-

runu)

rporr3BoAflr flocJre

nepeKpbiTHf pycJia

6as-

KeTOM.

3rO

nOSSOJrsr3T

CHH3HTb CKOpOCTb TeqeHHfi

B

peKe

HrrH coBceM nepeKpbrTb

pacxoA

BOAbr

B

pycJre

r{

reM

caMbrM

nPeAornpaTr4rb yHoc

fpyHTa

npH

HaMbIBe.

floAroroBKa

AHa

peKH

nepeA

3aMbrBoM

3a-

KJrroqaeTcfl

B

y6opKe

TorrJrfKoB,

npope3Ke

B He-

t66

o6xoAr.rlrbrx

cryqafl.x

rpasruer?

no

AHy

u

rurpa6

B conpflx{eHnr{

c 6eperaMn,

y6opKe

Hnucrbrx

or-

.noxeunfi.

VxnaAbrBaror rpyHT

no.4

BoAy

rryreM

rrocJreAoBaTe/rbHofc

HaMbrBa

nvloHepHbrx

npH3M,

BbrABHfaeMbrx

B

pycJro

c

oAHofo

HJ|H

o6or4x

6e-

percB.

B saencaMocrH

or

roro,

Bo3BoAr{Tcff

oAHopoA-

Haq IIroTHHa

HJrH

coop]rx{eHl{e

c ffAporu,

rrpHMe-

HflIOT

pa3flHriHbre

cxei\{br HaMbIBa

rrproHepHbrx

npH3M.

B

nepByro

oqepeAb rpyHr

npHl{brBaror

K

6aHxery,

uro6u cHH3HTb

Qa,rrlrpaquro

rrep$

Hero

H

yJro>Kr.rrb

HaH6o"uee

KpynHslfi

nrarepnaJr y

rto-

AorxBbr

orKoca

nJroruHbl.

Ecnn

6auxer

flBJrflercfl

qacTbFc

ApeHalKa

H

Ha

efo

BHyTpeHHer\[

oTKoce

orcbrrraHtr o6parrilrft

Qn"rrtrp

H

sarrruTHafl rtpn-

fpy3Ka, To

rrpHMbtB fp).Hra

K

ApeHax(y

ilpeAo-

xpaHfleT efo

oT

noBpelKAeHHf

npH

ilocJreAyrouer4

HaMbrBe.

3arevr

HaMbrB

BeAyr

B HailpaBJreHHH

or

6asxera,

vto6u

orlKaTb Becb

orMbrBaeuur?

MeJrKo3eM 3a

irpeAeJrbr

npoQn"un

coopyx(e*vfl..

BOSIvIOXCH

OAHOBPCX{CHHIIft HAttAHE

HECKOJIbKHX

nHoHepHbrx

npr43r\,r, KorAa

rpyHT

rroAaroT

He-

cKoJrbKo SeMJrecocHbrx cHapflAoB,

LIJTH

x{e

[ocJre-

AOBaTeJIbHOe

BbIABI{>KeHLIe npH3M

B

pycJIO

rIpLI

pa6ore

oAnoft

ycraHoBKH

fHApoMexaHH3aqHH.

Ha

pHc.

l4l uso6pax{eHa

cxeMa nHoHepHo-

TopIIOBoTO HaMbIBa IIoKOJI.fl nJIoTLIHbI

B

pycJle

C

flApor{.

Ilper

[or,BoAHoM

Har{brBe

BogMox{Ho

or}Karne

r4JrHCTbrX HaHOCOB, HaXOAflIIIHXCfl

Ha

AHe

3aMbIBa-

euofi

aKBaroprlu.

OrxHM

HaHocoB

Bo3MolKeH Tof-

LA,

KOfAa

OHI{

HaXOAfTCfl

B

pbIXJIOM,

riaCTHqHO

BSBeITIeHHOM COCTOflHHH

I,I

He IIpeACTaBJIflIOT

CO-

6ofi

n,rorHbrx

crpyKrypHbrx

HJroB.

Orxuu hJroBbrx

orJro)KeHuri

npoucxoAHT noA

AeftcrBHeM

cu.irbr

Trr-

x{ecrlr

HaMbrrofo

Ha

HJI

rpyHTa.

Vn.norseHHbr,e

HJrbr

yAaercr

yAaJirrb

roJrbKo

c

rrpHMeHeHHeM crrerluaJrbubrx cpeAcrB

(seu"ue-

cocHbIMH

cHapflAaMH,

3eMJIerIepnaTeJIbHbIMH

I\{a-

rrrHHaMH,

IIJTaByqHMH

Aparnafisauli

H

Ap.).

E

80.

HAMbTB

HA,qBO.qHblX COOPy)t{EHHtl

lloArororxa

ocHoBaHl{fl.

HaAeolHsrfi Ha-

MbrB

coopyx<enufi

seAerch

Ha rloAroroBJreHHoe

OCHOBAHUC

V

HAIIHHACTCfl

C

NOHHX<CHHbIX

YqACT.

KoB

c

reM,

qro6ni

BbIpoBHflTb

ocHoBaHHe.

EcrecrseHHoe ocHoBaHHe

Mo)Ker

6rrtr cJrolKe-

HO

pa3AHqHbrMH rpyHraMH

c

pa3HbrMH

Hecyueft

cn o

co 6

H

o crb

ro

r.r

Q

n,n lr

p

a

rIH o

H H

br M H

cBo

r? crB a M H.

3ro

oxagbrBaer

BecbMa cyilrecrBeHHoe

BJTITHHe

r{a rHrr H

KoHcrpyKuHro

npoQra.un

HaMbrBaer\{ofo

coopyx(eHnfl.

flpn

cna6nx

rpyHTax

ocHoBaHr4fi

npHXoAHTCfl

BO3BOAHTb COOpyX{eHHfi

paC[JraCTaH-

HO|O

npoQunr.

B

tex cflyrlaflx, KofAa r\irox(Ho

yAaJrflTb

3aJrefarcune

B ocHoBaHHH c"ua6ue

no-

BepxHocrHbr,e

HJrucrbre crapnqHbre

HJrH

sarop$o-

BaHHbre

fpyHTbr,

a.

TaKX(e TopQ,

Bo3BoAflT coopy-

/A

\

.t0

r8

9bjMe

pacrureJrbHoro

cJrofl

(o6uuHo

Ha

r.rry6nlly

0,5

na)

H

yAaIreHHH

lpyHra,

3acopeHHoro

pacrr4_

reJrbHbrM

MycopoM.

3aulura

ApeHax{a.

B

6onrruuscrBe

cryqaeB

APCHAX(

YCTPAI{BAIOT

IIOCJIC

OKOHqAHHfl

HAI\,IbIBA

coopy)KeHr4fl,,

3a

HCKJTTOqeHHeM

ApeHalKa

p)rc.no_

BbIX

nJIorHH'

BbIIIoJIHJ{eMofo

Ao

HaqaJIa

Hai\{bIBa,

H

q.HylpeHHero

ApeHa)Ka

HaABoAHbrx

coopylKe_

uutl

B raKHX

cryqal{x

ApeHa>K

saulurrraror

or

TIOBPC)I{ACHI4g

H

}AHJIHBAHHfl

OTCbII]KOTT

NCC']AHO-

ro

cJrofl

ToJrrrrHHoft

ao

1,5

n.

llpu

orcblrrKe

rB Bo-

.{y

necoK

a'Io)K^HTCfl

C

J/KJrOHOM,

3aBHCfl[IHM

OT yf_

Jra

ecrecrBeHHoro

ortioca

ero

noA

eoAoft.

no3To-

[ooqepeAHocTH

HaMbrBa

pa3Jir4rrHbrx

yqaCTKOB.

3ro

Aenaror

AJrff

yAo6icrsa

BbrnoJrHeH'fl

MoHTalr{-

Hbrx

H

ApyrHX

rroAforoBnTeJrbHbrx

pa6or

H,

r(lloMe

Toro,

qro6lt

Aarb

BCr314o;lHocrb

ncoqepeAHoro

fl

p

eAcra

B JIeHI{fl

<<OTAb,IXa

>>

q

a

crfl

[,I

.

Ha

M

bIB

a

ervl

of o

COOP}>K.EHI,Ifl

NPI,I

BbICOKOII

HHTCHCHBHOCTI.I

HZIMbI-

2a

H npH

HaMbrBe

coopyx{eHHs

H3

MeJrKHx,

oco_

6euno

rJruHacrsrx,

rpyuron.

flpu <<orAbrxe>

'(npo-

craueauua)

Hauurlrfi

rpyHT-

o6eseoxHea,:ics

(noeepxnocrb

Aerrpeccua

nbnuxaercn)

H

yn.rror-

HflCTCfi.

flnuua

Kapr

HaMbr]la

saBHcHr

or cpeAHert

uu-

pHHbI

HzMbIBzreMOfO

CrtOpyX{eHr4s

H HHTeHCHBHO-

CTH HAMbIBA.

fl,.rrrauy

Kaprbr

HaMbrBa

npeABapr4TeJrbHo

rrpu-

HHr\{aFor

no

ra6n.

17 nnu

oilpeAeJrflror

r.rs

Bbrpa-

X{CHHg:

2-3

2-4

2-5

O6eanonaHr,re

npn

HaMbrBe.

Hapyx<Hbre

or_

Kocbr

Har,rbrBael{or-o

coopyx{eHnr

Qopnrupyror

c

noMoulbrc

Aau6

o6eanoe

aHHfl

-

[epBurrHblx,

or_

cbI[aeMbIX

npH

IIoAroroBKe

KapTbI,

I,I

norlyrflblx,

)'cTpaHBaeMbrx

B

npoqecce

HaMbrBa.

!,ann6sr

nepBHqHoro

o6eaJroBaHr.rfl

orcbrrraror

B

npoQn.rre

coopyx{eHHfl,,

ec,'ru

fpyHT,

HcnoJrb3ye_

tvlulE

nln

vx ycrpoficrBa,

coorB€TcrByer

HaMbrB-

HoMy.

fpyHr

AJrfl

AaM6

lro>xer

6urn

sssr

Hs

oc_

HOBAHHfl

VJILI

T]PHBC3CH;

HHO|AA

AJifl

BO3BCACHHfi

nepBnrrHoro

o6earoeatLrfl,

HaMbrBaror

pe3epBbr

rpyHTa

s6nusv

coopylKeHtfl,

HrrH

Ha

ero

ocnoBa_

HkrH.

t{acro

rlepBHrrHoe

o6earoBaHHe

ycrpar{BaFOT

r43 rpyHTOB

Bcr{pbrrupr

ocHoBaH[fl.,

KOTOpbre

r43_3a

HH3Koro

KarrecrBa

He

Mofyr

6urt yJrox{eHbr

B

co_

opyx(eHae.

B erolr

cryqae

4alr6tr

orcbrnarcr

sa

npeAe"nan,rn

npoQvrnrfl.,

ilpurreM

,1ann6y

c Hlrsoeoft

cropoHbr

B

AaJrbuerhueu

y6nparor.

Pasueptl

Aau6

[epBur{Horo

o6eaJioBaHufl

3a_

BricflT

or r"rry6HHbr

BoAbr,

SanoJrHqroqerl

KapTy

B

saqa,unHsrft

[epuoA

HarlibrBa.

Bo

Bcex

cflyqaflx

npeBbrrueHue

rpe6Ha

Aau6

HaA

HauBbrcur.rM

ro-

pusoHroM

BoAbr_npHHuN{arcr

paBHbrM

0,b

n,t.

llpu

Bbrcore

Aau6rr

2

ru

urupaHa

ee noBepxy

AoJrx(Ha

cocraBrrflTb

I

*i

yKJroH

Hapyx(Horo

orKoca

l:1,

BHyrpeHHero

-

1:1,5.

flpn

rny6aHe

BoAu

Ha

Kap-

Tax

HaMlrea

6onee

1,5

u

Aau6tr

nepBurrHoro

o-6-

BaJroBaHHF_ paccqfiTbrBaroT

KaK

BOAOyAepx(ilBaIo-

lIIHe

coopyx{eHHfi

H

OTcbrnaroT

c

ynJroTHeHHeM.

flonyruoe

o6earoBaHHe

BbrnoJrHsror

rr3

iiy"-

Ta,

HaMbrroro

e

6oxoebre

nprd3r\.rbr

coopy>KeHns.

Pnc.

142.

Cxenna

pa6orul

o6saroeare.nq

O[IM_2M:

^l-nepnuvHoe

o6saaosanae;

2_nouyrHoe

o6sarosanue;

J_nu-

HHfl

OTKOCa

coopy)KeHHfl

Ta6nuqa

lT

flpoHssoAHrenbHocrb

3eMnecocHoro

cHapfAa

no

ao4e,

u3/v

.(.nuxa

Kaprbr

HaMbIBar

M

r{uc.rto

goAoc6poc-

Hbrx

xonoAqeB

I

000

3 000

5 000

t0

000

75-200

r50-300

200-400

250-500

,Q

L1q

=:

bh,

'

rAe

Q-

npou3BoAulfeJrbHocrb

3eMJrecoclroro

cHapflAa

no rpyHry,

l,r3/cyrxu;

b-

cpe4Hflfl

irrupr{Ha

rrJrornHbr,

M;

fu-

3aAaHHaf

HHTeHcHBHocrb

Har\,rb,rBa.

M

f

cyrxu.

llocne

3Tofo

AJrHr{'y

Kaprbr yrorrHflror

c reM,

qro6tr

Becb

QpoHr

Hat\4brBa

oKasaJrcn pas6urbrM

Ha

paBHoBeJrHKHe

yriacTKH.

(325)

t67

.TaMU,

KOTOpbre

AOJrx(Hbr

yKJraAbrBaTbcfl

Ha

yrl_

JIOTHCHHbIfI

TPYHT,

OTI(OCbI

NPH

NJIAHHPOBI(C

CJIE-

AY,CT

YTIJIOTHflT'b

LWIH

CPCSATb

PbIXJIbII?

rPYHT

06-

BaJroBaHHg,

trogT0My

Aann6u

qacrHqH

o HJtvl

nonHo-

crbro

BbrHocflT

3a r{oH.ryp

coopy}KeHafl.

Bonpoc

o

pa3Mepax

BbrHecenuofi

qacra

fionyrHoro

o6eaJo-

BaHHfr'

yAaJIeHIIH

v,nH

ytlJIorHeHHH

pblxJrofo

cJrofl

Ha

oTKOCe

peuaeTcfl

npH

npoeKrHpoB

aHHH

rJro_

TIzHbI

unu

n

aw6at.

Bncora

o6eanonalrjr

paBHa

l,2S_l,b

u;

uH_

pLr.Ha

noBepxy

0,5--0,2

M;

3aJrox{eHae

oT,KocoB

l:

I

-

l:1.5.

B

npyaxe-orcrofiH'Ke

BoAa

MeAJreHHo

rerrel

K

c6pocHoMy

r{oJro4qy,

nprr

oroM

MeJrKHe

rBepAbre

rracr'rlbr

rpyHra

oceAaror

Ha

AHo

ilpyAKa.

tioiri_

rrrafi

rracrb

BoAu

c6pacunaercff

uefes

c6pocnrie

#J""ffi?,"

ffi ;

il,i

:'*"#:

#f

Tff

ffi

:

t

fi

t i'

I I

cra

rIJrorHHbI,

a

HeKoropafl

qacrt

eoArr

eu,rrmpy_

ercfl

n

6oxoerre

np'3Msi,

ycanaBaff

nor,oxr,

xoto_

PbIC

HAYT

B

OCHOBAHHC

IIJIOTHHbI

H

K

BHCIIIHI4M

orKocaM

(pruc.

l4B).

Ecr,ecrneHHo,

rrro

He

rrpn

BcflKoM

pex{rl

Me

HaMbrBa

6yler

[por4

cxo

AE"tu

orrHcaHHafl

KapTuHa

ABH>KeHHfl

BOAII

B

TeJre

Ha_

n4lreaeMorl

rrJroTr.rHbr.

Tax,

npr4

0qeHb

50.nrurax

yAeJrbHbrx

pacxoAax

BoAbr

npH

HaMbrBe

KpHBafl

Ae_

IIPCCCHI4

MO)KCT

3HAqHTCJIbHO

IIOAHflTb

Ci

U EHI:ITH

Ha

HapyxHufi

orKoc.

Toqxa

[epeceqeuun

xpunori

Aenpecc*H

C

noBepxHocrbro

BHerxHero

orKoca

Ha-

SblBaercg

roqrcoit

BbLCQ.LLrBAHufl.

To.rxu

BbrcaqH-

BaHHfl.

o6pasyror

JrHHHro

no

ilpocrapaHuro

orKo_

ca'

Koropaff

Ha3brBaercfl

ttunuefi

B-blc,qusaHufl.

llonepxHocrb

orKoca,

pac[oJrox(eHHafl

Hrz)Ke

JTHHHH

BbIcar{HB

aHHr.,

HasblBaercn

o6ttecrbro

BbL-

caqugaHUn.

Paccuorpuu

cJreAyroque

rpu

cxeMbr

QH"rrt_

TparIHH

nplr

HaMbrBe

Ha

BoAOHenpoHuqaeMoM

oc_

HoBaHHi.r

(perc.

144,

a,

6,

e)

.

B

nepnori

cxeMe

npnHflTo,

rrro

KpHBafl

Ae_

lpeccHH

Harir4Ha,eTcfi

oT

JTHHHH

ype3a

npyAr{a_

OTCtOfigHKA

H

CHHX{AflCb

HACT

K

BHCIIIHCMY

OTKO-

cy.

,IIznLrLr

roKa

raKlKe

Lrnyr

K

BHerrrHeMy

orr{ocy.

Bo

eropolt

cxeu,e

aHTeHcr.rBHocrb

HaMbrBa

6o.nee

3HaqHTeJIbHa'

Il

HHx{Hflff

rlacrb

orKoca

oKa3brBaer-

cfl

BoAoHacbIuIeHHofi,

xpunas

Aenpe

ccr4l

orxoAHT

or

noBepxHocrH

orKoca

B

ToqKe,

paclloJroxeuHoii

HeMHoro

Bbrrrre

ypoBHfi

B

npyAKe.

B

eroM

cJryqae

rracrb

Qn"rrrrpar{HoHHOfo

noroKa

ycrpeMrqercfi

K

BHerrTHeMy

orKocy,

a

qacrb

_

B

rrpyAor(

orcroli-

HHK.

B

rperrefi

cx,eue

BoAa

uHsuniipaunrr

a

Bo_

ra

u3

npyAr(a-orcrorisHKa

ycrpeMJrflercfl

K

BHerrr-

HeMy

oTr{ocy.

llpu

saAaHHofi

reorexHuKe

(usnecrHoM

crpo_

CHHH'

MOIIIHOCTLT

U

COCTANC)

OCHOBAHHfl

TIJIOTHHbI

-

llpa pa6ore

o6eiaroeare.,Tfl

orcbrnaeMbre

AaM_

6u

secxoJrbKo

BbrABnraroTcff

sa

npo$H/rb

coopy-

x(eHHfl,

HO

npH

nocJeAyroxIHX

npoxoAKax

Marrru_

Hbr

3Ta pbrxJrafl

orcbrnKa

cpe3aercfl

Ao

HeMbrroro

fpyHTa

H

rrepeHocHTcrr

HaBepx,

B

cJreAyrorrlHe

flpy_

ctr

o6ea

JroBaHHfl.

Kapru

HaMbIBa

F,a3Ae,rqroTcrr

Aavr6amg nole-

p

erlHofo

o 6e

a,Toe

aHr4;.fl..

s

8t.

PAGIPEEEJ|EHHE

BO[Hbtx

noToKOB

NPH

HAMbIBE

TIJIIOTHH;

BOIOCEPOCHb|E

COOpy]ttEHHs

u

hx

pAcrtEr

Ilyrn

H

pex{r{Mbl

BoA,Hbrx

rroroKoB

rrpH

Ha-

MbrBe.

fuApocuecr,

BbrreKas

Hs

pacnpeAeJrH_

reJrbHoro

rpy6onpoBoAa,

pacTeKaercr

no

nonepx_

HOCTH

HAMbIBA

H

OTKJIAAbIBACT

TBCPAbIE

IIACTHUIJ

rro

HaMbrBaeMoMy

orKocy.

flpn

creKaHHH

tBoAbr

no

oTKocy

qacTb

ee npocariHBaeTcfl

rlepe3

IlOpbr

)')Ne

HaMbrroro

rpyHTa

H noA

Aer?crBnevr cuJrbr

Trx(ecrn

crpeMnrcfl

llBararbcfl

BHH3.

BoeHHKarc_

IIII4C

CONPOTHBJICHIZfl

IiPH

ABH}KCHHH

MOIYT

3ZICTA-

BHTb

sOAy

pacnpeAeJrflrbcf

Ha

HecKoJrbKo

rroTo-

KOB:

BHH3 B

OCHOBaHIIe

IJIOTHHbI,

eCJrI4

OHO BO,4O-

rrpoHHqaeMo,

B

cTopoHy

BHeIUHero

oTKOCa

H

ri

npyAKy-orctoriuHKy.

168

PHc.

143.

cxeua

ABr.rt{eH'fl

BoAHbrx

[oToKoB

B

TeJre

MbrBaeMofo

coopyxeHHfl

Ha-

d=0

a<0

a>0

BHCHMOCTbIO

,r:!+,

rAe kp--

xoeQSuqHeHr

QanlrparIHH;

irorHaq

njrou{aAb

ceqeHHfi

|pyHT'OBOTO

a

:

k&i.

(328)

Pnc.

144.

Cxentr

(a,

6,

a)

Qu.rlsrpaquu

npH

HaMbrBe

Ha

BOAOHenpoHHrIaeMoM

ocHo_

BAHHH:

I^-

xp,uyan

renpeccua; 2

-

nolaca

ra.u,pocMecx;

J

-

o6.nacra

un@unlrpaqxa

Kar

BHrHo

Lts

npraBeAeHHbrx

AaHHbrx,

Ko3O_

Qnquegr

Qn"rrltpaquu

BHarii,rreJlbHo

cH'lr(aercr

AJrfl

MeJTKHX

IrecKoB.

llpraeeleuHbre

3HaqeHHfl

Ko3SQHrIHeHra

Qra.rru_

TpaI{HH

flBJlrrorcfl

opHeHTHpoBorIHbIMH,

loroMv

IITO

OHH

3ABHCflT

OT

QOPMbI

(CTCNCHU

OKATAHHO-

CTH)

I{ACTHII,

MHHCPAJIO|HqCCKO|O

COCTABA

H

TCK-

cryP_br

HaMbrrofo

fpyHra.

Ho

xoeS$raqneHr

QunlrpaUun

sHarr2reJrbHo

Brrafler

reKcrypa

HaMbrroro

rpyHra.

KoeQQnuu-

eHr

Qa.rrbrparluu

HaMbrrofo

rpyHra

uo

npocrnpa_

HHIO

(Vtnu

naAeHr{ro)

uaunrrrx

cJroeB'60nlue,

:eM

B

nepneHAHKyJrfipHoM

K

Hr{M

HanpaBJreHHH.

3ro

ceoftcreo

Ha3brBaercfl,

aHugorponHocrbn

Ha_

JrtbLrblx

epUHroB.

KoeQqHrIHeHr

Slrnlrpaqr{H

npa

ABH)KCHHLI

BOAbI

BAOJIb

HAMbITbIX

NJIACTOB

HMCCT

MaKCLIMaJIbHOe

3HarreHHe,

a

B

nepneHAHKyJrsp_

HOM

K HHM

HanpaBJreHHr4

-

MHHHMaJrbHoe.

Oruoueune

/:

fttu*"

ft$'"

(32e)

Ha3brBaercx

xoa$QuqueHroM

aHn3orponun.

Cpe4nee

3HarreHue..

KosQQr{rtlresia

Qn.rrlrpa-

IJHH

nrrfl,

aHa3orponuorl

cpeAbr

6epercn

KaK

cpeA_

Hee

reoMeTpHrlecKoe

H3

MaKcHMaJrbHofo

H

MHHH_

MA/IbHOTO

SHA'IEHHfI

(330)

flpH

perreHr4u

Bonpocoe

cyQSosHH

H KorrbMa-

"r'a\Hpr

npHxo4urcfl

yqarbrBarb

He

cKopocrt

QH.us_

TPAI{HH,

A

ACfiCTBHTCJIbHYIO

CKOPOCTb

ABH)KCHHfl

BoAbr

B

nopucrorl

cpeae.

AertcreureJrbuyro

cKopocrb

HaxoAflr

H3

Bbrpa-

X{CHHfl

(331)

169

(326)

@opnry"ua (328)

Bbrpaxaer

saKon

!,apr:u.

B

6onturHscrBe

HaMbrBHbrx

frJroTHH,

ocHoB-

Hbry.

MarepHaJroM

KoTopbr.x

cJryx{HT

MeJrKosepHH-

crur?

necoK,

$untrpaqnn

noAqnHflercr

3ar(oHy

Iapcn.

AJrq

oAHopoAHbxx

no

KpyrrHocrr{

KBapl.eBbrx

ICCI{OB

OPHCHTHPOBOTqHO

MOX(HO

NPHHHMATb

CJIC-

Ayroune

3HarreHnr

xoaQQuqueHroB

Qu.ntrpaqnn

B

3aBHCHNTOCTH

OT pa:lMepa

qacTHrl.

Paeuep

qaoTrr1-

MM

2

2-l

1-0,5

0,5:0, 25

0,25-0,

I

0,1-0,05

0,05-0

,01

12

A.

n.

IOSnn

Kbessuqaenr

Sunsrpaquir,

u/cyrr<u

399,5

310,9

229,6

56,8

8,9

0,6

0,2

a

tt

--

"A-

s

Юфин А.П. Гидромеханизация

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.