Назад
9
      , -
      
, ;

    ,    
;
     
    ,  
;
     , 
       
;
      
.
      
,   ,  
.
. 1.  ()
10
     
      
,     (). 
       
. 
       
 .     
   ,  
     ,
,       .  
      
, .
1.3 
       60- 
 .   
      
: . . , . . , . . , . .
, . . , . . , . . , . . 
 . ,   ,   
   90- ,      
. 
 )  ,  
,       
     ,  
. .
     
   :   
   ; 
 ;     ;
  ;   
  ;  ,  
. 
, , , 
      .  
:
1.   .   
    ,  
  .  ,  
11
     
 ().
2.  .    
)      
   . 
       
.
3. .
   ,   
, .
4.  .    
    . 
  ,   
.
5.  .     
      
. 
.
6.  .     
  ,   
.      , 
.
7.  .     -
 ,     
 (  ,   
, .).
8.     .   
    
   ,     
  ,    
.
 (. 2).
    ,   
 ,     , 
.
       
        
,      .  
, , :
;
;
12
;
;
.
. 2. 

  ,    
 .  ,    
, :
;
;
     
;
   
;

;
 ,    
;
13
     
 ().
,      
      ,  
     -
.       
      
.
      , 
      
      
 ,  , ,
, , 

.
, 
     . 
    ,     
 ,        ()
  .   
       
,    , 
 ()    
. .
 ,     
,    .  ,
   ,   
 , , ,  
.
 ,       
, . 

.      ,  
 ,     ,
 ,    
    ,  
.
    

. 
   CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design / Computer
Aided Manufacturing)   CAE (Computer Aided Engineering), 
14
      
PDM (Product Data Management).    
, . 2.
      
.       , 
.
,    ,  
   CAD/CAM, CAE PDM.   
CIMdata, Daratech, Gartner-Group, Dataquest  .  
 CAD/CAM-, CAE-
PDM-,     .  
 
  .    
      ,
,  .  
.
,      
,      , 
,    ,  
. , 
        
.
      
,      .
      , 
, 
, .
        
    . 
     , 
     . 
        (
)     ,
, , 
 (
  ),      
.
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2.    

2.1 CAD/CAM-
    CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design /
Computer Aided Manufacturing)   
.       -
 ”?
      
      
     ,
    -
 . ,  
,  CAD-.
 CAD-     
   
,  2D (”) . CAD-
,       
,  3D (”) . , 
CAD-,  3D-.
    
,      ,
      
  . ,   , 
.     
 ,    ,   
  ,  CAD- 
.
CAD/CAM-  ,  
     
       
. , 
       ,   
      
. , 
      , 
.
16
   
     
.     CAD/CAM-

,    ,
       (. 3). 
,         
  .   ,
     ,  
.
. 3. 
 ,  3D-, -
 ,  . 
.
1.     ”, 
     
.
2.         ,
        
 ,  , 
.
3.       
 (),      
. 
17
    , 
.
,   3D- 
. :
       
;
      
  ,      
;

.
    
     
  .  
   : ,  
,  (. 4).
) ) )
. 4. : ) ;
) ; ) 
  (), 
.
     
 ,    , 
  .      
    , 
.
    ,   
: ; ; ; -
; ; 
       ;
18
NURBS-,    
; .
     ,   
, 
   .   
.
    ,   -
. 
        . 
 , 
.
      ,
     
.     
,    .   
, , 
. 
 ,    .    
, .
,     ,  :
  (   
  );   (
     ); ; ;
;    ..    
. , 
   "  ,
, 
  .    
   ,    
 ,   , 
, .
   
      
 .       (,
 )     
  .  , 
,    . ,
     
  ,  ,  
.
    
       .