Walker J.M. The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003

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The Elizabeth Icon,

1603–2003

Julia M. Walker

THE ELIZABETH ICON, 1603–2003

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsoe - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-24

Other publications by this author:

MEDUSA’S MIRRORS: SPENSER, SHAKESPEARE, MILTON AND THE

METAMORPHOSIS OF THE FEMALE SELF

DISSING ELIZABETH: NEGATIVE REPRESENTATIONS OF GLORIANA (ed.)

MILTON AND THE IDEA OF WOMAN (ed.)

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsoe - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-24

The Elizabeth Icon:

1603–2003

Julia M. Walker

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsoe - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-24

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Walker, Julia M., 1951–

The Elizabeth icon, 1603–2003 / Julia M. Walker.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1–4039–1199–1

1. Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 1533–1603––Public opinion.

2. Great Britain––History––Elizabeth, 1558–1603––Historiography. 3.

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 1533–1603––In literature. 4. Elizabeth I,

Queen of England, 1533–1603––In art. 5. National characteristics,

British, in literature. 6. National characteristics, British––History. 7.

English literature––History and criticism. 8. Great Britain––In art. 9.

Queens in literature. 10. Queens in art. I. Title.

DA355.W335 2003

942.05'5'092––dc22 2003062673

10987654321

13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04

Printed and bound in Great Britain by

Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsoe - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-24

For Mary Ann and Sarah

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

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10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

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Contents

List of Illustrations ix

Acknowledgements xi

Introduction: History of an Icon in the Public Space of Memory 1

1603–1620: The Shadow of the Rainbow 6

Memory as a public sphere: making an Elizabeth icon 10

c.1606: tombs and wombs in Westminster Abbey 13

c.1620: London parish church Elizabeth memorials 34

1620–1660: The Shadow of Divine Right 49

Elizabeth as an icon of monarchy 49

c.1622: the Spanish Match and the ghost of Gloriana 57

c.1650: what Milton didn’t say 71

1660–1837: The Shadow of a Golden Age 85

Restoring without re-empowering 85

c.1680: King Elizabeth and the Pope 93

c.1695: Gloriana and the Glorious Revolution 102

c.1700: the generic secret life 104

c.1740: Britannia, Jacobites, and the Jews 113

c.1812: once more onto the beach … 116

1837–1910: The Shadow of a Paternalistic Queenship 123

Elizabeth and Victoria – a power packaged by a title 123

c.1867: a domestic empire: monarchy and the biscuit tin 126

c.1885: the Pre-Raphaelites colonize Elizabeth 140

1910–1953: The Shadow of History 152

Elizabeth and the Suffrage Campaign 152

c.1880: Gloriana, the Suffragists’ utopia 159

c.1908: one banner in the history of the world 166

An icon for the Great War and the second Armada 171

c.1915: ships, spies, cabbages, and queens 171

c.1940: iterations of “Armada” 177

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

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1953–2003: The Shadows of Modern Imagination 182

A second Elizabeth ascends the throne 182

c.1977: The Virgin in the Garden 182

Elizabeth in film: a celluloid canon 185

c.1998: Cate as Elizabeth first, icon last 188

The selling of Gloriana in the agora and the arcade 193

c.2003: the Celbriduck and the eBay scholar 198

Conclusion: The Shadow of an Icon:

the BBC’s Most-admired Britons 201

Notes 210

Index 227

viii The Elizabeth Icon, 1603–2003

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

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List of Illustrations

1. The Tombs of Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots,

plate 39 from “Westminster Abbey,” engraved by Thomas

Sutherland, pub. by Rudolph Ackermann (1764–1834) 1811

(aquatint) by Frederick Mackenzie (c.1788–1854) (after).

2. “Truth Presents the Queen with a Lance,” Thomas Cecil,

c.1622. Reproduced courtesy of the British Museum 64

3. An Allegorical Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I in Old Age.

Courtesy of the Methuen Collection, Corsham Court. The

credit is the official description of the painting rendered in

accordance with permission to reproduce the work.

The more commonly used title of the work is “Queen

Elizabeth with Time and Death.” Recent scholarship,

however, places the date nearer 1622 and suggests that

the artist is Marcus Gheeraerts 65

4. Queen Elizabeth: The Armada Portrait. Attributed to

George Gower, c.1588. By the kind permission of the

Marquess of Tavistock and the Trustees of the Bedford

the Bedford Estates 67

5. “Queen Elizabeth at Tilbury;” print by William Darton,

1822 121

6. Princess Alexandra in her boudoir at Sandringham.

Moss Rimmington and Co., c.1868. Collection of

the author 127

7. Queen Elizabeth at Tilbury. Huntley and Palmer, 1878.

Collection of the author 129

8. Queen Elizabeth’s State Entry into London,

Rowntree & Co. Ltd, c.1910–30. Collection of the author 130

9(a). Queen Elizabeth with Shakespeare and Drake, Rowntree’s

Elect Cocoa. Collection of the author 132

9(b). and Queen Victoria with her Prime Ministers, Rowntree’s

Elect Cocoa. Collection of the author 132

10. Carrs Biscuit Tin with Queen Elizabeth on cover,

Mary Stuart, Francis Drake and others on sides.

Collection of the author 133

10.1057/9780230288836 - The Elizabeth Icon, 1603-2003, Julia M. Walker

Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsoe - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-24