Возницкий И.В. Судовые двигатели внутреннего сгорания (конструкция, теория эксплуатация)
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no-
TeDH
Moulnocrlt
u
npo*u,,y,ounofr
nep6aave
or
AeIlrareJr
x
rpe6-
;"ri ;;il;;;*"
'r":t'
ro
npx
vciauoa-H:91Y:1^{::*,'""n
"vo-
"a' ti l-
f'(np"Mafl
nepeaaqa)
'
AonxHbt
cytuecroooarr'
paBencrBa
rrnexay
uo"""iou
conpoitloleHlrt
BflHTa
I{
Kpyrtl{l{M
MoMeHTOM
IBHTATEJI'
M"-
Me
C'
n2
(l
l7)
n MexAy
nor.nou{aeuofi
B}IHToM
Mol{Hocrb}o
II
Nlolquocrblo
aBI{-
TATEJIfl
N
"--
N
':
C"nz'
( 118)
Tarnu
o6paaou,
npu
HenocpeacrBennofi
n!!-",{u-u."^--youlHocrn
(npquo;
coeiunenlte
ngflrarers
c
rpe6HHM
BLHToM
)
-fia-rp'v3Ka
aBIt-
iaiel"
no MoulHocrt{
fi
MoMeHTy
o4iosnanno
orpeaeJltercs
efo
qac-
rorofi npaqenxr
n
u.nu
cxopoirrn
cyAHa^
o'
nocKgl-fy..]Ipr
HeH3-
'MeHHblx
ycnoBlitx
nJIaBaHI.rfl
ttJtsz:ntinz'
oTuoaa'
ec''In
-H-eo6xo'd[vo
yBenHqHTb cKopocrb
"
"
pua,'to
"o
ironoxo
xe
pas
4oaxna
6urr
noBbl
IeHa
qacrora
BPaUeHua
rpe6noro
BIrHra
rl
ryI111:1"'
^
"o'
""a"-"r'*apa,l",'
rlo>i<er
6u,rs'[ocrnrnyro
flyreM
yBentl-qenllf,
Kpy'
rqulero
MoL,ieHra aBllrarerq
n
x'
pas
uJll'
MoIIIHOCTH
B
f
pa3'
334
.)
-
!):rc.
195.
Brttttooue
xaparreptcttxl
3agxcuvocrn
(ll7) tt
(ll8),
o[peaeJtroune
BEHroByro
xapaKre'
rrcflrxy,
npe,rcrai,rar6r
co6ofi
KBaiparHyro
(pHc.
195,
a)
n xy6nle-
:xyn (pnc. 195, 6) napa6oau.
B npaxraxe
Hcno.tlb3oBaHI{t
BtrHToBbIx
xapaKTepHcruK
qacro
obl-
:aer y,io6no
saMeisrt
xpyrrunft
uouesr
M,
na nponopuxosanb'
roe
elry cpeaHee
gQSeKf
BHOe
AaBJ'IeHHe
pe.
npaBoMepuocrb
raKoft
ra
MeHbl
BblTeKaeT
3
CJIeAylOUefO:
M,:716,2+,
uo
N,:CPeni,
rofaa
M,:716,2cp'a'i:csP,.
(r
le)
llpn
n,rasaunn cyaua
l cnoxofiHyb
noroAy
n
npu noluofi
oca5,'
ae
Bce
Pexl-|Mbt
pa6oru
qerrareJlf
oT
t?usr
ao
nr
aoJ'lxHbl
yKnaAH'
:3rbcfi
Ha xapaKTepHcTHKy
lpr:Const,
KoTopat
npn rlplrHtrblx
na'
ra\rerDax
rDe6Hom
BHHTa
npu
rlx- flxottr B
ToqKe
1 nepeceKaercf,
c
-ireurriefi
uor,lrsa.nruofi
xapaxrepncrnxofi
TP"ou
(cM. puc.
195).
flpn
H:raeueunu
nocrynn
BHHTa, a 3To
Moxer
Merb Mecro
nplt
-rueHeHHH
conpoTnBneHfit
aBHxeHr{ro
cyaHa,
BLHTOBaq
XapaKTepl{c'
-,rxa
neHger cBoH
noJloxeHxe
n BHA.
TaK,
npll
yBeJIHqeHH
conpo'
-
1ts.1eHXt
BCneACTB}le
yBerI.'lqeHrq ocaaKH
cyaHa,
ycHreHHq BcTpeqHoro
:.;pa
s".,ru BorHeHHt,
6yrcxpoexn, o6pacranua
xopnyca
cKopocrb
:-i;rlieHgq cyaga
r{ [ocrynb
aEHTa
naAalor,
Ko9QQHIIHeHT
MoMeH?a
';
Bo3pdcTd€T r.i no3roMy
rpe6nofi
ouur npH
rex
xe o6oporax
no'
.:ruraCr
66,rrutxfi
Kpyrqulufi
uouesr. BunroBaq
xapaKTep[cr[(a'
,rrBercrByrouaI HoBoMy
3HaqeHHI,O
nocryn[
]"pr:const,
na
rpaQu'
.:
pacno,raraeTcfl
,'IeBee
xapaKTepI.IcTltK[ fpl.
I( no,u,o6ttouy
rsuene'
..!o
np[BoAriT
TaKxe
yrsxeJIeHIre
rpe6Horo
snura
(yae,nnveuue ura-
:
ro
orHoueHuq
l//D),
nosrovy
raKat xapaKTepscrBKa
qacro
Ha-
:i
3aeTcs
xapaKTepr.IcTlrKofi
<Tsxerloro' Bfi HTa.
ii
t'JD
t:
);.
i
I
flpn
pa6ore
aBlttarent
B
ycnoBlttx
BenoaBux<-
Horo
cy.{Ea
(na
uroaprosax)
?.e.:
ffi:g
s xs'
erpQu4ueur MoMeHra
I(e
aocrHraer
MaKcHMyMa.
flosrouy
B arux
ycJoBtltx rpe6uoft
B H?
IIorJlo'
u1aer
nau6orrutufr
MoMeIrr
u coorBercrBylol.uat
Br.rHTOBafl XapaxTepr.IcTHxa
(lup-)
B
ceMeficTBe
npeacraBneHHbrx
.Ha
pHc.
195
xapaKrepucruK
3a-
nauaer rpaftnee
JIeBoe
noJloxeHEe.
flpn
yueruueuHH conpornBJIeHHI,lLBHxeHHro
cyaHa,
qro
Moxer HMerb
Mecro
nPH HaJlIlqHa
no-
A5 AO t0
-
n
nyrHoro Berpa
vltr.
BcJIeAcTBH€
yMeHr'rreHHF
ocaAKI.t
(n,raoaHHe
B
oanJracre),
cKopocrb
ABH-
Phc.
196.
l,lsueHe-
xeHlrq cyAHa H
nocTynb BHHTa
Bo3pacraloT,
KO9Q-
T:^^^-:"p"Tfll?: Qsuueur-
MoMeHra
yMenbuaerct I'I Bl.IHroBat
xa-
i'#""'i"0"6'ljo
paKrep[craKa, coorBercrBypulat
HoBoMy
3naqe-
eittorotr
xapaxre- HHIo
nocrynn l,pa:const
pac[oloxflTcq nPaBee Ir
pncrrKe
HIIXe
XapaKTepHcTuKH
cBoooAHoro
xola
B
rpy3y
lpr:const.
Xapaxrepucruxa
lpr:oonst
Mo)I(er
6blrb floryqega
H
npI-I
ycTaHoBKe BITHTa
c
MaJlblM
lrlaroBblM
oTHoI[eHIeM'
a
nosToMy
oHa
Ha3blBaercq
xapaKTepucrHKofi
(!'IerKoro>
BI.IHTa.
flpn
pa6ore
.4wtiarora
B
ycnoBHqx <JlerKofi.> xapaKTepllcrtlKg
3a-
rDvSKa ofo
oKa3blBaercg
3HatIHTerbHo
MeHbul€E,
qeM
B
npeablAyulHx
"'n'v"r"*.
B vacruocra,,tlJlfl
no.llAepxaHl.lt
ttouuua,rluofi
qactottt
Bpaurenur
(cr'r.
ro'rxy
2,
pnc.
195)
or
aBntareJlt
norpeoybrct
3lla-
q[Te,'IbHo
MeHbrxle
Moulnocrb
H cpeaHee
etpQexrranoe JlaBJIeHHe.
HsueHenne
napaMerpoB
,4gHrareJlq
npn
pa6ore no BflHToBofi
xa-
paKTepHcrl{xe
noxa3aHo
na
pHc.
196.
'
flipexon
c
pexllMoB no.nuux
uarpysoK
K- MarblM
(lra,nue xola)
ocyueaTBnrerct
[yreM
coKpaueHEq uixJtosofr
noaaqH
TonJlIlBa.
no-
aaqa
Bo3Ayxa
Typ6oKoMnpeccoPaMH
c
yMe-HbueHneM
Harpy3Klr
r{
qac'
roru
raxie
yMeHbuaercs,
uo- a-uenluefi
crerleuu.
floerouy
xostp'
QHUHeHT
rrg6HtXa
BO3AyXa
4:6;;
yBenlrqllBaerct'
9ro
Bneger
3a
co6oft
pocr
HIIAI{KaropHoro
K|IA
It cHHxeBIle
pacxoAa
ronrnBa
s,. VaerriHf,
366eKTIIBHblft
pacxo.tl'
ronnHBa
g€
B
cBn3l't
c
yMenbue'
-nlreu
qr"r nosbliuaerCq.
Hau6oaee
gKoHoMttqHat
Pa6ora
Aaurarens
o6ecnequsaercs,
KaK
3To
BItaHo
It3
pxc' 196,
g
o6lactx
(
0,75-
I
)
n""'.
I
'Vr'lerriureHse
uarpy3Kll
I{
coKPaIqeHHe
gq
rIpHBoAHT
K naAeHIIlo
TeMneparypbr
BblnyciHblx
ra3oB
H
Ma(c[MaJlbuoro
aaBJIeHur
uux'14'
TaruJ o6fasou,
r'en'nonaq
H
MexanfiqecKaf,
Hanpnxenuocrb
'uBgrare'
.ns
n o6,nacln
Ma"'lblx
Harpy3oK
H
cKoPocreft
Meubue'
qeM
nplt
no"'I'
Hblx
/&,
7AL
HX
cyr
NJIi
BO;
BC(
UH
PEA
cya
xul
lt3 l
n
E
T'
I
I
TO
no
CK
cli
9U
30
0
l:
t
I,
i
I
lfi
3oo
FI
L
s
60.
cosl EcTHAt
PAEoTA
rnAtH9fo
ASHtArEnt
h TPE6HO|O
ghHTA
B cyaorux
gHepreruqecKqx
ycralloBKax
c
uenocpeacrrenrofi
nc'
pelaqefi
Moultlocru na
rpe6noft
BI.IHT rraBHblfr
ABurareJlb,
Kopfiyc
cyaHa
u BuET
cocraBJltlor
e4uHufi
nsauuocBt3aHublft
KoMnreKc'
pe-
xuu
pa6oru Koroporo
onpeaentercs
ycnoBl{sMlt
pa6oru xax.4oro
H3
BXOA'UInX
B HerO
gJreMeHTOB.
Buflroaue ,apaftTepucru,cu
e
saeucurtocru
or tueuflux
lKcnJrga'
Tdquonvbtx tparciopoa
ustleHntorctt
s
uupoKux
npedetax.
.Il,uanason
rx r3MeHenus
orpaHlr:IxBaerctl
pa6oroii ar:ura
npu
HerIo.[BIlxHoM
cyane
-
Ha urnaproBax
(xapaxreptcrlra
lpu,
cM.
plc.
195)
n
npn
nraBaHHH nopoxHeM, c
qKcrbIM
KopnycoM
Ir
oTcyTcTBIrH
BeTpa
L
BoJIHeH
fi
(xapaxrepuctnxa
l'p").
Bruroaue
xapaKTepl.IcrHKll
,uJls
BCeX
UEbrX,
BO3MOXHbIX
S aXCnlyarauntt,
cryLlaeB
pa6orbl BxHTa
3a-
HIMaIOT npOMeX(yTOqE0e
noJloxeHI{e.
Orcpaa no;re
Harpy3oK,
3aAaBaeMbtx
r,Bqrarero
rpe6nHu
nnn'
rou,
Ha rpa$me
(cu.
pnc.
195)
voxer 6urr npe4crae,neHo
B Bn.[e
norbcu, sixnpqeHiofi
extry
iapaxrepacuxar'.r
i
lup-
u I1n.
IIo-
cKonbKy
Kaxablfi
ABlrrarenl
o6.naaaer
oflpeaeJleHurnMu
sHepreruqe'
.
CKHMI{
Bo3MoxuocrtMt{,
To
aJ'It
BblqBreHtln
o6ractu
gog!{oxlttix
g
3KcrrryararlfiH
pexHMoB
ero
pa6orH B
paccMarpHBaeMoe
none
Harpy-
:ox ueo6xoAuuo
BHecrn coorBercrBylout-re
orpaHuqeHss.
Orpanrruenue
no
MoulHocrH H cpeaueuy
eQ-
rf exrusHoruy
.[aBJIeIInro
B
o6ueM cnyqae Moxer
6l{rs sa-
.iano
s sri.u,e
sireunefi
MaKcIiManLHoii
HJlu 3arpaAlTenrnofi
(uo
ron-
nHBHoMy
sacocy)
xapaKrepucruru
?P*"n".
OrpaHHqeHnfi
no cNopocrHoMy
pexHMy
onPeAe'
ntloTcr
peryntTopHoir xapaxrepncruxofi-
Rr
npe.qe,nlHoir
uacroru
apauleHni, o6u.rHo
salaradvofi
n""*":163070
fl'roM H
lll.lHHMaJIbHo
yc-
rrifi'rHsofi
.racroroil
BparqeHlIfl
n*rrnx 20+30ofo
nnow.
flepe.rnc,rennue
xapaKTepI{cruKu
orpanttuurant
o6aacls
(pnc,
197),
a upelelax
Koropofi Bo3MoxHa
pa6ora
ABl'irarerq.
Hs rupaxeunfi
p":Ag
\"
n Ne:Ct
gq
la
ni
BIraHo,
tlro
pa3BItBa-
eMbre
aBHrareJIeM
cpeAHee
SQOeKTUBHOe
AaBJleHHe
Ir
MOITIHOCTb
B
xaxAoM
KoHKpeTHoM
CJlyqae
3aBI.ICflT OT
Kor'luqecTBa
noil'aBaeMoro
B
uunuH.u,pbr
ronruBa
-
qHKroBofi
nora{ir
gq:I((IP)
qr.
Ilt'tx,norar
noaa{a, B
cBolo
oqepeAb,
3aaaercfl
nn6o
HenocpeacrBeunblM
Bo3-
:efiirsteM
Ea
ronrusHue
HacocIJ
nyreM
ycrauoBxl.I
ron,nuauofi
pyro-
rrKr.r
B coorBercrByloqee
QHxurponauuoe
no'{oxeHHe
(aBBfarenl{'
y
Koropbrx perynqrop
qacrorn
Bpal{eHan
pa6oraer rro
fipeaenbnofi
cxeue), ;ru6o
qepe3
BcepextlMttHfi
peryaxrop.
B
nepaou
cJlyqae,
npu tfnxcupoeauun
?P, o6aact
pe)KuMoB
ABU'
rareJrfi
otpaHri{EBaeTcq
cooTBeTcTByIOqer
saaaHHoMy nor'IoxeHr'Ip
IP
qacrn'rHofi
riax
sHeuHefi
xaparrepucruxofi
-
PexHMt'I
AorxBu
)
K,laAUBarbCr
Ha 3Ty
Xapaxrep[cTlrKy,
B ro
xe BpeMr,
Harpy3Ka u
Molrlnocrb
ABl.Irarerq
3aAaPTct
rPe6HHM
pttHroM
tl
uPs
onPe,qeneBHHx
ycroBuqx
InaBaHIrt
pexHM
q9r
Pex
Nex
)pt
Apz
)pt
fPcx
fPa,t
nduH
nHul
70
t00
nx
^.
Pnc. 197.
PexxMH
coBMecrHofi
pa6otu r,raauoro
aorrarer'rl
u rpe6uoro
Dsrtra
rptl
pa6ore
peryaaropa
.tacrorbl
BpaqeHHt
lro
npe(e'lbllol]
cxeMe
i
I
I
pa6oru
aeHrarerq
Aorx(eH
coorBercrBoBarb
onpe4e'leuuofi
BHHToBofi
x a
p
a KTe
p
r.IcTI.IKe,
'Pase'Hcrso
uoulHocrefi
M"-Nu
aocrnraercq
B
ro'{Ke
nepeceqe-
Hl,rq
qacrrqHofr
tt
s[Htosoii
xapaKreplcrllK
(rouxa I Ha
puc.
197);
gTa
roqKa
onpeaeJlter
u
ycraHoaaaurufrct
pexnM
pa6ortr
ABurarerq'
a
paccuarpueaeMoM npxMepe
pexl]M rIoJIHoro
xoAa
Ha
HoMLHaJbHoii
MoutHocrlt
h npll
HoMIrHaJlbsofi
qacrore
BpaqeHlg
IIpn
neo6xoanuocrn
cHHxeHKt
cKopocrH
xo-
,(a
CyaHa
qacrora
BpaureHfifl
yMeHbuaercs
nyreM
nepecranoBKu
ron.nHsnoft
pyKotrKu s
ionoe
no,'loxeHne.
3ro
noBJleqer
aa
co6ofi
nepexoa
,{Blrrareln
c
nxeuueil
Houllsa,rssofi
xaparrepncruxn
TP"*
Ha HOBylo
qacrliqHylo
xapaKTepHcrI.rKy'
B
qacrHblx
cryqa9x
cooTBeT-
crryolou]yolo
noJ'IoxeHIt!o
ron.n[sHoii
pyKotrKll B
no3HIl].lH
TP''*
vnr
TPi",
nbeblfr
pexlrM-
ycra HoBlrrcs
B
roqKe
nepeceqeufit
3ToiI
xapaK-
TEOHCTHKH
C BHHTOBOH.
'
Ec.nn
agrrare,ts
pa6oraer Ha
pexuMe noJIHoro
xoaa
arHTerbHoe
BpeMt,
To
3TO
He O3HaqaeT,
qro
ero
MolllHocrb
H
rlacToTa
BpauleHl.It
secb
gror
nepnoa
ocrarorct
Hell3MenHbIMH.
B
AeficraHrerslrocrn
Ha
De)KHM nBHraTeJ'I9
BalltqlOT
HeIIpepbIBHO
MeHglOUlHeCf,
yCJIoBIlt IIi'la-
iauxn
(eHeu:nee
ycnoele), K
KoropblM
ornocqrcl
cllna
Berpa'
Bon-
HeHHt,
ocaAKa
cyAua
K npoqne
QaKTopbI,
oflpeae!'Ill]oulne
ero
conpo-
THBTeHHe H,
cJIeAoBareJIbHo,
Kpyrx3Hy
BHHToBofi
xapaKTepHcrl.lKl.I'
flpu
veernqeHl.lt
conporl.tBJleHl{g
xapaKTepl.rcr}IKa
BIHTa
yxoAHT
BJIe-
so. n'Dn
clt
xen"u
(nbnyrsufi
eerep)
-
snpaeo'
'n'on
pa6ore
peryrqropa
qacrorti
BpauleHHq
no ri
p"a"rtttofi
cxeMe'
ecJll.l
pyKotrKa
ynpaBJleHnt 'u.Bllra'
TereM He
nepecraBlqerct,
To
IP
ocraerct
HeH3MeHHblM'
a Il3MeHe-
HKe
pexHMa
ABufarert
npI-I
H3MeHeHEH
ycroB[ft
IIJIaBaHht
nponcxo-
o""'""totut"uecK[.
TaK,-
ecJII.i
BHHToBas
xaPaKTepl.lcruKa
yxoalrr
338
TPnqxc
l'let
tottl
re
.:
ICrz
lBa
rPel
tPa
IH
loc
P.l
rP!
il(
!rr
tll
Lll
FI
6t
ll
f>
l9
s
GO
I,
't
f
A
;.
=-tltFq!::?--
B.reBo, B o6nacrb
6onee
(tqxeJloro>
BnHTa'
To
pexnu
ABnrarent
t3
;;;
1
i.".
pot..
197)
nepeuellaercn
no
xaparrepr.rcruxe
7P".':
-const
ab
neiecevennn
c
HoBofr
Bl.lHroBoft
xapaKTePucr[Itofi
B To'I-
xe 2- flon
o6,lerqeHl{ft
sHsra
Hosrifr
pexuM
aua'nornuHuu
o6pasou
.cranap,ltlgaetcs
s
roqre
3.
flpu
srov
qacrora
-BpaueHnt
BaJIa
.rBnrareJlt
MeHflerct:
s
toqxe
2
n2<nL
a
B ToqKe
3
'3>nl'
B To xe
upa""
Onuaoa"pt
Hell3Mennocrll
?P
uuKroBat
noaaqa
ronrnBa
co-
,pu""atc"
npairuuecxu
raKxe
HeI.I3MeHHofi'
'npn
ynpau,leuHn ABIlf
arereM
qepes
Bcepe-
xruirufi
-perylatop
qacrorbl
Bpan-(eHllq
c
MecrHoro
nocra
vnpau.i,enna
u.trn
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