Возницкий И.В. Судовые двигатели внутреннего сгорания (конструкция, теория эксплуатация)

F'l

rroryKoJtrraqKoBoro rslla. B

A8urar€nqx

tuna

K-GF

u L-GF

xpunrxa

I

Taxxe

BHnoJIHeHa nolyxonnaqKoBoro

rana, uo

npeacran.rlaer co6ofi

F

craJlbHylo

KoBaHyIo

nnI.ITy c BbITotIKofi

Ars

KaMepbI

cfopaHHt.

llpH

i

3TOM

BepXHnfl

qacrb

ulirlHApoeofi

nry.nxu H

ra3oBblft crblK

nepeKpH-

!

Barorcg nopuHeM

npu ero

noloxeHut

g

BMT,

qro

o6ecneulbaer

aQ-

I

QexrnaHoe

cHuxeHLIe

repMllqecKlrx

H

MexaHI.IqecKI'lx

Harpy3oK

Ha

A

nepxuroro

uacrr

aryJrKri h

nogBonser orKa3arbct

or cBepneHl.Ifi B

AHHIrle

1

noplxHfl

Ans

ycraHoBKI.I

pbtMoB

x KpenJleHltfl

noA6eMHoro

npucnoco6ne-

i

:nus.

Ens,

xHaeHc[Q[KauIr

oxJlaxAentt

B

onHeBoM

aHtllqe

KpbItxKIt

ir

rrpocBepneHbr

parlraJlbHble KaHaJlbI

AJIfi

oxJraxraoueft

Boilbl, a

n

I

KDvtoBoM 6vpre

xDuurxu

-

TaHreHulaJlbHble

KaHaJlbl,

no,u,ooHble

Ka-

q

niirarrr

so

$,ianueiofi

qacrn

BTyJIXH.

l4aes' raxoit

KoHcrpyKulll.r

3a-

t

KJIIOqaeTCfl

B

ynpaBnenxu

iypoBHqMu

repMl.IqecKlrx

Il

MexaHHqecKI{x

1

HanpfixeHufi

nisis[cflMo

lpir

or

apyra.

Bc.nelcrsue

6.nuaxoro

pac-

i

IIoJIo)KeHllt

oxnaxAalou[x

I(aHaJIoB K

orHeBofi noBepxHocrH

TeMne--

i

parypHHe nepefla,u,H

KoHqeHTpltpyloTct

Mexly KaHanaMIi H

orHeBoft t

noBepx[ocrblo

KpbIurKIt, a reMneparypa

ocHos ofi

Maccbl

KpbIIxl<I,

oc-

t

raeriR

npu6rusure,nuro

nocrosiHofi-

fi^ TepMltqecrue

HanprxeHrn

n

I

Hefi oxaeirearorcr

He3narrnreJrbHblur.t.

CytllecreeHno

cHnxeHbl

H

Me-

t

MexaHlrgM .qBI.IxeHlIt.

Koncrpyxqnn

nopaza.e

nperepne.na\

!i

Hecr(orbKo

MoAepnr3aqlrfi.

B

arl3e"rtx

runa

K-EF, K-GF

tl L-GF

\ I'

[pHMqHeHa

HoBat KoHcrpyKulq.

forosxa

H3roroBJIeHa

ns xapoynop-

|

]

nbii

r'.roJfl6aenosoft

cra.nr. Cn.[a

aaereHuq

ta3oB

or

AHI.Iqa

rtop[IHn

I

vepes crarlnofi

qnnElrap

nePeaaercg

Henocpe.[crBeHHo

uroxy

[op^u-

lP

'

nr, a

qllnl,tnapnqecl(at

qacrb

toroBKg 3HaqI.ITeJIbHO

pa3rpyxeHa.

JTo

l:]

..

no3BoJlH.rro

yroHllrb

creHKu

ll[ul.IH.4p[qecKofi

rlacrn

roJIoBKI.I,

a rorr-

I

!

"

utrr.tHy

,u,Hrir{a

coxpaHl.ITb

npHMepHo

TaKoL xe,

KaK Ha

LBatareJl"*

l.! t,-

rfina VT2BF.

fotoBKa

nopuHfl

yl(penJleua Ha uroKe c

noMourb]o

xo:

I.ie ..5

porKofi

ro6Ku

LI

ynpyroro

xo,nrua.

Ox,raxAalouee

MacJIo c

6o,rluofi

ili 1

ixopocruo

nocrynaer

Bo

BHyrpeHHI,olo

nepH$epxfiuyo

noJlocrb

nopu'J

t

Ht,

3areM OMHBaer

AHIiI{e

U OTBOATTCq

nO Tpyoe

B uroKe

r

t

-.t

XaHIiqeCKIte

HanpqxeHtt

3a

CqeT

BbIIIOJIHeHI.I'I

KpL'lIllKI'I B

BI{Ae

nO-

-'!

KoBKu.

ii

noprlHr.

3naqtnelurue

u3MeHeHI.lt

BHeceHr,I TaKxe

B

KoucrpyKll'l,lto

ftpefiqoon4rtro?o

ggnai yBenwreHa xecr(ocrb

nolepeqltHbl;

npHMeHe-

Hrr

Kpefr[KorrQHble

noilullnBl'lra

c acHMMerputlHofi

x(ecrKocrblo

3a

cqer

BbrnoJrHeHua

napyxttoft

Ir BHyrpeHHefi

creHoK

Koplyca

noaullll-

Hura Das,ruqHoti

TonuIH,BH,

qto

o6ecneqngaer

KoMlleHcaqurc

[3fn6a

qan0

Kpefi[KonQa

no4 narpysxofi

ynpyrofr

'qeQopMaunefr

no/luun-

t{ur6g

d

paauouepnoe

pacnpeaeneHle

yAenbnEx

aaBneHlrfi

BAonb

ocu

noaIuI.IrIHl.IKa;

yBen[qeHo oTHoIleHI{e

paAnyca

KpI{BouHna

K

AJI'fi'

He

IIIaTyHa'

rITO

IO3BOJ'IHIO

yBeJHqUT['

yrOJI

KarlaHnt

UaTyHa'

yrno-

Byro cKopocTb

noa[ILInHIKa

OTHOCUTeJIT,HO

UanQbI

U

ytyquliTb

ycr'Io'

Bnt cMa3Kfi;

UepoxoBaTocTb

rIoBepxHocrI.I

uan(p aoBe,4eHa

ao

BblcoKoro

Klracca,

qTo

aocTnraercfl

ux

florl.IpoBKofi;

[oalrHnH]tKl.I

3ar'II{T6I

KaA-

MHeSbfi,{

6a66nroM,

r.IMeloqllM

6o.rIee

sblcoxfifi

npeAel

ycralocrn. B

aE

tareJrtx

runa

K-GF

npI'IMeHeHH

XpeftIlKonoHhle

IIoAtrIl[llI{Kt.I

co

craJrbr{blMr

rouKocreIIHEIMI.I

BKJIaablIIIaMI'I.

flpnueneuue

BKrar'bluleft

t

l

{

.t

o6ecreq[tsaer rrpocrory ux 3aMeHbr, cHuxeHue sarpar BpeMeHH

I{

cpeAcrB

,Ha

peMoHr.

B

Agtrareagx

pauneft

nocrpoilKu

cocraBEbre

ftpuaoaunbt Ko.\efl-

qaroeo

Baut [MeroT cBepneEnt B

u,eKax,

paMoBlrx

ruefiKax r,r KpuBo-

uunnofi

urefire. B

.qrserqx

rnna

K-GF

npltMeHeubr nonlicocraBuble

KpuBoruunH KoJreHqaroro saJa. Paruogue

[refixu

n

qexu

caepneufi

He rrMeror, a oceBbre cBepJeHus

pasHoro

.qrraMeTPa

B

KpllBou]rrrHblx

uefrxax

o6ecne'rr.rBarcr

ypaBHoBeueHnocrb

aBllrarerg

6es

npauene-

Hrrg

nporrrBoBecoo.

[.na

no.nnoro HrH

qacruqHoro

ypaBHoBellnBanl.rfi

Bcex cBo6o,qHl,rx c[lJr rr MoMeHroB B He(oropblx cryqatx

fipeAycMar-

puBaror

nporr.rBoBecbr Ha xpefiuxouQax r.rJrrr MexaHHBM

ypaBHoBeun-

BaHnr, nprrBoanMufi or

pacnpe,4eJrrrreJrbt{oto

BaJIa. CMaBKa B

paMo-

Bbre noaurr{nHuKn rroABoar{Tcs rro orae,lbH[rM

nar',py6xau

or

o6lqefi

Marllcrpanfi. C

nouoqun

reJrecrofla

MacJro

noaBoAxTcn

x rpefiq-

Ko[Qy, fAe noroK MacJra

pa3AeJrrercr

Ha

ABa:

oanH nocrynaer

no

uroKy Ha

oxrax.qeHr.re

nopIIIHt, a

Apyrofi

-

ua cuasxy xpefi{-

xonQuux

rroarrl-InHllKoB r.r no cBepJIeHHro B

IaryHe

-

Ha cMa3Ky

KpIiBOITIHTTHOTO nOAtI TIIHHKa.

Mexagugu

r

a

s o

p

a c

Ir

p

e

r

e n e

n

u

r.

B

rBllrareJlfix

nep-

sofi

creneHr

$opcHponxl

nprrMeHrrlt

aBa

pac[pe.{,enflreJlbHblx

aa\,ra:

oauH

anfi

npnBoAa

mnJrrrBHLrx

HacocoB,

apyrofi

-

arq

nplBoAa

BbI-

nycr{Hbrx

xJranaHoB. Ha'ruHaq c

asararerefi

mna VT2BF,

fipelycMar-

pnBaercf,

odun

pacnpe}eturenbHbtfi, eat.

[w,

o6ecneuewr

perepca

KyraqHbre uaii6u npraoaa

THB,{

nueIor

orpnqarelnnufi npoQn,ns.

B

4ourarearx

rnna

K-GF

peBepcnpoBaHte

cocraBnoro

pacnpeae,ru-

TerbHofo

Bana

ocyqecrBJrrercfi npu noMoullr f HApaBJI[qecKoro to-

nacTHoro cepBoMoTopa.

AJrfi

yMeHbrrIeHHf

Maccbr

aBl-lxyq

xcfi

qac-

refi x,nanannoro

nprrBoAa cHllxeHris rrryMlrocru ero

pa6or

etca-

HuqecKutT flpltBoa BblnycKHbrx

KnanaHoB 3aMeHeH eudpaS,xuqectut4,

fuapan,ruuecxurl

npuBoa

rrosBor'rlrr raK)Ke ng6asHtr,cq

m

6oxosblx

yct-r,rrft,

reficrsyrcu]Ix

Ha

LIToK K,'IanaHa,

qro

yMeEbuJItJIo

I.I3Hoc luro-

Ka

.tl

nanpaBrsrouefi

BTynKu.

TonJrusHaq anttaparypa. B

asxrareasx

rnna

K-GF

THBA

ruepr scacusaoufifi

KJrarraH H orceqHble oKHa Bo BryJrKe.

,[lr

pery,rupoeaHnr

yHra

oflepexeHllfl

noAaqu ronJrHBa rrpeaycMar-

pnBaercr

Ha6op npoxlaAoK MexAy ropuoM

BTynxI.I

u

rpuurroil

ua-

coca.

Otttocrterrno

ue6orbuaq roJIUlfiHa

I(pIIIIJKIT

[nnl.Inrpa,

ee

r.rHTeHcHBHOe OXJraxAeH[e n

yryqrneHHbrfi

KoHTaKT

uex4y xpuurxofi

u rpopcynr<ofr

no3BoJrr.rJrn npflMenrirr,

Koporrr.re

lerxne

tpopcgarcu 6es

c

ne

uua Jlbnoti cucre

fl

u ox./larcd

e

flun,

,[n:eru

rfnpruu

MAH,

Hau6oarruee

pacnpocrpaneHne

Ha

Mop-

cKnx

cyAax

nonytr[rr.r

aBr.rrareJr]r

r:rmna

KZ

c

xourypuofi

oaHocropon-

nefi cxeuoir ra3oo6Mena.

.II,,rn

ycrpaueuzr

rrorepu Bo3Ayuuoro 3apr-

aa

n ocynlecrBJrenun

aQQexruanofo HaMyBa 3a

BbInycKHbIMn

oKHa-

ME

ycraHaBJIIrBanE Bparqaouriecr 3otorltlru, I{MeBur.ie o6u1rlfr npu-

BoJt or l{oneHqarofo

Ba,'Ia, Bc,'le4crrne ux HeAocramqHo naAexnofi

pa6oru

Qrpr'.ra

or HIrx orxa3anacb, a

norept sapqaa

6ura

ycrpa-

qeHa

3a cqeT

rrcrroJrb3oBaHls

(ra3oA[uaM[qecKoro

3aTBopa> nepeA

BbrrrycKHbrMr.r o(HaMH, co3AaBaeMoro

r.rMnyJrbcoM

.4aBneHl|tr

ra3oB,

r77

Prc, ll9. Ilonepe{-

xHt

p83p€

aBsrare,nt

KSZ

lo5/r80-A

.'

I

i-':'

:,..

'I

Har u nocteaotsarenbHo-[apaJlreJrbHaf

cHcreMH

flaAAyBa, Bo scex

cncreMax

ga,4.qytsa

ncnonb3ylor noalloplxHeBLre

nolocru

pa6orux

uu'

nfiHApoB,

qro

o6ecneqr.rBaer

ycroficliByro

pa6ory

ABl.Irarert

{ra

Bcex

Dexl,IMax,

-

B Hacrosuee

npeur cepufiuo

BbrnycKaor

,qBrirarert

runa

KSZ-A

t

(pnc.

119).

.Il,aurare.nu

uaaoo6oporuHe,

rlByxraKrHbIe,

Kpefi((onQ:

HHe, C HaAAyBOM

npr{ nOCTOffHHOM

AaBneHItr

fa3OB

nepe.[ ryponHofi. I

B

Asurarerax

noc.neAnefi uogenu

nodnopwHeabte nooocrtt fle

uc-

,

nonbsgtoTcn, Ho npeaycMoTp€Ha

ycraHoBKa

Bc[oMoraTeJIbHOro

qeHT-

'

po6exnoro

KoMnpeccopa c

3JIeKTponpl{BoAoM.

XapaKTepHHe

xoucr-

'

bvxrnsgue oco6eisocr-rlVauuue

noDllrHfl noAKpenneHo

noAarartsutttlt

(

iriopa"u

xe-crKocrr

e

.ina

praafl'$,raHeu

lrinnIIApoBoft

ory;rrcx u

)

nepeMHqKH

[poAyBoqHblx

n

BbInyCKHblx

oKoH ox.4axAa]0Tcfi;

HI|xHts

)

noiosuHa

xpdftqionQnoro

no,qu;nHuKa

crnorrlHat, THB.{

.riayxn.ryH-

(

,l(EDHHC.

-Ha

6age

,[,r3e,'reil

rnra

(SZ-A

pa:pa6oraqbl n nponcxoAtr ltc-

rrbrraHu{ aHgereft

rnna

KSZ-B.

AsceJr

rfupxu

<3yarqep>.

Ma.loo6oporuue,

aByxra(rnbre,

rpefiu,KondHue

Aal{fa

reJlx

rtna

RD

IrMeIor KonrypHylo

cxeMy ra3o-

o6MeHa l-t-

uuny,nrcHufi

rasoryp6ulHufi

ua4,4ys.

Bropofi cryneHblo

HaAAyBa tBJrrorcs

no,qnop

lloBbre flonocrH

pa6oq[x

uatHHApoB.

.II,rr

yclpanenur

nmepn

3aptaa

Ha BbIIIycKe

ycratoBneHbl

Bpalqa'

toru[ecfl 3acJIoHKIl.

r B

ar{seasx

rlrna

RND

fi

RND-M

ant

ynpoueHl.Ifl

KoHcrpyKIlHI'I

1.

n noBbtllleHr.rt

HaaexHocTlt

SbLnacKHbte

SaclxotlKu

He npu

enaloTcn.

t

Ha,q,u,vs

ocvuecrBJlrercs

npH IIocroqHHoM

AaBJIeHHI.I

ra3oB flepea ryp-

i

6xHofi.,llgrirareJui

r]Ina'RND-M

6u.nn co3,[aHbI

ua 6ase ceplfinux

.qnge.nefi

runa

'RND.

Onn

nuepr

6olee coBep[eHHylo

KoHcrpyKIIHto

66Jbruyro

(na

l50/o)

MottlHocrb.

XaparrepHne

oco6essocrx

KoncrpyK-

uHlr ,u.u3eJrefi

rr.tna

RND-M

(pxc.

120) :

'ueruHas

KoHcrpyKllus

(pbtlx-

RH

qr{nnHApa

co

cBePreHHtMtl

Ant ulrpKyngu[H

oxrax,{anuefi

Bo-

Abr;

yBenlqeHnafl

ToJIuIHHa

OaaHqa

unlrulponofi

rryaru co

cBepne-

srsvn.uas

oxnax,4alouefi

ro,qu;

Qopcynxx

6es so.u.gHofl

py6au-rr<l;

,HOBar

KOHCTpyKllaf,

nopllr'Ht; aKKyMyJlf,TopHat

clrcTeMa

cMa3Ka

BepxHefi

qacru

qu,nulrapoeoft

ery.nxn; cMa3Ka

Kpefi[XonQHblx

rr

KPHBOIIIHNHOTO

NOATIIIIIIHI{KA

OCYUIECTBJIfCTCfl

IIOA

AAB'CHIIEM

16 xrc/cu'

(1,6

MIIa);

HoBas

xoHcrpyKqua

xpefiqronQHblx

noil:

utzngltKoB c

aHTHQpI{KII[ottHbIM

cnJlaBoM

Ha arloMl-tHHeBoli

ocHoBe

n

Ap.

,[nsenn

r[upnu S.E,M.T;

HaH6o.nee uupoKoe

flpltMeneHne

Ha Mop-

cKr]x cyaax

nonyqEnu

ausern

flH,'Icrnr

rnna PC.

.Il,onrare.nn

cpeg'

Heo6opornHe,

TpoHKoBbIe,

qerblpexraxTHue,

peBepcnBHue

c

ra3oryp-

6unnn:u

HaaaysbM;

BEn

ycKaorcfl KaK

oaHoptaHble,fq{

4

V-ogq?g-

nrre.

Hau6o,nei

Moiqxuf

tBJlf,ercfi

ABtrareJlb

rnna

PC4

(puc.

121).

Ocroe

assratenfi

npeacraBrfier

co6ofi

xecrxyro Kopo6qarylo

paMy.

floAaecHle

pa

oable

nodwun

utcu Kpenmcfl

AtllHHI*Ml'l

unlrnbKaMu'

no

6oxaru KpblurKa

noAu

nHIlKa

Kperrllrcs

aoIIoJIHI'ITeTbHLIMI'I

l7g

(

{

P{c.

120. no[eDeqHHfi

Da3oe3

aBr{rareJrr

RNDlbs-M

t--_l

!E

D

Pl,lc.

l2l. flonepernufi

pa3p€

ABuarers

nxncrul( PC4

6o.nravr.

Ilunundp cocrot

r

tls

BrynKI.I,

pa3MexreHHofi B

py6a[rKe,

u

uinHHApoBoI

KpbIIltxu.

Py6iuxu

un.lrutt.upoa

on[parorct

cBouM[

(bJIaHIlaMr

Ha

nnllry

pauoi n Kpe[trct

6o,nrauu,

crmuBalonl

MIt KpbIIlrKy,

py6auxy

co

irylxofi

u},rr.lrapa

s

paMy.

Tarlu-

o6pa:olr,

BryJIKa

Iuoxer

6utr

4eirourupoeaua

-sMecre

c

py6arurofi'

Iluprylsqls

oxnaxaaonlef,

Boabr

no

orBepcrltM

e oepxxefi

qacrl.I

BTynKll

o6ecneqraaet

ee

uH-

reHcuBuoe oilaxaeuue.

Vn,norsenue

HIlxHeft

qacrl.I

BTyJtKl'I

l8l

: -qYgi11ofi-

n

paMofi

ocyurecrBnqercf;

cggrernqec(nnn

pe3[HoBlrMu

KOnbuaMH.

bJrarolapr

HaJllrqnro

KorbueBoro

[pocrpa,HcTBa

Mexay

ynJrornrarenbnbrMn

KorbrraMn

soaqHofi

nolocrn

u

Dd.vH vcrpausercs

BO3MO)I{HOCTb

flOflaaaHr.rq

BoIH

B KapTep.

^pbIIxKa IIUnHHApa

lr3 JIempOBaHHOTO

qyryHa

[MeeT npo.

Mexyror{Hoe

aHlrnle,

no3BoJrfl

roqee

nureucurpuqnporair

oxJraxa€Hhe

orHeBofo

Anuua.

B xaxAofr

xpuutxe pasuerqonu

[o

ABa

Brrycxgbrx

I.r

rro

ABa

BbInycKHHx

KJIana,Ha.

Br*nycrHue

KralaFbl

,llueror

6,r,ae,rl_

Hbre Koplyca

c

BoafHbrM

oxJraxAeHueM,

Kpenrulllec,

K Kpbrr

Ke

anr.tHHblMrr

no,[aTJruBriMr,

60r

raMR

c

AECTaHTI

OHHbIUU

rpy6xar,iu,

vro

[o_r_:9-11."

KoM

n eHcHpoB

a rb

y.{"{}rHer*re

KopnycoB

nplr

ni

ilrarperaHnu.

snycKHble

KJ'ranaHH

orAeJrbHbrx

KopnycoB

He rrMeroT,

Hx rHe3Aa

pac_

Torregr'r

B Kpr,rrxKe.

B

leurare,nrx,

pa6oraoqux

Ha

rr)Kenbrx

coprax

TOILIIBa

C BbrcoKIIM

COAep)fiaHHeM

BaHaaEr,

nplIMeHfiIoTCs

BO.4fiHOe

QXJIaXAeHIie

UtoKa

H TapenKl.t

EHByCXHbTX

KnanaHoB;

noaBoa

H oI-

BoA

BoAbt

ocyrlecrBJrrercfi

no

r'6rnv

unaHtaM.

Aan

cuaaxu

x,la_

naHHoro

npt.lBo,lla

npe,irycMolpeHa

aBToHoMHa'

MacJtrtia,

cncrtMa.

C

llopueHb

cocrasHofi,

HMeer

orGeMHoe

craJrbgoe

aHurqe ,r

)TpoHK

t-r3 aJloMl.rHfieBoro

cuaga.

.Ilnnue oxrax,qaercq

MacJroM

3a

l

cqeT ero

B3oa JrTbr

Ba

Hr.tr Bo

BpeMr

pa6oftr

4nnrare,lr.

Macno

non-

i

BoAnrcfi

or

paMoBbrx

rro,qrx[nH[KoB

IIo

cBepreF[rM

B

KpnBorrfiIle,

i

re,'re

aryHa

rl

qepe3

cBepneHfifi

B rroprrrgeBoM

rraJrbue

tl 6o6uuxe

IOpruHfl

nocTyrraeT

B KoJ'rbrleByro

[orocTb

B

3OHe

yrurorH[TeJrbHbrx

lroreq,

a sareM

-

B

noJrocrr,

noA

AHHrqeM.

Ha

nopurne ycrauoBne_

.1

ulr

.rerupe

yurornuTerbHbrx

H

aBa

MacJrocleuuix

xo.rirua.

nga

,,BepxHux

KoJrbua

xpoMl.IpoBaHhr,

a tlx KaHaBK[

AJrt

noBbluerrr4fl

r{3_

Hoco.ycrofi

vnoocr't-r

norBeprHyrbr

HHryKutronnofi

3aKaJrKe.

lt'l

a r

y

Ir br

r.r3

KoBaHofi

cra,rri

HMer,or

H_o6paenoe

ceqesne.

B

re-

ne

[aTyHa

BblcBepJreHr'I

I.Ra

KaHAJta:.

oaltH

-

aJrt

noaBoAa

MacJIa

K

noprxHeBoMy

no.{uxrrHHKy

r.l-,[aJlee

Ha

oxJlaxaeEte

nopnrnn;

4py-

ro[

-

ars

orBoAa

Macna.

HHxHnq

fonoBKa

uraryHa

uueer

roirjrtr

pa35€M,

KpbruKa

KpnBorllrrrHofo

noAurnHnxa

Kpenrirc,

4eyux

6o,r_

TaMU.

ttnraaH[r

noa[rr.rrIHHI{a

roHKocreHnble,

ea,rr.nu

csuriqonucrofi

6pousorl;

no4o6Hue

BKJraAr,ltlH

np[MeHtror

q

B

paMoBbrx

rroArrlurr.

H[Kax.

flo-pulreeoii

noArrnnHuK

npeAcraBnrer

io6ofi

ary.nxy

ue

Qocrpopncrofi

6pousu.

UeJbHoKoBaHbrft KoneHvarb!fi

BaJr

H3

xpououo:ru64euoaofr

craJr.H

EMeer cBepneHltfl

B uJefrKax

H uleKax

Ant

KaHaJl[3aUHH

Mac_

NA.

K

UIEKAM KPI,IBOIIIINOB

IIPfl TIOMOIIIH

COEAH.HCHHtr

TIiNA <JIACTOq.

KI.IH

XBOCT) KpetrflT{t

npm[BoBecbl.

Peaepc- pacflpe.q,e,tt-rre,'roHoro

BaJra

ocyqecrBnrelcfi

3a cqer

efo

_oceBofo

nepeMeueHr.lfi

c noMorlbto

cepBoMmopa.

HaaayB

-

rasoryp6rzunufi,

c nuny.ntcHuv

noAso,q,oM

ra3a

K rvDOHHe.

-';

I

OnJIrrBHbre

Hacocht

3oJIoTHITKOBOTO

Tllna,

c

perynHpoBaHu_

eM.no

Kouuy nolaun;

Qopcyxxn

oxJaxaarorcs

no4ofi.'

Hiruerarelt-

Hbl[

TpyoonpoBo,4

0r Racoca

K

QopcyHKe

BbtnoJrHeH

c

.&sofirrbll4u

CTEHKAMI'.

9acrs BTopat

TEOPh' P.AEOqETO

NPOLIECCA

ABHFATE'}ER

fnasa

X

hAEAtlbHbltl

Ll]4Kn

s

29.

OCHOBHbIE

noHtrht

B

ooHose

pa6oru

ganrare.nefr

.nexar

Qrr3IrKo-xHMIrqecKHe

npo-

qeccH

npeo6pasoBaHHf,

TenJroBofr

eneprnr.r, tsbrae,'IsFqeftcq

npll

cro'

paHtlrr

ronJrnBa, B Mexan[qecKyro

pa6ory.

flo,4aaaeMble

B

quJIItIrAp

TonJrrrBo n Bo3ayx o6pasynr foprcqyn cMecb,

Koropaq

6naroAapt

Bbrcoxofi

TeMneparype

B KoHII,e c)rarHq

caMoBocntaMeHtercfi

Il

cfo-

paer.

,Il,ar.nenue

u reMrreparypa o6pasynqnxca

npoayKroB

cropauur

I.!

UX

TenJrOBat

gHeprut

noBl,ruarorcs. flol

aeftcts',eM

AaBJIeHMR

ra-

soB noprneHb

ABu)x€Tcr

nnns, 6,raro4apR

yBeJ

trfiBaloueMycs

o6'beMy

aaBneHr.re

Il TeMnepaTypa B

q]..rJrr{HApe

cHHxaloTcq

I.I 3Heprufi ra3oB

naaaer, Ho

oaHoBpeMeHHo

pacrer

coBepuaeMar

IIMII

pa6ora.

Taxuv

o6pasou

ts

npoqecce

pacuxpeHnr

r

pa6ouelr

qttJIItHApe

npoucxo4ur

npeo6pasooanue re[noBofi

aHepfnl.r B

MexaH]rqecKyro

pa6ory,

.orAaBaeMyro,[,BHfareJreM

norpe6Hrerro

(fpe6HoMy

Br-tHTy,

reHe-

paropy

n npoure).

C.noxnocrr npoqeccoB, nporeKaouHx B

IlnJruHApax

peaJ'IbHoro

ABflrareJlt,

Hx 3aBltcHMocrb or 6oatuoro

qrjcna

KoHcrpyKTI'IBHblx

H

3rrcrryaraquoH,rlHx

oaKropoB

B t 3BectHofi

fitneH{ sarpy.&Htlo?

pe-

lIIeHne

npaKTIrqeCKfiX 3a,U,aq' CBfl3aHHr'IX

C HX

aHaJIII3OM

paCqeTOM.

floorortry

nprr n3yqenuu reoperraqecKux

ocHoB,{BurareJIefi

paccMar-

puBalor ylrpoqeHHbIe

cxeMH

pa6oqnx

npoqeccoB,

odceAEHteMHx

B

IIH

KN bI.

B

xaqecrae raxofi

ynpouennotl

cxevu,

noasorqouefi

uau6o-

nee

[pocTo oU,eHIlrL CoBepueHCTBO

TenIoBbIx

npoUeccoB U

nOJIyq[Tb

orqerJrr{Boe rpe.{,craBJIeHI.Ie

o

Bo3MoxHbIx

cnocooax

yryqueHl.It

Hc-

noJ'lb30BaHI.Ifl Ten"Iorbl,

nory'IaeMofi

0l

cxHlaHut

B,qBI.IfareJIf,x

rorl-

JrrBa, npHHHMaercq n,[earLubt

fi

(repuo,qaua unuecKxft

)

u]'IKJL

llgeaalrrufi

qrxa.

Sror

uHKr

npe.[craBr'Iqer

co6oii TepMoAIiHaMH-

uecxuft

rpyroaofi npoqecc npeo6paaosaH[g

renrorn a

uexaunuocryo

pa6ory.

B

orrnqre m

AefrcrsateJlHux

pa6oultx

uIlKJIoB,

nporeralo-

uux

B

peanbHbrx

MauSHax,

ycnoBHo

nptHI.IMagTcq,

qTo

B

luAeaJlr"gblx

qnKJrax

oTcyTcTByI,oT

Kaxne-nu6o

noTepa 3HePfxlI,

I(poMe oTAaq}I

TeIrJroTH

XOIOAITOMy

LICIOqHI.IKy.

9ra

nOrepa, coiracHo

BTopoMy 9a-

l8:l

KoHy

repMoAriuaMuKrr,

qBrrerrr

nens6exnofi,

6es Hee 6buro 6H

He-

Bo3MoxHblM

ocyllecrBr{rr,

npeo6paaonaHne

renJrosofi sHepruu B Me.

xauuveoryo

pa6ory.

flpu

paccuorpelu[

raeaJrbnofo

uux"rra

ABC

nplnfiMaror

cJreAy-

nuHe

yIIpouanI],(I-le

aHaJrn3

a0nyuleHufi.

l.

Uux.rr

flporeKaer c nocrorHHo

gaKrroqeuHblM

B

qltnnrlApe

pa-

6oqnrrr

,rtrol'.r

(ra3oM),

KoJrrrrrecrBo n

x,nMu,{ecr<fifi cocrats Koropono

Heu3MeHHbr. Sruu ncxnoqarorc{ H3

paccMorp€Hr.rr

norepu

pa6ouero

Te"la BcteacTBlre

yTerIeK

qepe3

HenJIoTHocTI.I,

HMerclllue

Mecm

B

pe-

alrgofi

uauune,

H

noreplt

gHepflrr.r,

cBfi3al{Hbre c ocyulecrBne}rneM

flpoqeccoB HanoJrHeHHr

uHr'rxH.qpa

cBe](r.rM 3apqaoM

Bo3ayxa n

yaa-

JleHuq H3

Hero

BHIrycrHbIx ta3oB.

2. flpouecc BbrnycKa 3aMeHtercf,

QnxruaHuu

npoqeccoM

orBoAa

TeIIJIOTbI

OT

paooqero

TeJra K XOJIOAHOMy I'CTOTIHIKy.

3.

HeuarrreHHocrl

xliM{qecKoto cocraBa HcKttoqaer

H3

paccMor-

peHr,rfi

npoqeoc cropaHuq co BceMH cBrr3aHHbrMIt

c eno ocyqecTBne-

Hr.reM florepqMu renra.

flpou,ecc cropaulrr

3aMeHrerrq

Quxrnsnuu

fipoueccoM

noABoAa rerrJrortr K

pa6o,reMy

reJry

or

BHetIIHero

ropr-

qefo

ucToqrrtKa.

4. flpoqeccn clKarufl

lr

pacuJupeHr.rrr

nporeKaror

a4ra6arno, 6es

TerrJroo6MeHa

c

oxpyxan[Iefi

cpe4orl. 3ro no3BoJrser

He

yqrrrbrBarb

norept.I TenJIorbI,

r4Meloulle Mecro B

AeficrBHTeJIbHoM

ABrrareJ'Ie

npn

cxarHu

n

pacul-IpeHril-l

pa6ouero

re;ra.

flepevnc,rexxsre

aonyueHr.rfl

,

no3Borqrcute

npeHe6pe,rl

BJIlttnrreM

praa

norepb

gHeprI.IK,

npr.IBoafT K ToMy,

rlro

rroKa3areJlr{

repMoaHHa-

Mr.rqecKoto

rIHKra nonyqaorca 6o.ree BbrcoxrlMx,

qeM

B

peaJbHr,rx

IBHIATCJI'X.

Taran lrAeaJt-rsaIIrR

yc,noanfi

ocyu,ecrBJreHl,tF

pa6ovlrx

npoqeccoB,

KaK yxe

oTMer{a,'rocb,

ynpoqaeT

aHaJIH3-,

Qa

KTopoB,

BJlrrflpu[x

Ha

coBeplrreHcrBo ticnoJrb3oBaHnt

B

aBnra{ahe

ren.nosofr

gHepfnlt;

oAHo-

BpeMeHHo

oHa

no3Borter

paccMarpI.IBarb

TepMo,IlttHaMrqecKllfi

utKrB

KaqecrBe

9raJroHa,

fi

KoropoMy cleayer crpeMuTbcr npr

ocyqecTBr're-

nnn

pa6ovnx

flpoqeccoB

peaJlbHoro

aB[rarerq.

LOBpeMeHHbre cyaoBbre

A[3enn

CTpOnTCt

I.ICKJIbqLITeJILHO

C HaA-

ayBoM

H

no3ToMy

npe,u,cTaBJrrroT

co6ofl xor'l6nuuporannufi

lanra-

re.rl (e

npocrefiueu

rapuaure),

cocrosulufi

u3 noprxHeBoro

ABr.rra-

re.nr,

rasoeofi

Typ6r.rH[r l{ xoM-

I]peccopa.

B

xax4ou

n3

grnx

arperaroB

coBepualolcq

B3ar.rMHo

cBE3aHHbIe

npoqeccbr,

Koropbre

A,Ifl

yAoocrBa

TepMo,IlHHaMrrqecKofo

aHaJII{3a Mo-

ryr

6Hrb

o66e.{nHenbt

s eAr.rHbrfi

r1nrr,

uasusaeuufi

o6o6ures-

HLrM TepMOAUHaMI{qe-

cxuM

rIuKnoM

(p*tc.

122).

PLrc. 122.

O6o6qearui

rrAearbHr,rt

(repMoAnnaMllrecx!f,)

IItIKn

l84r

,Il,aarpauva

sroro

u[KJla,

npeacraBrenHal

B

KoopauHarax

p-y'

cocroltr

Ir3

AByx

nocne!,oBareJlbHblx

yqacrKoB' coorBercrBylolllux

noABoLy

renJla

npll

nocrofiIrHoM

O1'beMe

cz'II

nocroflHHoM

[aBJIeHHH

z'2,

yu.'acrxop, cobTBercrByuq[x

orBoAy

rerlJlorr'I

npu

nocroslrnoM

o6riue

ba

u nocmrHnoM

.qaBJleHl'lu

a4': v

rByx

yqacrKoB

arv'a6ar's'

qecKoro

[3Me[eHLIq

cocrotntlfi

pa6ouero

reJIa:

cxarl.Ifl

4'c

fi

pacuu-

pesvs zb.

flepe.rnc.neuuble

npoqeccbt

ocyqecrBJlfilorcr

s c,ne'4yroueft

noc-

JIE,[OB ATEJI

bHOCTIi :

cxaue

pa6ouero re,na

(ngea.nlHoro ra3a)

B

npoqecce

ac'

B

pe'

3vJrbraTe

xoloporo

noBblualoTct

aaBJIeHI.Ie

It TeMrIepaTypa

ra3a;

'

MrHoaexnuit

noABoa

renJ'lorbl

x

pa6overuy reny

npu

noJIoxeHI.Iu

nopr[Hrl B

BMT-npouecc

cz',

t

p,eeym'rate

Koropofo

nolhl[ralorcq

aa-BreHue

u

reMneparypa

ra:a,

a

o6telr

ocraerct

llocrotlHHblM;

flocreneHHHfr

noABoa renJlorbt

x

pa6o'reuy reJly'

conpoBoxAalo-

qnfict

oaHoBpeMeHHbIM

efo

pacuupeHueM

npll

aBI{xeHI{I{

nopuHt

or BMT

x

HlrnT,

-

upoqecc

z'2,

npll

KoropoM

aaB'leHI.Ie

fa3a

cox-

DaHqercg

He[3MeHHbIM,

a

o6teu

I.I

TeMneparypa

yBelltquBalorct

i

pacu[peHxe pa6ouero

reJa B npo[ecce

zb

n

pesyturate

Koro'

Doro

coBep[raercf

MexaHn'{ecKaq

pa6ora;

oTBO,U,

te[JIoTt'I

ot

pa6ouero

TeJla

npfi

HeL3MeHHOM

OoAeMe'

com-

BercrBylorleM

noro)Kenllto

nopulHfi

B HMT'

-

npouecc

'a'

B xoae

Kmopo;o aaBreHHe

naaaer

Ao

aaBJIeHufi

oKpyxaKlul'efi

cpeAH

pMrlt;

oino4

rennoru

npll

trocmflHnoM

AaBJIeHHI'I

B

HarIaJle

Bocxoiltlqe-

ro

xoaa

nopuHt

or

HMT

-

[Pouecc

4d'.

Ilorasaierr

rAeaJlbHoto

qIlKJla.

3roHouHqsoctl

UHKJIa

xaDaKTepH3yercs

repMItqecKuM

xoaQQnuleuror'a

tto'resHoro aefict-

sl-ti,

npeacragrspuruu

co6ofr

orHoueHl.Ie

Kor[qecrBa

rerulorbl'

ttpe'

spaueHlrofi

r

pa6oty

Qr-Qz

(rAe

Q2

-

rel"Iora,

orA-aHHat

xonou'-

"'o"l-".ir"""i,r

),

'r<o-

rcetury

'ro,rttuecray

noaseAeuHofi

x

pa6oueuy

T€n]

Tennorbl

Q1:

Qr

-Qr

\t:--d,

'

(1)

3tDOexrusHocrr

o[pe,{ernercq

y.4eJlbuofi

pa6mofi

quxla,

r.

e.

pa6mofi

L,

nPuxoatureftcE

Ha

eAltHltlly

pa3Hocrl.l MaKCITMaJIb'

noro'V*u*"

u

MHHfiMaJIbHoro-

Vlqta

oQtevon

pabouero reJla

flpfl co'

aepuenNlr

nM

IlllKJla,

xrc

'

v/trl3

(Ax/t'13) :

Pt:-T--+v

'

(21

Vagrlsas

pa6ota

uucaenuo

paBua HeKorop-oMy

cpeaueMy

rlocro-

runouy

!,ao.nenuK),

Koropoe

npu H3MeHelrHH

o6aeMa

paooqero

rera

or

uunuua.nlnom Ao

MaKcHMaJ'IbHoro

coBepuaeT

paooTy'

paBHyro

pa6ore

uur.na.

Be,'Iuqana

cpeaHelo

aaBJIeHufi

wKna

pt

oupeaeJser

lasuepu

qIrJIIrHApa,

B KotcpoM

npoficxoaur

pacullpenlle

ra3a'

185

Возницкий И.В. Судовые двигатели внутреннего сгорания (конструкция, теория эксплуатация)

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.