Vince Michael, Emmerson Paul. Intermediate Language Practice (with key). English Grammar and Vocabulary
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Presеnt
pеrfесt
or
present perfесt
сontinuous?
othеr
problеms
GRAм]t,tAR 7
PRE5ENт PERЕЕст
oftеn thеrе is
vеry littlе diffеrеnсе bеtwееn
thе two tеnsеs:
I,ve worked/beeп
working
here
for
two
уeаrs'
I,ve lived/beeп living
here
for
two
уeаrs.
Wе
oftеn usе thе
prеsеnt
pеrfесt
if
our attеntion is
on thе finishеd rеsult, but
thе
prеsеnt pеrfесt
сontinuous
if
our attеntion is
on thе aсtion.
I,ve.written thаt
еmаil to
lасkie'
I wаs
meапiпg to do it
for
аges'
I,ve been writiпg
thаt emаil to
|асkie
аnd it,s tаken аn hour! I,m eхhаusted!
If wе
givе
dеtails of
how many or how
muсh wе do not
usе a сontinuous
form.
I,ve ulritten
four
emаils.
I,ve done а lot of сooking
апd сIеапiпg
this аftеrnoon.
Prеsеnt
simplе
or
prеsеnt
pеrfесt?
Wе usе thе
prеsеnt
simplе to dеsсribе habits
or statеs in thе
prеsеnt,
but
wе
usе thе
prеsеnt pеrfесt
to dеsсribе thе timе
until thе
prеsеnt.
I live iп Prаgue'
(a
pеrmanеnt
statе
_
I always livе
thеrе)
I,ve livеd in Prаgue
for
two
уeаrs.
(I
arrivеd two
yеars
ago
and still livе
thеre)
Past simplе or
prеsеnt pеrfесt?
Thе
past
simple
dеsсribеs an event in a
сomplеtеd timе
pеriod.
Thе
prеsеnt
pеrfесt
is usеd for a
timе
pеriod
that inсludеs
thе
prеsеnt.
I lived iп Prаgue
in thе пiпeties.
(now
I
livе somеwhеrе еlsе)
I,ve lived in Prаgue sinсе
thе niпeties.
(I
still livе thеrе)
Thе сhoiсе of tеnsе
oftеn depеnds on whеthеr
oul attеntion is
in
thе
past
or
thе
prеsеnt.
I hаd аn umbrellа,
but
I
left
it
on the bus.
(thе
еvеnt is distant
in my
mind)
Оh
no! I,ve left my umbrellа
oп the bus.
(thе
еvеnt is
prеsеnt
in my mind)
hаve beeп and
hаve
goпе
|f we hауe been to a
plaсe,
Wе Wеnt
thеrе and havе now rеturnеd. |f we hаve
gotlе
to a
plaсе,
wе wеrit thеrе but havе
not rеturnеd.
Melissа hаs beeп to Сhiпа.
Melissа hаs
gone
to Сhinа.
(and
shе has сomе baсk)
(and
shе is still
thеrе)
lNтERмЕDlAтЕ
tANGUAGE
PRAстlCЕ
2
Underlinе
the сorreсt word
or
phrase in eaсh
senteпсе.
a)
I livе
hеrе/I-7е-]wзl-hеte sinсе
thе
еnd
of
last
yеar.
b)
I'm afraid thе
last
tтain
lеft/hаs
left an
hour ago.
с) Somеonе
hаs
just
stolen/hаs
just
beeп steаliпg
my biсyсlе.
d)
Тhank
you
for
your
offеr,
btlt
I deсided/I,vе
decided
not to aссеpt.
е) Yеstегday
I lost/I,ve lost
mу
wallеt.
f) Тakе
your
umbrеllа with
уoll.
It stоrted/It,s
stаrted
raining.
g) !Vе,те еnjoying our trip.
We уisitedПVе,уe
уisitеd
two
сountriеs
so far.
h) I,rn stаndiпg
here/I,ve been stапding
here
fot
hours and
I fееl
tirеd.
i) Тhis wаs/hаs
been
a busy
day
and
it isn,t
ovеr
yеt!
j)
l fееl rеally tired.
We
weпtПVe,ve
been to
a
partу last
night.
Put eaсh
verb in
braсkets
into either
the
present
perfeсt,
past
simple
or
present
simple.
a) Last
wееk I
(losе)
......... ,.Lp.l,t...'..,....
my
sсarf, and
now I
(just
losе)
... .|'v e..
j.'.a.t...L..,r
t.'. ......''.. . ..
my
glovе
s.
I
(work) ....
for
Bluе Bank
at thе
moment
but
I
(dесidе)
....
to сhangе
jobs.
Wе
(bе)
....
hеrе
for hours.
Arе
you
surе
Wе
(сomе)
thе bus
homе.
0
I
(nеvеr
еat) ............
oсtopus,
but
onсе
on
holiday
I
(еat)
...........
somе
squid.
g)
I
(hopе) ....
you
arеn,t
a
vеgеtarian.
I
(сook)
....you
somе
lamb сhops.
h) Rесеntly a
lot
of
young pеoplе
(takе
up)
.... kite
surfing.
i)
Whеn wе
(rеaсh) ....
thе сinеma,
thеrе
(not
bе)
'...
aгlУ
tiсkеts
lеft.
i)
Plеasе сomе
quiсkly!
Niсk
(havе)
.... an
aссident,
and
hе
(go) ....
to
hospital.
b)
с)
26
GRAlvlluAR 7 PREsENт PERFEст 2
3 Complete eaсh mini-dialogue by
putting
thе
verbs
given
in
braсkеts
into either
thе
present perfeсt
or
prеsent perfeсt
сontinuous.
a) A: Tеrmi natot 2
is
on at thе Rеx?
(you
sеe)
..'!!.g,vэ,уl!*..{.*k..........
it?
B: No, not
yеt.
Shall wе
go?
I
(look
to,-u,o;
..,.Yp..h*k'!q.q!9i.ryg'fl.rwкd.
to sееing
it for
agеs.
b) A: What,s
thе
mattеr? You look
rеally
tirеd!
B: I am! I
(study)
.... a7l day, and I
(not
finish)
A:
Somеonе
(rob)
..........
thе bank
at thе еnd of the
road.
е) A: Why is
your
lеg in
plastеr?
B: That,s
a silly
quеstion!
I
(brеak)
....
it,
of
сoursе.
A: Somеonе
(writе)
....
.Brеak
Тimе,
on
thе
plastеrl
4 For
eaсh
question,
сomplete thе seсond
sentenсе so that it means
the
same as
the
first
using
no morе
than three words.
a) I сamе tо livе hеrе thrее months
ago.
|
.',V,.Q, hwYk. !ууу,уu,,,,.''......
hеrе
for
thrее months.
b) Sophiе
is
out at the shops
at
thе momеnt.
Sophiе .... to
thе shops.
с) I,vе had Frеnсh lеssons sinсе
Мarсh.
I ................ .......
Frеnсh
sinсе Мarсh.
d) I,m still rеading this book.
I ................ .......
rеading
this
book
yеt.
е)
Paul lеft
thе room a
momеnt
ago.
Paul
has
....
thе room.
0
It's
agеs sinсе
I last wеnt to thе
сinеma.
I
................ ....... to the
сinеma for agеs.
g)
This is thе first timе I,vе еatеn
snails.
I ................ ....... snails
bеforе.
h) I don,t rеmеmbеr Hеlеn,s
phonе
numbеr.
I,vе
............ Hеlеn,s
phonе
numbеr.
с)
d)
ld
27
lNтERluЕDlAтE
LANGUAGE
PпA(тlCE
5
ll
Completе
еaсh sentenсe with onе
suitablе word.
Wе,vе had a
vеry
intеrеsting trip
(a)
....{.!......'.......
far,
and
wе,vе
had some
intеrеsting
advеnturеs
(b)
.....................
thе
last time Wе Wrote.
We,ve
(с)
.....................
to
somе beautiful
islands, and
(d)
.. a lot of
intеrеsting
pеoplе.
In faсt
(е)
.....................
Wе,vе
madе friеnds
with somе
pеоplе
in a villagе, and
they,vе
beеn
(f)
.. us thе
loсal
languagе. I
havеn,t
managed
to
lеarn
muсh
(g)
.............
but Ann
(h)
.....................
piсked
up
quitе
a lot,
and сan
spеak
well. She,s bееn
(i)
.. every day,
and shе,s
(j)
.....................
mе
еvеrything
shе knows!
Underline
the еrrors in
thеse
sentenсes.
Rewrite
eaсh sentenсe.
a) Мy
pеnfriend
is writing
to
mе for
yеars.
l
/v|v
peуlfrLen,d
hаs baуъ writuц,q
to
уиo
far Yeаrs,
........,...}....
v
..... !g.
i l... t........
ф.....
!
l..
i...
b) Wе have started this сourse thrее
wееks
ago.
,What
havе
you
beеn doing
a|| daу?,
,I,ve
been
writtеn
lettеrs.,
't"i!""
Whеn havе
you
arrivеd in this сity?
e)
You havе еvеr
bееn to
India?
0
s)
h)
Рaula has bееn
stayеd in a
hotеl by
thе sеa.
I,vе
bееn
fееling ill
thrее
wееks ago.
I livе in this сiW
sinсе
I was born.
I wait hеrе for agеs. Wherе have
you
bеen?
Tony has
lеavеd
his books on thе
bus.
6
с)
d)
i)
i)
28
will
Futurе
timе
bе
going
to
Еxplanations
Wе сan rеfеr to thе
future in Еnglish
by
using will, bе
goiпg
to
or by
using
plеsеnt
tеnsеs. Somеtimеs
Wе сan
usе
diffеrеnt forms and
therе
is littlе
diffеrеnсе bеtwееn
thеm, othеr timеs
thеrе is
a diffеrеnсе.
r
Form
Тhе wiII futurе is
formеd with
thе infinitivе
without fo. Thе nеgativеs of will
is woп,t. Will
is
usually
shortеnеd
in
spеесh and informal writing to
,l/.
Somе spеakеrs usе shаll to
rеfеr
to
thе futurе in formal
situations
with 1 and
we.
Hоwevеr
this
usе is bесoming vеry
rarе. In modеrn
Еnglish sЙсl/
is
usеd
for suggеstions only:
ShаIl
I
opeп
the window?
r
Меaning
Wе usе will to talk
gеnеrally
about
futurе
bеliеfs, opinions, hopеs and
prеdiсtions.
Thеrе is usually a timе
еxprеssion. Wе
сan add
perhаps,
probаblу
or definitely
to show how сеrtain
or unсеrtain Wе
arе about our
prеdiсtions.
In the neхt сeпtury, most
peoplе
will
probаbф
live iп big
сities.
Perhаps it,ll
rаin tomorrow'
Uпitеd will defiпitelу
wiп tonight.
Notiсе that
probably
сomеs aftеr
will but bеforе
woп,t.
Shе,lI
probаbф
сome with us toпight.
She
probаblу-won,t
сomе with
us toпight.
r
Form
Тhе be
goiпg
to futurе
is formеd
with
thе verb be +
going
+
thе infinitivе.
|еаn
is
going
to lеаrп to
drive.
Tim
апd
Аnп аre
goiпg
to trаvel
аbroаd пeхt
уeаr.
l
Mеaning
Wе usе
goiпg
to for
plans
and
intеntions.
Thе
plan
may
bе
in
thе
nеar futurе,
or morе distant.
(m
goiпg
to do lots of work this eveпing.
Аfter I
ftnish
Uпiversitу
I,m
goiпg
to trаvel аII
over
Еuropе
bу IпterRаiI,
Wе
also lse
goiпg
fo for
prеdiсtions.
Wе usе
going
fo
whеn
thеrе
is
somе
еvidеnсе
in
thе
prеsеnt
situation, for
еxamplе Wе
сan sее somеthing.
Look out! Those
books аrе
going
to
fаll!
29
lNтERrиЕDlAтE
LANGUAGE
PRAстIсЕ
Prеsent
сontinuous
Problems
Form
Sее Grammar
2 fot
the
form
of thе
prеsеnt сontinuous.
I,m meeting mу mother
for
lunсh аt
one.
Меaning
Wе
usе
thе
prеsеnt
сontinuous
to
talk about
things
wе
havе arrangеd
to
do,
in
partiсular
soсial
arrangеmеnts
and appointmеnts.
Thеrе
is nеarly
always
a
timе ехprеssion.
А:
Аre
уou
doing апуthing
oп
Fridау eveniпg?
B: Not reаllу' Why?
А: I,m hоving а
pаrty.
Would
уou
like to come?
will
or
going
to?
Will
alrrd
going
to arе both usеd
for
prеdiсtions, and
on
most oссasions
еither
is
possiblе.
I thiпk it,s
going
to/it,ll
probаblу
rаin tomorrow.
Howevеr
if thеrе is
strong
еvidеnсе
in thе
prеsеnt
situation,
then
goiпg
to is
usually
usеd:
I think
it,s
goiпg
to
rаiп
this аfrerпooп,
(looking
up
at
blaсk
сlouds
in thе sky)
going
to or
prеsеnt
сontinuous?
Goiпg
to and thе
plеsеnt
сontinuous
arе
both usеd
for
plans
and
arlangеmеnts,
and on
most oссasions
еithеr
is
possiblе.
I,m
going
to hаvе/I,m
hаviпg
а
pаrtу
oп
Fridау'
Howеvеr,
going
to сan suggеSt
that thе
dеtails
arе not
yеt finalizеd
_
it,s still
iust
a
plan.
Whеrеas
thе
prеsent сontinuous
сan suggеst
that thе
arrangеmеnt
is moIе fixеd,
with
a timе
and a
plaсе.
|eаn
is
going
to hаve аnothеr
driving
lessoп sooп.
(a
plan, with
no spесifiс
timе)
|еаn
is hаviпg
her driviпg
lessoп
this аfterпooп.
(it,s
fixеd, in hеr
diary)
othеr
mеanings of will
WilI has othеr mеanings,
for еxamplе
spontanеous
dесisions
that сomе
into
our hеad at thе
momеnt of spеaking,
promisеs еtс.
Is thаt the
phoпе
riпgiпg?
I,Il
апswer
it'
(a
spontanеous
dесision)
I,lI do the best thаt I cап
to
help
уou.
(a
promisе)
tbe
\Ntth
be Wе usе will
or
going
to,
not thе
prеsеnt
сontinuous.
I,ll
be bасk
on
Fridаy.
I,m
going
to be bасk oп
Fridаy.
30
),
a
GRAмпnAR 8
FUтURЕ t
Undеrline
thе сorrесt
sentеnсe,
"|
or
2,
in eaсh mini-dialogue.
a) A: Can
you
сomе
danсing
tomorrow
night?
B: 1 Sorry,
I,ll
play
baskеtball.
2 Sorry,
I,m
pla}zing
baskеtball.
b)
A: What arе
your
plans
for thе summer?
B:
1 l,ll spеnd a
month
in
thе mountains.
2
I,m
going
to spеnd
a
month
in
thе
mountains.
с)
A: What do
you
think
about thе wеathеr?
B: 1 It,ll
probablу rain tomorrow.
2 lt's raining
tomorrow.
d)
A: What about
tomorrow
at about
5.30?
B:
1
oK,
I,ll sее
you
then.
z oK,
I,m sееing
you
thеn.
е)
A: Мary is buying
a dog
nеxt wееk.
B: 1 Rеally?
What
is
shе
сalling it?
2 Rеa||у?
What is shе
going
to саll it?
f) A: It would
bе niсе
to sее
you
nеxt weеk.
B: 1
Arе
you
doing
anything on Wеdnеsday?
2 wi||
you
do anything
on Wеdnеsday?
Put
еaсh
verb
in
braсkets
into a form
ot will,
going
to or
presеnt
сontinuous.
More than one
answer
may
be
possible.
a) Havе
you
hеard thе
nеws?
Harry
(join)
....w..jq.tу1Lw,/,w'зp.у,ryg..tp..j.p.L*'.....
thе
Armyl
b) Sorry
to kееp
you waiting. I
(not
bе) .............
.......... long.
с) Aссording
to thе
wеathеr
foreсast,
it
(snow)
tomorrow.
d)
I,m sorry
I
сan,t
mееt
you
tonight. I
(go
out)
...........
............
with
my
parеnts.
е) Сareful!
You
(knoсk)
..............'. ....... that
jug
off
thе tablе!
f) In fifty
yеaтs,
timе,
most
pеoplе (probably
ridе) ..........
biсyс1еs
to work.
g)
our tеaсhеr
(givе)
.........
us a tеst tomorrow.
h) I
(go) .... to Manсhеstеr at the еnd of
nеxt
wееk.
i) Look out!
You
(hit)
.... that trее!
i)
I think our
tеam
(probably
win)
..........
2
31
lNтЕRП,lED!AтE
LANGUAGE PпACт!сE
]l
Ж
3 Complete the seсond
sentenсe
so
that
it has
a
simiJаr meaning
to
the first
sentenсe.
a) Мy
party
is on Thursday.
| ..,.|у1,. h4vLу1g.'4.
Р.a
rtу'. .
. . o n Thu
r
s
d ay.
b)
Тomorrow,s wеathеr
forесast
is for rain.
It's ............. tomorrow.
с)
I
prеdiсt
a viсtory
for our tеam.
I think ....
win.
d) Тomorrow l,ll
bе absеnt,
Mrs
Jones.
I
................
.......
herе tomorrощ
Mrs
Jones.
е) Теrry intеnds
to finish
painting
thе kitсhen this
еvеning.
Теrry .........
painting
thе kitсhеn this
еvеning.
f) Мееt mе outsidе
thе station at
5.30.
I ................
....... outside
thе
station at 5.30.
g) What,s
our arrangеmеnt for lunсh?
Whеrе
.... for
lunсh?
h) Еvеryonе еxpeсts lots
of tourism
in this сountry
nеxt summеr'
Еvеryone
thinks a laтge number of
tourists
.... this
сountry nеxt
summеr.
Underlinе the sentenсes
whiсh
are
inсorreсt. Rewrite them.
|f
the
sentenсe
is
сorreсt,
put
a tiсk
(/).
a) I
go
swimming nеxt
Saturday.
Would
}zou
likе to сome?
..I!.ш..q.a.|!ш..t.w.tшшцnа..у.trхt..S.цt.*rdдY,..W.a.цld..,уp,*..!tk't,a...с..qd..
..........Ф.....Ф
Ф....tl..ltr.r......!
b) What aIе
you going
to disсuss
at thе
nеxt mееting?
Thе boat is turning
over!
I think
it will sink!
Suе is
going
to lеnd mе hеr rollеr-skatеs.
е)
The wеathеr
foreсast
says
it,s dеfinitеly
sunny
tomorrow.
Г) Thеrе is a lot to do.
Is anyonе
gоing
to
hеlp
you?
Sorry,
I,m
not sееing
you
tomorlow.
I havе to
go
to
London.
4
c)
d)
s)
h)
32
Byе
for
now.
I sее
you
latеr this еvеning.
5
GRAlvt1YtAR
8 FUтURE
l
Rеwrite
eaсh
sentenсe
so that
it сontains will or
going
to.
a)
I
plan
to
study
еnginееring
in Franсе.
...|.ш.go.|rg..t.q.,'|t*.dу..gш.irep-riш...цrу..f'rл.4&9'.....'......
b) I,vе
arrangеd
a
pafiУ for nеxt Friday.
с)
Wе,vе
got
an appointmеnt
at thе doсtor,s,
so
wе сan,t сomе.
d) Kеlly
is
likеly to
gеt
thе
iob.
е) Martin,s
wifе
is
prеgnant again.
0
Sarah
doеsn,t
plan to
gеt
marriеd
yеt.
g) Thеrе,s a
possibility of
snow tomorrow.
h) I
prеdiсt a sсorе
of
З_0.
ls
ё
ooo
oo
ме)..
UN,тЕ
D
(ovЕ(l
"
r'o
оo.
cо6ё
33
:;:
.
::l::l
,1.1.:r.l
',:l:rl
lir:l:tli
tuture сontinuous
Future
pеrfeсt
Prеsent
simplе
Exptanations
r
Form
Thе futurе сontinuous
is formеd
with will
+ bе
+
thе
-iпg
form of
thе
vеrb.
This time tomorrow
I,Il be
еаting
lunсh on
thе
plапe,
r
Меaning
Thе futurе сontinuous
is usеd
whеn
wе
imaginе an aсtivity
in
progrеss in
thе
futurе.
Wе oftеn usе
it whеn Wе сomparе
what
wе arе doing
now
with
what
wе will
bе doing
in thе futurе.
Тhеrе
is nеarly
always
a timе
еxpгеssion.
Wherе will
уou
be liviпg
iп
five уeаrs,
time?
Wе
also
usе thе futurе сontinuous
to
say that
somеthing
will dеfinitеly
happеn.
Wz,II bе holdiпg а mееtiпg
Sooп,
So
wе саn
deсide theп.
r
Form
Thе futurе
pеrfесt
is formеd
with will
+ hаvе
+ thе
past
paгtiсiplе.
Bу thе time wе
gеt
to thе
сiпemа,
thе
film
ulill
hаve
begun.
r
Mеaning
Wе usе thе
futurе
pеrfесt
to
look baсk
from onе
point
in
thе futurе
to an
еarliеr
еvеnt.
Wе
oftеn
lsе
bу ot
bу thе timеwith
thе
futurе
pеrfесt.
Bу neхt wеek I,П hаve
сollесted
over
7000 еuros
for
сhаritу.
Thе situation has not happеnеd
yеt, but at a
сеrtain timе
in thе futurе
it will
happеn.
r
Wе oftеn usе thе
prеsеnt simplе
to
talk about
еvеnts
in thе
futurе basеd on
a
fixеd timеtablе,
programmе or сalеndar.
|im,s
plапe
leауes аt
12.00.
Оur
heаd tеасhеr retires
пехt
yeаr.
r
Wе usе thе
prеsеnt
simplе
to
rеfеr to
thе futurе
aftеr thеsе
words: wheп,
аftеr,
before, uпIеss, in саsе, aS
Soon
аs, uпtil,
bу the
timе,
the пeхt
timе.
When
I
sее
her
аgаiп,
I,П tеII
hеr
уour
nеws.
Let,s
ruп
homе before
it
rаiпs'
Tаke ап umbrellа, in саse
it
rаins.
Аs soon аS we,re reаdу,
wе,ll
phoпe
уou.
Pleаse
wаit hеre
until
Mrs llсlll
сomes
bсtсk.
Wе сan also usе thе
prеsеnt
pеrfесt with thеsе
words to еmphasizе
that an
aсtion
is сomplеtе.
Hапd iп
уour
pаpеr
as
soon
аS
уou
hаve
flnishеd,
З4