Vij D.R. Handbook of Applied Solid State Spectroscopy
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Index 735
material characterization by RAS 381,
383, 384, 400, 402, 404, 405
matrix
transition- (T-matrix) 355
equation 360
composite 396
stiffness 397
meteorites 240
method of MIIR 355, 370, 371, 372-377,
399, 405
method of moments 81
methylmalonic acid 52, 53
Michelson interferometer 412-415, 417,
419, 420, 424-425
microwave
absorption 99
bridge 119
field 101, 111, 131
frequency 99,131, 135, 136, 138, 139
oscillations 119
power 120,121, 143
MIM tunnel diodes 319
Mims ENDOR 178, 179
mixing time 22, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40,
58
mobile fraction 49
modulation scheme (ENDOR) 159
modulus 396, 397
molecular
conformation 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35,
37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54,
55, 57
crystals 30, 42, 43, 44, 52, 53
dynamics 1, 23, 25, 27, 29-31, 33, 35,
37, 39, 41, 43-47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57
symmetry 704
momentum conservation 270
monochromators 422, 424
x-ray 490-491, 496
monochromatic 420, 429-430
Mössbauer
gamma-ray sources 222-225
R.L. 201
spectrometer 213
transitions 213, 216, 222-225
multifrequency 122, 132
multiple quantum 2, 11, 53
multiplex advantage 412, 414, 422,
440
Muon spin relaxation 254
N
near infrared 577
near-infrared Raman spectroscopy 662
nematic liquid crystal 696, 711
net unpaired electron-spin 152
neutron scattering cross section 272
neutron spectroscopy 269-276
NEXAFS 595
nitride 612, 633, 634
14N 136, 142, 143
15N 141, 142
peptide 138, 142
deuterium (2H) 26, 27
high-resolution solid-state 6, 13
signal 13, 14, 18, 19, 26, 27, 33, 38, 40,
46
spectrum 11, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25,
29, 30, 31, 35, 36, 39, 54, 56, 57, 58
nondestructive evaluation (NDE) 377,
385, 386, 390, 392, 395, 399
non-radiative processes 542, 566
non-uniaxial 720
normal
incidence 353, 354, 355, 364, 374
mode 362, 364, 365, 367, 381, 399, 401
mode expansion 354
stress 352
normalized
frequency 369, 31, 403
magnitude 403
NQR relaxation times 79
NQR spectrometers 82-89
cw 83
field cycling 87
pulsed 84
NTI 322
n-type semiconductors 556, 558
nuclear
acoustic resonance (NAR) 73
frequency 155
magnetic resonance (NMR) 1
magnetization 74
quadrupole resonance (NQR) 65, 70-72
relaxation 79-81, 92
relaxation times 159
spin 1-3, 5-8, 67, 69, 154
spin Hamiltonian 2, 15
Zeeman 173
Zeeman Hamiltonian 152
nuclear moment 66-67
emission 114, 121
pulse 111, 116, 121, 133, 139, 145
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 57,
source 119, 121, 122
description 8, 9
nitrogen
NMR
736 Index
O
O1s-RIXS 622, 624-627
oblique incident 353-356, 399
Ohno continuous casting (OCC) 399, 401-
406
OMTS
bias dependent imaging 242 ff
CoPc 324, 338, 342
CoTPP 334, 338, 342, 343
dln(I)/dln(V) 340
electrochemistry 328, 337
exchange spectroscopy by sideband
alternation (ODESSA) 50, 51
general 322 ff
imaging orbitals 343
MPc 330
MTPP 330
NiOEP 332, 338
NiTPP 325, 329, 334, 338, 339, 340,
342, 343
one-dimensional 117, 118, 140
phthalocyanines 331, 336
polyacenes 331
porphyrins 331, 336, 339
predicted bands 341
PTCDA 336
sce vs. vacuum 329, 337
single molecule identification 337
temperature dependence 337
tip distance 340
VOPc 323
optical fibers 437, 443, 444
optically detected ENDOR 191
Orbach process 288
ordered samples 696, 700
organic
free radicals 167, 168
host crystals 181
host 190
radicals 127, 139, 181
single crystals 189
orientation 133, 134, 137, 139
distribution 695, 701
selection 177
triangle 705
oxidase
bo
3- 137, 138
chicken liver sulfite 146
overlapping spectra 144
P
pair correlation function 274
paramagnetic
133, 135, 136, 140, 144, 145
partial
debonding 387
differential equations 360
waves 364
PATROS 50
PC 31, 32
PDMS 30
PEG 40
penetrable
scatteres 21
targets 2
PEO / p-nitrophenol complex 55
PEO / resorcinol complex 54, 55, 56, 57,
58
perturbed angular correlation (PAC) 89
phase 354, 355, 365, 390
analysis 239-240
correction 413
cycling 12, 41, 47, 121
information 434
shifter 120
spectrum 413, 421, 427
velocity 353, 374
PHMA 51
phonons 100
phosphate glasses 45, 58
phosphorescence 577
photoacoustic 411, 427, 446
photoelastic modulator 703
photoelectric effect 485, 486
photoemission 485, 499-502, 598, 599,
605, 610, 613, 623-625, 633, 642-
644
photoinduced dichroism 713
photoluminescence 44, 577
photo-orientation 713
planetary atmosphere 437, 440
planetary spectra 415, 440
PMA 27
PMMA 35, 36, 49, 50, 52, 53
point-charge model 263
point-contact spectroscopy 278-280
polarization factor 273
polarization spectroscopy 689, 694
polarized light, linearly 689
polarizer 689
poles
dipole 368
in complex plane 354
chemical identification 337, 342
center 98
species 98, 103, 111, 122, 123, 129, 130,
431-432
path difference 416-418, 420-421,
PELDOR 145, 146
Index 737
quadrupole 368
regge 369
poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA) 27
poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 35,
36, 49, 50, 52, 53
poly (n-hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) 51
poly (p-vinylene phenylene) (PPV) 43, 44
poly (vinyl)alcohol 698
polycarbonate (PC) 31, 32
polyethylene 698
polyethylene glycol (PEG) 40
polyethylene oxide (PEO) 54, 55, 56, 57,
58
polymers 127, 146, 446
polystyrene (PS) 39
polystyrene (PS)-b-poly(methyl siloxane)
(PDMS) 30
powder 110, 127
174
supply 119
PPV 43, 44
PrBr
3 275-276
preamplifier 120
precession 10, 114
pressure of incident wave 356
principal axes system (PAS) 6
principle of detailed balance 274
PrNi
5 279, 290-291
programmer 121
prolate spheroid 377-381
proton (1H) NMR 30
proton couplings 183
pseudobrookite 245-246
pseudogap 297-300
pseudo-Rayleigh, 353, 401
p-type semiconductors 557, 559
long duration 371, 373
method 371
nonselective 114
refocusing 114
short 371, 374-377, 399
pyrene 708, 724
pulsed-ENDOR 159, 177-180, 188
pulsed excitation 522
pulsed spectrometer, NQR 84
pure exchange NMR (PUREX) 41, 42, 48,
49, 51, 53
Q
q-band 179, 180
QCM 609
quadrant 140, 141, 142
quadrupolar
echo 27
energy levels 70, 71
interaction 5
nuclei 67
order 47
quadrupole coupling 153, 166, 167
quality factor 121
quantification, XPS 497, 501
quantum confinement 615, 616
quasi harmonic MIIR 371-374, 376, 377
quenching effect 586
orbital angular momentum 103
R
radiation damping 366
radiative transitions
across the band gap 565
Judd-Ofelt theory 541
p-n junctions 570
pure semiconductors 562
rare earth ions 540
transition metal ions 541
radicals 126, 127, 131, 132, 139
radio frequency (rf)
amplitude modulation 11
coil (ENDOR) 158
driven spin-diffusion ( RFDR) 45
enhancement 161, 162
field 2
flip angle 12
frequency modulation 11
phase modulation 11, 100, 145
power (ENDOR) 158, 159
pulse 11
Raman
FT- 668
gain 671
intensity map 684
micro- 680
scattering 661, 663, 665
spectroscopy 276-78, 662
rare earth ions
energy levels 524
spectral features 526
transitions 540, 541, 543
vibronic transitions 546
pollution 438, 439
pattern 21, 127, 128, 129, 132, 146
pressure effects 266, 299
spectrum 127, 129, 132, 134, 138, 173,
p-n junctions 567, 570
pulse 111, 112, 113, 114
738 Index
rate memory 30
Rayleigh
resonances 400, 401, 403
scattering 276, 403
series 354
type wave 353, 355, 368, 369-371, 396
recoupling 51, 52, 57
rectangular function 432, 433
REDOR 51
reference-arm 119,120
reflection 375, 377, 401, 411
refraction 355, 401, 403
regge poles trajectories 369, 370
relative signs (ENDOR) 163
relaxation
D- 36, 39, 47, 51
E- 35, 36, 40, 46, 49, 51
cross- 22, 160
Korringa- 92
mechanism 100, 144
spin-lattice- 100
longitudinal T
1 14, 18, 19, 20, 30, 33,
40, 46, 48, 159, 160
relaxation time 99, 143, 156, 160
irreversible 144
NQR 79
phase-memory 111
transverse T
2 18, 33, 46, 48, 100, 144,
145
reorientation angle 26, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 49, 53
resolving power 424, 425
resonance
field 99
identification of 351, 355, 370, 371,
373, 374
nuclear quadrupole (nqr) 137
rogue 401-404
scattering theory (RST), 352, 354, 355,
363, 366, 368, 403
rigid 352, 353, 366
cylinders 354, 365
motion, 368
rotating frame 11, 111
rotational 359, 403
diffusion 28, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41
echoes 17, 18, 28, 51
rotor synchronization 42, 43, 44, 50, 51
rotor synchronized MAS exchange 42, 43,
44, 50, 51
Rowland 605-607
Russell-Saunders coupling 258
RXE 596, 599, 600
S
SAM 339
sample size (ENDOR) 158
sample structure 695
SASE 608
satellite 597, 636, 645
saturation 101, 143
Sc
2Fe14B 244-245
scaled-CODEX 53
scan 421, 446
scanning Auger microscopy 451, 476
scanning probe microscopy 307 ff
scattering
by a cylinder 353-355, 365
equations 354, 368
from an elastic sphere 354
from anisotropic targets 355
vector 269
Schottky heat capacity 268
screening 264
screening effects 152
second moment 82
second-order shifts 166
secular Hamiltonian 7
segmental reorientation 23, 33, 42, 48
selection
orientation- 138, 139
angle 177
selective excitation double Mössbauer
spectroscopy (SEDM) 231-233, 251-
254
semiconductors 553
direct gap 560
doped 557
excitations in 561
indirect gap 560
intrinsic 554
large band gap 561
radiative transitions in 562
semicrystalline polymers 42, 44
semiquinone (SQ) 137, 138, 139
sensitivity (ENDOR) 157
separated-local-field (SFL) 30
separation of cladding 389
sequence
2+1 145
Curr-Parcell 144
pulse- 114, 117, 118, 134, 140, 141,
146
signal 411, 412, 414, 416, 422-425
signal intensity (ENDOR) 161
resolution 114, 118, 140
resolution element 422
frequency 99, 100
resonator 121, 122
rotation angle 112, 114
Index 739
signal-to-noise ratio 120, 422, 423, 425,
436
single crystal (ENDOR) 164
single molecule identification 337 ff
SLF 30
soft
cylinders 352-354, 365
background 367
solids 113, 139
amorphous 123
orientation-disordered 111, 123, 127
powder 104, 123,133, 134
solvents 697
solid state (ENDOR) 163
solution
frozen 110, 123,146
liquid 110
source
synchrotron 491, 504, 505
x-ray 486, 488-492, 494-497, 500, 502,
505
space domain 417, 419
special TRIPLE (ST) 162
spectrometer
commercial 122
CW-EPR 119,121
home-build 122
pulsed-EPR 121, 127
x-ray photoelectron 485-487, 492-494,
501
spectroscopy
EPR 97, 111, 122, 126, 130, 133
ESEEM 116, 127,136
ESR 97
NMR 114
spectrum acquisition 218-220
spherical harmonics 260
spin
alignment 47
density 104, 138
diffusion 31, 44, 45, 53, 57, 58, 177
echo 86
Hamiltonian 102, 104-106, 116, 127,
136, 143
nuclear 104, 132, 141
packet 111
population 99
reorientation 237
splitting 108
system 112, 143
unpaired 138
spinning sidebands 15, 17, 18, 29, 43, 50,
51
spin-orbit coupling 258, 262
spin-spin coupling 171
spin-spin distance 145, 146
spiral trajectories 353
splitting 498-499 501-502
spontaneous emission 515
stability (ENDOR) 157
static magnetic field 2
steady state free precession 87
step-scan interferometer 419, 421, 446
Sternheimer factor 93
Sternheimer shielding/antishielding 92
Stevens operators 261
stimulated-echo experiment (STE) 45, 46,
47, 48, 52, 53
stretched polymers 696, 711
stainless steel 250-251
STM tips 313 ff
structure
electronic 126, 130, 131
fine 104, 145
hyperfine 104,106,110, 131, 132, 133
spatial 130
STS of semiconductors 317, 319, 320
unresolved 111
superconducting quantum interference
device (SQUID) 88
superconductivity 604, 622
superposition 372
model 264
of variables technique 357
super-regenerative receiver 83
surface species 584, 585
surface studies 437, 443
survey scans 485, 501
sweep field 119
symmetry 124,127, 128
synchrotron 595-597, 600, 601, 605, 606,
608, 616, 620, 630, 632, 645, 654
T
Tanabe-Sugano diagram 531
Tanizaki model 701
tautomerism 44
target shape 377
TEM method 703
temperature (T) 99, 129, 144
tensor anisotropic hyperfine 134
g
2 124
hyperfine interaction 104,105, 126, 128,
130, 134, 139, 141
nuclear quadrupole 105, 126, 139
operators 262
principal axes 124,125, 128
principal directions 134
principal values 105, 124, 126, 128,134
tesseral harmonics 260
740 Index
thermal equilibrium 112
thermal scan 243-244
thermodynamic magnetic properties, 268
thin films 250
throughput 412, 422-425, 440
throughput advantage 412, 414, 425
thioxoketones 713
time
acquisition 126
dead- 114, 118, 122, 144, 146
domain 135
phase memory- 116, 118, 140
relaxation 118
resolved ENDOR 178
time-of-flight spectrometer 271
time-proportional-phase incrementation
method (TPPI) 22
time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence
spectroscopy (TRLFS) 577
topographiner 307
torsion angle 23, 44, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58
TPPM 14
transition
allowed 109, 110,116, 117, 127
double-quantum (dq) 137
EPR 108 117
forbidden 109, 110, 116, 117, 127
intensity 109
metal 132,133, 597, 610, 616, 619, 620,
634, 654
metal ions 169, 190, 167, 528, 529, 531
moment direction 690
non-radiative 544
nuclear 107, 116, 117, 126
single-quantum 137
spin-flip 99
vibronic 545
transmission line 119
transversely isotropic 355-357, 377, 395,
397, 398, 399
traveling wave tube (TWT) 121
triangular function 430, 431, 434
triangulate 583
triple-axis spectrometer 270
triplet state ENDOR 171-173
triplet-state radicals 186
truncation 427, 428, 433
tunable sold state laser 577
turning points 175
two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 22
two-photon absorption 721
two-pulse phase modulation (TPPM) 14
two-site jump 24, 25, 27, 28, 34, 38, 49
U
ultrahigh vacuum chamber 453
ultrasonic time-of-flight (UTOF) 383, 84
ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
491, 496
uniaxiality 700
upconversion 549
upper Hubbard band 623, 626, 627
UPS 332, 599, 610
uranium 578 ff
uranophane 588
V
vacuum, ultrahigh 487-488, 492, 493
vanadium oxide 625, 627, 628
vibrational analysis 444, 446
vibrational spectra 444
vibronic transitions 545
von Neumann equation 8
W
Wannier exciton 561
Watson-Sommerfeld method 354, 355
wave-guide 119
WAXD 55, 56
w-band 179, 180, 188
weak pitch 157
whispering gallery (WG) 353, 368, 369,
371, 396
wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) 55,
56
wideline separation (WISE) 30, 31
width 111, 130, 133, 138, 139
Wigner rotation matrices 6
Williams-Landel-Ferry equation 40
WISE 30, 31
WKB 306
work function 485, 493
X
XANES 595
x-band 180, 188
XES 599, 600, 604, 608, 610, 611, 613,
620, 623, 633, 650
XPS 599, 625
wavenumber domain 417, 419
Index 741
x-ray back-scattering spectroscopy (XBS)
231, 251
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
485-507
Y
Y2Fe17N3 235-236
YbMn
2(Si, Ge)2 247
YFe
6Sn6 237-238
Yukawa potential 264
Z
Zeeman effect 2, 3, 4, 9, 277-79
Zeeman interaction 77
Zeeman order 46
zeolite 23, 34, 35
zero-field splitting 171
zero-path length difference 418, 420, 421,
435