Тербенев В.В. Справочник руководителя тушения пожара. Тактические возможности пожарных подразделений
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ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ .................................................................................................. 3
ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ È ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ........................................ 4
1. ÎÃÍÅÒÓØÀÙÈÅ ÂÅÙÅÑÒÂÀ È ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÛ ............................... 8
1.1. Îãíåòóøàùèå âåùåñòâà îõëàæäåíèÿ..................................................... 8
1.2. Îãíåòóøàùèå âåùåñòâà èçîëÿöèè ....................................................... 12
1.2.1. Ïåíîîáðàçîâàòåëè è ïåíû .................................................................13
1.2.2. Îãíåòóøàùèå ïîðîøêîâûå ñîñòàâû (ÎÏÑ) ..................................... 16
1.3. Îãíåòóøàùèå ñðåäñòâà ðàçáàâëåíèÿ .................................................... 21
2. ÒÀÊÒÈÊÎ-ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈ ÏÐÈÁÎÐÎÂ
ÏÎÄÀ×È ÎÃÍÅÒÓØÀÙÈÕ ÂÅÙÅÑÒ ......................................... 26
2.1. Ïðèáîðû ïîäà÷è âîäû .......................................................................... 26
2.2. Ïîæàðíûå íàïîðíûå ðóêàâà ................................................................. 29
2.3. Ïåðåäâèæíûå è ïåðåíîñíûå îãíåòóøèòåëè ........................................ 30
3. ÒÀÊÒÈÊÎ-ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈ ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÕ
ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËÅÉ.........................................................35
4. ÑÕÅÌÛ ÁÎÅÂÎÃÎ ÐÀÇÂÅÐÒÛÂÀÍÈß ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÕ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ
ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËÅÉ* ............................................................................... 50
5. ÍÎÐÌÛ ÓÊÎÌÏËÅÊÒÎÂÀÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ
ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËÅÉ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÎ-ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÌ ÂÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÈÅÌ,
ÎÁÎÐÓÄÎÂÀÍÈÅÌ È ÈÍÂÅÍÒÀÐÅÌ ...........................................59
6. ÒÀÊÒÈÊÎ-ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÛÕ
ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËÅÉ.........................................................67
6.1. Òèïû ñïåöèàëüíûõ ïîæàðíûõ àâòîìîáèëåé ........................................ 67
6.2. Òàêòèêî-òåõíè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ñïåöèàëüíûõ ïîæàðíûõ
àâòîìîáèëåé .......................................................................................... 68
7. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÑÕÅÌÛ ÁÎÅÂÎÃÎ ÐÀÇÂÅÐÒÛÂÀÍÈß ÍÀ
ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÛÕ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËßÕ .........................78
8. ÍÎÐÌÛ ÓÊÎÌÏËÅÊÒÎÂÀÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÛÕ
ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËÅÉ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÎ-ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÌ
ÂÎÎÐÓÆÅÍÈÅÌ, ÎÁÎÐÓÄÎÂÀÍÈÅÌ È ÈÍÂÅÍÒÀÐÅÌ ........... 81
9. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ, ÂËÈßÞÙÈÅ ÍÀ ÂÐÅÌß ÁÎÅÂÎÃÎ
ÐÀÇÂÅÐÒÛÂÀÍÈß.............................................................................. 89
10. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ÏÎÆÀÐÀ ............................................... 94
11. ÈÍÒÅÍÑÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ ÏÎÄÀ×È ÎÃÍÅÒÓØÀÙÈÕ ÂÅÙÅÑÒ ...... 101
12. ÎÐÈÅÍÒÈÐÎÂÎ×ÍÛÅ ÍÎÐÌÀÒÈÂÛ ÍÅÎÁÕÎÄÈÌÎÉ
×ÈÑËÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ËÈ×ÍÎÃÎ ÑÎÑÒÀÂÀ ÄËß ÂÛÏÎËÍÅÍÈß
ÍÅÊÎÒÎÐÛÕ ÐÀÁÎÒ ÍÀ ÏÎÆÀÐÅ .............................................. 107
13. ÒÀÊÒÈÊÎ-ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈ ÏÐÈÁÎÐÎÂ
ÃÄÇÑ È ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÛ ÐÀÁÎÒÛ Â ÍÈÕ ......................................... 109
14. ÒÀÊÒÈÊÎ-ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÈ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ
ÏÎÅÇÄÎÂ, ÑÓÄÎÂ È ÂÅÐÒÎËÅÒÎÂ ............................................... 112
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ
252
15. ÎÁÙÈÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈß Î ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒßÕ
ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÏÎÄÐÀÇÄÅËÅÍÈÉ .................................................. 114
16. ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÏÎÄÐÀÇÄÅËÅÍÈÉ ÏÎ ÐÅÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ
ÑÂÎÈÕ ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÅÉ ÏÎ ÁÎÅÂÎÌÓ
ÐÀÇÂÅÐÒÛÂÀÍÈÞ .......................................................................... 117
17. ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÏÎÄÐÀÇÄÅËÅÍÈÉ ÏÎ ÐÅÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ
ÑÂÎÈÕ ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÅÉ ÏÐÈ ÏÎÄÀ×Å
ÎÃÍÅÒÓØÀÙÈÕ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂ ........................................................... 147
17.1. Îïðåäåëåíèå òàêòè÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé ïîæàðíûõ ïîäðàçäåëå-
íèé áåç óñòàíîâêè àâòîìîáèëåé íà âîäîèñòî÷íèê .......................... 147
17.2 Îïðåäåëåíèå òàêòè÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé ïîäðàçäåëåíèé ïðè
óñòàíîâêå àâòîìîáèëåé íà âîäîèñòî÷íèêè ...................................... 149
17.3 Ïðèìåðû îïðåäåëåíèÿ òàêòè÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé ïðè ïîëäà÷å
îãíåòóøàùèõ âåùåñòâ ........................................................................ 151
18. ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÏÎÄÐÀÇÄÅËÅÍÈÉ ÏÎ ÐÅÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ
ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÅÉ ÏÎ ÑÏÀÑÀÍÈÞ ËÞÄÅÉ 155
18.1 Ðåçóëüòàòû ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ ïî ñïàñàíèþ ëþäåé èç çäàíèé ........... 155
18.2 Ìåòîäèêà ðàñ÷åòà ñèë è ñðåäñòâ äëÿ ñïàñàíèÿ ëþäåé ïðè ïîæàðàõ
â ìíîãîýòàæíûõ çäàíèÿõ è ñîîðóæåíèÿõ* ........................................ 162
18.2.1. Ñïàñàíèå ëþäåé ïðè ïîìîùè ýëàñòè÷íîãî ðóêàâà, êîëåí÷àòîãî
ïîäúåìíèêà, àâòîëåñòíèöû ............................................................... 162
18.2.2. Ñïàñàíèå ëþäåé âûíîñîì íà ðóêàõ .............................................. 163
18.2.3. Ñïàñàíèå ëþäåé ïðè ïîìîùè ñïàñàòåëüíîé âåðåâêè ................. 164
18.3 Ïðèìåðû ðàñ÷åòà ñèë è ñðåäñòâ äëÿ ñïàñàíèÿ ëþäåé ïðè ïîæàðàõ
â ìíîãîýòàæíûõ çäàíèÿõ è ñîîðóæåíèÿõ .......................................... 165
18.3.1. Ñïàñàíèå ëþäåé ïðè ïîìîùè ýëàñòè÷íîãî ðóêàâà, êîëåí÷àòîãî
ïîäúåìíèêà, àâòîëåñòíèöû. .............................................................. 165
19. ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÏÎÄÐÀÇÄÅËÅÍÈÉ ÏÎ ÐÅÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ
ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÅÉ ÏÎ ÂÑÊÐÛÒÈÞ È
ÐÀÇÁÎÐÊÅ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ .......................................................... 171
20. ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÂÎÇÌÎÆÍÎÑÒÈ ÏÎÆÀÐÍÛÕ ÏÎÄÐÀÇÄÅ-
ËÅÍÈÉ ÏÐÈ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÈ ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄÓÀËÜÍÛÕ
ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ .......................................................................... 175
20.1 Ðåçóëüòàòû ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ ðàáîòû çâåíüåâ ÃÄÇÑ .......................... 175
20.2 Ôàêòîðû, ñíèæàþùèå òàêòè÷åñêèå âîçìîæíîñòè ïîæàðíûõ
ïîäðàçäåëåíèé ïðè ðàáîòå â ÑÈÇÎÄ ............................................... 177
20.3. Ðàñ÷åò ïàðàìåòðîâ ðàáîòû â ÑÈÇÎÄ ............................................... 180
21. ÐÀÑ×ÅÒ ÑÈË È ÑÐÅÄÑÒ ÄËß ÒÓØÅÍÈß ÏÎÆÀÐΠ.............. 186
22. ÏÐÈÌÅÐÛ ÐÅØÅÍÈß ÏÎÆÀÐÍÎ-ÒÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÇÀÄÀ× .... 196
23. ÍÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÁÎÅÂÛÕ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÉ ..................................... 216
23.1 Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü íîðìèðîâàíèÿ áîåâûõ äåéñòâèé .................... 218
23.2. Ïîäãîòîâêà ê ïðîâåäåíèþ ýêñïåðèìåíòà. ....................................... 218
23.3 Õðîíîìåòðàæ îñâîåíèÿ ýëåìåíòîâ áîåâûõ äåéñòâèé. .................... 220
23.4. Îïðåäåëåíèå èñòèííîãî çíà÷åíèÿ èçìåðÿåìîé âåëè÷èíû ............ 225
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ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈß ........................................................................................ 228
Ïðèëîæåíèå 1 ............................................................................................ 228
Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 ............................................................................................ 229
Ïðèëîæåíèå 3 ............................................................................................ 230
Ïðèëîæåíèå 4 ............................................................................................ 232
Ïðèëîæåíèå 5 ............................................................................................ 241
ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÀ ........................................................................................... 243
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ......................................................................................... 251