narerbHoe
ABHxeHue.
flpo6a
BbrrrrfHBaercrr
B roHKylo
sn6pupyrcuyn
crpyfi-
Iy
H
nepeMeulaercfl
B soHy ropeHuq
c reMreparypofi
ropffAKa
800"
C.
B
reqeHue
eAHHHu
MHHyr npo6a npoxoAur
vepes
-ne.rt.
flpu
uauaJrbHoM
coAepx(aHHH
yrJrepoAa
1,5-3496 nocre
Bbi)KHra
ocraercfl
ue
6o.nee
0,4y0.
PasHocrb
repluo-a.
A.
c.
AByx
6arapefi
repMonap
Aaer
Bo3Mox(Hocrb
onpeAeJIHTb
AonoflHHTeJIbHoe
renJro AQ,
BbrAeJrr,rBureecs
rrpn
gKcfipecc-
BbIxHTaHHH
yrJIePoAa.
Snexrpraqecxuri
cltrHaJr, nponopquoHanlsHfi AQ,
nocrynaer
Ha
gJIeKTpHtIecxHfi
crlerquK nocroflHHoro
roKa
vilH
Ha
caMo-
nuceu,
npu
eroM
n/roqa4b
repMorpaMMbr nponopunoHaJrbHa
)nqat.
B.nax<uocru
npo6tt
Xo
3% He BJrHfler
Ha roqHocrb
H3MepeHr.rfl.
VII.2. Crpyxrypnas
cxeMa
xpoMarorpaQa (o)
H rpuMep
guarparrluu
(6).
OnpeaueHne
xHMnqecKoro HeAoxora.
fIpH
cx(HraHHH TBepAoro
ro[-
JIHBa
HeAoll{or, KaK
MbI BH,qeJrH
Bblrue, npaKTr{qecKH
oTcyrcrByer.
Muoro-
-qucJIeHHbIe
BapHaHTbI
npu6opoB
AJrfl
onpeAeJreHzfl
coAepxauui
CO e
yxo:
AflUIHX
ra3ax, KaK npaBHJrO,
He
gKCnJryaTHpytOTCfl.
OAsaxo
npu
clKHraHI{H npupoAHoro
ra3a,
npeAcraBJtrrorqero
co6ofi
MHOIOKOMnOHeHTHyIO
CMeCb,
H3MepeHHe
XHMHI{eCKOrO
HeAOX{Ofa
flBJrfleTCfl
sa4auefi,
3HaqeHHe Koropofi
eospacraeT
c
yBerHrreHr{eM
AoJrLr
[ptrpoAHofo
ra3a
B TonJTHBHoM
6anance
crpaHbr.
Lnn
aHaJIHsa
yxoAslrlnx
ra3oB, TaKx(e
npeAcraBJrnrorrlHx
co6ofi npu
cx<HraHHH
npHpoAHoro
ra3a MHoroKoMrroHeHTHyro
cMecb,
B HacToflulee
BpeMfl
rrpHMeHflrorcfl
xpo]wamoepaQot
Xpotuarorpa$uvecxptfi
rasoanaJrzsarop npeAHa3HarreH
AJrfl
nocrornHo-
fo KoHTpoJIfl
fOpeHHfl nyTeM
OrrpeleneHHn
coAepxaHrrfl oKHcH
yffiepoAa
CO,
ssgopoAa
FI2r
€ylrMep++or? xoar+en+paurar+ asora-
€-
Kr{€flopololorAl,
+
*
O,
H
MeTaHa
CHn B
yxoAsrrlux
raaax.
VupouleHHas
fa3oBafl
cxeMa xpoMarorpaQuuecKoro
ra3oanaJrr{3aropa
noKa3aHa
Ha
pnc.
VII.2.
Or6upaeMbre
Hs
KorJra
rasbr
npoxoAflr
rrepe3
XoJIoAHJIbHI,IK
I w
ortucrprreJlb
2, n
xo^topoM [orJroulaeTcr
BJrafa
H
coAep-
xarrlnecr
B rase
AByoKHcH
yrJrepoAa
r{
cepbr
(CO,
H
SOr).
Aanee
oqu-
uesuufi
ras
qepes
o6paruuft
xaanan 3
nocrynaer
B
Aosarop
4, rge
Qop-
-
MHpyerct
IIpo6a
raga
onpeAeJreHHoro
o6reua. VIe
Aozaropa
qepes
o6par-
uufi
KJIanaH
5 npo6a nporaJrKl,rBaercfl
B
pasAeJrHreJrbHyro
KoJroHKy 6,
HanoJIHeHHyIo
aKTHBHbrrr,r
cop6upyrorrluM
BerrlecrBoM.
Tax xax KoMnoHeH-
TbI
aHaJlu3l,Ipyeuofi
cMecH
norJrorqarorcr
c HeoAnHaKoeofr
vHTeHcuBHocrbro,
ro
oHH nufi4yt
Lr3 KoJIoHKH
6 s
pa3Hoe
BpeMfl
s cneAyroqefi
nocJreAo-
BaTeJrbHocrlr:
Hr,
Nr, CO, CHu.
210
2LL
KonanoHeHTbI
pasAe"nennoft
cMeclr floAarorcfl
Ha
AereKrop
7, rpeAcraB-
nsrculnfi
co6ofi
KaMepy
c
nJlarHHoeofi
Hurbro,
no xoropofi
nponygKaercfl
gfleKTpHrrecxufr
rox.
tr4cno.[rgyercn
ABa
ocHoBHbrx rrpuHquna
pa6orrr
AereKropa:
l) ocuonasHstfi
Ha
H3MeHer{I{H
TeMrreparypbr,
a
cJreAoBaTeJrbHo,
v
co-
nporHBJIeHHfl
trJraruHogofi Hllrn B 3aBHcuMocrt4
or rerrJrorrpoBoAHocrr.r ra3a,
HaxoAflrqerocfl
B KaMepe,
ilpH
uaqanrHofi reMrreparype
100-200o C;
2)
reprr,roxnM4lrecxufi,
ocHoBaHHsrfi
Ha
H3MeHeHHH
TeMneparypbr
H
co-
npoTHBaeHHfl
HVITH B
3aBI4C[IMOCTH
OT KOJrI{qeCTBa
Te[JIa,
BbrAeJreHHOfO
fa3oM,
HaxoAflIrIHMCg
B KaMepe, trPH
KaraJrkrTklrlecKoM
ropeFrHH, npHqeM
rrJrart{HoBaf
HHrb
AoJr}Kr{a
6srrl
pa3orpera
Ao
reMneparypu
600-750'C,
o6ecneqirearcqeft
3alKr.rraHue
AereKTnpyeMbrx
ra3oB.
Taxuv
o6pasorr,
co[porHBJIeHHe HHTI4
gaBVcr4T
or
BHra
'u
KoHueHTDa-
rlkta
fa3oB B
CMeCH.
fl
p
eo6p
a3oBareJrb-perucrp
arop
B
n
pelcraB.rfl
er
co6o
li
H ev
p
aBHoBerrreH-
Hltft uocr,
B nJIerIu
Koroporo
BKJnorIeHbr
ABa AereKTopa.
!.ny,
noBhrrrreHl{fl
ToIIHocrH
H3MepeHHfl
r{epe3
IAHH
AereKTop
npoilycKaercr
.rr.rcrHft
ra-
3oHocureJlb (nos4yx),
a
qepes
nropofi
-
rasoHocr.ITeJrb c KoMrroHeHroM
arailr4sr4pyenaofi
cMecu.
B
4uaroHaJlb
Mocra BKrr,oqaercfl aBToMarnqecrufi
noreHuuoMerp, sa-
rlncblBalotrluri
I43MeHeHHfl
Haflpflx(eHufl Ha
Ar{aroHaJrr4
Mocra,
rrpotroputao-
HaJIbHbre
KoHueHTpauHH
KoMrroHeHTa
rasonoft
cMecH, B BHAe
xpunofi
JILTHLTU
c
nI4KaMH (xponrarorpauuu).
flo Bbrcore
nr.rKoB
Mox(Ho
cyAurb
o
KoHrreHrpauHa
KoMnoHeHroB
e
rasoeoft
cMecu
(pnc.
VII.2, 6).
Ilorepu
TeIIJIa
C
XHNII,IqeCKUM
HeAOX{O|OM
O[peAeJrfrOTCfi
rro
XpOMaTOfpaMMe TaK:
Qs
:
[so,
rSco
+
z2,TgHo
+
Sb,bECHn
a
+>
(c*H,)f;]#roo%.
(vII-23)
3Aecr
CO, Hr,
CHu
14
C^Ho- o6reuHas KoHqeHrilaquff
npoAyKron
HerIoJIHoro
cropaHr4fl B
yxoArrrlnx
ra3ax,
%;
Q,
-
terrJrora
cropaHlrfl
yrJIeBoAopoAoB
Bla4a C*Hn,
xxan/xr;
V".,
-
o6reu cyxux
fasoB
nprt
HopMaJrbHbrx ycJroBHflx,
u3/xr.
tlyncrnuTeJrbuocrb
upn6opa
0,001-0,004o/o
Ha
I rrarr,t Bbrcorbr
nuKa
ipoMaTof
paMMbr.
I,laruepeHue
pacxo[a
TBep,qoro
rorrJrnBa. Hapa4y
c
o[peAeJreHHeM
KaqecrBeHHblx
noxasarereft
TBepAoro
ro[JrlrBa
H3MepeHr4e
ero
pacxoAa
npeAcraBJlfleT
co6oft erqe
HeperueHHyro sa.qaqy. flonrrrxu
Hc[oJrb3oBaHI,Ir
A.[s
grofi
IIeJIH
MexaHnqecKr.rx
ycrpoficrB
Tuna
(BepryrxeK>
He
Aarrw
yAos-
JIerBopHTeJIbHbrx
p$yJrbraroe.
OnpeAeJreHHe
pacxoAa
ronJrr,rBa no
cKopocrn
BpaueHut nuTare.nefi
nu.ur{
He
HarrrJro npHMeHeHvrfl,
TaK KaK Lrs-ga
a6pa-
gHtsHoro
AeficreHs
rrbrJru
3a3opbr
Mex{Ay noABHX(HbrMH H
HenoABHX(HbIMlI
qacrflMH
yBefiHtluBarorcfl
14
HafiAeusbre
gKcnepHMeHTaJrbHo
gaBHcIlMocrII
Hapyuarorcf
.
B
Hacrosqee Bpems, nauloJree
nepcreKTHBHbrM
rBlrflercfl
MeroA
onpe-
AeJIeHHs
pacxoAa
nbrJrH
c
noMoulbro
gJreKTpocrarHqecKux
3oHAoB. 3ou4,
[peAcraB.narcu1nfi
co6ofi MeraJrJrn.recxnfi
rxap
AHaMerpoM.
6-13
MM
HJIII