Siegel S., Siegel B. The Encyclopedia Of Hollywood

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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

HOLLYWOOD

SECOND EDITION

THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

HOLLYWOOD

SECOND EDITION

SCOTT SIEGEL AND BARBARA SIEGEL

Revised and Updated in Part by

TOM ERSKINE AND JAMES WELSH

The Encyclopedia of Hollywood, Second Edition

by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any

information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the

publisher. For information contact:

Facts On File, Inc.

132 West 31st Street

New York NY 10001

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Siegel, Scott.

The encyclopedia of Hollywood/Scott Siegel and Barbara Siegel; revised and updated

by Tom Erskine and James Welsh.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8160-4622-0 (alk. paper)

1. Motion picture industry—United States—Dictionaries. I. Siegel, Barbara.

II. Erskine, Thomas L. III. Welsh, James Michael. IV. Title.

PN1993.5.U6S494 2004

791.43′0973′03—dc22 2003014967

Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk

quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our

Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.

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Text design by Cathy Rincon

Cover design by Nora Wertz

Printed in the United States of America

VB Hermitage 10 987654321

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

For Barbara—

She’s the winner of the Irving Thalberg Award for her sparkling

originality, the Jean Hersholt Award for her kindness and gentle

compassion, and (despite her ardent desire for Paul Newman) an Oscar

for most spectacularly lovable wife. She’s the star who makes everyone

shine in her presence, whose everyday script for life has more wit and

creativity than a Preston Sturges screenplay, and whose score for the

soundtrack of our lives provides the sweetest harmony since Max

Steiner. MGM might have had more stars than there are in the

heavens, but I’ve got the most brilliant, scintillating, and enduring star

of them all. Simply said, I’m proud to be her best boy.

—S.

For Scott—

He’s a man rich in qualities plentiful in the movies but rare in real

life. His selfless devotion, idealism, and high personal standards leave

no doubt that George Bailey lives on in his soul (as well as in Bedford

Falls). Being cast as Scott’s leading lady has made it easy for me to see

that It’s a Wonderful Life. His inventive mind, quiet intelligence, and

delightfully comic perspective are among the Paramount reasons why

these Twentieth Century writers have become two blissfully

United Artists.

Scott lassos the moon.

—B.

For the gals who have lit up our lives.

For fireworks forever.

—T. & J.

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Entries A to Z

Selected Bibliography

481

About the Authors

490

Index

491

Just as filmmaking is a collaborative process, so is writing a book. Of all those whom

we hasten to thank, however, first and foremost is Kate Kelly, whose editorial stew-

ardship, enthusiasm, and unflagging support proved her to be a writer’s ideal. In addi-

tion, Neal Maillet’s efficient and thoughtful efforts made a long and complicated

process both pleasant and worry-free; it was a pleasure to work with him. And we cer-

tainly must thank Michael Laraque for his heroic job of copyediting this substantial

volume.

Special thanks go to Albert J. LaValley, an inspirational professor (and friend) who

instilled in Scott an interest in a writing career and respect for movies as an art form. In

that same vein, heartfelt thanks are also offered to two hugely influential people: Roger

Greenspun and Leslie Clark.

We wish we had the space to detail the reasons why we’re thanking the friends listed

below, but suffice it to say that they were our movie partners, the people who shared that

special time with us between the coming attractions and the final credits: Gary Bordzuk,

Steve Bornstein, Doug Byrne, Heda and Steve (Chan Is Missing) Chazen, Rowena

Coplan, Mimi, Karen, and Laurie Dubin, Gene Grady, Lena Halpert, Claire (Hester

Street) Katz, Steve Kleinman, Rhoda Koenig, Allen (Burden of Dreams) Kupfer, Cliff

(Attack of the Star Creatures) Lacy, Maura Lerner, David Leverenz, David (The Road War-

rior) Luhn, Matt (Star Trek—The Motion Picture) Meis, Eric and Claudia Mink, Marna

(The Way We Were) Mintzer, Jeff (The Thin Man) Pollack, Jerry and Pat Preising, Nancy

Prestia, Stewart (Duck Soup) Scharfman, Carmine (The Godfather) Sessa, Howie (High

Sierra) Singer, and Terri Wall.

Mimi Dubin’s generous help in the area of costuming will be treasured as the very

fiber of true friendship; we tip an antique hat to her.

This book was greatly enhanced by the participation of scores of celebrated actors,

screenwriters, directors, producers, and composers; their cooperation is gratefully

acknowledged.

Finally, we owe a debt of gratitude to Shirley and Samuel Siegel, Clare and Samson

Teich, Lillian and Jack Goldberg, and Stephanie Tranen who took us to the movies when

we were too young to take ourselves. They were the first to introduce us to the images

of light and shadow that would so strongly shape our lives.

—Scott Siegel and Barbara Siegel

New York, NY

May 2003

And for the Revised Edition . . .

We also wish to thank a few scholars who came to our aid and assistance at the final

hour for the second edition: Michael Scott Peters of Salisbury University in Maryland

for writing the new entry on blaxploitation films; Carol Matthews, also of Salisbury

University, for updating the entry on teen movies; Rev. Gene D. Phillips of Loyola

University of Chicago for help with updating Fred Zinnemann; and, in particular,

John C. Tibbetts of the University of Kansas, who wrote fine updates for animation

and for all the major studios. We would also like to thank Dr. Connie Richards and Dr.

Timothy O’Rourke, dean of the Fulton School at Salisbury University, for academic

Acknowledgments