Щавелев Д.С., Васильев Ю.С., Претро Г.А., Резниковский А.Ш. и др. Гидроэнергетические установки

BbIeMKH

HJ,H

ooBaroB

aHHr'

noHHlKeHHbIx

reppHTopr{H;

B)

o6rena

BoAbI

ruexAy

KpHBbIMU cno6oAnofi

IIoBepxHocrI{

BoAnt

n

aeprznau-HoH'oM

KaHaJre

npH

pa3*brx

pacxoAax

BoAbr,

norpe6"rrseuofi

fOC.

Pycnonnte

BoAoxpaHHJIHIr{a

fia

qeKax

paBHHHHorro

T'rra,

6narogatr)fl

MaJroMy

)rKJIoHy

peKI4

H

noJloruna

6eperaM'

drautlalorcfl

tnuo"raJrb+rbrM

nporfl)r(eH,eru

-

200-300

rcn

u

6o.ururofi

ruup

n

oa,-;;;;;;*;

ffi*

a

Ao

+0_E0

rc,u.

Ha

rop-

H'IX peKax

np1

6onruroM

yKJIoHe

peKH

I{

Kpyrbrx

6eperax

6o"rynruofi

o6rev

BoAo-

xpaHI'uIHIqa

Mox{er

6ntrn

norlyqeH

rorrbKo

rpH

rnuu"t.;;""fi';;;;;"

r.ror'Hbr,

r{To'

oAHaKO,

He

Aacr

60"ryru-'lrx

3aTofr.rre

n^p,

,ap["ro

pHH.

Boloxp

aHHJTHU\e,

o6pasyevoe

Ha

Tpacce

AepHBat1HoHHoro

Kauana,

o6lri<uo_

BeHHo

r{MeeT

He6onlnror?

oobei\{.

Marc.

ypoflenD

Iltrau

tlpo1onbubri

npoeunb

=St

o?enb

rvepmfloeo

oy'oeua

.----._

[/nomuua

s '-/

/v/axc.

.ypo6eno

Puc;

3-12.

BoAoxpaHuriprxle

B pycne

peKr{

B.

06uen

Bo[oxpaHfil]tItla

/7no

muuil

Hop

MaJrbHbrM

noAnop

Hb.rM

ypoBHeM

(HnD

Ha3brBaror

;niffi

"J:###rn#i'"i""::f

::J.":f.:':::^yrt:?:-"*v.'oh;;;;.'"noAnop-

HbIx

coopv>xeurafi

MolKer

rouepx{unaincn

"*oii

vt-"e# i";;ffi#

d",l"5,-i"g5:

oop_.j_qoBu""oi*

yp;#

*^

,

,---p6notuffi

HeM i nvi rroD!,h^^F^-

H

e

M (OnyJ

HasbrBaercn

Kpar-r\P4

r

-

*q.#Tl,,,1@

",,0

nu

uo

fffi.,ryffii:{'rT...fii

;fff;*

'{<.r"*"r'y#0,',1,

'eo^

t'repn\otu

!

ytox(gT

6rITu

AonyuleH'

npra

oqeHb

<{adeo

ofwu

E 6^ n.rrrrrv rn;^^^

?"-i!-rt"

t

6onuuax

norroBoao"*

nri,

nu"oa_

5? E

Kax,

HMercuIHx

oqeHb

Marryro

Be-

poflrHocrb

Hacryrr.rreHHf

(ct".

$

B_g

H

puc.

3-25)

YpoBeHb

HavilHsurefi

c p

a

6

o

r

x

u

(yC)

HailbrBaror

.

VPOBHeM

MeDTRor-n nti'r-ar.o

Puc.

3-13.

XapaxrepucruKr.r

BoAoxpaHHJrHt!

HnY

u

VC,

Ha3brBarcr

noJre3ubrM

unr

l

BoAoxpa

Hr4lrtura.

O6reu

BoAbr,

HaxoA,

yrracTByeT

B

pef

yJrHp

oBaHHH

CroKa,

H

II

oobeMOM

52

/luule

HalKe

yMo

rB'/Iflercn

l\{eprBblM

JIHIUb

B

HopMaJrbHbrx

yc,lo

BLrnx

pery/rHpo-

BaHHn

cToKa'

Pa6oqHli

(no'rresuufi)

H

MeprBhrfi

b6rer,,trr

coBMecrHo

cocraB/rfllor

nonHrrfi

o6reu

HrrH

er\{Kocrb

BoAoxpaHHrrr{ula

npH

HnV

a*6;."i_

f

l.

Ta6,cuua

3-11

KpynHefi ruHe

BoroxpaHHJIH

u{a

f\',

n.

n,

H

a

nuegoga

uHe

Pexa

O6tem,

rcut

Crpa

na

for

3anoJ

-

TIC

HTI 'I

noJIe3-

nlr ft

fl,tr

orqaAr,

3epKaJIa,

K.tt

z

TTOJI

.

unii

4

5

6

OyaH-Qonc

(Baxropux)

Eparcroe

Kapn6a

Hacep

(AcyaHcxoe)

Bo.rsra

daHHenr-!,xoucou

3"ns-MaHrexo

fop,qon

M. Xovr'r

t,

'

KpacHofipcr(oe

Balpr-Taprap

Cauruuucn'.

Kyfi6uureBcKoe

EyxraprnruHcKoe

Buxroprra--

Hrtn

AHrapa

3arvr6egH

Hr.r.rr

Bonura

Mauu-

KyafaH

(aponu

flHc-Pueep

I.HHCCH

Turp

XyaHxe

Bonna

Hprrru.r

VranAa

KeHHg

TaHEaHlrq

CCCP

3au6us

IOx.

Po4esun

OAP,

Cyaau

lana

KaHaAa

BeHecya.rra

KauaAa

CCCP

Hpax

KHP

CCCP

I 961

1967

1959

1968

1967

I

968

1967

1968

r970

l9s6

1962

1957

1967

20 {,9

169,3

i60,3

157,0

148,0

141,7

lll,2

108,4

73,3

67,0

65,0

58,0

53,0

204,8

48,2

46,0

74,0

90,0

35,9

55,0

37,0

30,4

55,0

34,6

31,0

76

00c

5 470

+

450

5

t20

8

480

I

940

r

655

2

000

2

000

3

500

6

448

5

500

I

8

I

t0

ll

l2

l3

Asa

TCXHH

r{

ecKoe

iri#rf;"|;;"o"in"ri,"#,

1.*

o e

a

c' lI'

HexoropbreAaHHbre

o

BoAoxpaHH,rHurax

ruHpa. <fr4po

O6reu

BoAoxpaHurruilla

Mex(Ay

orMerKaMH

H|IV

a

Ony

o6uqHo

HagbrBaercg

pe3epBHbri't

H r{cnoJrb3yercfl

Ann

rpaHcQopr,ratIHH

noJroBoAbfl

u naBo/thia.

flpH

@ny

noJIHbIIt

o6teu

BoAoxp

aHHrIHIrla

6yler

paBeH

cyMr\,re

ero

pa6oqero,

pesepB-

HO|O

H

MepTBOTO

O6beMoB.

Za's

z2

zl

n

Exne

v,rt

Puc.

3-15.

KprEerre

AHHaMrrqecKl{x

o6reuoe

BOAOXpaHHJrr.rUIa

Pric.

3-14.

Kpuntre

3aBHcHNrocrH

ropu3oHraJrb-

HbIX

UIOIqaAerl

F H

cTaTHrreCKux

o6reuOs

V

BoAoxpaHfiJruu\a

or

ypoBufl

BoAbr

Z n aoao-

xpaHHJrHI4e

.

onpeAeJIeHHe

o6tenaa

BoAoxpaHu/rHula

oSrrqrio

npou3BoAr{Tcfl

ro ronorpa-

$uuecxuu

nJIaHaM

x{ecrHocrl{.

fl"uaHauerpHpoBaHr4eM

rrJrorrlaAu,

orpaHr.,irqeuHoli

cooTBeTcTBylOqHMH

ropHSoHTaJIfl,MH

H

CTBOpOTU

TIJIOTHHbI,

HaXOAI4TCfl

SaBr4CH-

MOCTb

\,rexAy

BbrcorHorl

oruerKofi

z w nJrorqaAbr,o

,sepKaJra

BoAu

B

BoAOxpaHH-

rIHIqe

F

.=_f

(Z)

(puc.

3-14,

Kpr4lafl

OB).

3arcna

noAcrrnrbrBarorcn

rpnpaqeHHfl

o6reua

L,V

u crponrcfl

KpHBar,

saBHcHMocrH l/

-

f

(ZI

Ouc.

3,14, xpu'nrzi

0C\',

KQTOP,AS

HS3bIBECTCfl

KP HBOI1

O6ICITIA

BOAOXPAHHJIHIIIA

.

Z,N

lvre

pn

6 ot

u

Z^,

53

Ha

p€BHHHHbrx

peKax

c

6onruraN,r'

pacxoAaM'

BoAbr

yrr'rbrBaprcq

cpaBHH-

TeJrbHo 6o.nuurHe

xoneSanun

ypoeHefi

BOAbr

B

r(oHrle

floAropa

H

KpHBHsHa

cBo-

6olsofi noBepxHocru

BoAbt.

flo

H3BecrHbrM

rpaBHJraM

rHApaBJr

HKr4

crporrcq

I{pHBbre cno6oAHofi

noeepxHocrH

BoAbI

B

BoAox

paHHJrHrrIe

npH pa3r1arrHbrx

ypoB-

Hfx BoAbI

y

TIJIOTHHbI

H

pa3_JIHr{HbIX

pacxoAax

npHroKa

BoAbr

K

BOAOXpA:H]Hntruy.

flpt 3ToM

iloryqaeTcfl

ABoftnan

sanHcLIMocTb

o6reron

BoAbr

B

BoAoxpaHrrrJrgrrle:

or orMerol(

ypoBHR

BOAbI

y

TIJIOTHHbI

H

OT

paCxoAoB

IIpHTOKa

BOAbr

K BOAOXpaHH-

"ullIIIY.

-

KpHBbIe

SaBHcI'lMocrH

V.:

f

(?,

_Q)

Ha3brBarorcfl

Kpr{Bbrr\{H

Lr4HaMHqecKHX

o6renloe

BoAoxpaHr.trraula

(pac.

3- l5).

B orAenbHblx

cryl{anx

yquTblBaercfl,

tITo

fpyHTbr.riox<a

r.i 6eperoB

nprr

rroAbex{e

YPORHfl

BOAbI B

BOAOXPAHHJIHTI{C

BIHTbIBAIOT

EOAY

H

OTAATOT

CC

O6PATHO

NPH

cHH>KeHHvI

ypOBHfl

BOAbI,

Irro

paBHOcH,rIbHO

yBe/rHqeHAlO

saxruuecxofi

eNrr{ocrH

BOAOXp

aHLrilHrqa

3-4.

HCNO'IbSOBAHHE

BO.qOXPAHHJIHIq

.q'IN

PETYTHPOBAHHfi

CTOKA

D,nn

roAHqHoro

H

MHoroJlerHero

pgryJrrpoBaH'fl

croKa

HcnoJrb3yrorcfl

BoAo-

xpaHHJIHuIa

3HaqHrennHoIl

el\{Kocrn

. O6a

eiw

sra1a peryJrHp

oBaHHtr

r\4oryr

npo-

aSBoAHTbct

KaK

co6creeHHblM,

TaK

H BepxoBbrM

BoAoxp

aHHnHUIeM.

-Lnn

cyrotll{oro

H HeAeJIbHoro

pery/rapoBaHnfl

croxa

Hau6onee

11pHroAHo

co6creeHHoe

BCAoxpaHHJrHrrle,

ecila

craHrrrrfl

pacilofiolKeHa

HenocpeAcrBeHHo

npH

rJIorHHe'

P

n.pHBaIrHoHHofi

ycraHoBKe

craHr{Hr

orAeJreHa

or

6ue+a

rrJrorr.rHbr

AepHBaIruefi.

BoroxpaHHJIaure,

coeAaHHoe

nnoruHofi

fo,rroBHoro

y3Jra,

npH

Aocr?-tToqHofi

eN'IKocril

N{o}Ker

rrpoI43BoAHTb

rvrFrofoJreTHee

H roAHr{Hoe

pery/rH-

poBaHHe

CTOKa.

Ec"ua

noABoA

BoAbI

K

craHIrHH

ocyqecrBJrrercfl

HarropHbrN{

TvHHe,rrer\4

vJrr4

rp

y6onpoBoAoM

,

pa6oratoIIIHM

IIo/IHbrM

ceqeHueM,

To

HcnoJrb3oBaH

He

r\irn

cyrorr-

Horo

peryJIHpoBaHHr

Aax(e..

yAa/IeHHoro

6teSa

nJIorHHbr

oKa3brBaercfl

BrroJrHe

Bo3Mox(HbIM.

flpn,.

HarropHorl

24epuBar\Hu BcflKoe

yBeJrHr{eHHe

pacxoAa,

norpe6_

JlfleMoro

craH[ueli,

BbI3blBaer

6lrcrpoe

yBerHqeHHe

pacxoAa,

noAaBaeMo]:o

Hs

BepxHero

6leQa

n'rIorHHbI.

flpta

A/rHHHoM

Kauarre

"ii

a-g;;ilfrno,

ryHHerre

cyror{Hoe

peryJIHpoBaHHe

5le$ou

nJIorHHbI

3arpyAHei{o

BcJreAcrBHe

6oarruoro

BpeMeHH

Ao6erasHfl

BoAbI

or

uIorHHbI

Ao

HarropHoio

6accefiua.

B

raKHX

cry'qaflx

crpoffT

s6nusu

HanopHoro

6accefiHa

cneUuannutu?

6accefiH

cyror{Horo

peryJrgpo_

BaHHfl,

xoroput?

Becblvla

BbIroAeH

npH

nlaJrbrx

pacxoAax

"

"6onuru"*

Hanopax,

T'

e'

B

BblcoKoHanopHbIx

ycraHoBKax.

Ec.nu

BoAoroK

xoporuo

3aperyJrgpoBaH,

ro

6acceftu

cyroqHofo

perynzpoedHun

B

KoHrre

KaHaJra

rrogBoJrrer

paccq'rbrBarb

KaHaJI

Ha

nponycK

pacxoAa

MeHbrIe

MaKcrrMaJrbHoro.

I-lp"

"y"ou"6nl

p..yJrr'po-

BaHHv

HcnoJib3yercfl

o6ten'r

BoAbI,

pa3Meularculaltca

Mex{Ay

nJrocKocrflM'

cBo-

6oAnofi

rloBepxHocr'

BoAbI

e

AepHBauHoHHoM

KaHa/re

,,pH

r\{aKcHMaJrbHoM

H MHHH-

MaJrbHoM

pacxoAax

fOC.

A.

Ygnos'n

peryn'po'an,fl

GToKa

Bo,q'xpaH'n,,4a*n

B

yc/IoBl'Iflx

oKcnJI

yara*H^

cyrotlHoe

pef

yJrHpoBaHHe

rpoBoA'rcfl

Ha

ocHoBe

AocraroqHo

HaAeX(HbIX

fHApOflOrHqecKHX

AaHHbIx, TaK

xax

Ann

6o.nlurux

paB-

HHHHbIX

peK

croK

Ha

1nw>xaftlrlae

cyrKn

Mo)KHo

o[peAeJrqTb

11oqr6

TorrHo.

Meun-

ruefi

ToqHocrblo

xapaKTepl'Isylorcfl

AaHHbre

n,rrr

HeAeJrbHoro

per,yJr'poBa'Hfl.

flo

naepe

yBer'qenui

ga6n'aronpeMeHHocrrd

rrporHo3oB

TorrHocTb

HX yMeHbrxaercfl.

Pac.{errt

foAurlHoro

H.

MHoroJlerHefo

npousBoAum,

pacnpocrpaHrfl

Ha

6ylyn

nepHoAa.

llpocrer?urunn

ffB/rflercr

pacrrer

croKa

B

npoueArueM

nepuoAe.

OAHaxo

r

MHOroBoAHbrx

H

MaJroBoAHbrx

JreT

H

CeSO

pacrreTbr

lto

cMoAe/rapoBaHHbrna

(Hanp

H

rHqecKr{M

pflAaM,

B

KOTOpbrx

yunrunar

raHr{fl_Jrer

pasJul.rHorl

BoArrocrn

(cu.

$

S

54

ecqeT

rlo

ooo6uleHHbrM

xapaKTepHCTHKaM,

Locraror{Ho HaAex{Hbre

pe3yJrbrarbr

(crra.

rrcfl

Ha

BbIqHcJIHTeJrbHbrx

Ma[rr{Hax

(cm.

rcs

ra6.naqutrr'r

cnoco6

vrJrt

rpaQnuecxl.rfi

pacqer

no

HHrerpa"nlHofi

rpunofi

(c,.

$

3-5-3-8).

llepnslr?

cnoco6

aaer

6onu-

uryFo

ror{Hocrb'

a

BTopofi

xapat<Tep'Syercf

Harnnl.Hocrbro,

rrro

[eFrHo

AJrfl

a*a-

IrH3a pe3yJrbTaToB

pacr{era.

flpoeffiHble

pacqerbl

tro3BoJIfltor

BbrflcHHTb

Bo3N{ox(Hbre

pe>KHML,r

pa6orlr

BoAoxpaHV'rIH]UJ.,

Ho

He

Moryr

ycraHoBurl

6yAyurlirjl

KaJreH1apuulli

cpoK

lracryrr.,Te-

HI'Ifl

Toro

UJIW

plHo-ro

pelKHMa.

flogroMy

AJrr

ynpaBJleHHn

pa6oroil

BoAoxpaHHJririq

HCKrroqI{TeJIbHo

6o"ryruroe

3HaqeHHe

IIN,IeTT

AncnerqepcKHe

rrp

aBvr1ra (cnl.

$

lg-3

14 l9-4),

Koropble

paspalarblBarorcfl

Ha

ccHoBe

a3yqeHufl

pe)KHMa

goAoroKa,

norpe6uoclH

B BoAe

H

gJIeI(TpogHep

rHH

H aHa,rrlga

AaHHbrx

BoAHoaHepreTgqecKr{x

pacrleToB-

BoAHoaHepreruqecKrle

pacr{eTbr

npu

[poeKTrtpouurug

fOC

,q.n.aoo6-

pa3Ho

npoH3BoAHTb

rro

TeM

X{e

AHCneTqepcKHM

npaBH"rraM,

KOTOpbre

peKor\,reH-

^

Aytorc

n

A[lfl

gKcnryarsqau.

fl_pu

aroM

rrpHHr.tgnHa/rbHo

He

HcroJrb3ymrcfl

AaH-

HbIe

o 6yay[relu

croKe,

KaK 6rr

HMerorrlnecfl

y

npoeKrapoBr{HKa

np6

pacqere

no

Ka/IeHAapHbIM pffAaM;

TeM

caMbIM

npoeKTHbre

noKa3areJrrz

pa6orir

eoloxpa-

HHJIHU{

flpHBOAfTCfl

K

peaJIbHbII\,I

yCJroBrafM

gKCnJryaTa11HH.

Pe>NAu

pa6oru

sKCnJIyarnp

yeMofo

BoAoxpaHHJIHU{a

MOXeT

yTorrHflTbcf

Ha

ocHo

BaHr4H

f

HApOJTO-

rHr{ecKHx

nporHo3oB

cToKa.

Vlcnonb3oBaHHe

nporHo3oB

rroBbrruaer

a6Qei<run-

HOCTb pery/rHpoBaHHfl

CTOKa

B

TOM

CJryqae,

ecJrr.r

ilporHo3br

AocronepHti.

Ouu-

6o'{uurfi

npof

Ho3

Mox{eT

np

HHecrH

He

[o"rrb3y,

a

BpeA.

6.

06ecneqeHHocrb

rapaxTnpoBannof;

oTffaqn

BoAoxpannnhl4a

fapaHtiapoeaHuotl

or4auefi

BoAoxpaHHJrHrqa

cr{HTaror

raparrrlip,onauuurfi

pacxoA

BoAbI

HJIU

CroK,

fapaHrHpoBaHHyro

nupa6orxy

3/reKrpo3HeprH?r

f3c

ry

r.

rr. I_lpn

AaHHoM

o6renne

BoAoxpaHHJrr4rqa

3aperyJuzponauurifi

pacxoA

BoAbl

6yler

rer\{

6oree,

r{eM

6o.nrue

ecrecrBeuuufi

[pHToK

BoAu

K BoAoxp

aHuJr'riry

B

nepuoA ero

cpa6orxu.

o6uqso

npr peryJIHpoBaHHI4

croKa

BoAoxpaHH"rrHUIeM

3aperyJrapoeaHuurl

pacxoA

BoAbI

UJIW

Mou{Hocrb

f3C

rapaHrapylorcfl

c coorBeTcreyroqefr

o6ecne-

qeHHocrbto.

O6ecne'IeHHocrb[o

aaHnofi BeJTHTIHHbI

croKa,

pacxoAa,

Harropa,

MOUIHCCTH

HaSbIBaeTCff

OTHOCHTeJIbHOe

qHc/IO

C/ryqaeB,

r{orAa

ua6nroAa€:Tcfl

,u,aH-

Hafl,

HJIH 6onawan

B€JIH.IHHa.

O6ecnel{enHocrb

Bupa}Kaercfl

B

Ao/rflx

HrrlnporreH-

Tax

or o6qero

qi/'cila

cryqaeB.

O6ecner{eHHocrb

onpeAeJrflercfl

no u"any

6ec-

nepe6ortHblx

Jrer

r4rlt4

no

o6u1efi

AnureJrbHocru

6ecnepbOonHoft

pa6orbr

BoAorroJrb-

3oBarerl

efi' n BoAorlorpe6ureneft.

Ecn4,

Han

p

HMep

,

roAoBorZ

cror

2

.

l1s

*i' ,upu^-

Tlapyercs

o6ecnerleHHocrbro

pr

:95%,

To

9To

3HarrHT,

rrro

B

gS%

Bcex

"[eT

croK

6yler

Plne_1

wnvr

1onblrle

2'l}s

a3. B

ocraJrbFr

ue

5%o Jrer

roAoeorl

croK

6yaer

I\{eHbIUe

2'l}e

n3.

Ho

BcJIeAcrBHe

cesoHHofo

cHHx(eH

ufl, erreKTpr4qecKofi

narpy**

3/IeKrpocHa6xesue

notpe6urenet?

eueprHH

o6uquo

6trnaer

HopN{aJrbHbrM

.L

ee-

ceHHe-JrerHuft

IIepHoA

npaKTHr{eCKH

BCeX

Jrer.

Ec.nu

B

MaJroBoAHbre

roAbr

co

croKoM

IvIeHee

2

'

I}e

JILB

HagyIUeHHe

HopMaJIbHero

e/reKrpocua6x<e

HHfl,

MolKer

6mrn

B

cpeAHeN'I

B

TeqesHe

1752

'a

oceHHe-3HMHero

trepHoAa,

to

o6ecner{eHHocrb

HopMaJrb-

Horo

gJreKTpocua6x<esan

pp:

95%

+

5

o,',

,8760

,=^,!752

-

gg

%

.

8760

-

flpnt

AaHHoM

o6lenae

BoAoxpaHHJIHrrIa

qeM

MeHbrxe

o6ecneqeHHocrb,

Ten{

6onlure

Igryqaercr

3aperyJlllponanHufi

pacxoA

BoAbr,

3aperyJrHpoBaHHafl

N,roul-

Hocrb

I-3C

H

r.

n.

n.ns

nu6opa

napaMerpoB

BoAonorpe6aren

eft

u BoAonoJrtsosarenefr

ycraHaB-

JIIlBaeTcfl

pacqerHatl

o6eCneqeHHocrb,

Koropa

r

npnlnMaercfl

A/rfl

pacu"tbB

pery-

JIHpoBaHHfl

croKa.

Be.nurlHHa_pacqeruofi

o6ecneqeuuocru

Mox{er 6sirn

onpeAeJreHa

sKoHoMHrIecKHM

pacqeroM.

Hltrpuu€p, yMeHb[rafl

Berqr{r.rHy pacqerHofi

o6ecne-

qeHHocrH,

Mox{Ho

tloilyrlHTb

6o.trnrurifi

sapery/InpoBaHHufi

pdcxoa

BoAbr,

6onn-

56

uyro

ycraHoBJreHnylo

MolrlHocrb

f3C

u

yMeHbITIHTb

MoulHocrb HoBbIx

re[JIoBbIx

aJreKrpocrauuufi.

Ho npH eroM

yBeJIHIIHrcfl

ae$uuuT

aHep

rHH

ga

npeAeJraMn

pac-

rrerHofi

o6ecneqeHHocrn

H

Bospacrer

yrqep6

y

norpe6r.lreJrefi

eHep

rr4r.

llfeu

conocraBJreHHfl

BbIroA

no

aHepfocHcreMe

H yulep6a

norpe6ureneli

gHeprH,a

rvro)KHo

nlr6parb

sKoHoMuqecKV

HannuroAHefiuryrc Beflr,rrlHHy

pacqersofi

o6ecneqeHHocru.

AHanorHqHafl

cxeMa

pacrleroB

Moll{er

6uro rrpuMeHeHa

H

AJrn

BoAonorpe6ra-

renefi,

HanpHMep

AJrn

opolxeHufl

3eMeJIb.

3ronoMr{qecKoe

o6ocHosaHue

pacr{er-

nofi o6ecler{eHHocrlz

flBJlrercfl

HcKJIroqHTeJrbHo c,rrox{HbrM

H

TpyAoeMKHM

H Tpe-

6yer HaAex{Hbrx

AaHHbIX

lro

yqep6aM

or HeAoAar{H

BoAbr.

CooreercrByroil{He

HccJre-

AOBaHr4n

H

pacqerbl olpaBAblBaloTcfl JIHTUb

np

H rpoeKTHpOBaHHr4

yHHr(aJrbHbrX

BoAoxo3n

ficreenHblx

o6texros u

cHcreM.

O6uquo roJrb3yrorcfl

HopMarHBHbrMrr

BeJrr{qrrHaMv

pacueruoli

o6ecne,IeHHocru

rapaHTHpoBaHHoli

orAaqu Bor,oxpaHH-

JIHWa,

fioryqeHHbIN{H

Hg onbrra npoeKTHpoBaHHfl

BoAoxo3nficrseHHbrx

o6lexroe.

O6ecne.reHHocrb

no

rIHcJIy

6ecnepe6or?Hux

Jrer npHHHMaercfl B rpeAeJrax:

o/o

.[,nx

npoMbrrrrJleHHoro

H

KoMMyHanbHoro noAocua6x{eHr4fl

.

.95--97

)

BoAocHa6xeHHq

renJroBbrx

sJreKrpocran[ufi

.97--99

)

KpynHbrx

ruApoeJleKrpocraHunfi

.85--98

A,rrq

fOC cpaenur'eJlbHo

He6oruurort ruoquocru

r4 npH He6oJrbruoi\{

yAeJrbHolvr

eece

f3C B

aHeprernqecrofi cHcreMe

.75-85

.[,ns

soAHoro

rpaHcnopra

.

80-95

>

oDoiueHufl

ceJlbcKoxosRficreeuHbrx

geMeJrb

.75-*85

Kponre

pacqerHol?

o6ecneqeHHocru rapaHTuponannofi

orAarru,

AoJrlKHa

ycra-

HaBrr4Barbcfl

BeJrr4tIHHa coKpauleuHofr

oTAarIH

e

oco6o MaroBoAHbre

foAbl c

o6ec-

neqeHHocrbro

Bbr[re

pacuerHoft.

Ecnu

Ans

HopMaJrbHoro

noJrHBa

seMe/rb

npHHHMaeTcff

pacqeTHan

o6ecnerreH-

Hocrb 75%,

To npI4 HacrynJleHHH

oco6o

MaJroBoAHbrx

Jrer c

odecne.reHHocrbro

95-97

%

ueo6xo4l4Mo

npousBoAHrb

[o/rpiB xorfl 6rr rp H

noHu]Kensorl

HopMe.

B. Ilorepr Bo[br

Hs

BoloxpaHunnula

Pasnuqaior cJreAyrcIque

BttAbI

norepb

BoAbr I{g

Bo.qoxpaHuJrr{qa:

a) ncuapeHue,

6)

$nnrrpa[r.rfl

qepe3

To/nqy rpyHra

Hrt,t

yreqKa

qepe3

TperqHHbI

lrauu

BoAoxpaHr{Jrurrla, n)

$u.rmparrnfl

qepes

rero

[Jrorr.rHbr, noA

Hero u n o6xo4 ee, r)

yrer{Ka

qepeg

HerrJrorHocrr.r

garBopoB

nJrorHH n ryp6un,4)

uorepn

B

pe3yJrbrare

oceAaHl{ff JIbAa ua

6eperax

npu

cpa6orxe

BoAoxpaHHJrr,rura.

Ang

l3C

oKa3brBaercs

(norepflHHofi>

rarx<e

BoAa,

sa6u.paeuan ug ee

BepxHero

6ueSa

Ails,

IrrJIro3oBaHHt,

ceJrb,ct<oxossfi-

crBeHHofo opo[reHut, BoAocga6xegug

H

T. tI.

CoopyxeHxe

BoAoxpaHI4JrHur

Bfleqer sa

co6oft

3HaqureJrbHoe

yBeflHrreHHg

florepb

Bo[br Ha Hcna-

peHlre.

llo.rHue

norepH

HcnapeHnfl onpereJrffIorcff

rrpoH3BeAeHHeM

nJrouraAu 3epKaJra BoAoxpaHH-

JIHuIa

Fu

ua roJruIHHy cJroq ucnapr.rBruefics no4u

ftu.

.[,ono.nHllreJrbHbre

norepH BoAbr Ha

Hc[apeHue

W

o,

o6ycnoBJreHHbre

co3AaHHeM BoloxpaHHJrr.rilla:

V

x-

(F"

-

Fu)

(ft,

-

hr),

r4e F" v

Fs

-

[JroqaAb

3epKaJIa

Ao

H

nocJre nocrpofixu

nJrorlrHrr

(4nn

r.rcKyccrBeHubrx BoAoxpa-

HH.rtuul

MoxHo

AonycrllTl

lru:

0);

h"

-

norepu BoAbr

Ha

Hc[apeHue

c

soAHoft

noBepxHocru;

lrs

-

TO')Ke

C

Cyruri.

B

ra6n.

3-2

Aanar

BbrrlucJreHHbre

sHaqeHLIfl

cpeAHeroAoBbrx norepb BoAbr

Ha ncnapefir4e

(nnleol)

c noBepxHocTH HeKoTopbilx

BoAoxpaHlrJrltul.

Ta1nuqa 3-2

llorepn

BoAbr

Ha

ucuapeHile

c

rroBepxHocrn

Bo,qoxpaH[JrnuX

HcnapeHHe,

ntnfeod

B

g4o

xpa

HHJI

r{ule

fleuopcxoe

Hprx<ne-KaMcKoe

Kyfi6nureBcKoe

(irrn""i*o..::::::::

HapAapuucxoe

Pexa

fleuopa

Karraa

Bonra

Apn

Cup

-Aapsn

c

ao4nofi

noBepxHocTH

268

656

696

1000

1275

c

noBepx-

HOCTH

CytIs

!,onol

uureJr

b

Hbre

noTepH BoAbr

.Ha

H,CnapeHue

tt*t/

eod

7L

344

430

650

r

I00

,4ns

6accefiua

p.

{ona

e

pafioHe

Bo.rrrorpaAcKoro

BoAoxpaHHJrHuIa

6nr.rrs

olpereJreHu

xo.ne6a-

HHff

norepb

BoAbl Ha

Hcnapel{He

Hs

BoAoxpaHunuur

no

roAaM,

Koropbre

ltpH

HopMe

67g

uuleodcocra-

BHTIU:

Han6onuune

(o6ecneveHHocrbro

So/o)

rtanueu.lune

(

,)

9b%

)

t278

unte"u

rrr?\Y;:J

""1*'"'i

B aacyru.rrHBbrx

pairouax

A/rs

yMeHbtueHaff

no

HbrM

yMeHbueHHe

nJrorrlaAH

3epKaJra

BoAoxpaHfij

yqacrKoB.

Ecnu

3aranJrHBalorcfl

6o.nora

c unaro.,

6ornrrlg,

qeM

c no4uoil

noBepxHocrn,

To

nocre

co1

a Hao6opor,

yBeflHr{Hrcfl.

Han6o.nsruurir

o6reM

Bo,

He3HaqHTeJrbHoe

HcnapeHue

JrbAa

H cHera.

O4uaxr

TbrBaeTcs

no H3MeHeHHTO

CTOKa

peKH,

npoHcxoAffj

I'lo

cyutecrBy

9To

yx{e

He

ror'rbKo

norepr.r

HcrrapeH

BoAHble

pecypcbl

peKlt

sHl'{oft

yBenHqHBalorcg

no

cpaBHeHHIo

c

ecrecrBeHHbrMH

yc;roBHrrMH,

T.

e.

oKa3brBarcTcrr

co

3HaKoM

MHHyC

nOTepH

BoAbr, ycJroBHo

yr{HTbrBaeMbre

noA

py6puxofi

onor*p"'".nu_

peHHfl>'

O6tscHqercq

9To

reM,

IITO

e-3oHe

sarorineHHfl

Ao

o6pasonaHHs

BoAoxpaHllrrHxra

cHer

Bbrna-

Aii_"?^"?::Ilj:.rb

cyIIrH

H

rle)Karl

Bcro

sHMy

H

rorrbKo

eecHofi

oH

rarrr

u

nonoJrHrrr

croK peKH.

uHeI'x(e'

Bblna.(arcutptli

Ha

noBepxHocrb

BoAoxpaHHJrHrr{a,

cpa3y

BXoAHT

e

6a.naHc

ero BoAH[,rx

pecyp-

coB'

BbITebUgs

cBofiM

BecoM

soAy

H

noBb[uas

ee ypoBeHb.

3.5.

HHTETPA'IbHAfl

KPHBAfl

NPHTOKA

BOIIbI

B

BOAOXPAHHNftqE

H

EHEPTilH

BO.qOTOKA

H,ves

rHApofpa$,

ucxuo

BbIqHCJIHTb

cyMMapHrtft

o6reM

BoAbr

17,

nocrynarculufi

B

Bo,(oxpaHr{-

JIHU{e'

HaqKEafl'

OT

KaKOfO-To

HaqaIbHOfO

MOMeHTa

AO AaHHOIO

MOMeHTa

BpeNreHH.

Paa6'e

Becb

faAporpaQ

Ha

gJIeMeHTapHbre

fipoMexyrK,

BpeMen,

"

Bbrrr^cJtflfl

Ailfr,

KaiKAoro

npoMelKyrKa

cpeAHuit pacxoA

Qcp,

N{o>KHo

orlpeAer'rHrn

o6teiw

npHTor(a

lV'

:

f,

Q.on

t.

-

Kp

vBafl

HapacraH4n

o6teva

npuroKa

Bo

BpeMeHH

Ha3brBaercff

HHTerpaJr,lnoi,

xpunoi.r.

ona

o6ut'{Ho

crpoHTcff

B

Kocoyfo/IbHbIX

KoopAHHarax.'llpu

nocrpoenr,

,nr..pa,rtHoli

xpnnort

np"ronu

rlo ocH

a6cqplcc

orKnaAblBaerct

BpeMfl,

a no ocH

opAHHar

pa3HocrL,

y

r{eiKAy

cy\rMapHbrM

rrpHToKoM

vr

ycJroBHbrM

paBHOMepHbrM

npHToKoM:

a-

Qt

tt.

..

BenuqnHy

ycJloBHofo

paBHOMepHofo

npHroKa

Qv

npHHHMaror

6nHsxofi

K

efo

cpeAHeMHofo.rrer-

Hefi

nenttqHHe'

Ho raK'

999o-t

npoH3BeAeHHe

Qg

ua-in6paHHrrfr

npoivrelKyroK

BpeMeHri

L,t

rasano

Kpyl'Jlyto

qHQpy.

3ro

o6.rrerqaer

BbItIHc.[eHun

il,

noBbrruaer

r.ix

ror{Hocrb.

i,l

ft",tl'x"j

;l

^i'""J::#

#T ifffi

#, tj;,

I i?,T,1

D Bbrr{HcJreHHfl

npHTor(a

BoAbr

B BoAoxpaHHJrnule.

)trcurue__a_M

pacxoAlr,

n

rpaQe 4

-

BbrqHcJreH

cpe,u,-

:Hue

A

lV

-

Q.p.A/,

e rpa$e

6

npneeAen.br

BeJrr4-

]JIO:

tt

To"oot-+

t

-

\'t

4

0

I7: V

"4

0

AW

Qcp

Al.

flplrox

BoAbI

B o3epo

on_peAeflqercn

no

BeJrHrrHHe

croKa H3

Hero

n

xore6aHglo

ypoBHfl

BoAbr

B EeM'

{onycrravr,

uro

cpe4uun

pacxoA

croKa H3

o3epa^

3a

BpeMfl Al

paeeH

Q.p.

e.n"

sa 3To,r

fipoMe-

>KyroK

BpeMeHH

ypoBeHb

BoAbI

B o3epe

noBbrcnrca

na

LZ,

ro o6ren

npnroxa

A

\V 6y4e.r paBeH

cyMMe

o6reua

croKa

Q.pjAl

u

odrema,3aAepx{aHHoro

B

o3epe

a,zF,.r.

e.

L,lv:

QcpAt+

LZF,

rle

F

-

cpeAHflff

nJrouaAb

3epKaJra

o3epa

B

rpeAeJrax

LZ.

flpu

noHu)KeHHH

ypoBHt

o3epa

Be"[HqHHa L'Z

orpuuareJrbHa.

Beanquna

)

nW

npe4craBJrrrer

o6leu

npHToKa

3a

BblqeroM

HcrlapeHufl,..H

Sra"rrrtpaunu

B

ecrecrBeHHorvr

cocro

flHr4l

o3epa.

Ecau peKa

flporeKaer

IIo

runpoxofi ndfirtae'(4o"rruHe),

To 3aron"reHge

ee

B rrepuoA

rro,rroBoAbn

yMeHbluaeT

ilHKI{

pacxoAa,

a ocso6oxAeHHe

noftuu

9T

BoAbI

yBeflHtlHBaer

pacxoAbr

peKr4

Ha

crraAe

troJloBoAbs.

Taxoe

)Ke BhIpaBHI{BapuIee

4eftcrsHe

Ha pacxoA

peKH

Mo)Ker

oKa3arb

11oAbeM

rpyHToBbrx

BoA

rIpH

[onoBoAbe

u o6parHafl

orAaqa

fpyHroBoti

no4ut

B

peKy

B

nepnoA

Me)KeHH.

npr np.i.Krr{po-

BaHI'IU'BOAoXPaHHJIHIq

Ha

paBHHHHbIx

peKax

c ruapoKntvtll

notluaMa

MolKeT oxasaricq

neo6xo4u-

MbIM

IIosrPoIIrb

,qeficteate.nlsuft

rpaQur

nPrroKa

io4u

x

6y.qyrqeMy

BoAoxpaHgJlnrqy, ucKilp;rrafl

67

Ta6ttu.4-a

3-3

^ 5 -n*:poe'nrc _rHrerpanrHofi

xpnnofi

np'roKa

At:10

angru:0,864

-106-

cerci

Llv

:

ecp

at:

o,s64e.rltou-

,,

Pacxo4, Its

f

cex

O6reu

nplrroKa,

MflH.

,t!3

cpeAHe-

cyTor{

-

Htt fi

0

cpeAHe-

AercaAusr

li

ecp

3a

AeKaAy

Ltv

cyMMap-

nait

\Y/

yc.no

n

Hu

fi

3a

AeKaAy

Q,

a't

cyMMap-

surtr

ycao

n

HuIfi

f,

ouar

0-

A:'V-

t

-

I

q..ar

TJ

1954

r955

r956

W l06nr

800

Puc.

3-16.

Bafl

npHr

!,exa6pr

flunapn

l0

>20

)30

Mapr 2l

)

3l

Anpenr

10

>2C

20,0

22,0

20,0

t.u,:

ss,o

146,4

210,0

330,0

73,2

270,8

18,13

':'i

96,4

154,0

233,3

r+s,s

0

18,13

36,26

u:':u

r is,+

221,9

375,9

609,

I

1556,5

1705

0

-l

1,87

-23,74

.

:',.tn.

-104,6

-48,2

t

/D,6

*279,1

+igo,5

+415,0

2l

19

100

178,2

270

ti2',0

30

'so'

0

30

60

90

I

il

240

270

300

330

rbob

1290

pefy,'rupyrcu{ee

BJlt4flnrre

nofimbr

H

noAbeM

ypoBHfl

fpyHroBbrx

BoA.

nlrreN{

cyMMl4poBaHHn

pacxoAa

Bo

BxoAHoM

crBope,

HaxoAr[leN{cff

B

xoAor'I

60ronori

npHTor{HocrH

BoAL,r

B

BOAOXpaHHJI}illte

Mapr

)

/ 955

t956

IIT

mlff

VIWVN

IVil

EIX

illm

r

ln

m

----a

#

1200

/0

I

\l

R2

1600 /0

SN3/ce!

'Mu

+

I

A

14Hrer

OKA

B

xpaHH,

Jtt

I

uo\

t

-a

\s

\)

>,

c5

I

\

'paJrbHa

oAbr

B

IIHIIIC

q

fi

Kprl-

BOAO-

ll

v0

3ro

vro>xso

cAeJrarb,

Hanpr4tvrep,

KoHue

xpueofi

noA

riopa,

c

pac-

Q,:'t!,!cex

400

B rpa$e

7

raSn

3-3

uoxaeaH

ycnoBHufi

paeHonepHurfi

npnroK

3a

AeKaAy,

3 B

rpaQe

g

4aHa

t

ero

cylvlMa'

I{uSpu

rpaQnr

9 npelcraBrlffIor

pa3Hocrb

MexAy

cyMMapHbrM

npHror{orvr

w:) nuz

u

ycrIoBHbIM

paBHoMepHbIM

rpItroKoM

)0,

a/.

fiannue

rpaSu

9

orrura4brBaror

ro ocu opAHnlrln".

KoHua

coorBercrByloqero

npoMelKyrKa

BpeMeHu.

flnaBHafl

KpHEas,.o6ssarerbHo

npoxoAsuas

qepe3

Ece

nonyqeHHble

raKHM

o6pasola

roqKLI,

H

nBrlnercn

Hurerpa"trrHofr

*t;;;fi-;iil;;,

B BoAoxp

a'er-

fluiqe

(pac.

3-16).

--

--r

-r"sv'

'y'rvn

58

t0c

1,/

n

lau

n-

a,-b-C

OU

l1

u\o

8n

I

ur0

,/. n

'tu

Ec.na B Ter{eHHe

KaKofo-tt't6o

npetreHl4

npHTox

6rra

nocroffHnbrr\{,

To

Ha

coorBeTcrByroqeM

yqa-

crKe Billecro

KpI{Bofi 6y4et

IIpsMal

Jrvlr4fr.

Ecnu

npHToK paBeH

Hy.rrrc,

To

H3

ypaBr{eHH

fl

A

-

X"o

L,

-.Iqrlt

upH

Qcp

:

0

nonyuu.r,

a

:

-iCro

t

:

-eyt.

ilnn

nrcloft

gerHtlHunt

lo

(pllc.

3-16) oTJIox{nM

BHH3

cooTBercrB_y}ouryrc

eri

se,rHq

HHy

ao

-

7-:9rjg1::P_.t

iloIyrleHHylo

rotlxy

npoBeAeltl

nptMyl,o

ItHHHro

OB. P"acct6""*

ro

Bep.rHK

anLr

ar

JIUHHH

OB

po

HHrerpaJlluo_tl

xpueofi

Aalor

cyMMapubui.lpu_1o^x

BjAbl

_B

Bo4oxpaua/ruule

3ar

BpeMrr or

0

4o

fu.

ilunlau

paBHoro

o6teua

rp'r{roKa,

uaupui,rep

40d.l0G,rae,'b00.ldu

;[

"

tla.,

6yly,

rraparr-

JreJrbHbr

trrHLiHH HyJreBoro

pacxoAa.

Orpesox

BeprlrKarrsoft

npnwroft

AB or

xoue,rHofi

ToqK_H__HHrerpanbHoft

xpneofi

A

no

rr11u1rHy/re-

Boro pacxo&a

OB,

orIeBHAHo,

BbIpa>Kaer

o6telr

rtpLIToKa

Wo_ea

BpeMfl

To.'Ec.rru

W'o'pazgennti

nu

BpeMs

T

s,

To

Fonyrrnrvr

BefiHrrHHy

cpeAHero

pacxoAa

npr.rroxaQ

6

-

rV

olTol

pacxog

nflaroxa e

nn6ofi

rroMeHT

BpeMeHu

Q:

dV/ldt:

Qv

-l-

dg/dt

-

m

(tS

Fo

*

tg a),

rye

pe

-

yroa

Mex(Ay

oc!rc

a6cqscc

a

nua:aefi

Org

nyaenoro

pacxoAa

e

:

0. Onpe4erreHge pacxoAa

yao6uo_

Ilpol{3BoAurr

rpaQl{qecKu

ilo

nyqeBoMy

Macuta6y,

xbropufi

rnroxer

6gri

nocrpoeg cJreAyro-

ulurvr

o6pasoM.

Hs .rrro6ofi

ToqKH

f

npone4eM

B[paBo

ropu3oHTaJrbHyro

Jrr{HHro,

ua

xotopoft

or"rro#nn

lpoH3BoJIbHo

npHHsr:.i.fr,

upoMe)KyroK

BpeMeuuT

B Maclxra6e,

npuunror{

ltJrfl

HrrrerpaJrtnofi

xpueor?.

Onpe4e.nurn

o6teur

ycJloBHoro

paBHoMepuoro

npuroKa

ea

apeur

Wv

-:

QuT.

Or rbqxu

T,

or"uoxurr,r

BHH3

o6leu

Vy B uactrrra6e,

npHHsroM

Ans

HHTerpaJlruoh

rpuaoft.

llo.riyuenHufi

raxnlr

o6pasou

orpe3oK

BeprHKaJrtHoft

npnmofi

TO 6y7er

rrporopuHoHaJreF

pacxoAy

0u.

JIyu

yc.rroBHoro

paBHoMepHoro

npuroKa

Qv

6yaer uMerb

ropH3oHTaJrbuoe Ha[paBnec]Lre

H

yron

Qy:

0. Cae4oBareJrbuo,

Qy:

m

(tg

Fo

*

tgcry)

-

m tg

Fu

:

mOT.

VctaHoeEB

TaKHM o6paaonr

uacurra6

st,

HaHocHM

Ha

ilwHyaOT u

ee

npoAoJr)KeHafi rrrKaJry

pac-

xoAoB.

Coe4uHao

orAenbHEIe

roqKLI

tuKaJrhr

c

Qoxycolr

f,

no.rryqr{M flyqee6fi

nacrura6

par:xo4o^e.

!,"rra

onpeAe,tteHufl

pacxoAa

iIprIToKa

Q

e

nrc6ofi

nonerir

-nperrreHu

lu

n

coorBercrBy$u1efi

elay

ToqKe

4

HHTerpa.uluoft

xpusofi

upoBeAeM

KacareJrbuyro;

uapaJrJreJrasan

efi, nsuus.,

[poxoAflilIas

roxa

Q2.

eJreHlrfl

BeJlHrrrdHbr

SapenynLrpoBaHHbrx

pacxoAoB.

Ka

ga

ror unu

uuoft

fipowrelKyroK BpeMeHr{

HaAo

BaTT_qaCaX.

deHflTbCS

HHTelpaJlbriag

F:pllBafl 3HepfI,I,a B

KHJIO-

3ueprua BoAoroKa za

nepuoA

BpeMeHE

dt

cocraBJrser:

DAe

ry:

9,8lQH\

-

MolrlHocrb

BoAoroKa

B

KEJloBar"T:ilr

npu

pacxoAe

Q,

nTlcerc

s

Hanope

H,il.

Pae6uaan

Becb IIepHoA

BpeMeHu

T

ua

MaJrbre

npoMex(yrxu Al

u

sar'reHfifl r{HTerpupoBaHpre

cyM-

r.{HpoBaHuel!1,

Mo}KHo B

KocoyfoJIbIIbIX

KOOpAHHaTaX

IIOCTpOHTb r{HTefpaJrbHyro

KpaByro

sHeprr.rH,

opAr.rHarbr

xotopori Bbr{iHcJrsiorcfl

lro

ypaBHeHHro:

t

?

B,-

I

Mdt,

J

0

tt

I

v

Lt

-

!,v,

al"

00

g-

rge

l/,

-

yc.rroBHafl

paBHoMepHaff

MorrlHocrb.

Hriterpalrb:aafl.:r'pvBafr,

gHepruH,

nocrpoeuHag

B

KliJloBarr-qacax,

aHaJIonHrrHa uHTerpa.nrnofi

xpaeofi a1tetros.

C6teusr

B ueli

3al',IeHrbrcfl

3Heprnefi

s KuJrotsarr-qacax.

Moxso ttocrpol4Ts ayuenofi

ttacrlra6

McutHocru,

TaK

x(e KaK

paHbrxe

crpoaJrcfl .nyueeofi

uacuna6

pacxoAoB.

!,.rrn

pacueroB

pelynI'IpoBaHIIfl

no Hurenpansuofi

xpueofi oueprHH Heo6xo4nlro

Bbrpasuru

o6teu

7

BoAoxpaHLIJIHIqa

B

BI{Ae

3alraca

snepfHH

B

KrrJloBarr-qacax,

T" e.

floAcrruTarb efo

sHeprerIa.Iecrflfi

?KBHBarieHr

a:

vI'!'T."

-

367

'

E:turerpa.rbnar,

KpHBafl oHeprI.IH

Mo>Ker 6um

npHMeHeHa, Hairpalrep,

AJrff

KoMneHcnpylou{ero

Peryn_HPoe,aHufl,

ertpa6otru

gHeprHr{

rHApocrauuuft, pacnoJrox(eHHbrx

Ha

pa3Hbrx

EoAoroKax

(cr'r.

[5J).

3.S.

TOEIIIIHOE

PETYNHP0BA}IHE

CITOKA

A.

0npegenetttae odueffia

B0EsxpaH${nE{Er|,a

E$fl

n0sn0r0

ros,ffiqH0r8

pefy.frE4poBaHHf

GT'oKa Ha BHpaB?iF{BaHHe

pegxosa

Bogrbl

foAu.rHoe

peryJrr{poBaHue

[poH3BoAHTcs

AJrfl

BoAoxo3qficreeHHofo

fo4a,

Harra.rroM

Koropofo

crruTaeTcfl BpeMfl

Haqara

noJroBoAbff

AaHHoro

foAa,

a

KoH-

qoM

-

rmEaJIo

troJIoBoAbfl

cJreAyroqero roAa.

5g

Ha

HHrerpannHofi

xpunofi

pnc.3-17

nu6epem r<anofi-nu6o

roA, HanprrMep

1931/32

r. Ilaqa"norra

esl6panHofo roAa

RBJIrercfl

BpeMfl

lo

H

KoHuoM

tt,,

KorAa

pacxoAbr

npr{roK

a

Qo

u

Qo

paBHbr

cpeAHeroAonofi

BeflHr{HHe

Q.e.

llpoae4

n

Ha Jryqe-

BoM

Macurra6e

rlkrtvrro,

napaJIJIeJIbHyrc

ab, onpeAeJIHM

BeJrHrrHHy

cpeAHefo

3a roA

pacxoAa

Q"o

--

Q,

:

32 nllcerc.

flpeanoJro)Knr'vl,

rrro

pa3HHIra B

norepflx

Hcnapeuarr

B ecrecrBeHHbrx

yaJroBuflx

H

npHHa[rrqtkr

BoAoxpaHHJIHUIa

HeBeJII{Ka, u ero

MoN(Ho

npeue6peqb.

Ecnn B eroM

W

600

ro6r3

800'l06ur

1200'

'l06

nJ

V,

=J6Q'l06

n

Qt=JZ

n3/cen

2800't06ur

n,

-),

to6xr

'1600'106nJ

2000'l06nr

Vz:2to'l06nJ

Q2=33,4n/cen

g

a

nt/cen

t00

80

60

40

20

0

Q j=22,4

n3f

cen

Pt'tc.

3-17.

Cxer*.ra

noJrnoro

roAurrHoro

penynupoBauus

croKa

cJIfIae BbIn

ycKaTb

HB

BoAoxpaHr{/rurrla

B TeqeHne

roAa

nocroflHHbrfi

3arpef

yJrH-

poBaHHbrfi

pacxo

L

32

nBlcerc, ro JIHHH

r

ab

6y4er npeAcraBJrflrb

co6ofi

HHrefpaJrb-

Hyro

KpI{Byto

(n

AaHHoM

cfiyqae

npffMyro)

saperyJrHpoBaHHofo

croKa.

flepeueceM

HaqaJIo

KoopAHHar B

Tor{Ky

a, H3 Koropofi

npoBeAeM

ilvtttro aB,

napaJIJIeJIbHyIo fiyqy HyJIeBoro

pacxoaa.

O6teM

npHToKa B BoAoxpaHuJrHUIe 1[/

l

3a

BpeMfl

or HaqaJIa

BoAoxo3sftcrseHHoro

roAa

tu

Ao

.nro6oro

MoMeHTa

tt H3o6pa-

>Kaercfl

orpesKoM

BeprnKaJrbHor?

npxrraofi

I-1".

OrpffioK

1-l'

Aae'r

o6tenl

Qt

(tt-

to)

BoAbI, BbIrIyuIeHHofi

H3r BoAoxpaHuJrurqa

sa ro

xe

BpeMfl tr-to.

O6terrr

BoAbI

V',

eanepx(aHHofi s noAoxpaHHJrnrqe

K MoMeHTy

tr,

paBeH

pa3-

Hocru

W

r

-

Qt(ft

-

t")

v,

6y4et

uso6paxarbcq orp$KoM lt

-1"

s rrracuna6e

o6reMos,

[pr{HflToM

AJrfl

HHTerpaJrbHofi

xpunofir

:

B aro6ofi MoMeHr BpeMeHH o6reu

BoAu

B

BoAoxpauuJrurqe

onpeAeJrflercfl

paccroflHr{eM

rro BeprHKanH

Mexqy

uHTerpaJrbHEilMH

Kpr.rBbrMH npr.rroKa (npu-

2400'106n3

Bar

qn'

b)

H 3aperyJlupoBaHHoro

c{oKa

(e

paccMarp

HBaeMoM

cflyqae

-

rpfl-

l'Iafl

ab).

B

nep

HoA

HanoJIHeHHff

BoAoxpaHHJrHrrIa

err{ paccroffHgfl

yBer'r{n

"urr."

a

npH

OIIOpOX{HeHHH

yMeHbuaroTcff..

J

-

B

Har{a,[e

BoAoxogsficrnenHoro

roAa

BoAoxpaHa.rraule

6sr,ryo

onopo>KHer{Hbrr\{

Ao

ypoBHr

cpa6orrcn

yC.

C

uoueura

to

Haqanaercfl

rro"rroBoAbe,

3a

cqeT

Koro-

pofo

tIpoHcXoAHT

HanoJIHeHHe

BoAoxpaHpIJrHU{a.

O6terr,r

BoAoXp

aHuJIHrrIa,

ueo6-

xo4ul'tufi

AJrr

roJlHoro

roAaqHoro

pery/rnp

oBaHHfl

Ha

BbrpaBHHBaHHe

lpacxoAa

BoAbI

e

1931132

BoAoxossftcrneHHoM

roAy,

paBeH

san6onsrtnny

ooi.nny

i, uoao,,

saAeplKaHuoft

B

BoAoxpaHwnwule.

fna

c

caTeJrbHyrc

a'n'b'

K Bepxuefi

ToqKe

r4ru,

HwLr

ab cpeAHerc

pacxoAa;

rr3i\4epflror

STVIMH

frapaJUIeJIbFrbtNltI

JIHHHfl,MI4

H tlr

:

360'106

n3.

Tat<

KaK IIHHHfl

a'n'b'

napar/reJlbHa

,TIIHwn

ab,

To

B.Mo]\,reFIT

t,,

pacxoA

npHrol(a

paBeH

3apefyJlHpoBaHHOMy

pacxoly

Q,

=,32

tw:tlcerc,

B

noclei

AyroulHe

MecflIIbl

pacxoAbl

tlpHToKa

6sinH

l\{eHbue

gaperVJrr{poBar{Hofo

pacxoAa.

c MOr\,reHTa

t,, HaqHHaercfl

onopolKHeHHe

BOAOXpaHiUAqa.

K

[lOMeHTy

tb

BcAoxparrHJIHr{e

6yaer

onopox<HeHo

Ao

HcxoAHoro

rroJro}KeHgfl,

T. e.

Ao

ypoBHr{

cpa6orxn.'

D,nn

noJIHoro

foAHtIHoro

peryJIHpoBaHHfl

croKa

pasHbrx

/reT'rpre6yercn

HeoAHHaKoBbIe

o6len'rst

BoAoxpaHI4TIHU\a.

}ru

o6rel,rul

AJrfl

pacc\rarplrnaenrofr

peKH

H3MeHnlorcfl

or

250'106

Ao

360'106

*r3

a cocraB".Tflror

26,5-4092

o6terra

croKa'

cBoero

roAa.

llp" pery/IHp

oBaHr4w

Ha

repetreHutrii

pacxoA

norpe6yprcn

HHbre

o6retrsr

BoAoxpaHr4/rHrrla.

B

)IcnoBHflx

SKcn,rlvararryv,

noJlb3yrcb

AucnerqepcKur\r

rpaquKoM,

MolKHo

ocy-

IIIeCTBr.rrb

rro"rrHoe

foAr{qHoe

peryaHpoBaHHe

CTOKa

A,rrfl

r\,raJroBoAHoro

fojla

pelc_

qerHofi

o6ecneqeHHocrl{.

[nn

Bcex

ocraJrbHbrx

6onee

MHoroBoAHbrx

rer

gToro

cAe"riarb

He yAaeTcf

BCJIeACTBHe

HeAOCTaTOqHOTO

3HaHHfi

[peACTOflU{efO

npr.rroKa

BOAbI.

6.

Henonroe

ro.qHqnoe

peryflHpoBaHre

Oqesn

qacro

noneaHltli

o6teu

BoAoxp

aHwJrHrJ\a

V

(p

rac.

3-

l8)

oKa3brBaercr

MeHbIUe

o6tenaa,

norpe6Horo

Alrfr

noJlHofo

foAur{Hofo

pefy/r6poBaHgq

croKa.

B taxltx

cJlyqaflx

I\tolKeT

6ltru npoBeAeHo

.nr4rrrb

Heno,rrHoe

roAgqHoe

peryJrgpoBa-

HHe' pacqeTbl

KoToporO

T&K;)K€

MO)KHO

npOBeCTI4

nO

HHTerpa,tlnofi

xplingfi

LIJI7I

ra6nuquum

cnoco6ou.

1.

fpaQnqec.Nufr

pacqer

pefyJrHpoBaHHfl

croKa

no

H

Hrerp

aJrb

nofi

-{p

usoIt.

Als

o6nenqeHr{fl

pacqeroB

nocrpouMBcno-

MorareJlbHyro

KpHByIo

JJ,

nce roqKu

xoropot?

orcroflT

rro BeprHKa[rH

or coorBer-

cTByIoUHX

roqeK

-HHTefpan_nuofi

kpHnor:r

Ha Befl[quHy

nonesuorl

eMKocrH

BoAo-

xpaHHJIHUIa

V

-

Kpuean

-J

J

Ha3blBaercr

HnxHefi

xoHrponnsofi

nunuefi.

fonv-

crHM'

tlro

Mox(Ho

npeHe6peus

paeuraUefi

n

norepffx

Hc11apeHgfl

rrp6

HailHqvv

vr

oTcyTcTBLrH

BOAOXp

aHHJrHr.{a

I-lpe4noJlolKHM,

tITo

B

nonoe_oAsO

rllapodrasqun

pa6oraer

c

rocroflHHbrM pac-

xoAoM

Qr,

..PaBHblM..nponycKHofi

cnoco6Hocrn

Bcex

ee

ryp6aH.

flpoee4eu r(

HH-

rerpannHofi

xpnnofi

B rorlKe

0

NacareJlbHyw

OC,

napaJrJreJrbHyro

ry,{y

ryp6uH-

HOro pac-xoAa

Qr.

3ra

ilutvrfl

rlepecel{er

,

HH)KHroro

KoHrpoJibHyro

.rnanlr*o

J J

B-ToqKe

B.

flpu 6o"ree

roqHbrx

noAcrreTax

Hy)KHo

yrruTbrBarb

H3MeHeHLre 1',rp6nn-

HO|O_pacxoAa

c

H3MeHeHHeM

BeJrHrrHHbr

Hanopa.

. HaqnHag

c MoMeHTa

t

o,

npoucxoAHT

HanoJrHeHHe

BOAOXpaHHJIHUIa,

,TaK

KaK

pacxoAbl

lpHroKa

oKa3blBalorcfl

6onnrue

npo[ycKaeMoro

qepes

ryp6unnr

pac-

xoAS

Qr.

B

naouesr

/r^eo4oxpaHvrilv,ule

[oJrHocTbro

Ha[oJrHeHo,

a

pacxoAbr

frpH-,

ToKa

Bce

ettle

6ontrue

Qr.

Cne4oBareJlb_Ho,,Har{HHar

c MoMeHTa

BpeMewu

tr,

ilpouc-

xoJHT

c6poc H3JIHIIIKoB

BoAbI

cBepx

Qr.B

naoueHT

BpeMeHH

/,

pacxoA

nprHToKa

craHer

panHuna

Q,

u.

c6poc BoAbt

npeKparurcr.

MonreHr

tz

panencrea

pacxo4on

orlpeAeJlflercs

toqxofi

n KacaHHfl

JrvHuH

ot

n,

napaJrJreJrbHofi

nyuy

paCxo4a

Q".

3a epenafr

tz-l, uepee

no4oc6poc:6yAer

c6pouren

usnutx

waft

o6re*

boaot, ue*-e-

paeuarfi;

orpe3KoM

cftt;

B te.IeHHe

Bp_eMeHH

or,/,

4o

ts f3C

6yaer

pa6oram

Ha

eCteCTBeHHbIK

paCXOAaX,

MeHbIIIHX

Q..'

61

Щавелев Д.С., Васильев Ю.С., Претро Г.А., Резниковский А.Ш. и др. Гидроэнергетические установки

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.