Raps Abazov. The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia
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Index
Numerals refer to map numbers (and facing lexl)
Abbasids, 16
Ablai Khan, ruler (Kazakhs), 30
Abu Jabar al-Mansur, Caliph, 16
Abu Muslim, governor (Khwarezm and Maveranahr),
16
Abu Said, ruler (Timurids), 26
Achaemenid Empire, 7,8
Administrative divisions. See Boundaries
Afghanistan, 47,48
Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan, ruler (Karakh.inids), 18
Ahmed Sanjar, ruler (Seljuks), 19
Airbases, military, 47
Akayev, Askar, president (Kyrgyzstan), 42, 46
Ala Ad-din Atsyz, ruler (Khwarezm), 20
Ala Ad-din Muhammad II, ruler (Khwarezm), 20
Ala Ad-din Tekesh, ruler (Khwarezm), 20
Alash Orda government, 35
Alexander II, tsar (Russia), 31
Alexander the Great, 7, 8
Alexandria in Margiana, 7
Alma Ata. See Almaty
Almaty (Kazakhstan), 33, 37,40
Almaty Declaration (1991), 46
Amu Darya River, 5
Anti-Bolshevik movements, 35, 36
Arabs, 10,14,15
Arabshahid Dynasty, 28
Ardashir I, ruler (Sassanids), 10
Ashgabad (Turkmenistan), 35, 37, 40
Ashkabat. See Ashgabad
Ashkhabat. See Ashgabad
Babur, 27
Bactra (Bactria), 7
Bactria, 7,8. See also States
Bahram II, ruler (Sassanids), 10
Bakiyev, Kurmanbek, president (Kyrgyzstan), 42
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, 49
Basniachi, 35, 36
Battles: al-Qadisiyyh (637 A.D., Arabs vs. Sassanids), 10;
Ankara (1402 A.D., Timurids vs. Ottoman Turks),
25; Balkh (1008 A.D., Karakhanids vs. Ghaznavids),
18; Carrhae (53 B.C., Parthians vs. Romans), 9;
Dandanqan City (1040 A.D., Seljuks vs.
Ghaznavids), 19; Derbend (1386 A.D., Timurids vs.
Golden Horde), 25; Edessa (259 A.D., Sassanids vs.
Romans), 10; Herat (588 A.D., Turks vs. Sassanids),
11; Khojand (1137 A.D., Karakhanids vs.
Karakitais), 18; Manzikert (1071 A.D., Seljuks vs.
Byzantines), 19; Merv (651 A.D., Muslims vs.
Sassanids), 15; Resaena (244 A.D., Sassanids vs.
Romans), 10; Samarqand (1141 A.D., Karakhanids
vs. Karakitais), 18; Talas river (751 A.D., Chinese vs.
Arabs), 15
Batu Khan, ruler (Mongols), 23
Berdymukhammedov, Gurbanguly, president
(Turkmenistan), 44
Bessus-Artaxerxes V, ruler (Persia), 8
Bilge Khaghan, ruler (Turks), 11
Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), 37
Black Death. See Plague
Blue Horde (Mongols), 23
Bolshevik revolution (1917), 34
Bolsheviks, 34, 35, 36
Boundaries: modern, 2; 19th century, 32; early 20th
century, 33; Soviet, 37, 38; post-Soviet, 46,48
British Empire. See Great Britain
Buddhism, 12,16. See also Religions
Bukhara Emirate, 28, 31,32, 35,36
Bumin (also Tumin) Khaghan, ruler (Turks), 11
Caliphate, Islamic, 16, 20
Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC),49
Central Asia-East Asia Highway (CAEAHW), 50
Central Asia-Persian Gulf Railway Project (CAPGRP), 50
Chagatai Khan, ruler (Mongols), 23
China, 6,10,11,13,14,15,29, 30
Christianity, 12. See also Religions
Cities, 6, 7, 8,33,38
Civil war (1918-1922), 34, 35, 36
Civil war (1992-1997, Tajikistan), 43, 47
Climate, 1
Colonization of Central Asia, 29, 30,31
Commodities, 13, 21,41,42,43,44,45
Communication systems, 13, 21; 19th century, 32, 33;
post-Soviet, 50
Communist Party, 38
Communist Party of Tajikistan, 43
Communist Party of Turkmenistan, 44
Communist Party of Uzbekistan, 45
122
Index
Constitution, (1906), 33; Soviet (1936), 38
Cossack regiments, 33
Coup d'etat (Moscow, 1991), 40
Crusades, 19
Cultures, 1, 5
Currency, 13, 21; of Kazakhstan, 41; of Kyrgyzstan, 42;
of Tajikistan, 43; of Turkmenistan, 44; of
Uzbekistan, 45
Darius III, ruler (Persia), 8
Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, 44
Demography. See Population
Deserts, 1
Diplomatic relations. See International relations of
Central Asia
Drugs, illicit, 43
Duma (Russian Parliament), 33
Dushanbe (Tajikistan), 37, 40
Duwa Khan, ruler (Mongols), 24
Eastern Karakhanids, 18
Eastern Khanate, Turkic, 11
Eastern Turkestan, 5
Ecology: of Farghona Valley, 48; of Uzbekistan, 45
Economy: early, 6; medieval, 14; post-Soviet, 41,42, 43,
44, 45; Russian, 33; Soviet, 39
Elections (19th century), system of, 33
Ethnic groups, 4,46
Eurasian Railroad Transportation Corridor (ERTC), 50
Eurasian steppe, 1, 5, 7, 8,10,11, 30
Europe, 21, 28
Farghona (Uzbekistan), 40
Farghona Valley, 46,47,48
February revolution 1917,34
Frunze. See Bishkek
Gas and oil, 3,41,44,49
Gaznavids, 18,19
GDP: Kazakhstan, 41; Kyrgyzstan, 42; Tajikistan, 43;
Turkmenistan, 44; Uzbekistan, 45
Genghiz Khan, ruler (Mongols), 22
Geography, 1
Golden Horde (Mongols), 23, 25, 26
Gorbachev's reforms, 39, 40
Great Britain, 28, 29, 31
Great Game, the, 31
Great Silk Road, the, 9,10,13, 21,25, 50
Greco-Bactrian kingdom, 8
Hashim al-Muqunna, rebel leader (Maveranahr), 16
Hephthalites, 10
Hizb-ut-Tahrir, 47
Hordes (Uluses), 23. See also Mongols
Hordes (Zhuzes), 30. See also Kazakhs
Hulegu Khan, ruler (Mongols), 23
Huns, 8
Ibrahim bin Nasr, ruler (Karakhanids), 18
Il-Arslan, ruler (Khwarezm), 20
Interethnic conflicts, Soviet, 40
International relations of Central Asia, 9,29
Interrelations with: China, 6, 9,10,11,46,49,50; Greece,
6, 8; nomads, 6,9,10; Persia, 6, 7,8, 9,13, 27,29;
Rome, 9,10,14; Russia, 29,30, 31,49; Scythia, 6,
7,9
Islam, 15,16,17, 24,47,48. See also Religions
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, 47
Ismail, ruler (Samanids), 17
Ismailis, 17. See also Islam
Jerysuu, 5,11,18
Jochi Khan, ruler (Mongols), 23
Junghars, 28,30
Kapagan Khaghan, ruler (Turks), 11
Karakalpakistan, Soviet administration, 37,38
Karakalpaks, 4
Karakhanids, 17,18
Karakitais, 18,19, 20
Karimov, Islam, president (Uzbekistan), 45
Kazakhs, 4, 27, 28, 30, 31, 35
Kazakhstan, 2; independence, 41,46,47, 49, 50; natural
resources, 3, 39, 49; population, 2,4, 41; Russian
administration, 32,33; Soviet administration, 37,
38; Soviet economy, 39
Kazakhstan-China Oil Pipeline (KCOP), 49
Khiva Khanate, 31, 32,35, 36
Khorasan, 5,16,19, 20, 26, 28
Khudoyar Khan, ruler (Kokand Khanate), 31
Khwarezm, 7. See also States
Khwarezm Empire, 20
Khwarezm Khanate, 28
King of Kings, 9,10
Kokand Autonomous Government, 35
Kokand Khanate, 31, 32
Kolkhozes, 39
Kublai Khan, ruler (Mongols), 23, 24
Kushan kingdom, 9
Kyrgyzs, 4, 31
Kyrgyzstan, 2; independence, 42,46, 47,48, 50; natural
resources, 3, 39; population, 2, 4, 42; Russian
administration, 32, 33; Soviet administration, 37,
38; Soviet economy, 39
Kyzyl Orda (Kazakhstan), 37
Living standards: Kazakhstan, 41; Kyrgyzstan,
42; Tajikistan, 43; Turkmenistan, 44;
Uzbekistan, 45
Manichaeism, 16. See also Religions
Mania (Turkmenistan! currency), 44
Margiana, 7. See also States
Maveranahr, 11,16,17,18,19, 20,26,27,28
Merv (Turkmenistan), 19
Index
123
Migration: 19th century, 33; post-Soviet, 41,42
Mithridates the Great, ruler (Parthians), 9
Mongols, 20, 25; rise, 22, 23; disentegration, 24
Mountains, 1
Muhammad, the Prophet, 15. See also
Islam
Muhammad II Arslan Khan, ruler (Karakhanids), 18
Muzzafar Khan (Bukhara Emirate), 31
Nabyev, Rahmon, president (Tajikistan), 43
Nasr II, ruler (Samanids), 17
Nasr Saman, ruler (Samanids), 17
Nationalism, 40,48
Natural resources, 3, 41,42,43, 44,45,46, 49
Nazarbayey, Nursultan, president (Kazakhstan), 41
Nebitdag (Turkmenistan), 40
Nestorians, 12. See also Religions
Niyazov, Saparmurat, president (Turkmenistan), 44
Nomads, 5, 6, 7,10,11,30
North-South Rail-Ship Container Corridor
(NSRSC), 50
North-South Transportation Corridor (NSTC), 50
Novyi Uzen (Kazakhstan), 40
Nukus (Karakapakistan), 37
Oases, 1,6, 7
October Revolution (1917), 34
Odygei Khan, ruler (Mongols), 23
Oil and gas, 3, 41, 44,49
Orenburg (Kazakhstan), 37
Osh (Kyrgyzstan), 40
Ottoman Empire, 25
Parthian Empire, 9
Persia, 8, 27, 28, 29
Peter the Great, tsar (Russia), 29
Pipelines, 49,50
Pishpek. See Bishkek
Plague, 24, 30
Polytheism, 12. See also Religions
Population, 2,4,41, 42,43,44,45,46,48
Proselytism, 24
Proto-states, 6, 7
Provisional Republican Government (Russia), 34
Rafi ibn Leisa, rebel leader (Samarqand), 16
Railways: 19th century, 32; 20th century, 33; post-Soviet,
50
Rakhmonov, Imomali, president (Tajikistan), 43
Rebellions. See Uprisings
Red Army, 36
Religions, 4,5,12,16; Islam, 15,16, 17, 24,47,48
Revolutions, 20th century, 34
Riots. See Uprisings
Roman Empire, 9,10,14
Roxana (princess), 8
Russian Empire, 28, 29, 30, 31,32,33
Russians, 4
Russification, 32, 38
Saman Khuda, ruler (Samanids), 17
Samanid Empire, 17,18,19
Samarqand (Uzbekistan), 18,25,33,37
Sassanid Empire, 10,11,14
Scyths, 6, 7,9
Seleucid Empire, 8
Seljuks, 18,19, 20
Separatism, 46
Settlers, 5, 6,7,11
Shah Rukh, ruler (Timurids), 26
Shah-n-Shah, 9,10
Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 46
Shapur II, ruler (Sassanids), 10
Sheibani Khan, ruler (Uzbeks), 27
Shi'a, 19, 26. See also Islam
Silk cocoons, 10
Sogdiana, 7. See also States
Sow (Kyrgyzstani currency), 42
Somoni (Tajikistani currency), 43
Soviet Government, 34
Soviet Union Treaty (proposed), 40
States: Alexander the Great, 8; ancient, 9,10; early
ancient 6, 7; early Turkic, 11; Islamic, 16; medieval,
17,18,19,20,25, 26,27,28; Mongols, 22,23, 24;
post-Soviet, 41,42,43,44, 45; Russian, 32,33;
Soviet, 35,37,38
Steppe. See Eurasian steppe
Sum (Uzbekistani currency), 45
Sumbad Mag, rebel leader (Khorasan), 16
Sunnis, 17,19. See also Islam
Syr Darya River, 5
Tajikistan, 2; independence, 43, 46,47, 48,50; natural
resources, 3,39; population, 2,4,43; Russian
administration, 32, 33; Soviet administration, 37,
38; Soviet economy, 39
Tajiks, 4
Taliban, 47
Tamerlane. See Timur
Tan Khaghan, ruler (Turks), 11
Tarim River basin. See Eastern Turkestan
Tashkent (Uzbekistan), 33,34
Taxes, 13, 21
Teiige (Kazakhstani currency), 41
Territorial disputes, post-independence, 46, 48. See also
Boundaries
Terrorism, war on international, 47
Timur, ruler (Timurids), 25
Timurid Empire, 25, 26,27
Toghril Век, ruler (Seljuks), 19
Tolui Khan, ruler (Mongols), 23
Trade, 2, 6,9,10,13,14,21, 25,29; 19th century, 32;
post-Soviet, 50
Trans-Caspian Province Government, 35
124
Index
Transoxiana, 6,10, 27
Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Central Asia
(TRACECA), 50
Transportation, 13, 21, 33, 50
Tselina (virgin land campaign), 39
Tulip (Yellow) Revolution (Kyrgyzstan), 42
Tumin (Bumin) Khagan, ruler (Turks), 11
Turkistan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 35
Turkistan Governor-Generalship, 32
Turkmenbashy, president (Turkmenistan), 44
Turkmenistan, 2; independence, 44,49, 50; natural
resources, 3, 39, 49; population, 2,4, 44; Russian
administration, 32, 33; Soviet administration, 37,
38; Soviet economy, 39
Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline
(TAPIGP), 49
Turkmenistan-Iran-Turkey Gas Pipeline (TITGP), 49
Turkmens, 4. See also Turkomans
Turkomans, 26, 28, 31. See also Turkmens
Turks, 11,14,18, 23
Ulugh Век, ruler (Timurids), 26
Uluses, 23. See also Mongols
United Tajik Opposition Party, 43
Uprisings: 8th century, 16; 19th century, 33; early 20th
century, 34; interethnic Soviet, 40
Urbanization, 33. See also Cities
USSR, dissolution of, 40
Uzbek Khanate, 27
Uzbekistan, 2; independence, 45,46, 47,48,49,50;
natural resources, 3, 39,49; population, 2,4,45;
Russian administration, 32,33; Soviet
administration, 37, 38; Soviet economy, 39
Uzbeks, 4, 27
Uzgen (Kyrgyzstan), 40
Valleys, 1
Vernyi. See Almaty
Virgin land campaign {tselina), 39
Volga River, 21
Water resources, management of, 48
Western Karakhanids, 18
Western Khanate, Turkic, 11
White Army, 36
White Horde (Mongols), 23
World War I, 34
Yueh-Chih, 8, 9
Zhuses, 30. See also Kazakhs
Zoroastrianism, 7,12. See also Religions