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xo.rro,qu.rrinoft

ycraHoBxe

(8-5).

OaxrH'{ecKH

HMeer

MecTo

Jrr{rub

AHHaMHrrecKoe

paBHo-

BecHe' T.

e-

nocTeneHHoe

H3MeHeHHe

noJloxeHufi panuoBecHfl,

KoTopbre

HapyuarcTcfl

OTHocLITeJIbHo

MeAJIeHHrTM

HgMeHeHr.reM

9t

no Mepe

saMo-

paI(HBaxHr

rpyHroB.

flpoqecc

Mox(Ho

npeAcraBnrb

cJreAyrcrqr{M

o6-

pa3oM.

BospacraHue

TenJloBoro

conporr.rBJreHgfl

Bflerrer

sa

co6otr'

y*a"o-

rueHHe

TenJIOIIOrJIOUIeHHfl

KOJTOHOK;

TenJroBoe

paBHoBecHe

xoJroAr4Jrb-

Hofi

yctaHoBKH

npu

oroM

HapyruaeTc.rr

sa

crreT

[oflBJrrroulerocfl us6urxa

xoJIoAonpoH3BoAHTeJrbHOCTr.r

KoMnpeccopa

;

gror

us6Hrox

pacxoAyeTcfl

Ha

noHHX{eHHe

TeMneparypbr

paccoJra;

noHHx{eHHe

reMneparypbr

pac-

OftnA DI-TDI-ID4rAm b ^D^'^

vvvrq

surrDrr'(rrvr

r

D

LDvru

ulcPeAbr

naAeHHe

xoJIoAonpoH3BoAHTeJIbHocrH

7rp:l

(l'o)

t,p

:

i

@rr).

(8-5)

(8-6)

KOMIIpeCCOpa

LI

yBeJIHqeHHe noTepb

XOJIOAa;

TCn,Ilonoi'.1{rlllt.illle

Iio.TO-

HOK

HeCKOJIbKO

BO3paCTaeT,

HO

IIe

AOCTHfaeT

nepBOIISII.ilJbllt;iO

3IIflII€'

Hufl.,

flogHxeHue

reMneparypbr

pacco.[a

IIAeT

Io

rex

lioi],

no],:a

IIe

Boc-

craHaBJIHBaeTCff

TenJIOBOe

paBHOBeCHe.

n.noqeee

npoucxo.nnT

HenpepbrBrro:

yBeflI'IqcIIIIe

relr.'ronoro conpo-

TI{BJIeHHfl

3aMOpOXeHHbrX

rpyHToB

conpoBo>I{AaeTctt

O.I\IIoBIlei{eIIIIo

no-

HHx(eHI{eM TeMnepaTypbl

paCCOJIa,

yBefiHIIeIIIIel\t

norepli

\o.T0Jla

I{

na-

AeHr{eM

xoJIoAonpou3BoAHTeJIbHoCTI'I

KOM[peCCOpa.

floHux<eHHe

TeMnepaTypr,r

paccoJla IIMceT npe,le.il,

IIO

Ar.',-rrlI;+(elll{l{

Koroporo

AaJrbHefiuee

3aMopaxcieaHHe

HAeT

npu nocrs;liiliriii

Tcunepa-

type;

npH oAHocTyneHrraTbrx

aMMrraqHr,rx

ycrailoFKa\

Tt).illeFaT.ypa

XOJIOAOHOCHTeJIfl

COCTaBJIfleT

npHiltepHo

t*

-=

--

20

"C,

fi

I;I)II

AByX'

cryleHrlarblx

t*

:

-

40

"C.

3saqeurte

9t,

rlp]I

F;oropo:r 1,.

,ilocr]rraer

npeAeabHo

Huexoft

BeJII{rIrIHr,r,

oflpeAeJlflerctl

c.te,{.vx}_tt.tll}r

o6palou.

flo xapaKTepl{cruKe

xoJIoAII.IItHofi

MaIuIIHbI

IIn\o-IflT

Q,<.

rrp

}lpu

;iau'

Hofi

npe4eJrbHo

HHsrofi

/*; aareu

no

(8-l)

nuurrc.rtrnr

cocrRer(-rRYKlu(ee

9R

:

(l*-l,p)lQ,pi

(.8-7)

SAeCb

trp

Lr

Qrp

-

OTHOCflTC1

K npeAeJIbHbIM

3llaqellllfll\I.

flepnufi nepuo4

saMopa>KHBaHHfl,

Bo BpeN{tt

KgToporo

t* noHu-

xaeTcfl,

o6H.IHo

HeBeJIHK;

nropofi

nepnoA,

I-IpII

Iioroport

tn'- const,

KaK [paBHJIo,-

ocHosHofi.

Vphrnenue

renJroBoro 6auanca

H

ero

cocraBJl{I}ou{lte,

Ir'rtcrtolprtM

yTE

oAHHoqHoro

JreAorpyHToBoro

[r{Jr}IIrApa

elttnrtuttoii

.:l-lnt}}t

tr.r}t

MaccHBa

JleAorpyHtoeofi

creHKH,

npHxoAflIrlcrocfl

lta

e.rli:IIIItt\r

/1.:rttIIbI

tpy6n:

npu orcyrcrBuH

Qu.ntrpallaonHoro

noroKa

Qa:

Qrp-|rp-4"i

npr{

HaJrwqHV

QunlrpallnoHHoro

noroKa

(8-8)

(8-e)

18-10);

(8-l

l)

4,---''

qrp-Io-4..

3AeCr

Qn-

tennOgoti

1OTOK

oT crpUrroii

1'cll,I6'tbl ,'lcJr)Ot')Jl;:l3oBa-

Hufl,

BblAeJlflIouleficg

Ha

rpaHlg1e

npoMep3aIIIIfl,

Br-/rul

Q,r,

-

TeILiIo'

goti

notoK, nocTynarculHft

us

3aMopolKeHl{oro

rpvltra

x

rp5fie;

7rit

-

TenJroBofi

norox

I{g

HesaMopoxeH}roro

rpyHTa

K

noBcpxltocrll:le;IorpyH-

ToBoro

qHJIHHApa;

Qa-

ren,rtoeort

noroK

or

rfll"rl'rpatli{{irtiloro IIo-

ToKa

K noBepxHOCTH

JIeAorpyIIToBoIo

qIIJIIIIITtpa;

8,

-

len.rosotli

no-

TOK

OT

nOHHX{eHHfl

TeMnepaTypbr

yx{e

3aMopox(elllloro

ipvH'iil. Re,nn-

rIUHa

qc

yLlUTbIBaeTCfl

yBeflHrIeIIUeM

paCqeTI{OrO

3IIaqerIIIfl

I'y, Cor"itacHo

(5-e).

nnn

oAuHoqHoro

JleAorpyHToBoro

IHJIIIIIApa

llrlee\l

q'--ZnL"P

i&

;

t'L t

da

(n

uactosrqefi

HIaBe

lIHAeKc

(M>

yKa3blBaer

IIa 3ailIopoitictltll,rll

i'p5t111,

HHAeKc

(TD

-

Ha

raJIbIfi

rPynt).

CneAosareJrbHo,

coruracHo

(T-l),

rAe;!;

q_aAuyc

rleAorpyHroBoro

qHrrHHApa.

LrrrpeAeJreH'e

4rp

[pe4cTaBJIfleT

SHarIHTeJrbHbre

KaK

ero

poJlb

HeBeJIUKa,

To

MO)I(HO

npHHsTb

Qry:2nR{,s,

(8-

13)

rAe

4s

-

HHTeHcHBHocrb

TenJlonputbxa

K

noBepxHocTn

no"rly6ecxo-

He.IHofi

noJlocbr

l\^

4s

-

N'T

(T

-t*)..

(S-14)

Y

Jrr,

Cpe4rree

3HarreHue

{s

sa

npoMexyroK

BpeMeHH

x_ro

(8-

I5)

Ec.nH

HeT

AocraTorlHbrx

HcxoAHbrx

AaHHbrx

AJIfl

pacqeTa

{5,

MOX(HO

6onlulyro,

HepeAKo

orpeAe.

npnrrnMarb

gs

-

4-6

Br/nr2.

5

OTflHrrHe

oT

_grp

sHarreHLre

gh

HFpaeT

nnrorqyrcr

pont

[5]

l:

es:84@(r-t*).

(8-16)

nnn

pflAa.JreAorpyHToBbrx

rrHJrHHApoB

nocJre

r{x

cMbrKa-

H

H n

HMeeM

(pnc.

8-l)

Qn-

ztLv

+,

n-

L

'"(;;)

,

(8-le)

c[eAoBareJrbHo,

cofJracHo

(8_l),

n__

_

2lvMl

(tK

-

tril

Q,p:

-;;+

"

'

Yrp

:218s,

(8-20);

(8-21)

r4e,{s

onpeAeJl.aeTcfl

KaK

14

AJrfl

JreAorpyHToBoro

rIHJrHHApa.

HutescuBHocrb

renJlonpuToKa

o"

QrinorparruoHHoro

noroKa

K

eALr-

HHr{e

noBepxHocrH

JreAorpyHronoft

creuxpr panHa

(8-r2)

TpyAHOCTH,

HO

raK

(8-17);

(8-18)

HHrerpupyn

(8-22)

B npeAeJrax or

Ut

^o

llr

-i-

S

rr

,\;Rilritsafl

pe-

3yJIbraT,

HaxoAHM TenJlogoft noroK or

Qunr,rpar(rronllofo

rroT{-rria, nprl-

xoAsulnlicn

Ha

eALIHHUy

AJlurrbr

rp1'6r,r

i:

Cxopocrr

BaMop:rxvBaHts

He$u.nmpyrcqux rpyltron.

Cropocrn

saMopax<vBaHnfl.

npu

orcyrcrriHu

Qunrrpaul{onrloro

noroxa

Haxo;lflT

nyTeM

noAcraHoBKH cocraBJrflrorqux VTE

n

(8-8)

Ir

oro rrln'crprrllonar{rrfl.

Oau

Horruu fi

JreAo rp

yHro sLt fi

rlrrJI

Ii tI;I

p.

llol-

craBrrnn

(8-10),

(8-12)

rr

(8-

13) B

(8-8)

v rrp HHHMa r

Qrp

:

const,

IzMeeM

2nLyR

-{R-

:

Q,p-2n,q

sR

,

u-dt

(8_25)

2nLyR

-4L

-

2n?'*(t*-

t,p)

-2"r,75R.

'

dr

ln

(R/ro)

(8-24)

orKyAa, r{HrerpHpyfl

B

npeAeaax oT

R;

Ao

R

H

Pltc. 8-1. 3artopo;t<eltttlitli

prtl.o:i

Ko.4i^:t{oK

or

r0

Ao

x, HaxoAHM

pac-

Qnnrrpi'roT;;,H';'ll.,

'',ii"1?,,,1;'iud;irlirn

'reiro-

qeTHyro

3aBHCHMOCTb

r-ro:+lr,r, rn

ffi

-(R

*

",)],

^

A/r:

Qrpl(2n1i.

rAe

(8"26)

(8-27)

flpe,4enruufi

pa4l4yc

HaxoArrrcfl

us

(8-25)

n,vr,r',r

nprrpnnrrrrRafl

r'pa-

sofi

qacrn

ypaBHeHHfl

HyJrro

RnP:

Nr'

(8-28)

Ecnw 3aMopilKHBaHHe

nporr3BoAurcfl

nprr

trp

:

const,

)rTE

(8-8)

nplrHuMaer

cJreAyrcqufi BHA:

(8 2e)

/J.nn

o6ner.reHHs IIIITeTpHpoBaHl{rr

Jrrrrrca

l)ri3ycrr

Bi-rpaixeirne

R

ln

(R/ro);

s

npeAerlax

Ao R

:

2

M

R

ln

(R/ro)

:

aoR-bo,

(8-30)

rAe a0,

bo

-

nocroflHtlble

xoscftplrulletlTbl;

nptr

/'qy

:-

0,Oii; 0,075

H

0,1

n,t r{MeeM coorBercrBeHHo e0:3,91; 3,76 tt

3,22;

bu

:=

9,3.

Huterpnpyn

(8-29)

c

yueror*,r

(8-30),

llaxoAII\I 3aRrlcnr,focrrr pn,;trTyca

JreAorpyHToBoro

rIHJrHH.rIpa oT BpeMeHH

r-ro:L-y

f(r,-+)

r"T,,-?--(n-R,,)l

,

(8.31)

qS

L\

uvt

rvg--A

I

A

l

bA:

'vT

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COO*

(8-22);

(s-23)

Nz

:

l'M

(tK

-

frp)

+

bo

',

4sao

as

flpe,q,e.nrnuft

panr4yc

Rnp

ln

(R"o/ro)

-

Nz

Hnr.r

npn6nnxeHHo,

noJrbsyrcr

(7-30),

Rnp:(Nz*bs)las.

P

sa

Jr

eAorp

yHToBbr

x

rrHJr

r{ HAp

oB

cMbrKaHHn.

floAcrasrrneM

(8-17),

(8-20)

H

(8-21)

Jlafafl

qrp

:

const,

HaxoAI,IM

2lLv+:Q,p-2lqs.

dr

"Y

cxopoc*

saMopaxu'aHufl

elr.nurpynrrlr{x rpyHro'.

}-TD

cJyxrrr

(8-9).

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H

o

ro.I

eAo

rp yH

ro

BoFo

u

rf

.{r{

rrAp

a

HcroJlbsyeu

(8-10),

(8-12)

H

(g-tO).

ec,,ira"

0,.,,

_-

const,

prr.er,{

2n.1...P

dR

-,

- ^ ^/T ^ ^ h,,".*

(8-43)'

dr

-

yrp-

n.

-V

A,

I'Ae

..'

=:

o

y

f't

(f

_

/,.).

.(U-;;

,u"f;#l.rp'poBanue

(8-48)

nprrao4rrr

K

crrcA]:rorreu),

pacqe'

rro:uy

),paB-

r-ro

:2n

+[*

(o'''-RB'')

*

ff,

(R

-.Ro)

1

2A,'u

x

(y'R-_

/R;)

+

2N34r";Ff],

(8-45)

NOCJI

B

(8-8)

(8-32)

(8-33)

(8-34)

e

ux

H,

no-

(8-35)

(B-36)

(8-37)

(8-38)

(8-3e)

SAecs

X

-

noJroBHHa

roJrrrluHbr

JreAorpyHroBori

cresxu.

Ecnz,

coruracHo

(8-14),

ilpuHuMarb,

rrro

gs

:

f

F),

ro, r{Hrerpn-

pyn

(8-35),

HaxoAHM:

rAe

N

_

BbIIIHCflffCM

flpeAelnuoe

x:

#(r-ro)-

+(4;-

4,,)*Xo,

I,

k.-{ry(r-t*).

Ecnu

Qs

:

const,

BMecro (8-36)

noflyrraeM

x-(#-t)

(r-rs)*Xs.

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trp

:

const, rzMeeM

BMecro

(8-35)

2tL,+:W-2tqs'

Flpuuuuan

{s

:

const,

nocJre

HHTerpr4poBaHHr

HaxoAHM

r-ro:

L_v

[

(r,

*

n)r"

{i

-

Ti

-6--x,).l,

(8-40)

fs

L'

Ns-x

AI

lt

(l*p

-'

\

_

'[Tpt

_a.

qs

uo

(8-19).

3HaqeHHe

rroJryroJlrrlnHbr

JreAorpyHrosoft

gaBecbr:

v -Ar /o/o\

zr

sp

-

rY

g.

t(]-

'r.6,

Rno

-

1yf.

Ecnn

rrHpKyJIrrIHff

paccoJra

B

Ko"rroHKe

n

TOrAa

cKopocTb

TaflH:'/,fl

HMerolllelocfl

o[peAeJrff

eTcfl

SaBr{cHMOCTbro

.

(8

47)

npeXlilltlaeTCtT,

T{)

grp

==

0,

,rye;lorPYlITOnOrCi

tlrr.Tr{

HIpa

r_ro

:

+

(n3'_R,rJ.

Ilpru

trp

:

const

BMecro

(S-43)

HMeeNr

2nLvR+

W-

,4\/T.

(8-48)

(8-4e)

(8-41)

nnn

o6.[er.IeHr{fl

l{rrrerprrpoBaHan

(g_4g)

ncno.rrb3\,ej\r

sai]irctn\rocTh

4tr

ln

(R/rs)

=

aoR.

(s_bg)

B

npeAeJlax

Ao

R

:

1,5

rvr

Mo>Krro

rpnrrflTr,.rrplr

rr)

==

0,t)5;

0,02s

n

0,1

u

coorBercrBeHto

ao

-_-

B;

2,sg

u'z,B

w-t/2.'IlaxoalrM,

qro

cl(o_

pocTb

pocra

JIeAOTpyHTOBOTO

r{HJrHHApa

onpeileJTrreTcrr

3aBrrcrrMocTblo

r-"Eo:

'ni,

t-+

fil

n'-l/

riJ-2h,0(,1,rn

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)

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+21/

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lT-

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(8-5t)

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(l*

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1r0

l,f

n

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8-2.

tpaQr{K

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pocru

o6pasoaaHr.rff'

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rIH-

nuHApa IIpH nocToflHHoM

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HI{I'I

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q+

q0

0,6

1,0

1,2

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1,6

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2,0

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Pnc.

8-3.

fpaSux

g.nr

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pocTH

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neAorpyHToBoro

q[nrrHApa

Itpll:

nocTotHHoM

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KOJIOHKII

Hrlz

0,1

0,08

0,06

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0

ry

q2

0,J

44

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onpeAeJre-

HHrr

cKopocttt o6pa3oBaur{ff JreAo-

fpyHToBoro rIHJrlrHApa

rlpu noc-

rossuofi TeMneparype

paccoJra

n4z

0v

0,6

1,0

1,5n

Pr.rc.

8-5.

fpa$ux

AJrs

onpeAerreHr.rrr

cKopocTlr

Taff,Hrrfl.

JreAofpyHToBofo

rlHnHHApa, KorAa TeMnepaTypa

paccoJra

nocTorHHa

-d+-,+

Ecnu

noA

BJIH'IIHeM

I't3MeHIIBrIIrIxcrr

yc.rroRrT

qo\r(.ii,1ai{iiiBarrrtfl,

}ra-

rpl'Mep

noBbrrrre'r{n

reMnspar{prl]

p_acco.oo

(rFr6r,r)

,;;;i-,i;;,,.,,,rFru,nonn-

Horo

noToKa.

JleAorpyHrogrni.r{H.,rHHAp

6),,.r,cr

rarrrb,

3aBIIcHr\{ocrIJ

(8-51)

cnpaBerrrvrBa,

Ho

BMecr"

aliii'iifi"

"];""u

4r

cgr;

co{ir'ercrB},ro-

IIIIde

pacqeTHblg

eaEl.r^!.^'.\^r!!

!^!!! ! ^

ni,;A;;;;;;;;;'"vLrtr

A'lHbr

Ha pIIc'

d-zr

rt

tJ-jr'

1t

10

I

\/G

ln

(Rno/ro) :

doNu

rr1tr4

Rnp

=

^l/u.

P

n

l,

JleAolp

ylrtoBbr

x

r\vr

itrr

rr,;[

r]

o iJ

il o

c"ry

e

rr

x

c M

bI

K

a H

fi

g''

B

orJII{IIIIe

or

3at\{opa)ririr}*;rr,,

Irprr

orc]],Tg.rBrirI

QunrrpaquoHHoro noToKa

s,(ecb

ro,uulufa

Jre,{ofplrnronc;fi

crcrrr(rr

3a-

'/,

IITO

BIII{rrO

rr:}

Br,rlliliti.oiltrfl

jIJfI

0,,,

)Tcfl

Bo

Bper\rerrr{

nocroiirrrofi

lr

lil

3-24)

B

I/TF

(S-g),

rri!1,olrll{

npr{

2tLv

+

:

Q,p-,Qry.i,

(8-55)

orKyAa

xi:

W(r-ru)

j_xui.

.(s.s6)

_

34eCr

Xo

-

nOfloBHHa

TOJIrrIHHr,r

JreAorpl,rllonori

cTerirrrt

K

rrit"

rrarbHoMy

MoMeHrY

Toi

..Qai

-

onpeAeJrffercfl

\'paBrreHrrer'r

(,s-24).

Ecnu-

ea

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Пехович А.И. Основы гидроледотермики

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