Pappe Ilan. The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel
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THE FORGOTTEN PALESTINIANS
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THE FORGOTTEN
PALESTINIANS
A History of the Palestinians in Israel
Ilan Pappé
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN AND LONDON
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Copyright © 2011 Ilan Pappé
The right of Ilan Pappé to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by
him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any
form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright
Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from
the publishers.
For information about this and other Yale University Press publications,
please contact:
U.S. Office: sales.press@yale.edu yalebooks.com
Europe Office: sales@yaleup.co.uk www.yalebooks.co.uk
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pappé, Ilan.
Forgotten Palestinians : a history of the Palestinians in Israel / Ilan Pappé.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-300-13441-4 (cl : alk. paper)
1. Palestinian Arabs—Israel—History. 2. Arab-Israeli conflict—History.
3. Israel—Ethnic relations. 4. Minorities—Israel. I. Title.
DS119.7.P288825 2011
956.94’0049274—dc22
2010051045
Set in Janson Text by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd
Printed in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
10987654321
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In memory of the thirteen Palestinian citizens who were shot dead by the
Israeli police in October 2000
CONTENTS
Prologue: Hostile Aliens in Their Own Homeland 1
Introduction 9
1 Out of the Ashes of the Nakbah 15
2 The Open Wound: Military Rule and Its Lasting Impact 46
3 Military Rule by Other Means, 1967–1977 94
4 Between the Day of the Land and the First Intifada,
1976–1987 135
5 After the First Intifada: Between Palestinian Assertiveness
and Jewish Uncertainty, 1987–1995 170
6 The Hopeful Years and Their Demise, 1995–2000 201
7 The 2000 Earthquake and Its Impact 229
Epilogue: The Oppressive State 264
Appendix: Note on the Scholarship 276
Notes 292
Bibliography 309
Index 317
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And therefore,
If you wish, I will say I am the man
A Pre-Islamic Poet who spread his wings and flew into the desert
And I was a Jew before Jews floated on the Sea of Galilee,
And I was a sun-stricken Arab in the morrow’s shift . . .
And I was a rock, an olive tree that remained.
All the country became home, but I was a stranger in it.
I was a Muslim in Jesus’ land and a Catholic in the desert.
Not that any of this altered my way of life; only that I have not
forgotten
That I was born in the sand, and wandered with the light until
I landed
At the shadow of a callous knowledge tree.
I tasted its fruit.
I was eternally excommunicated, unable to return
Like the water that flowed and never returned to the river . . .
Salman Masalha, ‘Final answer to the question
“How do you define yourself?” ’
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Jerusalem
Amman
Tel Aviv/Jaffa
Netanya
Hebron
Beer Sheba
Rahat
Gaza
Nablus
Umm
al-Fahem
Nazareth
Shefa-‘Amr
Akka
Tyre
Haifa
Ashdod
Sea of Galilee
Golan
Heights
Mediterranean
Sea
Dead Sea
Negev
Desert
Sinai
Gulf of Akaba
J
o
r
d
a
n
WEST
BANK
LITTLE
TRIANGLE
WADI ARA
GAZA
EGYPT
JORDAN
SYRIA
ISRAEL
LEBANON
0
0
50 kms
30 miles
75% +
50–75%
25–50%
5–25%
less than 5%
Palestinian population
(as % of total)
PROLOGUE
HOSTILE ALIENS IN THEIR
OWN HOMELAND
THE EARLY ZIONIST settlers were compulsory diarists. They left the
historians mountains of travelogues, journals and letters, writing from
almost the moment they landed in Palestine, at the very beginning of
the twentieth century. The land was unfamiliar and their journey from
Eastern Europe was quite often harsh and dangerous. But they were
well received, first in Jaffa where small boats took them ashore from
their ships and where they looked for their first temporary abode
or piece of land. The local Palestinians in most cases offered these
newcomers some accommodation and advice on how to cultivate the
land, something about which the Zionists had little to no knowledge as
they had been barred for centuries from being farmers or landowners
in their home countries.
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The settlers did not reciprocate in kind; at night, when they wrote the
early entries in their diaries by candlelight, they referred to the native
Palestinians as aliens roaming the land that belonged to the Jewish
people. Some came with the notion that the land was empty and assumed
that the people they found there were foreign invaders; others, like the
founder of the Zionist movement, Theodor Herzl, knew that Palestine
was not a land without people but believed that its native inhabitants
could be ‘spirited away’ to make room for the Jewish return to, and
redemption of, Eretz Israel.
2
To quote the late Ibrahim Abu Lughod,
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