
16.6.4 Local versus External Control of Fluid Composition during
Devolatilization Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
16.7 FLUID FLOW DURING METAMORPHISM OF THE
CONTINENTAL CRUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
16.7.1 Evidence for Fluid Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
16.7.2 Mechanics of Fluid Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
16.8 METASOMATISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
16.8.1 Ion Exchange Reactions in Open Metasomatic Systems . . . . . . . 504
16.8.2 The Thompson Model of Metasomatic Zoning and Local
Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
16.8.3 Low-Variance Assemblages in Metasomatic Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . 506
16.8.4 Frames of Reference and the Isocon Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
16.9 REDOX MINERAL EQUILIBRIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
16.10 KINETICS AND MINERAL REACTIONS: WHAT
ACTUALLY HAPPENS IN METAMORPHIC ROCKS . . . . . . 509
16.10.1 Role of Fluids in the Mechanism of Metamorphic Reactions . . . . 509
16.11 PUTTING MINERAL EQUILIBRIA TO WORK:
BROADER PETROLOGIC IMPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
16.11.1 Isograds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
16.11.2 Evaluation of Intensive Variables during Metamorphism . . . . . . 513
16.11.3 Mineral Thermobarometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
CHAPTER 17
EVOLUTION OF IMPOSED METAMORPHIC FABRICS:
PROCESSES AND KINETICS
17.1 SOLID-STATE CRYSTALLIZATION UNDER STATIC
CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
17.1.1 Nucleation and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
17.1.2 Equilibration of Grain Size and Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
17.1.3 Intragrain Textural Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
17.2 DUCTILE FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
17.2.1 Diffusive Creep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
17.2.2 Intracrystalline Plastic Deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
17.2.3 Crystal Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
17.2.4 Recovery during Dislocation Creep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
17.2.5 Hydrolytic Weakening of Silicates during Plastic Slip . . . . . . . . . 541
17.2.6 Power Law in Ductile Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
17.3 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DEFORMATION,
CRYSTALLIZATION, AND FLUIDS IN TECTONITES . . . . . 543
17.3.1 Role of Fluids in Tectonite Fabric Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
17.3.2 Timing of Deformation and Crystallization:
Larger Scale Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
17.3.3 Pre-, Syn-, and Postkinematic Fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
17.3.4 Polymetamorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
17.3.5 Shear-Sense Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
17.3.6 Patterns of Deformation and Flow: Tectonic Significance of
Fabric Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
17.4 ORIGIN OF ANISOTROPIC FABRIC IN
METAMORPHIC TECTONITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
17.4.1 Preferred Dimensional Orientation of Mineral Grains . . . . . . . . 556
17.4.2 Preferred Orientation of Crystal Lattices in Tectonites . . . . . . . . 556
17.4.3 Cleavage, Schistosity, and Compositional Layering . . . . . . . . . . . 558
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