. . . 5
.
, .. ……5
.........................................................................................................9
1 10
2
..................................................................................................... 18
2.1
....................... 27
2.2
....................................................... 30
2.3
......................................................... 33
3
...................................................................................... 36
4
DDD ( Determinant of Directional Drilling )
.......................................................................................................... 59
4.1 ................................ 59
4.2 DDD 123
Q .................................................................................................... 67
4.3 DDD 76
-76 .......................................................................................... 73
4.4 DDD ........................... 75
4.5 DDD 161
-73 -50 ............................ 78
4.6 DDD 161
-89 -50 .......................... 80
4.7 DDD 132
-89 -50 ........................... 83
5
.................................................................................... 84
6
............................ 93