Михайлов И.Е. Турбинные камеры гидроэлектростанций

Aurfr$epenqHarblloe

ypaBlleHtte

.nuuufl

roxa

(2.22)

npHHLlMaer

sHAi

etr

r

ero,

lloJly'ruu

!paBlteuHe

nnrtnfi

1'0Ka

Ilpntvto;rltrteu'

a

I

-*r+

-9

*

fq:Ce

t

'

dg.

[IpouHrerpHp0BaB

HOrO

BHXPeCI'OI(a:

tlilu

lnr-

lnC

(2-25)

r4e

C

-

noc'ronHHrtfi

xoo$SnUneHr,

onpeAeJlfltou-Uir

Haqaflo

oTcqeTa

yrJr0rJ tp,

xOt'opttli

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6Utl

,ilO,nyt1g11

H3

rpaltHtlHoro

ycJloBHfl r:ro

npH

cp=Qo,

)tpan'Heuu

e

(2'25)

noKa3blBaer'

qro

JrHHvlH

1'oKa

'|npeAc'raBJlrlor

co'

6o11

-.tr'orapt,p*t,iec*ru

cnnpaJIH, tH

raHreHc

.yrJla

-Mex(Ay

rqcarelrnott

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rot(a

]1

paAHycoM'berroport,r

paDeH

(pnc.

2'2,6)i

r

tgD:-T-.

B sairrcnMocnt

or o'rrtouenHfl

gcr'u'trtntnr

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xapaKTepttcYtot{eit

3a'

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x De,:lHriHtre

pacxoita

o

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ll'l3Mel-lflTbctl

o't

0'

lro

90o.u

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eroro

orHoueHun

coo'rBercrByer

oAlla'

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onpeJ,efletl,Han

rlropMa

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rol(a'

IIr

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t)

ntun'

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nocroniruofi;,cfle.u,oBareJIbtlo,

orllouellHe UHpKyJltlql{H

ct(op0cTl.t

K

paCxOAy

AJIfl

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paccMa'rPHBaeMoro

no'roKa

TaK)Ke

no'

cToflllil0;

r

Q-

:

const'

TarHm o6pasou,

ecnn

llpH HsMeHeHHI't

pacx'oAa orHOuIeHHg

l'lQ

He

,H3Mer{flercfl,

To ,r

pbpuu

nuirnfi

roKa

ocraeTCfl

rH€l{3uenttoli,

I-lao6op_ot

Ann

3aAauHblX

rpannilHnrX

y'cnonnfi,

T.

e.

npH

3aMeue

cncTeMbl

ltvttrrw

TOKa

TBepAblMH

c'IetIKaMlt'B

rllpgA€Jl0x

npocTpaHcTDa,

0fpallHqellHoro

nrun,

dlOpua

annuh

TOKa

ngg'rOnuua

lH

,l{9

SaDHCHT

oT

Bell{tltiHbl

pacxo'

A;."'diiou*.nuHo,

InpH

rust'teHSIHH

pacxoAa

a

rnaporyp6uHbl

-H3Me'

I{ffercfl

tt

qlIpKyJlnqHE

cKopocrn

I,

'rak

qro

orHoue'Hne

f/Q

ocraercf,

NOCTO'I'HHbIM.

Hspuc.2.2,6BHjl}Io'tlToR.npeAeflaxcnupallHotiKaMepblyroJl

6cn, o6fasouarlir,rft

nexropor,,r

cxop6ctt

o

rt.t

Kacareilblloii

l(

ol(pyx(llo'

crH,

npoxoLnrueft

qepe3

iaccuarpuBaeMyn

roqKy'

onpeAenfercf

KaK

ar

tB

o.n

--

tg

(90"

-

d):

6.

fio[ctdntrig

BMecTc

tJr

t4

U,t

ttx

Bblpax<eHHtl

H3

(2'24)' ]{

y*11111'1uut

(2.27

);

r

orl)

H Ll M I

tB

octt

a

r

==

COnSt.

(2-28\

iih>iirrblfi

BblBoA

o

ToM,

qro

no'

npu

pdafiurlHutx

pacxoAax KHHe'

Hs Hsaoxelltloro

BblTeKaer

secritad

rohrl

u cnHpaflbHorl

typ6uHuofi

KaMePe

3d

(2-26)

(2-27)

Marr.iqectin noAoduut, T, e,

rianpatr/rerine

no'ltixa

-

yro'rl

ss11,

co3ltt'isad-

n,turr:r

cnHparbn

r{a

BXoAHbrx

I(poMr{ax cra'nopHbtx

KoJIoHH, He 3auHc.HT

or

orKpbtTHrr

HanpaBJrflroulefo

arflnapaTa LH

p€xrrMa pa6oTbl

rHApOTyp6ltHr,r.

C,nc/(ona'r'e/rbtro,

cn,HpaJtbnafl KaMepa

oArra,6c:

traIl)aRfintolt(ero

fltltlfll)ll-

'rfl,

lt coc'toflFlrl,lH,co3/(aTb

onpeAe,lcllllylo 3aKpyTK.y

IloToKa

(l(llJ)KyJltl'

r(llro

cxopocrlt),

,rto

l3MenRTb

ee

c

qeflbto

pcry,nrttpoRallltfl

l\lolllllo(l I

tl

rrr,'tporyll(*rrrbr

ona

ne Moxer.

Pasucput n

Qoprrly

cnHpanbHofi

ryp6uHHoft

xaMcpbl,

0opvutpytouleft

onlcarrtrrrlir

xapa,KTep

ABr.t)r(eltHfl

)t{njtKocr!t,

Mor(uo

_!oayt1x1')

IIyT'cM

3aMeirbr

ct.tcreMbl

nrtHrnft

ToKa rnepjlbrMlt

crclrKaMH.

Paccttal'pltltaci\loc

/l.BH)KellHt'

)KHAKOCTH TIIJIOCKO0,

Cfl0AOBaTeJIbllO,

DblC0TB

Cnlll)afllt

/to,n)K-

Ita 6r,rrr,

nocrofl,HHofi

n

panHorlr

sbtcore

cratopa

br.

(pnc.

2'2,6).

O,tclt-

TaHne

cnHpaJIH

B

n/rocKocTfx,

nepneHAIrKyJIflpHblx oct{

illAporyp6llill,l,

raxoitr.rrcrl

.no

ypaBHettHto

(2-25).

flpnnnu 3a Haqa/to orcrteroB

yr/roB cp

il/rtr

nunufi

Tor(Ar

otrcl)rnrlAIo-

rr(r.rx

Brreuntom

6oxonyrc

noBepxltoc rb cnHpaflbttoti

raM€pbt,

occBylo

rr"'rocl<ocru

0,3

n

rtMetr

B

BnAy,

,rrro

t]uyrl)cHlteii

rpalutqeii

cr-lr

pil,rrt,rr)ir

r(aMepbt

rrBflneTcrr

uH.ItHHApHrrecKarr

noBepxHocTb,

npoxo;(flutafl

trepr'3

BXO/'[tble I(pOMKH CTaTOp,HblX

KOJIOHII,

InO,rIyq14M:

CP:0

np,l{

r:r('

'rt

cJrc,r(oBareJrbno,

nocroRttuntii

xoarpQtturrcrtr B

C:fn.

C

y,tetont (2-28) ypaRuertrre (2-25)

npntlnMaer

rcllttt,tfi BI,IA:

r

g

:

roetg

ttn*

,

rAe r@

-

paAHyc nttetttneii

crelll(lt

cnt4p1,nll,

3nIaIflflctr llnnpnnncllllcl\,t n0Tol(fl

u1,111

l(0't'opoc

.,t0Jl)l(iln

r'o3,'lilr}lr|1,

CnHpaflbllatt^

[qyepA

HA

'BXOAIIbIX

l(poMl(ilX

cTa'fOplllrlX

Ko"lollll, ,no l]l,l-

pax(er{firo

(2-29)

Arn

(a}r(Aofo

3uaqcnr.rfl

yr,la

(p,

r.r3rlre}rnrorucrocn o'r'0

,10

ReJIlltll'lllbI

yrfla

OXBaTa

'CnllpAJlH

fpor

,[CfliO

IlaXo.tlll\l I]CJllltlllllV

I)n'

AHyca

r9.

Vro"rr

e

,HMe€T

no/tox,HTeJIbHoe

3HarreHHe

I

or,crilrrbrBaercn

R nanpa

R-

.neHHLr, o6par,Hom

HanpaBJreHLilo BpauIcHHn

rr{/lporyp6HHbl.

Pasueput

KaMepbr, nonyqeHHbte

no

ypaBHeHHro

(2-29),

H3-3a

lc-

6o.nrutoii

Bbrcorbr

ee

nonepe,qHblx

ceqeHHit,

rpsBHoft

Bbrcore craropa,

oKa-

3brDalorcfl

3r-taq,HTerbHo

66.rrsuumn

pa3MepoB

KaMep,

InpHMel{fleMbrx

B npaKTLrKe nrApogHepreruqecKoro crponTerbcrBa,

nogToMV

;larrHuir

rHrr

KaMepbt,

xorfl oil H

nBJrflcrcn reoperHrrecKlt

o6octtogaHlltrrlt,

nc

nautcfl

rrDilMenelll{n.

6)

BhXPEBOTZ

CTOK

-

TOL{KA

Qyrtxuun noTcHuHaJIa

cropocrcrl

croKa

-

TOttKlt,

pacno/rox(erIItolo

B

lrarrafle Koop.qHHar,

(Dr

ivt0)Ket 6ntra nory,terta raKX(e ItpnMbrNt illr Ie-

rpHponatilleM

BTopofo

ypaBHellrrfl

cilcreMbr

(2-2ll

H, KaK

u3Bec'il1o,

ilMeeT

cfleAy0u{ee'Bblpax(el{He:

Qr:

-+,

Bbrp

a

)r(crr

r.r

(2-25)

cr'lcAVlolltttii

tll<ott,tll'

(2-2!))

(2-30)

39

rAe

q

-

pacxoA

xr,lAKocrH

qepe3

eAr.tHHt-ty noBepxHocTHr

T. e,

HHTeHCnbHOCTb CTOKaI

R:1)rP

l

sz

-

paccrornr,re

or

rorrKn M

no

HaqaJra

KoopAHHar

(puc,

2.3fi),

@yHxulrn

norerrqnaJta

cxopocreft

cyMMapHoro tBH)t(enHtt,

Bbt3bt-

BaeMoro BHXp0BbrM

croKoM

-

'r'orn(oii,

r{a

ocHoBattrth

(2-

19)

n

(2-30)

npuHHMaer cne,rlyutlnfr

BHA:

oI

o--7-+Ee,

(2-3

t

)

/7u

//u8

{

-/Do"''(/

/t-

/\

4

f-

-i

!

\

N

\

I

\

T

N

'HAft

0/

Puc.

2-3.

Cxeua

ABHlreHHfl

xHAKocrH

H

$oprrra

cnfipaflbr{ofi

Kar{epbt

npi.t

saMeHe rr{ApoTypoHHbr BHxpeBHM

croKoM

-

rorrKoft.

a

-

pacnonox(enle

auxpeaoti

lnrru

H

croKa

-

TorrKH B

lrpocrpancrne;

d

-

rlropua

rnunfi ToKa;

a-

nonepelrroe

cerrenne

cnupaltbtroA

rauepu.

KounosesTbr

cKopocnr

eroro

ABt

r(eHnfi onpeAeilfloTcfl

H3

Bbtpax(e-

xnft:

d(D

qz.

a2:-E:

-F;

c)e

_

. !!_,

0r:-T:-?T;

dor

0y:

-

Ai:'m,

{r-

|

f,mor-mavlfa

40

(2- 32)

a ypaBr{eHus

nunuh

fl

p

ou

u rerp

r.l

poBa

B,

rae

C

-

nDoLr3DorbHan

06ogHi,rHs

IlOJI

yt1141t4

'

TOKa

npHHHMITOT

BHA:

d.z

dr

-==-'

zr'

(

2-

3rl,

flpoul'rerpHpoBaB

neprJOe

ypaBueHue,

rrait/tclr:

z:Cr,

flle

C

-

nocroflrrr{afl

r{HTeFpHpoBarrHfl.

flony,1g11116t

ljbtpaN(enrlc

rIOt(it:butacr,

rt1'o

,/lntuut

't'ot(a

/lex(n

t,

l;t

I(0H,HqecKHX

n0BepxHocTflx,

rnpoxoAfluIHX

qepe3

Haqaro K0ol).I,HHa'r

lr

o6pagyrcuHx

c

'n./rocKocrblo

rr

y,r/rbt y,

TaHfe,Hcbl

I{oropbtx

,pa,BHbr

C

(puc.

2-3,6)

;,c.ne4oBareflbHo,

z:

tg

\r.

(2-34)

Torla

paccrorHHe

or

pa,ccMarpHBaeuon

roqxn r1,1

lo

cror(a

6y,rer.

R-tlW-t/

r't+reV

cos

Y

n

BTopoc

ypaBueHtre

crlcrei\,lbt

(2.33)'

nbtpa)t(aroulcc

nl)ocKultr

"'rrlrrli

TOI(a

Ha nJtoCI(OCTb

r, uOptvtaflbltvlo

t(

ocil:fttApoTyp6illil,l,

ltpilNe'r 8il.1:

ftr 2rq

-

rlr

-- -

'125

r3

({r

-

I

L&Y.

,

2nq cosa

^1

tlr:-

r-ag,

rllO,'lytll'lM'

!nq

cos3

f

r:

-t----g+c,

nocToflilr{ail.

2nq

,

-Ii-

:

/lo'

r:Aocosay?+C.

(2-35)

(2

-30)

(2-it7)

l''l:

sroro

Bbrpa)r(er{ilr

cfleAyer,

qro

npoeKqnrr

nnrrnir

roKa ra nflo(

r(ocrt,,

.nepneHAHKyJrflprrylo

ocH rnAporyp6ril{1.,1,

npejr.craBflflroT

co6oft

cnrr.

paflH

ApxHNlejla (cu, pnc.

2-3,6).

llontran'cHcreMa

ypaurrutuirr

.nnHnii

ToKa

At]t{}Kelntn,

Dbr3r,rBaeMoro

snxpenoii

n14Tbto

H croKoM

-

ro,rroi:r,

npuntlt\,lAeT cne:tvroutnft

Bntt:

(2-38)

(2-30

)

VpaBlleltHfl

(2-38)

rt

Bbrpa)KeHHrr

(2-36)

rr

(2-39)

1ot(a3btBator,

rlro

(lopua

nntlttfr

ToKa

AJtn

y:

const

3aBHctlT

To/tbKo

or ornoruet{1.rfl

nllren

-

ctlllllocreft

croKa

It

BHxpeBoii

r{HT,H.

C"neAosarelbr{0,

ti B

gTOM

cnyqae

npH

n0CTOfHHIrlX

rpaHHtlHblx yCJIOBHtIx

rH3MeHeHI{e

paCXOAa

C0npoBOiK-

Aaercfl

H3MeHeHHeM

UtlpKyJrflUlrn cKopocTH

TaKHI! o6pasou,

rtTo

Hx

oT-

Hor.uetrlre

coxpaHfleTcfl.

rAe

4l

C

j(pyr'oii

clol)outr,

l1

cllll)aJnrnotlt

KaNlepe,

rroJryrrcnnoii

3aNteltoil

olrpcitc,/rcililoii

cilc't'c11l,t

Jilililtii

't'otiit

pit0cr,ta'rpiltJaciltot'o.'tlllril(eliltfl'fr]0p-

.'tbll\'lll C1'elll(Atvilt,

ilallpal].;teliltrr

IIO'l'otifl

l!

lt,/tOCt(OC'rLt,

nCl)ltCtt.'UiliyJltlpl.lOii

ocrr

rllAporyp6rulbt,

Mo)Krro

npe/tcrarJrlTb

B BH/te

[cNr,

pr.tc.2-3,6

rr

Btrt-

pax(eHH

n

(2-32)l:

ur 2ro

tB

d",, -

A:E

cosi

Y,

T.

e.

yroil

a(:r

B

.nrc60it

to,txe

c

KoopA,HHaTaMH

r

,u

\

3aBHcHT ToJlbKo

o'1"

0Tltolucil14

il

qlI'.

Taxrrwr 06pa:rowr

H D

SToM c/ry'11i1g

lfl.illcMa'ruttrccKafl

KapTHHa

noToKa

D

cnr{pa,/ilr

r-re 3aDJ.rcl.lT 0T

pacxota.

I-larrpaB,leHHc

no-

TOKA Ucn,

CO3IaBaeMOe

CnHl)arbt{or."t KaMepofi Ha Bxo^lHbtx KpoMKax

C'fa-

1'opllblX

KO.IlOtlll,

CoXPallflCl'ctl

,npH

ll3Mellelllltlx

oTKpl,lTllfl llanpaBJItllO'

utero

annapara

Lr

pex(HMa

pa60'rbt

ilrAporyp6Hrrbr.

rIocronrrHyro

Ao

onpe]ei'rr,rNr

cJle-l,ytorrtHM 06pa3oM.

Pacnonoxnnt

croK

-

TorlKy lta BrrxpeBofi

ltHTH,

coBnajtatol]Ieft

c

ocbro

rHApoTyp6HHbr

(pttc,

2-3,0),

a nJrocKocrrr,

npoxo;'lnuteii

rrepe3

ccpe,r(ulrv

rranpaBilnto-

tllero

anilal)ara.

Torla

nonepert.Hbte

ceqeFlnn cnHpaflbHoti Kar\{epbr

t}

I\{e-

plljll.rollaJlbHblx

n/locKocTRX

onpaHHqaTcf

KoHHrtecr(HMtr

iloBepxHocTflMH

otn

I

on, ypanlrcHHfl

t(oTopbrx

ila ocrroBanHH

(2-38) HMetoT Br{A:

z

:

tEYrrp,/.

vt z

:

tg

(-Yilp).r.

Mcptt;lrtotlil,rlblliltt

cl(opoc'r'1, tl,r

lrocl'0il1ililI

uo

uccx

't'orlt(ilx

Jtynt

//'

[]iljtllyco]t

/l rr

c

yrtct'oi\t (2.32) pauua:

r/-T-j

q

-oR:

Y

a;+a;::Ft'

Tor.u.a

Q:

--aRR2

I{

l'aK

KaK

f

:

-

2nuur,

IloJtyt1p114'

oTt(y^a cfle,IyeT,

qT0

HanpaBJlelil{e norol(a ilo

RbrcoTe

cra

ropa

ileiro-

cToflHrto.

vron clcn

yMeilbulaeTcfl oT

cepejtttHbl

(Y:0)

I(

BcP\ll(11\l\'lt

nn)tcreNty

I(oJIbrtaM

craropa

(Y:

*l,np).

!,,rn

conpeMcuubtx

nr.nporyl)6Hn

yr0r

ynp

II0

r[peDl)ntracr

l5-l

(]"

rr

tlocTonn,ltafl

/v c

Aoc'ra'ro,t'ttorli

Toruloc't'bto Mo)l(e'f

6l'ln, onpc.'tcJlena

nf

llilnpllnJlelllllo'nOTOKAT

{(O'fOpoC,(O/lX(llll'CO3IAI}A'I'l)

Clllll)flJll,llil)l

l(it,\l0itit

nl)ll

DxoAc tl

c'raTop

B

cpcr^lleii cro ll,noclio0Tlt

(1t=$).

'l't-lt'Jit

ll(),/l\''lll\l

M: tgeJf,o

H

r:RCosf=-ff*.orr

,

fo

tB

ecn

/rr:

('gS6Tm.

Tax

,xarc

Ao

-

noc'toflHIraR BeJIilril.tila,

To

tE

ccn

_ lr

63e7-rv-const,

fd

fl,,rfl

sxoRa

B crilrop

R

=-

cos

Till)

(2-lt)

(2.42)

2nq

urRz

rio:T-fr-'

3aMe,ran,

,r'r'o

uccr,

I)acxoA

rr4/tporypOHrrbr

A

,npoxoAnl, rtepe3

tl0.

BCp,\ilOCTb

tspaUteuHI

soHp

xyilt

oKpyxfirocrH

//'

orrrocilreJlbr{o

ocil

rH.q-

poryp6H

ilbr,

iloJryrrH.\r

:

Q

:

Uy,,S6rpi

Soxp

:

2nRr

(2 sltt

J,1p f

cclsz

1,,0);

^ DL-

g

-

t//lr\

-

2n

(2

sin

ynp

{cosz

y,,p)'

(2.40)

(cru,

['[octonrttran

r{urenpnp0Baurrn

C,BO

lrr0p0ru

ypitRrrennu

crrc'r'r'}n,r

(2-38)

onpeAerfler

Itarralo

orctrera

yrJI0B

tp,

I-lnrt ycJtoBlur

(p:0

Irprl

t-f

a

c:f

a,

Taxlrru o6pasor{,

(popMa

n

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Михайлов И.Е. Турбинные камеры гидроэлектростанций

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