1) ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɵ (Al, Cu, Si);
2) ɤɚɪɛɢɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ (Ti, W, V, Mo, Cr, Mn ɢɞɪ.).
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɬɜɺɪɞɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɮɟɪɪɢɬɚ, ɭɩɪɨɱɧɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ.
ȼɫɟ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɵ, ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɜɺɪɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɋɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɬɜɺɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɺ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɨɜ, ɢɯ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ. ɑɟɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɟɟ ɤɚɪɛɢɞ,
ɬɟɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɟɟ ɨɧ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɟɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɟ.
Ʌɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ Fe- Fe
3
C. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɷɜɬɟɤɬɨɢɞɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɬ ɬɨɱɤɭ S ɜɥɟɜɨ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɬ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɜ J-ɠɟɥɟɡɟ, ɬ. ɟ. ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɬ ɬɨɱɤɭ ȿ
ɜɥɟɜɨ.
Ʌɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɪɨɫɬ ɡɟɪɧɚ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ. ɉɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɡɟɪɧɚ ɚɭɫɬɟɧɢɬɚ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ:
1) ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɡɟɪɧɚ (Ti, V, Al);
2) ɫɥɚɛɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɡɟɪɧɚ (Si, Cu, Co, Ni);
3) ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɡɟɪɧɚ (Mn, ɋ, Ɋ).
Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ:
ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ: ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫ
ɨɫɨɛɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ;
ɩɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ: ɯɪɨɦɢɫɬɵɟ, ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɨɜɢɫɬɵɟ,
ɯɪɨɦɨɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɢ ɞɪ.;
ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ;
ɩɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ.
ɉɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ:
1) Ɏɟɪɪɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ. ɋɬɚɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɥɢɦɨɪɮɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ĮļJ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɺɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ –
ɮɟɪɪɢɬ ɢɥɢ ɮɟɪɪɢɬ + ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɪɛɢɞɨɜ.
ɋɬɚɥɢ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ
ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɫɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ J-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ (Mo, Cr, Si ɢɞɪ.). ɋɬɚɥɢ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ