33
5.5.
w£¥ª ® ¥
Ɉɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
1. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɟ:
ɧɟɠɢɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ, ɠɢɜɚɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ
3. ɋɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɡɚɭɪɭɫ,
ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ; ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
2. Ɉɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɟɟ
1. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ 2. Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ
1. Ƚɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡ 2. ɋɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
Ɉɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
1. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɩɚɫ-
ɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ).
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ – ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-
ɫɵ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ.
3. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ – ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ.
ɍɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
qª
5
1) ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ?
2) ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɚ.
3) ɋɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɣ.
4) Ɋɚɫɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ.
34
6.
y}|t~w q ~}v|o|ww qttq
w w{wtywt wt{
ɏɢɦɢɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɤɨɫɦɨɯɢɦɢɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɯɢɦɢɹ
ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɹ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɤɨɥɥɨɢɞɧɚɹ
ɨɛɳɚɹ
ɏɢɦɢɹ – ɧɚɭɤɚ ɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɯ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɯɢɦɢɢ – ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɟɟ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.
Ⱥɬɨɦ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨ-
ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɪɚ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ-
ɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ.
Ⱥ.ɟ.ɦ.= 1/12 ɚɬɨɦɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ.
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ
Ar (ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ) =
1/12 ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ
.
Mr (ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ) = ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ 1/12 ɦɚɫɫɵ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ.
Ɇɨɥɶ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɫɨ-
ɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ 0,012 ɤɝ
ɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ.
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ Ⱥɜɨɝɚɞɪɨ (6,02*10²³) – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɨɥɟ ɜɟ-
ɳɟɫɬɜɚ.