Мартыненко Т.П. и др. Практический курс физики. Квантовая физика. Элементы физики твёрдого тела и ядерной физики
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
181
Q = c
2
(m
p
+ m
Li
– 2m
α
).
:
+ Q = 2
α
, (1)
,vmvmvm
a
a
a
a
p
p
+= (2)
, , – .
( . 5.4):
(m
α
v
α
)
2
= (m
α
v
α
)
2
+ (m
p
v
p
)
2
– 2m
α
v
α
m
p
v
p
cosϕ/2,
,
vm2
vm
2
cos
pp
αα
=
ϕ
.
vm2
vm
arccos2
pp
αα
=ϕ
(3)
,
.
m
E2
v
p
p
p
=
-
(1):
,c)m2mm(E
2
vm
2
2
Lipp
2
α
αα
−++=
.
m
c)m2mm(E
v
2
Lipp
α
α
α
−++
=
V V
α
(3),
-
.
m]c)m2mm(E[2
mE
arccos2
2
Lipp
pp
αα
−++
=ϕ
5.21.
7
N
14
(α, )Y -
= 7,7 . , ϕ
, ,
= 8,5 .
(5.19)
7
N
14
+
2
4
→
8
Y
17
+
1
1
.
. 5.4
ϕ
p
Li
αα
vm
vm
αα
vm
182
8
Y
17
8
17
,
.
. ,
T + Q = +T
O
, (1)
Q – .
:
0p
ppp +=
α
.
,
( . 5.5):
.cospp2ppp
p
2
p
22
O
ϕ−+=
αα
2
= 2mT, :
.TTmm4cos2Tm2Tm2Tm2
ppppOO αααα
ϕ−+=
:
.TTmm4
m
cos
2T
m
m
T
m
m
T
pp
O
p
O
p
O
O ααα
α
ϕ
−+=
(2)
(1) (2) ,
.TTmm4
m
cos
2
m
mm
TQ
m
mm
T
pp
OO
Op
p
O
O
αα
α
α
ϕ
−
+
=+
−
sϕ
−
−
−⋅
+
=ϕ
α
αα
αα pp
O
p
pOp
Tmm
T
2
)mm(
Tmm
T
2
)mm(
cos
.
TTmm2
Qm
pp
O
αα
(3)
Q (5.20 ):
.5,931)mmmm(Q
1714
O
p
N
⋅−−+=
α
1.
|Q| = |(14,00307 + 4,00149 – 1,00728 – 16,99913)| × 931,5 = 1,72 .
(3), sϕ = 0,7, ϕ = 45,45°.
5.22.
93
N
234
-
( - ) - .
?
ϕ
N
O
. 5.5
p
183
( ) (5.23) :
93
N
234
+
-1
e
0
→ * → Y +
2
α
4
.
92
234
92
U
234
.
- , Y:
92
U
234
→
90
Y
230
+
2
α
4
,
90
Y
230
90
h
230
.
5.23. γ -
( ):
1
H
2
+
0
γ
0
→
1
H
1
+
0
n
1
.
γ -
:
.EEEE
21
H
n
H
−+=
γ
( 1,2),
. . ., :
=−+=
γ
...]mmm[
...
5,931E
21
1
H
n
H
= 931,5 · [1,00783 + 1,00867 – 2,01410] = 2,23 .
184
.
, ,
1 2.
3.
5.24. ,
7,01601 . . .
5.25.
?
5.26. ,
, ,
2
3
,
4
7
,
8
O
15
, .
.
5.27. : 1)
3
Li
8
, 2)
13
Al
27
, 3)
29
u
64
, 4)
50
Sn
125
, 5)
84
216
.
5.28. ,
. = 4500 /
3
.
5.29. , < >
. ( )
.
5.30.
5
10
,
. ,
, F
1
,
F
2
(F
1
/ F
2
).
5.31. ∆m
.
5.32. ∆E
.
6
12
.
5.33.
93
Np
234
38
Sr
88
?
5.34.
1
3
2
e
3
.
?
5.35. ,
, E =7,72 .
, .
5.36. ,
= 26,3 .
5.37. ,
3
Li
7
?
185
5.38. ,
7
N
14
?
5.39. ,
6
12
.
5.40. ∆E
4
7
.
5.41. ,
6
12
?
5.42. ,
11
N
23
.
5.43.
13
l
27
.
. .
5.44.
89
Ac
235
5 ?
1/2
= 10 .
5.45.
= 1,44·10
–3
-1
. 75%
?
5.46.
32
m = 10
–3
.
= 32·10
–3
/ ,
1/2
=
14,3 .
5.47. ∆t 1/4
,
1/2
=
24
?
5.48. 1
h
229
?
1/2
= 7·10
3
.
5.49. ∆N ,
t =10 , A =0,1
. .
5.50. ∆t = 1
1
= 118
2
= 7,4 .
.
5.51. - -
92
U
238
,
82
Pb
206
?
5.52.
1
1
2
2
. ,
1
, ,
2
.
5.53. ,
14
3/5
186
.
14
1/2
= 5570 .
5.54.
1
→
2
→
3
( )
1
2
.
,
1
N
10
,
3
.
5.55. 2,5
7,0 . .
5.56. - Ra
226
- - ?
5.57.
84
210
α-
= 5,3 .
.
5.58. , 1
84
210
,
, , - 6,3
.
5.59. -
84
210
( )
-
5,30 4,50 . -
. γ- ,
.
5.60.
,
6
11
,
.
5.61.
1/2
=1 .
τ .
5.62.
. ?
5.63. I γ- r =
5 ,
= 148 . ,
n=1,8 γ- =0,51 .
5.64.
0
g
27
m = 0, 2 ,
t = 1 .
1/2
= 9,5 ,
= 27·10
–3
/ , N = 6,02·10
23
-1
.
187
5.65. , γ- ( = 0,47 ),
,
.
= 0,4 . .
5.66.
4
7
-
. - ?
5.67.
94
Pu
238
-
.
, , ,
.
5.68.
86
Rn
220
-
V = 1,6·10
7
/ . ?
V
1
?
5.69.
1,5 ?
5.70. m = 1
∆V = 0,043
3
. .
5.71. X
1/2
γ- ,
= 0,047
-1
.
5.72. 1
92
U
238
1,07⋅10
–7
. ,
-
.
5.73. γ-
d = 4 k = 8 .
γ-
.
, .
5.74.
4
9
+
1
1
→
5
9
+
0
n
1
?
5.75.
13
Al
27
-
15
30
,
. .
5.76. U
235
200
. ?
5.77.
3
Li
7
+
1
H
1
→ 2
2
H
4
? .
5.78. ,
, 0,24 ,
188
.
.
5.79. -
9
(α, n)
12
. ,
- .
.
5.80. g
23
. g
23
.
5.81. ,
13
Al
27
( , p)
14
Si
30
,
1 ?
5.82.
3
Li
6
α- . , 22,3 .
- ,
3
Li
6
.
5.83.
3
Li
6
α- ,
. : 1) , 2)
- , ,
0,2 .
5.84.
2
3
1
3
. ,
.
5.85. γ- ,
12
g
24
(γ, n).
5.86. 0° ,
,
3
Li
7
(p, α)
?
5.87. -
m = 1
92
U
235
,
, 200 ?
5.88. Q
9
(n, γ)
10
,
,
9
E
1
= 58,16 ,
10
–
2
= 64,98 .
5.89. Li
6
( , ) Li
7
Q = 5,028 . Li
6
.
.
5.90.
9
(α, n)
12
Q
= 5,70 .
,
n
.
189
5.91. ,
13
C ( , )
11
B,
1,5 . -
13
C
.
5.92. Q
6
10
,
.
5.93. N
20
-
12
,
N
20
,
4
12
8,03; 7,07 7,68 .
5.94. . . .
10
6,04 .
5.95.
14
N( , )
17
O,
- = 4,0 , ,
= 60° -
= 2,09 .
5.96. , ,
7
Li( , n)
7
.
?
5.97. = 1,0
, +
7
Li
→ 2
4
H .
-
,
.
5.98. ,
2
H,
= 2,2 ?
5.99. , , -
5,46 ,
84
218
.
= 218,07676 . . .
5.100. , m = 1
:
1
H
2
+
1
H
3
→
2
He
4
+
0
n
1
.
5.101. ,
4
9
+
2
4
→
6
C
12
+
0
n
1
5.102. -
7
Li(α, n)
10
.
5.103. = 10
12
(n, )
9
B, = 6,17 .
-
.
190
1.
1.25
.K648T
=
1.26
1T
=
.
1.27
565W
=
1.28 1067,5
14
⋅= .
1.29 04,0
=
∆
.
1.30 1,19 .
1.31
2
/7,64= ;
8,5
=
.
1.32 396
=
.
1.33
88,5
4
=⋅σ⋅=
/
2
; 76,1tSMW
e
=
⋅
⋅
=
1.34
953,0=
.
1.35
71,0pS1
4
=⋅⋅σ−=η
.
1.36
26,0TMa
4
eT
=⋅σ=
1.37
866
Ra4
P
41
2
T
=
σ⋅⋅⋅π
=
.
1.38
6,10
max
=λ
.
1.39
547
max
=λ
1.40
8,3
; 6,7 .
1.41
98,4
.
1.42 81 243 .
1.43 62,3
1
=
, 24,7
=
.
1.44 45,1
max
=
λ
1.45 1)
30
/
2
⋅
; 2)
600
/
2
;.
1.46
(
)
100,3b1
2
⋅=λ∆⋅+=∆
.
1.47 1,2
b
R4
4
m
2
e
=
λ
⋅σπ=Φ . 1,2tW
e
=
∆
⋅
Φ
=
1.48 4,1 . / .
11
10
.
1.49
K153
d
6
1
3
0
0
=
⋅ρ⋅
τ⋅⋅σ⋅
−=
.
1.50
118
1
c102,6N
−
⋅=
;
119
2
c102,1N
−
⋅= ;
119
3
c101,1N
−
⋅=
.
118
4
c109,5N
−
⋅=
;
118
5
c106,4N
−
⋅= ;
118
6
c101,5N
−
⋅= .
1.51 )
07,2
;
/101,1
27
⋅⋅
−
;
1068,3
36−
⋅
;