Malcolm Barnes. Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics

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Practical Variable Speed Drives

and Power Electronics

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Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics (Malcolm Barnes)

Practical Variable Speed Drives and

Power Electronics

Malcolm Barnes

CPEng, BSc(ElecEng), MSEE, Automated Control Systems,

Perth, Australia

Newnes

An imprint of Elsevier

Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP

200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803

First published 2003

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including

photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether

or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without

the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the

provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of

a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road,

London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder's written

permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed

to the publisher

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 07506 58088

Typeset and Edited by Vivek Mehra, Mumbai, India

Printed and bound in Great Britain

For information on all Newnes publications, visit

our website at www.newnespress.com

Preface

The rapid adoption of automation techniques in industry has increased the requirement for better

process control. This has resulted in many new applications for AC variable speed drives (VSDs) to

control the speed and torque of driven machinery. Variable speed drives (VSDs) are also used to meet

particular starting and stopping requirements.

The variable speed drives book promotes a sound understanding of how VSDs work and how to

correctly select, install, commission and maintain them. There is also detailed coverage of many

typical applications in process control and materials handling such as those for pumping, ventilation,

conveyers and hoists.

This book will benefit anyone associated with the use of VSDs in the industrial or automation

environment. This book will also benefit those working in system design as well as site

commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting.

Although a basic understanding of electrical engineering principles is essential, even those with a

superficial knowledge of VSDs will substantially benefit from this book.

In particular, if you work in any of the following areas, you will benefit from this book:

• Consulting electrical engineers

• Plant engineers and instrument technicians

• Operations technicians

• Electrical maintenance technicians and supervisors

• Instrumentation and control system engineers

• Process control engineers

• Mechanical engineers

We would hope that you will learn the following from this book:

• The principles of AC variable speed drives for industrial speed control

• The essentials of squirrel cage induction motors

• The latest developments in power electronic converters used for VSDs

• How to select the correct AC variable speed drive for industrial applications

• How to identify faults on VSDs and how to rectify them

• The key issues about flux vector control and how it can be used in drive

applications

• The main concepts in interfacing the control circuits of VSDs with PLCs/DCSs

using serial data communications

The structure of the book is as follows.

Chapter 1: Introduction.

A review of the fundamentals in variable speed drives including motion

concepts, torque speed curves, types of variable speed drives, mechanical variable speed drive

methods and electrical variable speed drive methods.

Chapter 2: 3-phase AC induction motors

. These versatile and robust devices are the prime

movers for the vast majority of machines. This chapter covers the basic construction, electrical and

mechanical performance, motor acceleration, AC induction generator performance, efficiency of

electric motors, rating of AC induction motors, duty cycles, cooling and ventilation, degree of

protection of motor enclosures, methods of starting and motor selection.

xii Preface

Chapter 3: Power electronic converters.

This chapter deals with the active components (e.g.

diodes, thyristors, transistors) and passive components (e.g. resistors, chokes, capacitors) used in

power electronic circuits and converters.

Chapter 4: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

Interference in circuits refers to the

presence of unwanted voltages or currents in electrical equipment, which can damage the equipment or

degrade its performance. The impact of variable speed drives can be severe and this chapter examines

what causes interference and how to minimize its impact.

Chapter 5: Protection of AC converters and motors

. The protection of AC variable speed

drives includes the protection of the AC converter and the electric motor. The main methods of

protection are examined.

Chapter 6: Control systems for AC variable speed drives

. The overall control system can

be divided into four main areas of the inverter control system, speed feedback and control system,

current feedback and control system and the external interface.

Chapter 7: Selection of AC converters

. Although manufacturers’ catalogs try to make it as

easy as possible, there are many variables associated with the selection and rating of the optimum

electric motor and AC converter for a VSD application. This chapter covers many of the principles for

the correct selection for AC variable speed drives, which use pwm-type variable voltage variable

frequency (VVVF) converters to control the speed of standard AC squirrel cage induction motors.

Chapter 8: Installation and commissioning

. The main issues here of general installation and

environmental requirements, power supply and earthing requirements, start/stop of AC drives,

installing AC converters into metal enclosures, control wiring and commissioning variable speed

drives.

Chapter 9: Special topics and new developments

. Typical topics of soft-switching and the

matrix converter are examined here.

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