Lyons W.C. (ed.). Standard handbook of petroleum and natural gas engineering.2001- Volume 1
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Casing and Casing String Design
1135
Table
4-143
Long Round-Thread Caslng Dimensions and Weights
1
2
8
4 6
6
4%
4%
6
6
6
6
6
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
6%
7
7
7
7
7
7
7%
7%
7%
7%
ni
7%
8%
8%
8%
8%
9%
9%
9%
9%
9%
8%
20
20
20
11.60
18.60
18.00
16.00
18.00
21.40
24.10
16.60
17.00
20.00
23.00
20.00
24.00
28.00
82.00
23.00
26.00
29.00
32.00
85.00
38.00
26.40
29.70
83.70
89.00
42.80
47.10
32.00
86.00
40.00
44.00
49.00
86.00
40.00
48.50
47.00
94.00
106.60
133.60
68.60
0.250
0.290
0.263
0.290
0.862
0.437
0.500
0.215
0.804
0.861
0.416
0.288
0.862
0.417
0.476
0.817
0.862
0.403
0.463
0.498
0.640
0.828
0.376
0.480
0.600
0.562
0.625
0.400
0.460
0.600
0.567
0.896
0.486
0.m
os2
0.472
0.646
0.438
0.600
4.000
3.920
4.494
4.408
4.276
4.126
4.000
4.960
4.778
4.670
6.049
6.921
6.791
6.676
6.866
6.276
6.184
6.094
6.004
6.920
6.969
6.876
6.766
6.626
6.501
6.375
4a92
7.921
7.826
7.726
7.626
1.611
~
~-
8.921
8886
8.166
iias
13.04
1288
14.87
17.98
21.30
24.03
16.86
16.87
19.81
2264
19.49
25.68
27.06
81.20
22.68
26.66
28.72
81.88
81.68
87.26
26.60
29.04
89.04
88.06
42.39
46.72
46.14
6286
91.51
104.18
131.33
3.80
3.20
5.80
6.20
4.20
2.95
1.95
6.80
5.40
4.40
8.20
13.60
12.00
10.20
8.30
10.40
9.40
8.00
6.60
5.60
4.40
19.00
17.40
15.30
13.60
12.01
10.16
27.60
25.60
2S.80
21.80
19.60
32.00
30.00
28.20
26.60
23.40
61.20
54.80
40.60
Source:
API
Spec
5A,
35th
Edition,
March
1981,
p.
23.
From
Ref.
[151].
Diameter
The outside diameter shall be within the tolerance specified in Table
4-146.
For
threaded pipe, the outside diameter at the threaded ends shall be such that
the length
L,
and the full-crest thread length
Lc
are within the dimensions and
tolerances in
API
Standard
5B.
(Inside diameters are governed by the outside
diameters and weight tolerances.)
Wall Thickness
Each length of pipe shall be measured for conformance to wall thickness
requirements. The wall thickness at any place shall not be less than the tabulated
thickness minus the permissible undertolerance specified in Table
4-146.
Wall
thickness measurements shall be made with a mechanical caliper
or
with a
properly calibrated nondestructive testing device of appropriate accuracy. In
1136
Drilling and Well Completions
Table
4-144
Buttress Thread Casing Dimensions and Weights
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Calculated Weight
Nominal
Weigbc'
Theads
and CouplingP
Sue:
Threads
-.
Clearance
Lb
e,
Outride and
Wd
Inside
Plain
Sped
"F
Diameter, Coupling,
'lUc?mus,
Diameter,
End,
in.
Ib
per
H
m.
in.
Ib/ft
D
t
d
Wp
e,
4M
4M
4M
5
5
5
5
5
5M
5M
5M
5M
6%
6%
6%
6%
7
7
7
7
7
7
7%
7%
7%
7%
7%
7%
8%
8%
8%
8%
8%
9%
9%
9%
9%
9%
10%
10%
10%
10%
11%
11%
11%
1338
1338
1338
1338
16
16
18%
10.50
11.60
13.50
13.00
15.00
18.00
21.40
24.10
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
20.00
24.00
28.00
32.00
23.00
26.00
29.00
32.00
35.00
38.00
26.40
29.70
33.70
39.00
42.80
47.10
32.00
36.00
40.00
44.00
49.00
36.00
40.00
43.50
47.00
53.50
40.50
45.50
51.00
55.50
47.00
54.00
60.00
54.50
61.00
68.00
72.00
75.00
84.00
87.50
20
20
94.00
106.50
20 133.00
0.224
0.250
0.290
0.253
0.296
0.362
0.437
0.500
0.275
0.304
0.361
0.415
0.288
0.352
0.417
0.475
0.317
0.362
.0.408
0.453
0.498
0.540
0.328
0.375
0.430
0.500
0.562
0.625
0.352
0.400
0.450
0.500
0.557
0.352
0.395
0.435
0.472
0.545
0.350
0.400
0.450
0.495
0.375
0.435
0.489
0.380
0.430
0.480
0.514
0.438
0.495
0.435
0.438
0.500
0.635
4.052
4.000
3.920
4.494
4.408
4.276
4.126
4.000
4.950
4.892
4.778
4.670
6.049
5.921
5.791
5.675
6.366
6.276
6.184
6.094
6.004
5.920
6.969
6.875
6.765
6.625
6.501
6.375
7.921
7.825
7.725
7.625
7.511
8.921
8.835
8.755
8.681
8.535
10.050
9.950
9.850
9.760
11.000
10.880
10.772
12.615
12.515
12.415
12.347
15.124
15.010
17.755
19.124
19.000
18.730
10.23
11.35
13.04
12.83
14.87
17.93
21.30
24.03
15.35
16.87
19.81
22.54
19.49
23.58
27.65
31.20
22.63
25.66
28.72
31.68
34.58
37.26
25.56
29.04
93.04
98.05
42.39
46.72
31.10
35.14
39.29
43.39
48.00
94.86
38.94
42.70
46.14
52.85
98.88
44.22
49.50
54.21
45.56
52.57
58.81
52.74
59.45
66.11
70.60
72.72
81.97
84.51
91.51
104.13
131.33
5.00 2.56
4.60 2.16
4.00 1.56
6.60 2.42
5.80 1.62
4.40 0.22
2.46
-
1.72
1.24
-
2.94
6.40 2.10
5.80 1.50
4.60 0.30
3.40
-
0.90
14.40 2.38
12.60 0.58
10.60
-
1.42
9.00
-
3.02
11.00 1.60
9.60 0.20
8.20
-
1.20
6.80
-
2.60
5.60
-
3.80
4.20
-
5.20
20.60 6.21
18.80 4.41
17.00 2.61
14.60 0.21
11.39
-
3.01
9.23 -5.17
28.20 6.03
26.20 4.03
24.20 2.03
22.20 0.03
19.80
-
2.37
31.00 6.48
29.00 4.48
27.20 2.68
25.60
1.08
22.40 -2.12
34.40 7.21
31.80 4.61
29.40 2.21
27.00 -0.19
35.80
....
32.40
....
29.60
....
40.20
....
36.80
....
33.60
....
31.60
45.60
....
39.60
....
86.40
....
54.80
....
48.40
....
35.20
....
INorninal weights, threads and
coupling
(Col.
2
),
are shown
for
the purpose
of
identification in ordering
Weight gain due to end finishing.
Source:
From
API
Spec
5A, 35th
Edition, March
1981,
p.
24.25.
From
Ref.
[151].
Casing and Casing String Design
1137
case of dispute, the measurements determined by use of the mechanical caliper
shall govern.
Weight
Each length of casing shall be weighed separately. Threaded-and-coupled pipe
shall be weighed with the couplings screwed on or without couplings, provided
proper allowance is made for the weight of the couplings. Threaded and coupled
pipe, integral joint pipe and pipe shipped without coupling shall be weighed
without thread protectors except
for
carload weighings for which proper
allowances shall be made for the weight of thread protectors. The weights
determined as described above shall conform to the specified calculated weights
(or adjusted calculated weight) for the end finish specified on the purchase
order, within the tolerances stipulated in Table
4-146.
Calculated weights shall
be determined in accordance with the following formula:
W,
=
(Wpe
x
L)
+
ew
Table
4-145
Extreme-Line Casing Dimensions and Weights
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nominal
Calculated Weight
Weight:
r
Sue: upset Upset and Threads
Outside and
Wd
hide
PLpia
r
-
9'.
Diameter, Threaded
Thi+ess,
Dia.,
End,
Std.
in.
lb
per
ft
m.
in.
lb/ft lb
OD
WALL
ID
Wh,
e,,, e,.,
5
5
5M
5M
5H
5H
6%
6%
6%
7
7
7%
7%
7.58
7%
8%
8%
8%
8%
8%
9%
9%
9%
9%
10%
10%
10%
15.00
18.00
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
24.00
28.00
32.00
0.296 4.408
14.87 4.60
.
..
0.362 4.276
17.93 1.40
,...
0.275 4.950
15.35 5.80 4.20
0.304 4.892
16.87 4.80 3 20
0.361 4.778
19.81 1.40
-
0.20
0.415 4.670
22.54
0.00
-
1.60
0
352 5.921
23.58 3.40 180
0.417 5.791
27.65
0.20
-
1
40
0.475
5.675 31.20
-
1.40
-
3.00
23.00
0.317 6.366
22.63
6.00
4.20
26.00 0.362 6.276
25.66
2.80 1
.oo
29.00
0.408
6.184 28.72
0.60
-
1.20
32.00
0.453 6.094
31.68
-
0.60
-
2.40
35.00
0.498 6.004
34.58
1.00
-
1.80
38
00
0
540 5.920
37.26
-
0.20
-
3
00
26.40
29.70
33 70
39.00
32.00
36.00
40.00
44.00
49
00
40.00
43.50
47
00
53.50
45.50
51.00
55.50
0.328
0.375
0.430
0.500
0.352
0.400
0.450
0.500
0.557
0.395
0
435
0.472
0.545
0.400
0.450
0.495
-
6.969
25.56 6.40 4.00
6.875
29.04
2.60 0.20
6.765
33.04
0.00
-
2.40
6.625
38.05
-
2.20
-
4.60
7.921 31.10
13.20 9.80
7.825
35 14
7.60
4.20
7.625 43.39
1.60
-
1.80
7.511
48.00
-
0.80
-
4.20
8.835
38.94
10.60 7.20
8.681
46.14
2.20
-
1.20
8.535
52.85
-
1.m
-
4.60
7.725 39.29
4.00
0.60
8.755 42.70
5
40
2.00
9.950 44.22
21.20
9.850 49.50
18.40
....
9.760 54.21
15.80
....
1138
Drilling and Well Completions
5
6
6%
5%
5%
6%
0%
0%
0%
7
7
7
7
7
7
7%
7%
7%
7%
8%
8%
8%
8%
8%
9%
9%
9%
9%
10%
10%
lo*
15.00
18.00
16.50
17.00
20.00
28.00
24.00
18.00
32.00
23.00
26.00
29.00
32.00
86.00
a8.w
20.40
29.70
33.70
89.00
32.00
36.00
40.00
44.00
49.00
40.00
48.60
47.00
63.60
45.60
61.00
65.60
6.300
6.300
6.800
6.860
6.800
6.800
7.000
7.000
7.000
7.390
7.390
7.390
7.390
7.530
7430
8.010
8.010
8.010
8.010
9.120
9.120
9.120
9.120
9.120
10.100
10.100
10.100
10.100
11.400
11.460
11.460
e...
....
6.780
6.780
5.780
6.780
0.930
0.930
6.980
7.310
7.310
7.310
7.310
7.390
7.390
7.920
7.920
7.920
7.920
9.030
9.030
9.030
9.080
9.080
10.020
10.020
10.020
10.020
....
....
....
4308
4308
4.740
4.711
4.711
4.619
5.792
6.741
6.624
6.182
0.182
6.134
6.042
6.949
6.869
6.782
6.782
6.710
6.676
7.737
7.737
7.074
7.676
7.460
8.677
8.677
8.633
8.485
9.729
9.039
9.1329
4.235
4.236
4.773
4.738
4.738
4.047
5.818
6.768
5.662
6.208
0.208
0.160
6.069
6.977
0.807
0.807
6.742
6.602
7.762
7.762
7.700
7.602
7.488
8.702
8.702
8.658
8.612
9.764
9.064
saw
gas4
6.360
6.300
6.860
6.860
SSGO
7.000
7.000
7.000
7.890
7.390
7.390
7.390
7.630
7.630
8.010
8.010
8.010
8.010
9.120
9.120
9.120
9.120
9.120
10.100
10.100
10.100
10.100
11.460
11.480
11.400
sa60
....
....
5.780
5.780
6.780
5.780
0.930
6.930
6.930
7.310
7.310
7.310
7.310
7.390
7.590
7.920
7.920
7.920
7.920
9.030
9.030
9.030
9.030
9.030
10.020
10.020
10.020
10.020
....
....
....
4.198
4.198
4.730
4,701
4.701
4.610
5.781
5.731
5.016
6.171
8.123
6.032
6.940
6.860
6.770
6.770
6.706
0.665
7.726
7.726
7.603
7.606
7.461
8.606
8.666
8.021
8.476
9.819
9.719
9.629
0.111
4.183
4.183
4.721
4.680
4.680
4.696
5.760
5.716
5.600
0.166
6.166
6.108
6.017
6.926
5.846
6.755
0.766
0.690
0.660
7.710
7.710
7.048
7.660
7.430
8.060
8.660
8.808
8.480
9.804
9.704
9.014
4.151
4.151
4.663
4.653
4.653
4.645
5.730
5.666
5.550
6.151
6.151
6.059
5.969
5.879
5.795
6.760
6.750
0.640
6.500
7.700
7.700
7.600
7.600
7.886
8.599
8.599
8.525
8.379
9.794
9.694
9.604
~~
Due to the nature of extreme-line casing, certain dimensional symbols and nomenclature differ from
those
for
similar details
for
other pipe covered
by
this specification.
Shown for reference.
SeeTable6.11. Ref. 4.15.1.
Weight gain
or
loss
due to end finishing.
See
Par. 6.5, Ref. 4.15.1.
*
Made-up joint
OD
is same as outside diameter dimension
M.
Source: From API Spec 5A, 35th Edition, March 1981, p. 26, 27. From Ref. [151].
where W,
=
calculated weight of a piece of pipe of length
L
in lb
W
=
plain-end weight
E
=
length of pipe, including end finish (see note on length deter-
ew
=
weight gain or loss due to end finish in lb
mination) in ft
Length
Pipe shall be furnished in range lengths conforming to Table
4-147,
as
specified on the purchase order. When pipe is furnished with threads and
couplings, the length shall be measured
to
the outer face of the coupling, or if
Casing and Casing String Design
1139
Table 4-146
Casing Weight Tolerance
Quantity Tolerance
Outside Diameter,
D
4
in and smaller (tubing)
.............................................................................
f0.031
in
4%
in and larger (casing)
............................................................................
+0.75 percent
Single Lengths
..............
-3.5 percent
Carload Lots
.................................................................................................
-1.75 percent
A
carload is considered to be a minimum of
40,000
Ibs.
Table 4-147
Casing Length Range
Range 1
2
3
Total range length,
ft
16-25 25-34
34-40
Range length for 95 percent or more
of
carload
Permissible variation max.
ft
6
5
6
Permissible length min. ft
18
28
36
measured without couplings proper allowance shall be made to include the
length of coupling. The extreme-line casing and integral joint tubing lengths
shall be measured to the outer face of the box end. For pup joints and
connectors, the length shall be measured from end to end.
Casing Jointers
If
so
specified on the purchase order for round-thread casing only, jointers
(two pieces coupled to make a standard length) may be furnished to a maximum
of
5% of the order, but no length used in making a jointer shall be less than 5 ft.
Coupling
API standards established three types of threaded joints:
1.
coupling joints with rounded thread (Figures 4-369 and 4-370) (long or short)
2.
coupling joints with asymmetrical trapezoidal thread buttress (Figure 4-371)
3.
extreme-line casing with trapezoidal thread without coupling (Figure 4-372)
There are also many non-API joints, like Hydril “CTS,” Hydril “Super FJ-P,”
The following are excerpts both from API Specification 5A, 35th Edition,
Armco SEAL-LOCK, Mannesmann metal-to-metal seal casing and others.
March 1981 and API RP 5B1, 1st Edition, April 1983.
1140
Drilling and Well Completions
aw
BASIC POWERTIGHT MAKEUP HANDTIGHT MAKEUP
Dd
Figure
4-369.
Short round-thread casing and coupling.
(From Ref.
1511.)
Taken from API Spec
5A
35th Edition, Ref. [151], p.
22.
See
Table 4.15.3 for pipe dimensions.
See
Table 4.15.9 for coupling dimensions.
See
API Std 58
for thread details.
BASIC POWERTIGHT MAKEUP HANOTIGHT MAKEUP
Figure
4-370.
Long round-thread casing and coupling.
(From Ref.
1511.)
From API Spec 5A, 35th Edition, March 1981, Ref. [151],
p.
23.
See
Table 4.15.4 for pipe dimensions.
See
Table 4.15.9 for coupling dimensions.
See
API Std 5B
for thread details.
-b
OF TRIANQLL
STUC
USE
w
mw
nulc
Figure
4-371.
Buttress thread casing and coupling.
(From Ref.
1511.)
See
Table 4.15.5 for pipe dimensions.
See
Table 4.15.10
for
coupling dimensions.
See
API Std 58
for thread details.
From API Spec 5A, 35th Edition, March 1981, Ref. [151], p.
25.
Casing and Casing String Design
1141
BOX
8
PIN
MEMBERS
1
E
POWER
TIGHT
Maw
bn@h
of
Upset
si,
Rn,t
Box$ Pin
or
Box,
Min. Min. Max
in.
in.
rnm
in.
mrn
in.
rnrn
OD
1
L,
I
-
-
5
6%
168.3
5%
6%
168.3
6%
6%
168.3
7
6%
168.3
7%
6%
168.3
8%
8
203.2
9%
8
203.2
10%
8
203,2
7
177.8
7
1778
7 177.8
7
177.8
7
1779
8%
222,2
8%
222,2
8%
222.2
8
8
8
8.
8
11
11
12%
203.2
203,2
203.2
203.2.
203.2
279.4
279.4
323.8
tL,
is the minimum length from end
of
pipe
of
the machined diameter B on pin. or machined diameter
D
plus length
of
thread on box.
to
the beginning
of
the internal
upset
runout.
'Le
shall be
9
in. (228.6 mm)
man.
for 7 in.
-
35
Iblfl and
7
in.
-
38
lblfl caaing.
Figure
4-372.
Extreme-line casing.
(From
Ref.
[74].)
From
API
Spec
5A, 35th
Edition, March
1981,
p.
28.
See Table
4.15.6
for
pipe dimensions. See
API
Std
56
for
thread details.
Elements
of
Threads
Threaded connections are complicated mechanisms consisting of many elements
that must interact in prescribed fashion
to
perform
a
useful function. Each of
these elements of a thread may be gauged individually as described in API
RP
5B1, 1st Edition, April 1983. The thread elements are defined
as:
1142
Drilling and Well Completions
1.
Thread height
or
depth.
The thread height or depth is the distance between
the threaded crest and the thread root normal to the axis of the thread
(Figure
4-373).
2.
Lead.
For pipe thread inspection purposes, lead is defined as the distance
from a point on a thread to a corresponding point on the adjacent thread
measured parallel to the thread axis (Figure
4-373).
3.
Taper.
Taper is the change in diameter of a thread expressed in in./ft
of
thread length.
Round Threads (Figure 4-373)
The purpose of round top (crest) and round bottom (roots) is:
a. to improve the resistance of the threads from galling in make-up;
b.
to provide a controlled clearance between make-up thread crest and root
for foreign particles or contaminants; and
c. to make the crests less susceptible to harmful damage from minor scratches
or dents. If insufficient interference is applied during makeup, the leak
path through the connection could be through the annular clearance
between mated crest and roots. Proper thread compound is necessary to
ensure leak resistance.
Buttress Thread (Figure 4-374
and
4-375)
Buttress threads are designed to resist high axial tension or compression
loading in addition to offering resistance to leakage.
The
3"
load flank offers resistance to disengagement under high axial tension
loading, while the
10"
stub flank offers resistance to high axial compressive
loading. In any event, leak resistance is again accomplished with use of proper
thread compound and/or thread coating agents. Leak resistance is controlled
by proper assembly (interference) within the perfect thread only.
L-
w4"
imen
PER
rmT
,,J-i--
,I"
-1
[ON
0'4YLTTR
Figure 4-373.
Round-thread casing and tubing thread configuration.
(From
Ref.
[154].)
Casing and Casing String Design
1143
Figure
4-374.
Buttress thread configuration for 16-in. outside diameter and
larger casing.
(From
Ref.
1541.)
i-
~~~~~sz~~zY~zT
DImtErEn
S/O"
31-
12"
4
Figure
4-375.
Buttress thread configuration for 13%-in. outside diameter and
smaller casing.
(From
Ref.
[154].)
Extreme-Line Casing (Integral Connection) (Figure
4-376)
Extreme-line casing in all sizes uses a modified acme type thread having a
12"
included angle between stub and load flanks, and all threads have crests
and roots flat and parallel to the axis (Figure
4-376).
For all sizes, the threads
are not intended to be leak resistant when made up. Threads are used purely
as a mechanical means to hold the joint members together during axial tension
loading. The connection uses upset pipe ends for pin and box members that
are an integral part of the pipe body. Axial compressive load resistance is
primarily offered by external shouldering to the connection or makeup.
Leak resistance is obtained on makeup by interference of metal-to-metal seal
between a long radius curved seal surface on the pin member engaging a conical
metal seal surface
of
the box member (Figures
4-372
and
4-376).
1144
Drilling and Well Completions
Thread compound is not necessarily a critical agent to ensure leak resistance,
but instead is used primarily as an antigalling or antiseizure agent.
Material
Couplings for pipe (both casing and tubing) shall be seamless and, unless
otherwise specified on the purchase order, shall be of the same grade as the
pipe, except grade
H-40
and 5-55 pipe which may be furnished with grade 5-55
or K-55 couplings.
Note:
Most buttress thread couplings will not develop the highest minimum
joint strength unless couplings
of
the next higher order are specified. (See API
Specification 5A for more detailed information.)
Physical Properties
Couplings
for
grades 5-55, K-55 and
N-80
shall conform to the tensile require-
ments specified in Table
4-142.
A tensile test shall be made on each heat of
steel from which couplings are produced, and the coupling manufacturer shall
maintain
a
record
of
such tests. This record shall be open to inspection by the
purchaser. Either round specimens proportioned as specified in ASTME
8:
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, or strip specimens shall be used, at the
option of the manufacturer.
Dlmensions and Tolerances
Couplings shall conform
to
the dimensions and tolerances shown in Tables
4148
and
4149.
Unless otherwise specified, threaded and coupled casing and tubing shall
be furnished with regular couplings.
Note:
Couplings inspection procedures are described
by
API RP
5B1, First
Edition, April
1983.
Thread Protectors
Design.
The manufacturer shall apply external
and
internal thread protectors
of such design, material and mechanical strength to protect the threaded end