41
2.7. Излучение в спектральных линиях атомов и молекул
κ
ν
: ν
ul
, — .
:
ν
ν−ν
−κ=κ
ν
2
0
2
exp c
Tk
M
ul
ul
B
(2.51)
0
κ ( )
ul
l
u
A
g
gc
v
3
10
2/3
3
0
8 νπ
=κ
. (2.52)
u l – , ,
A
ul
– u l,
M
Tk
B
2
=v
– -
( ) M.
-
T
x
.
ν
−=
xB
ul
l
u
l
u
Tk
h
g
g
n
n
exp
. (2.53)
. ;
T
x
.
.
,
( -
) – « »
(column density).
(§5.2)
λ = 21 .
42
2.8. Молекулярное мазерное излучение
-
. ,
T
x
-
. (« -
») u
l .
0>
−
=
∆
ul
ullu
l
gn
gngn
n
n
. (2.54)
-
( -
).
ν
ul
u
l, . -
(maser – Microwave Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation).
, -
OH, H
2
O ,
, ,
–
(§§ 5.5, 6.1).
, -
( ):
()
()
()
+∆α
ν
−=
∂
∆∂
+α∆=
∂
∂
+
∂
∂
ν
ν
,
2
,
Pn
h
I
t
n
AInc
x
I
c
t
I
(2.55)
A (
, -
), P – ( -