lOS
Cfacmb
I
CmpaHa R
y
o X
O~-----------£~
X
Puc
. 4.
16
.
OnmllMllJlbHaR
cmpyICmypa
npoU38oiJcm8a
iJ8YX
ZocyiJapcm8
••
c
3aICpblmou
3KOHOMU/WU
ECIlH 3XOHOMHKa 3'fID( CTpaH
3llKphlTlUl,
TO
OIlTI1MlIJIhHlUI
CTpYK1YPa
rrpOH3BO.aCTB3.
If,
CIlelIOB3TeJJbHO, CTpYJCIYpa
HCn0JIb30BaHIDr
pecypCOB
xa)I(lloA
H3
HHX
OrrpelIeJU!eTCSI H3
peweHHSl
3a,u;a'fH 0 MaXCHMyMe
rrOJle3-
HOC1li Ha COOTBeTCTBYJOlIleM MHO)f(eCTBe npOH3BOlICTBeHHl.Ix
B03MO)f(HOCTeA (TO'fXH
A H B
Ha
pHC. 4.
16)
.
qTO .aaeT
BHeWHSISI
TOProsmr?
Ha
3TOT
Bonpoc
OTBeTHJIH
WBelIClCHe
3KOHOMHCTbl
3.Xexwep
H
O.OJlHH
(1933
r.)
B
cBoeA
TeopHH,
CMhlCJJ
xOTOpoA JaKJIlO'laeTCSI B TOM, 'ITO
"CTpaHbl
3XCnOpTHpYK>T rrpolI}'XTbI
HHTeHCHBHOrO HCrr0Jlb30BaHIDr H36b1TO'lHblX q,llKTOPOB
(H
HMrrOpTHpYJOT
rrpoJIYXTbl HHTeHCHBHOrO HCrr0Jlb30BaHHSI .neq,Hl.I.HTHhIX
.llJISI
HID: q,aKTO-
poB)"
. TI03lIHee
3Ta
TeOPHS!
6blJ1a 060CHOBaHa
TI
.CaMy3JJbCOHOM,
KOTO-
pblA
Ha oCHOse MOlIeJlH
2x2x2
YCTaHOBHJJ
YCIlOBHSI,
rrpH
KOTOPbIX
TeO-
pHS!
Xexwepa-OJJHHa
SlBJISleTCSI
KOppeKTHott.
I1TaK, rryCTb CTpYKTYpa rrpoH3Bo.nCTB3. CTpaHbI
R,
HCnOJlb3YJOlIleA lISa
BHJla
pecypcoB
lIJISI
rrpoH3Bo.nCTB3.
.nBYX
BH.llOB TOBapoB, orrpe,neJlSleTCll
HeKOTOpoA OITTHMaJIbHOtt
rro
TIapeTo
TO'lKOtt
N
(pHc
.
4.17,
CJIeBa).
3.1leCb
npellnOJlaraeTCSI, 'ITO
rrpOH3BO,nCTBO
TOBapoB B
c-rpaHe
R onHCbI-
B3eTCli paccMOTpeHHott
Bblwe
Mo.aeJJblO
2x2,
BCIle.nCTBHe
'1ero
KOOPllH-
HaTbl
:noli
TO'lKH X
N
H Y
N
y,nOWleTB0PSlIOT ypaBHeHHSIM
(4.22),
r,ne
ne-
peMeHHble U H V CBlI3aHb1 COOTHOWeHHeM
(4
.
15).
n pellno.10)f(HM
Tenepb,
'ITO CTparia R lKeJlaeT rrpo.naTb CTpaHe Q
TO-
B3p
BToporo
BHJla B KOJlH'IeCTBe Y
N
- Y H
rrpH06pecrn
y
Hee
Ha BbIPY-
'leHKble
lIeHbfH
TOBap
nepBoro
BHlla B KOJlH'IeCTBe X - X
N
.
ECJJH
PI
H P
z
- ueHbJ TOBapOB
nepBoro
H
BToporo
BH.lla
TO
1-13
yCJIo-
BI1R
06MeHa '
nonyqaeM
(
4.27)
fl1080
4
109
PIX
+ P
2
Y =
PIX
N
+ P
1
Y
N
TaKI-IM
06pa30M,
ypaBHeHHe
(427)
3a.naeT
npllM
oxo,nI-IT
'lepe3
TO'lKY
N neprreH.llHKynJlPHO BeKTo
YKl,
KOTOP3JI
~~SlMYIO
6Y.lleM
Hll3bfBaTb
JlHHHeA 06MeHa.
PY
ueH.
:7ry
JlnSl
onpe,neJleHHocrn
rrpHMeM PJ=J TOrJla ueHa P
CKOJIbKO
e.lJ"'HHU TOnapa
nepBoro
BHJla
.a~JI)f(Ha
OTJIaTb
c:r:a::K.a:JblBaCT,
noJIY'l1'fTb
BJaMeH e.llHHHUY
TOMpa
BToporo
B\1;la.
(£enH
Q,
'fTo6b1
,.-maRa Q
npo.aaeT
Jlec B KOJlH'leCTBe
(Y
r
l?
H Ha Bblpvu ' HanpHMep,
w....
6 J .CHflble
lIeHbIll
npl-l06peTaeT
Me
eJJb
B
KO(JlH'leCTBe
(X-X,J,
TO
COO1lloWCHHe
UeH
P2/
PJ
= 0,01
3THX
TonapOB H
TO
H JIPyroe - JInll npocrt7rbi _
no
03Ha'iaeT, 'ITO JJeca
Ha,110
npo.naTb B 100 p33 6oJIbWe).
BeCy)
C,neJlaeM
.lIonyweHHe,
'ITO CTpaHa R C1peMHTCll
MaXCHMHJHpoBaTb
nO)le3HOCTb
Ha
JlHHHH
06MeHa
(4.27).
Kax
BHJIHO
H3
pHC.
4
17
(CJJcaa)
COOTBeTCTBYJ01I.lI'dt
MaKCHM}'M JIOCTHraCTcll B TO'lKe M '
ECJlH CTpaHa R
6yneT
c-rpeMHTbCJI
Hakrn
HaHily'lIUylO
HJ
BCex
TO'lex
M,
KOTopble
COOTBeTCIBYJOT
Pll3JJH'flihIM TO'IKllM
N,
npKHlllllIelKllIlIHM
Ml{o)l(eCTBY
rrpoH3BolI
CTBe
HHhlX
B03MOJKHOCTeli,
TO
MbI
no.lY'!HM
TO'IKy
DR
Ha JJHHHH
06MeHa,
npoxoJlSlllleJ1 '1epe3 TO'lXY
SR
Ha JlHHlfH npoHJ-
BOlICTBeHHbIX B03MO)f(HOCTeA.
TaKHM
06P1l30M,
HaHJIY'illl
e
J1
JlHHHeH
06MeHlllIJlll
CTpaHbl R JlB.1JIeT-
CSI
KaCaTeJIbHaR K
ee
JlHHHH rrpoH3BolICTBeHKblX
BOJMOJKHOCTeIi,
KOTO-
paS!
nepneH.llHKYJUlpHa
Bexropy
ueH
(pHC
417,
CJJeaa).
n03TOM}' Koop-
WHaTbl
TO'lJOl S R
orrpe.neJJJDOTCSI
TO'IHO
TaX
)l(C,
xax
H B
n.
44
.1L1JI
3TOro Ha,llO:
1)
HaAni
peweHHe
(u&vR>
CHCTeMbi
ypaaHeHHli (4.15) H (4.19),
2) BbI'IHCIlHTb OllTHMarJbHble o!YbeMhI
npOH3BOlICTBa,
KOTOPblC
B CIIJI}·
(4.9)
1-1
(4
.
10)
paBHbl
CmpOHO
R
CmpoHll
Q
y
y
f·
••
..
1
p
I
I
'.
. . D
P
'!
. ;
.,
R
~~~t~~Jt
f·
M'
,
X
o X
N
X X 0
eii
moplO&lU
iJ6yx
cmpOH
Puc
. 4.11
flpO/138oiJcm8o
/I
cnpoc
HO
pblHKI!
8HeUJH