Курбатов Ю.Л., Шелудченко В.И., Кравцов В.В. Механика жидкости и газа: Учебное пособие
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Ha6eraIOIn;erO
nnOCKOCTh,
nOToKa),
M2;
C~
- K03<p<pHU;HeHT
conpOTHBJIeHHH
JIlIeMhrff
,ll,JIlI
IlIapa
no
<popMyJIe
CToKca-03eeHa
C.u
=
24(1+~Re)
Re
16
'
126
,ll,aBneHHH,
onpe,ne-
Ta6JlHIJ,a
3 -
3HaqeHHH
K03c1JclJHIJ,HeHTa
conpOTHBJleHHH
)J.aBJle-
HHH
ell
HeKoTopblX
TeJl
<l>opMa
TeJIa
I.IlJIaBHo
OQepl.leHHble
TeJIa
Wap.
___
_
3JIJIHnCOH)J.
BpaIl(eHmI
C
OTHOIlleHHeM
oceH
5:9, C
60JIbIllOH
OCblO,
HanpaBJIeHHOH
nep-
neHll:HKyJI~PHO
K
nOToKY.
___
.
KpyrJIblii
QHJIHHll:P
(6ecKOHeQHOH
ll:JIHHbI)
......
.
KanJIe06pa3HbIH
npOIPHJIb
C
OTHOIlleHHeM
ll:JIHHbI K
HaH60JIbIlleH
TOJIIl(HHe
lid:
18.
____
.
3.
______
.
2.TeJIa
C
OCTpbIMH
KpoMKaMH
C)j
0,47
0,22
0,6
0,2
1,2
0,3 - 0,4
0,0196
0,04
TIJIaCTHHKa
KpyrJIOH
IPOpMbI..
__
.
1,11
TIP~MOYTOJIbHa~
nJIaCnIHKa
C
OTHOIlleHHeM
CTOPOH
aJb:
L
1,1
2._
1,15
4._
1,19
10._
1,29
00.
______
. 2,01
TIOJIHOe
nOJIyIllapHe,
06paIlJ,eHHOe
Bna)1,HHOH
HaBCTpel.lY
TeqeHHlO.
____
.
1,33
To
)Ke,
06paIl(eHHOe
Bnall:HHOH
no
TeqeHHIO.
___
.
0,34
127
Re
1
·
10
3<Re
<
3·
10
5
>
3.10
5
<
45·
10
5
,
>
55·
10
5
,
<
2.10
5
>
5·
10
5
KpyrJIbIH
I~HJIHH,D,p
npH
06TeKamm
B
Ha-
npBJIeHHH
ero
OCH
npH
f/
d :
0.. 1,12
L 0,91
2.. 0,85
4..
0,87
7.. 0,99
Ib
paBeHcTBa
CHJI
Fo=Fj\
onpe,D,emleTCSI
CKOPOCTb
BHTaHHSI
,D,JISI
O,D,HOH
qaCTH~bI:
W
BHT
=
B
PCaJIbHbIX
B3BeceHeCYlll.HX
nOTOKax
BBO,D,HTCSI
nonpaBKa
Ha
CTCCHCHHC
qaCTH~
CTCHKaMH
H COCC,D,HHMH
qaCTH~aMH.
K03<p<PHl(HCHT
CTeCHCHHSI
r,D,C
D - ,D,HaMCTp
Tpy6onpOBO,D,a,
M;
C
yqeTOM
CTeCHCHHSI
CKOPOCTb
BHTaHHSI,
WOHT.CT.=WOHT,EcT,'
a K03<p<pH-
~HCHT
conpOTHBJICHHSI
Cj\CT=Cj\'
K2.
DOJICC
CJIO)KHbIH
xapaKTCp
HMCCT
,D,BH)KCHHC
TBep,D,blx
qaCTH~
Ha
ropH30HTaJIbHbIX
yqaCTKaX
Tpy60npOBO,D,OB.
,ll,JISI
3<P<PCKTHBHoro
TpaHcnopTHpOBaHHSI
B3BCllICHHbTX
qaCTH~
Hc06xo,D,HMO,
qT06bT
CKO-
POCTb
nOTOKa
npCBbTllIaJIa
TaK
Ha3bIBacMYIO
KPHTHqCCKYlO
CKOPOCTb
w
Kp
•
HJIH
CKOPOCTh
"TporaHHSI"
T.C.
MHHHMaJIhHYIO
CKOPOCTb
nOTOKa,
npH
KOTOPOH
TBep,D,hIC
qaCTH~hI
,D,BH)KYTC}l B )KH,D,KOCTH
(ra3c)
6C3
OCa)K,D,CHH}l. ,ll,JI}l
nHcBMoTPaHcnopTa
CKOPOCTh
w
Kp
•
MO)KCT
6hITh
on-
PC,D,CJICHa
no
3MIIHPHqCCKOH
<P0PMYJIC
W
Kp
= 5,6Do,34
d
O,36(P2/PI
)0,5
xO,25
, M/c.
OnpC,D,CJICHHC
<paKTHqeCKOH
CKOPOCTH
nOTOKa
B
CHCTCMax,
COCTO}l-
lll.HX
KaK
H3
BCpTHKaJIbHbIX,
TaK
H
ropH30HTaJIbHbIX
yqaCTKOB,
npOH3-
BO,D,U
no
60JIhllICH
H3
CKOPOCTCH
BHTaHH}l
H
TpOraHH}l.
O,D,HOH
H3
3a,D,aq
,D,JI}l
HH)KCHCpa
SIBJISICTCSI
onpC,D,CJICHHC
rH,D,paB-
JIH'-IeCKOI'O
cOnpOHfBJIeHHH
CHCTeMbI
nHeBMoTpaHcnopTa.
,ll,aBJIeHHe
B
128
HaLJ:arre
CHCTeMhI
paCXO.D.yeTCji
Ha
npeO.D.OJIeHHe
TPeHHji,
MeCTHhIX
CO-
npOTHBJIeHHH,
a
TaIOKe
Ha
nO.D.beM TBep.D.OrO
MaTepHarra
Ha
BepTH-
KarrbHhIX
yqaCTKax.
rH.D.paBJIHLJ:eCKOe
conpOTHBJIeHHe
B 3HaLJ:HTeJIh-
HOH
Mepe
3aBHCHT
OT
CTPYKTyphI
nOTOKa,
npH
3TOM
B03MO)l(HhI
TPH
BapHaHTa:
1)
IIpH
MarroH
KOHQeHTPaQHH
P<O,3
B3BeceHecYIQHii
nOTOK
paccMaT-
PHBaIOT
KaK
0.D.HOP0.D.HYIO
(KoHTHHyarrhHYIO)
Cpe.D.Y,
(TaK
Ha3hIBae-
MblH
".D.HCnepCOH.D."), nJIOTHOCTh H
Bji3KOCTh
KOTOPOH
3aBHCjiT
OT
KOHQeHTPaQHH
TBep.D.bIX
qaCTHQ:
PCM=P2P+PI(l-P),
~M=1l1
(1_pr
2
,8.
nOTepH
.D.aBJIeHHH onpe)),eJIHIOTCH
IIO
1P0pMyJIe
,l],apcH
-
Beiic6axa
2
_')..,
!:...
wI
.1P - B3B d
PI
2 '
a
K0341IPHQHeHT
rH.D.paBJIHLJ:eCKOrO
TPeHHji
no
1P0pMyJIe
A.,l1,.
AJIbT-
rnyJIji
Re=
PCMwld
IlCM
2)
llPH
06beMHoH
KOHQeHTPaQHH
O,3<P<0,4
o6pa3yeTC5I
TaK
Ha3hI-
BaeMhIH
"IPJIlOH)),HhIH
IIOTOK",
KOTOPblH
xapaKTepH3yeTcH
Y)l(e
He
)),BH)I(eHHeM OT)),eJIhHblX
qaCTHQ,
a
06IQHM
)),BH)I(eHHeM BCCH
MaCChI
TBep))'OH
iPa3hI.
3)
flpH
06beMHoH
KOHQeHTpaQHH
p>O,4
06pa3ycTcH
06beMHaH
pe-
rneTKa
)),BH)I(YIQeroC5I
IPHJIhTpYIOIQero
CJIOH,
T.e.
IIJIOTHOro
IIOTOKa.
flOTCPI1
)),aBJIeHHH
)),JIH
BToporo
H
TpcThcro
BapHaHTa
CTPYKTYPhI
B3BeceHeCYIQero
IIOTOKa
onpe.D.eJIHIOT
no
<p0pMYJIe
",p=
",PI
(1
+ax)
rLl,e
l1PI-
nOTepH
.D.aBJIeHHji
LJ:HCTOH
)l(H.D.KOCTH, paCCLJ:HThIBae-
Mhle
no
<p0pMYJIe
,[lapcH
-
BeHc6axa;
a - 3MnHpHLJ:eCKHH K03iP<PHl].HeHT,
3aBHCjiIQHH
OT
BH.D.a
Ma-
TepH,wa,
OTHOCHTeJIhHOH
KpynHocTH
diD, OTHOCHTeJIhHOH CKOPOCTH
WI/W
BHT
• H oIIpe)),eJIHeTCH
no
CnpaBOqHHKaM
B
cIIeQHaJIhHOH
JIHTepa-
Type.
129