Kostick Conor. The Social Structure of the First Crusade
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The Social Structure of the First Crusade
The Medieval Mediterranean
Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500
Managing Editor
Hugh Kennedy
SOAS, London
Editors
Paul Magdalino, St. Andrews
David Abulafi a, Cambridge
Benjamin Arbel, Tel Aviv
Larry J. Simon, Western Michigan University
Olivia Remie Constable, Notre Dame
VOLUME 76
The Social Structure
of the First Crusade
By
Conor Kostick
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2008
Cover illustration: “Dieu le veule—Peter The Hermit preaching the First Crusade” by
James Archer (1823–1904)
© Photograph by K. Ross Hookway
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kostick, Conor, 1964–
The social structure of the First Crusade / by Conor Kostick.
p. cm. — (The Medieval Mediterranean ; 76)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–90–04–16665–3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Crusades—First, 1096–1099.
2. Civilization, Medieval. 3. Social classes—Europe—History—To 1500. I. Title.
D161.2.K67 2008
956’.014—dc22
2008009738
ISSN 0928–5520
ISBN 978 90 04 16665 3
Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing,
IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
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printed in the netherlands
In Memoriam
Anne Walsh
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ....................................................................... ix
Abbreviations ................................................................................ xi
Introduction .................................................................................. 1
Chapter One: The Eyewitnesses .................................................. 9
Chapter Two: The Early Historians ............................................ 51
Chapter Three: Pauperes and the First Crusade: From the
Preaching of the Crusade to the Rise of the Visionaries ....... 95
Chapter Four: Pauperes and the First Crusade: From Antioch to
Jerusalem ................................................................................... 131
Chapter Five: Milites: Knights or Simply Mounted Warriors? ... 159
Chapter Six: Iuvenes: The Glory-Seeking Knights of the
Crusade ..................................................................................... 187
Chapter Seven: Principes and the Crusading Nobility .................. 213
Chapter Eight: The Leadership of the First Crusade ................ 243
Chapter Nine: Women and the First Crusade: Prostitutes or
Pilgrims? .................................................................................... 271
Conclusion .................................................................................... 287
Bibliography .................................................................................. 301
Index ............................................................................................. 315
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A number of medieval historians were kind enough to share their
thoughts on certain points featured in this book and for their com-
munications I would like to thank Anne Duggan, S. B. Edgington,
John France, Bernard Hamilton, Natasha Hodgson, A. V. Murray and
Leena Roos. Sini Kangas was particularly supportive and brought her
extensive knowledge of the First Crusade to bear on the early drafts
of some of the chapters.
The formulations in this book have benefi ted greatly from their hav-
ing been discussed with my colleagues at Trinity College Dublin; my
thanks are due to Terry Barry, Léan Ní Chléirigh, Peter Crooks, Séan
Duffy, David Green, Katherine Simms and all those who attended the
seminars at which some of the ideas in this book were fi rst presented.
Most heartfelt thanks are especially due to Christine Meek, whose
extensive bibliographical knowledge was extremely helpful and who
was very generous with her time.
It has been a great pleasure to work with such effi cient, friendly and
supportive librarians as Anne Walsh and Mary Higgins at the Library
of Trinity College Dublin. Alas, since I wrote the preceding sentence
Anne passed away: this book is dedicated to her memory.
Much of the research for this book was conducted while I was a
post-graduate scholar of the Irish Research Council for the Humanities
and the Social Sciences and I am very grateful for their assistance.
I was fortunate in growing up in a household where medieval history
was frequently a topic for discussion, a topic informed by my father’s
extensive and scholarly book collection, much of which has stealthily
been transferred over the years to my own bookshelves. The impact on
this book of conversations with my father, Gerry Kostick, and especially
my brother, Gavin Kostick, has been considerable.
Two other non-medievalists who I am keen to acknowledge here for
their moral and intellectual support are my old comrade Andy Wilson
and my partner Aoife Kearney.
Finally, I turn to I. S. Robinson. If I were to do justice to the kind-
ness, intellect, erudition and generosity of my former supervisor this
acknowledgement would both embarrass him and sound distinctly like
this was a work of medieval hagiography. I therefore confi ne myself to
saying that no scholar could have wanted for a better mentor.