Jammer M. Concepts of Mass in Contemporary Physics and Philosophy
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INDEX
Rosen, Nathan, 135
Ruby, R., 69n14
Rueda, Alfonso, theory of mass, 163–66
Sachs, Mendel, on derivation of mass-
energy relation, 66
Sakharov, Andrei D., 165
Salam, Abdus, 162, 163
Salpeter, Edwin Ernest, 160
Sampanthar, Sam: and Tolman’s work,
48; on velocity of light as constant of
integration, 46–47
Sandin, Thomas R., 55
satellite test of equivalence principle
(STEP), 112–13
scalar-tensor theory of gravitation, 118, 136
Schiff, Leonard I.: challenge to antigravity
assumption, 128; and Einstein
equivalence principle, 105; on
Eötvös experiments, 114–15; and
PPN formalism, 95
Schlick, Moritz, 16
Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen, 27–28
School of Scientific Empiricists, objection
against operationalism, 20
Schuster, Arthur, 123
Sciama, Dennis William, theory of
gravitation, 151–52, 154–57; critical
analyses of, 157–58; Maxwell’s
electromagnetic field theory and, 153–54
science, development of, philosophical
views of, 56–57
scientific terms: dichotomization of, 21;
meaning-variance of, 57
Sears, Varley F., 121
Segrè, Emilio, 124
SEP. See strong equivalence principle
Shadowitz, Albert, 71
Smith, R. T., 79
solar problem, 141
space-time, and weak equivalence
principle, 102–3
special relativity: equality of gravitational
and inertial masses in, 131–32;
fundamental postulates of, 71;
Michelson-Morley experiment and, 111;
Newton’s formulation of, 119. See also
general relativity; relativity, Einstein’s
theory of
Spurgin, C. B., 87
Stachel, John, on derivation of mass-energy
relation, 66
Stahl, Georg Ernst, 122
Standard Model of particle physics, 141,
161–62
Steck, Daniel J., derivation of mass-energy
relation, 70
Steinle, Friedrich, 31–32
STEP. See satellite test of equivalence
principle
Stern, Otto, 121
Stewart, Balfour, 34
stochastic electrodynamical theory of
mass, 144, 163–66
Stoke, George Gabriel, 33
strong equivalence principle (SEP), 104;
astronomical tests of, 120; Eötvös
experiment and, 114; Newton’s
anticipation of, 101, 120
superstring theory, 166–67
table-top definition of inertial mass, 17–19
tachyons, 58n31
Tait, Peter Guthrie, on mass-weight
distinction, 91
tardyons, 58n31
tau neutrino, 141
tauon, mass of, 161
Taylor, Edwin F., on relativistic mass, 52,
54–55
theoretical concept(s): elimination method
for, 22; mass as, 20–22, 24; versus
observational concept(s), 21
theories, incommensurable, 57, 57n28
theories of mass: Assis’s, 158–60;
Bekenstein’s, 161; dynamical, 143,
144–46, 151; Einstein’s, 146–49;
electromagnetic, 35–36, 144; force in,
144; kinematical, 143–44; local versus
global, 144; Mach’s, 144–46; problem
encountered by, 143; Sciama’s, 151–58;
stochastic electrodynamical, 144, 163–66
thermodynamics, equivalence of
mechanical work and heat in, 88
178
INDEX
Thieberger, Peter, 128
Thiele, Rudolf, 12
Thirring-Lense effect, anticipation of, 146
Thomson, Joseph John, 34–35;
electromagnetic theory of mass,
144
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), on
mass-weight distinction, 91
Thüring, Bruno, 29
time, nonrelativistic versus relativistic
concepts of, 56
time reversal, in CPT theorem, 124
Tisserand, François Felix, 153
Tolman, Richard C., 48n11; Landau-
Sampanthar work and, 48; longitudinal
collision experiment, 45–46; transverse
collision experiment, 44–45
top-quark, mass of, 161
Torretti, Roberto, on derivation of
mass-energy relation, 66
transverse collision (thought experiment),
44–45
transverse mass: conception of, 42;
Einstein’s equation for, 43
Tsai, Ling, thought experiment of, 131–32
Tucker, George, Voyage to the Moon, 122–23
UFF. See uniqueness of free fall;
universality of free fall
uncharged particles, and relativistic mass,
42
uniqueness of free fall (UFF), principle of,
98
universality of free fall (UFF), principle of,
97–99; Galileo-type tests of, 114
universe: empty, inertial mass of particle
in, 157; expanding, and mass of particle,
160
vacuum, 32; quantum, and inertia, 164, 165
van Buren, Dave, 133
Vanyck, Michael A., 55
velocity of light: as constant of integration,
46–48; in derivation of mass-energy
relation, 68, 76; and relativistic mass,
41; in Tolman’s derivation of relativistic
mass, 46
velocity-dependent mass. See relativistic
mass
Verne, Jules, De la Terre à la Lune, 123
Viennese Circle, and Mach’s definition of
mass, 16
virtual mass, 33
virtual particles, 32
Vlaev, Stoyan J., on weight-inertia
proportionality in classical mechanics,
107–8
Volkmann, Paul, 12
von Borzeszkowski, Horst-Heino, 16, 150
von Laue, Max, 73
Vøyenli, Kjell, 57–58
Voyage to the Moon (Tucker), 122–23
W
+
, 162, 163
W
⫺
, 162, 163
Wahsner, Renate, 16, 150
Walton, Ernest T. S., 87
Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik, 114
Warren, J. W., 87
weak equivalence principle (WEP), 97;
ancient atomists and, 98–100; antimatter
and, 125–26; for antiparticle, 124;
versus Aristotelian thesis, 98–99; for
bodies moving at high speed, 131–
32; dynamic version of, 97, 98, 99;
and Einstein equivalence principle, 105;
Einstein’s explanation of, 108–9; and
Einstein’s general theory of relativity,
101, 102–4; Eötvös experiment and,
103, 109–10; Galileo’s demonstration of,
98–99, 100; gravitational binding energy
and, 115–18; kinematic version of, 97–99;
Moscow solar experiment and, 111–12,
113; in Newtonian physics, 105–8;
Newton’s demonstration of, 100–101;
Princeton solar experiment and, 111,
113; in space-time terminology, 102–3;
in special relativity, 131–32; stochastic
electrodynamical theory and, 165; tests
of, 103, 109–14, 120–21
Weber, Wilhelm, 152
Weber’s inertial mass, 159
179
INDEX
Weber’s law of electrodynamical forces,
152; gravitational analogues of, 153, 158,
159
weight: as force, 8; historical origins of
concept, 7–8; and inertia, proportionality
in Newton’s physics, 105–8; and Mach’s
derivation of measurability of mass, 15;
and mass, confusion between concepts
of, 90–91; and mass, proportionality
between, Newton’s proof of, 100–101;
versus quantity of matter, in Newton’s
theory, 90; and velocity in free fall, 98–99
Weinberg, Steven, 105n24, 162
Weisskopf, Victor F., 69n14
WEP. See weak equivalence principle
Westfall, Richard S., 8
Weyl, Hermann, definition of inertial
mass, 8–10, 93, 154n32
Wheeler, John Archibald, on relativistic
mass, 52, 54–55
Whewell, William, on weight-inertia
proportionality, 106
Whitaker, Andrew, 54
Wien, Wilhelm, 103
Will, Clifford M., 95, 115
Winterberg, Friedwardt, challenge
to antigravity assumption, 127–
28
Witteborn, Fred C., 121n70, 125
Yang-Mills gauge theories, introduction of
mass into, 162–63
Z bosons, 162, 163
zero-point field, and inertia, 164,
165
180