Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Moritz H. Physical Geodesy
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P
terrestrial sphere
Ã
Ã
R
d¾
Rd
2
¾
unit sphere
rR=
r =1
l
r
P
Q
geoid
WW=
0
ellipsoid
UW=
0
N
geopotential
surface
spheropotential
surface
WW=
P
= const.
UW=
P
= const.
Q
0
P
0
N
P
P
P
N
Ã
d¾
dÃ
sinîd
®
north pole
0
1
2
–1
–2
30°
60° 90° 120° 150° 180°
3
4
F()Ã
S( )Ã