Halliday D., Resnick R., Walker J. Fundamentals of physics. Test Bank

38. The elliptical orbit of a planet around the Sun is shown on the diagram. Which of the following

statements is true?

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

..

...

....

......

................

......

....

...

..

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

..

....

......

..............

......

....

..

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

•

A

•

B

•

C

•

D

•

E

A. the eccentricity of the orbit is less than zero

B. the eccentricity of the orbit is greater than 1

C. the sun might be at point C

D. the sun might be at point D

E. the sun might be at point B

ans: E

39. Consider the statement: “Earth moves in a stable orbit around the Sun and is therefore in

equilibrium”. The statement is:

A. false, because no moving body can be in equilibrium

B. true, because Earth does not fall into or ﬂy away from the Sun

C. false, because Earth is rotating on its axis and no rotating body can be in equilibrium

D. false, because Earth has a considerable acceleration

E. true, because if it were not in equilibrium then buildings and structures would not be stable

ans: D

40. A planet travels in an elliptical orbit about a star X as shown. The magnitude of the acceleration

of the planet is:

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

....

.......

............

.......

....

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

....

.....

..................

.....

....

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

••

•

••

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

WX

•

•••

•

•••

•

••

•

••

•

A. greatest at point Q

B. greatest at point S

C. greatest at point U

D. greatest at point W

E. the same at all points

ans: D

Chapter 13: GRAVITATION 201

41. In planetary motion the line from the star to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times.

This is a direct consequence of:

A. the conservation of energy

B. the conservation of momentum

C. the conservation of angular momentum

D. the conservation of mass

E. none of the above

ans: C

42. The speed of a comet in an elliptical orbit about the Sun:

A. decreases while it is receding from the Sun

B. is constant

C. is greatest when farthest from the Sun

D. varies sinusoidally with time

E. equals L/(mr), where L is its angular momentum, m is its mass, and r is its distance from

the Sun

ans: A

43. A planet travels in an elliptical orbit about a star as shown. At what pair of points is the speed

of the planet the same?

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

....

.......

............

.......

....

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

..

....

...

.....

...................

......

...

....

..

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

••

•

••

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

A. W and S

B. P and T

C. P and R

D. Q and U

E. V and R

ans: D

202 Chapter 13: GRAVITATION

44. Planet 1 and planet 2 are both in circular orbits around the same central star. The orbit of

planet 2 has a radius that is much larger than the radius of the orbit of planet 1. This means

that:

A. the period of planet 1 is greater than the period of planet 2 and the speed of planet 1 is

greater than the speed of planet 2

B. the period of planet 1 is greater than the period of planet 2 and the speed of planet 1 is

less than the speed of planet 2

C. the period of planet 1 is less than the period of planet 2 and the speed of planet 1 is less

than the speed of planet 2

D. the period of planet 1 is less than the period of planet 2 and the speed of planet 1 is greater

than the speed of planet 2

E. the planets have the same speed and the same period

ans: D

45. For a planet in orbit around a star the perihelion distance is r

p

ad its speed at perihelion is v

p

.

The aphelion distance is r

a

and its speed at aphelion is v

a

. Which of the following is true?

A. v

a

= v

p

B. v

a

/r

a

= v

p

/r

p

C. v

a

r

a

= v

p

r

p

D. v

a

/r

2

a

= v

p

/r

2

p

E. v

a

r

2

a

= v

p

r

2

p

ans: C

46. A planet is in circular orbit around the Sun. Its distance from the Sun is four times the average

distance of Earth from the Sun. The period of this planet, in Earth years, is:

A. 4

B. 8

C. 16

D. 64

E. 2.52

ans: B

47. Two planets are orbiting a star in a distant galaxy. The ﬁrst has a semimajor axis of 150 ×

10

6

km, an eccentricity of 0.20, and a period of 1.0 Earth years. The second has a semimajor

axis of 250 × 10

6

km, an eccentricity of 0.30, and a period of:

A. 0.46 Earth years

B. 0.57 Earth years

C. 1.4 Earth years

D. 1.8 Earth years

E. 2.2 Earth years

ans: E

Chapter 13: GRAVITATION 203

48. A small satellite is in elliptical orbit around Earth as shown. If L denotes the magnitude of its

angular momentum and K denotes kinetic energy:

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

....

......................

....

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

..

...

....

.........

......

.........

....

...

..

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

••

12

Earth

•

•••

•

•••

•

••

•

••

•

•••

•

••

•

••••

•

A. L

2

>L

1

and K

2

>K

1

B. L

2

>L

1

and K

2

= K

1

C. L

2

= L

1

and K

2

= K

1

D. L

2

<L

1

and K

2

= K

1

E. L

2

= L

1

and K

2

>K

1

ans: E

49. Assume that Earth is in circular orbit around the Sun with kinetic energy K and potential

energy U, taken to be zero for inﬁnite separation. Then, the relationship between K and U:

A. is K = U

B. is K = −U

C. is K = U/2

D. is K = −U/2

E. depends on the radius of the orbit

ans: D

50. An artiﬁcial Earth satellite is moved from a circular orbit with radius R to a circular orbit with

radius 2R. During this move:

A. the gravitational force does positive work, the kinetic energy of the satellite increases, and

the potential energy of the Earth-satellite system increases

B. the gravitational force does positive work, the kinetic energy of the satellite increases, and

the potential energy of the Earth-satellite system decreases

C. the gravitational force does positive work, the kinetic energy of the satellite decreases, and

the potential energy of the Earth-satellite system increases

D. the gravitational force does negative work, the kinetic energy of the satellite increases, and

the potential energy of the Earth-satellite system decreases

E. the gravitational force does negative work, the kinetic energy of the satellite decreases, and

the potential energy of the Earth-satellite system increases

ans: E

51. An artiﬁcial satellite of Earth nears the end of its life due to air resistance. While still in orbit:

A. it moves faster as the orbit lowers

B. it moves slower as the orbit lowers

C. it slowly spirals away from Earth

D. it moves slower in the same orbit but with a decreasing period

E. it moves faster in the same orbit but with an increasing period

ans: A

204 Chapter 13: GRAVITATION

52. A spaceship is returning to Earth with its engine turned oﬀ. Consider only the gravitational

ﬁeld of Earth and let M be the mass of Earth, m be the mass of the spaceship, and R be the

distance from the center of Earth. In moving from position 1 to position 2 the kinetic energy

of the spaceship increases by:

A. GMm

}

1

R

2

−

1

R

2

1

]

GMm/R

2

B. GMm

}

1

R

2

1

+

1

R

2

]

C. GMm

R

1

− R

2

R

2

1

D. GMm

R

1

− R

2

R

1

R

2

E. GMm

R

1

− R

2

R

2

1

R

2

ans: D

53. Given the perihelion distance, aphelion distance, and speed at perihelion of a planet, which of

the following CANNOT be calculated?

A. The mass of the star

B. The mass of the planet

C. The speed of the planet at aphelion

D. The period of orbit

E. The semimajor axis of the orbit

ans: B

54. The orbit of a certain satellite has a semimajor axis of 1.5 × 10

7

m and an eccentricity of 0.20.

Its perigee (minimum distance) and apogee (maximum distance) are respectively:

A. 1.2 × 10

7

m, 1.8 × 10

7

m

B. 3.0 × 10

6

m, 1.2 × 10

7

m

C. 9.6 × 10

6

m, 1.0 × 10

7

m

D. 1.0 × 10

7

m, 1.2 × 10

7

m

E. 9.6 × 10

6

m, 1.8 × 10

7

m

ans: A

55. A planet in another solar system orbits a star with a mass of 4.0 × 10

30

kg. At one point in its

orbit it is 250× 10

6

km from the star and is moving at 35 km/s. Take the universal gravitational

constant to be 6.67 × 10

−11

m

2

/s

2

· kg and calculate the semimajor axis of the planet’s orbit.

The result is:

A. 79 × 10

6

km

B. 160 × 10

6

km

C. 290 × 10

6

km

D. 320 × 10

6

km

E. 590 × 10

6

km

ans: C

Chapter 13: GRAVITATION 205

Chapter 14: FLUIDS

1. All ﬂuids are:

A. gases

B. liquids

C. gases or liquids

D. non-metallic

E. transparent

ans: C

2. Gases may be distinguished from other forms of matter by their:

A. lack of color

B. small atomic weights

C. inability to form free surfaces

D. ability to ﬂow

E. ability to exert a buoyant force

ans: C

3. 1 Pa is:

A. 1 N/m

B. 1 m/N

C. 1 kg/m · s

D. 1 kg/m · s

2

E. 1 N/m · s

ans: D

4. Mercury is a convenient liquid to use in a barometer because:

A. it is a metal

B. it has a high boiling point

C. it expands little with temperature

D. it has a high density

E. it looks silvery

ans: D

5. To obtain the absolute pressure from the gauge pressure:

A. subtract atmospheric pressure

B. add atmospheric pressure

C. subtract 273

D. add 273

E. convert to N/m

2

ans: B

206 Chapter 14: FLUIDS

6. Barometers and open-tube manometers are two instruments that are used to measure pressure.

A. Both measure gauge pressure

B. Both measure absolute pressure

C. Barometers measure gauge pressure and manometers measure absolute pressure

D. Barometers measure absolute pressure and manometers measure gauge pressure

E. Both measure an average of the absolute and gauge pressures

ans: D

7. To measure moderately low pressures oil with a density of 8.5 × 10

2

kg/m

3

is used in place of

mercury in a barometer. A change in the height of the oil column of 1.0 mm indicates a change

in pressure of about:

A. 1.2 × 10

−7

Pa

B. 1.2 × 10

−5

Pa

C. 0.85 Pa

D. 1.2Pa

E. 8.3Pa

ans: E

8. The pressure exerted on the ground by a man is greatest when:

A. he stands with both feet ﬂat on the ground

B. he stands ﬂat on one foot

C. he stands on the toes of one foot

D. he lies down on the ground

E. all of the above yield the same pressure

ans: C

9. The vessels shown below all contain water to the same height. Rank them according to the

pressure exerted by the water on the vessel bottoms, least to greatest.

.

...................................................................................................................................................

.

1

.

...................................................................................................................................................

.

2

.

...................................................................................................................................................

.

3

.

.................................................................................................................................................

4

A. 1, 2, 3, 4

B. 3, 4, 2, 1

C. 4, 3, 2, 1

D. 2, 3, 4, 1

E. All pressures are the same

ans: E

Chapter 14: FLUIDS 207

10. In a stationary homogeneous liquid:

A. pressure is the same at all points

B. pressure depends on the direction

C. pressure is independent of any atmospheric pressure on the upper surface of the liquid

D. pressure is the same at all points at the same level

E. none of the above

ans: D

11. Which of the following ﬁve statements, concerning the upper surface pressure of a liquid, is

FALSE?

A. It is independent of the surface area

B. It is the same for all points on that surface

C. It would not increase if the liquid depth were increased

D. It would increase if the liquid density were increased

E. It would increase if the atmospheric pressure increased

ans: D

12. Several cans of diﬀerent sizes and shapes are all ﬁlled with the same liquid to the same depth.

Then:

A. the weight of the liquid is the same for all cans

B. the force of the liquid on the bottom of each can is the same

C. the least pressure is at the bottom of the can with the largest bottom area

D. the greatest pressure is at the bottom of the can with the largest bottom area

E. the pressure on the bottom of each can is the same

ans: E

13. An airtight box, having a lid of area 80 cm

2

, is partially evacuated. Atmospheric pressure is

1.01 × 10

5

Pa. A force of 600 N is required to pull the lid oﬀ the box. The pressure in the box

was:

A. 2.60 × 10

4

Pa

B. 6.35 × 10

4

Pa

C. 7.50 × 10

4

Pa

D. 1.38 × 10

5

Pa

E. 1.76 × 10

5

Pa

ans: A

14. A closed hemispherical shell of radius R is ﬁlled with ﬂuid at uniform pressure p. The net force

of the ﬂuid on the curved portion of the shell is given by:

A. 2πR

2

p

B. πR

2

p

C. 4πR

2

p

D. (4/3)πR

2

p

E. (4/3)πR

3

p

ans: B

208 Chapter 14: FLUIDS

15. The diagram shows a U-tube with cross-sectional area A and partially ﬁlled with oil of density

ρ. A solid cylinder, which ﬁts the tube tightly but can slide without friction, is placed in the

right arm. The system is in equilibrium. The weight of the cylinder is:

↑

|

L

|

↓

↑

|

h

|

↓

cylinder

oil

...

............

...........

............

...........

............

A. ALρg

B. L

3

ρg

C. Aρ(L + h)g

D. Aρ(L − h)g

E. none of these

ans: A

16. The density of water is 1.0g/cm

3

. The density of the oil in the left column of the U-tube shown

below is:

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

.....

...

......

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

...

.......

...

.......

....

...

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

............................................

↑

|

10 cm

|

↓

2cm

↑

↓

water

oil

....

........

.......

......

....

.

....

........

.......

......

....

.

....

----

A. 0.20 g/cm

3

B. 0.80 g/cm

3

C. 1.0g/cm

3

D. 1.3g/cm

3

E. 5.0g/cm

3

ans: B

Chapter 14: FLUIDS 209

17. A uniform U-tube is partially ﬁlled with water. Oil, of density 0.75 g/cm

3

, is poured into the

right arm until the water level in the left arm rises 3 cm. The length of the oil column is then:

A. 2.25 cm

B. 8 cm

C. 6 cm

D. 4 cm

E. need to know the cross-sectional area of the U-tube

ans: B

18. A long U-tube contains mercury (density = 14 × 10

3

kg/m

3

). When 10 cm of water (density

=1.0 × 10

3

kg/m

3

) is poured into the left arm, the mercury in the right arm rises above its

original level by:

A. 0.36 cm

B. 0.72 cm

C. 14 cm

D. 35 cm

E. 70 cm

ans: A

19. A bucket of water is pushed from left to right with increasing speed across a horizontal surface.

Consider the pressure at two points at the same level in the water.

A. It is the same

B. It is higher at the point on the left

C. It is higher at the point on the right

D. At ﬁrst it is higher at the point on the left but as the bucket speeds up it is lower there

E. At ﬁrst it is higher at the point on the right but as the bucket speeds up it is lower there

ans: B

20. A bucket resting on the ﬂoor of an elevator contains an incompressible ﬂuid of density ρ. When

the elevator has an upward acceleration of magnitude a the pressure diﬀerence between two

points in a ﬂuid separated by a vertical distance ∆h, is given by:

A. ρa∆h

B. ρg∆h

C. ρ(g + a)∆h

D. ρ(g − a)∆h

E. ρga∆h

ans: C

21. A bucket resting on the ﬂoor of an elevator contains an incompressible ﬂuid of density ρ. When

the elevator has a downward acceleration of magnitude a the pressure diﬀerence between two

points in a ﬂuid, separated by a vertical distance ∆h , is given by:

A. ρa∆h

B. ρg∆h

C. ρ(g + a)∆h

D. ρ(g − a)∆h

E. ρga∆h

ans: D

210 Chapter 14: FLUIDS

Halliday D., Resnick R., Walker J. Fundamentals of physics. Test Bank

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.