Готлиб Я.Л., Донченко Р.В., Пехович А.И., Соколов И.Н. Лед в водохранилищах и нижных бьефах ГЭС
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
IIprr LurlIJIe
lI
orcyrcrBlllr
3aMerrrbrx
le.rcrurii
u
lloAoxparlrJlyllax
nepeoxJrax(AeHIIe
Ha6.urc,u,aercfl
B ToHKoM
noBepxuocTl.roM
cJroe
II
Ao-
crHraer HecKoJIbKHX
corblx
rpaAyca
HHIKe
HyJrfl.
B srou
cJroe
npogcxo-
AHr
o6pa3oBaHHe
nepBl{qHrti
ninoo6pa3nbrx
KpHcraJrJroB
1ca"'rby,
"p"
cMep3aHI{H
Koropblx
o6pasyercfl
cnJlorrrHafl
KopKa
JrbAa (;rc4nHofi
tio-
xpon).
.3auepeaHue
BoAoxpaHHJrr{qa
pacrpocrpaHfler.o
o"
6epera (ru-
6epern)_I?
gcro
BoAHyto
noBepxHocrb
(neaocrie).
Ha
Kyfi6urueBcKotvl,
Kaxoscxovr
u'I-l,nunflHcKoM
BoAoxpaHr.rJrr{u{ax
roJrrrrHHa ycrofiqHeori
KopKH
JrbAa_
rrpH
s_HarreHHH
r<oe$QHqHeHra
ryp-
6yneurHoro
nepeMerxHBaHHfl
<0,5-
crvPfc
He
rrpeBbrrraer
1,0
;M.
flocne o6pason
a:g.ufl
KopKH
JrrAa
4a.ntueliuree
HapacraHHe
roJrrqHHbr
JIeAflHoro
noKpoBa
onpeAeJrflercfl
TenJroBbrM
6anaucou
ero utr>rilreir
noBepxHocTH,
HaflHqHeM
cHelra
Ha ,rlbAy
vr
SueuuecKHMH
ceoricrea146
BOAbI H JIbAa.
tlpn cHJIbHoM
Berpe
H BoJrneHurr
B BoAoxparruJrnu{ax
r.rNrccr
ivrcc,fo
HHTeHCHBHOe
nepeMerxHBaHHe
MaCC
BO,U,br,
B
p$yJrbrare
KoToporo
npo-
HcxoAHT
ten"noo6Mett
no
rny6ttue
BoAocMa
lr
Bo3Htrxaror
Mexarrr.rrrccr(He
noMexH,
npenrrcrByloque
cMepsaHHro
KpHcraJrJroB
JrbAa.
IIpu.reu
B MeJIKoBoArIbIx
BoAoxpaHrrJrHrrlax
nepeMeuHBaHHe
cnoco6crByer
nepe-
oxJlax(AeHuro
sceft
Maccbr
BoAbr
ua 0,02-0,03
oC
(ra6n.
5.1), nooroMy
Ta6nu4a
5.1
Tervrneparypa
BoAbr
B nepnoA
BaMep3aHnfl,
oC
Fny6uua,
lr
Pu6H rrcxoe
BoAoxparruJrHlue
24lIX-50
l0/xr-51
L4IXI-52
2t
lxr-53
23lXI-54
r9/xr-55
25lXI-57
-0,02
-0,01
-0,02
0,00
-0,01
0,02
-0,02
-0,05
-0,02
-0,04
-0,04
-0,01
-0,02
0,00
-0,02
0,00
-0,02
-0,05
-0,02
-0,04
-0,02
-0,01
-0,02
0,01
-0,01
-0,02
-0,01
-0,03
0,02
0,00
-0,03
-0,05
-0,02
-0,02
-0,03
0,02
-0,03
-0,04
Kperuenuyrcxoe
BoAoxpaHunuue
24lXII-67
25lXII-67
6/
I-69
9lrI-7t
Kaxoscxoe
goAoxpanHllnue
-0,04
1-0,04 1-0,04
o6pasoraHrre
Jrb4a
npoucxoAr{T
He
roJrbKo y
noBepxHocrtr,
Ho
Lr
Ha
pasflHt{Hux
r.ny6HHax
H Ha
AHe.
B
r.ny6oxoBoAHbrx
noAoxpa}r}r/rHulax
nepeoxJlax{AeIIHe
}IMeeT
MecTo
B CJrOe ilepeN{euHBaLrLtfl
BOAbr,
Onpc/{e-
JIReMOM
SJIeMeHTaMH
BOJIH rt
CTeneHbro
npoTorrlrocTlr
RoAoxpalrrrJrrrrua.
62
B
3'l'l'tx ycJloul'trtx
tta6;ttoAac'r'crr
cl6pasouaHHe
_r(pHcrarJrorJ
BHyTpHBoA-
Iroro
JrbAa
B BHAe
.r(pyr-Jrb-rx
JrHH3,
qeqeBHueo6paeuofi,
nJracrHH,raroft
u
uapoo6pasHoii
Soprur.
BuyrpHeoAHHr?
JreA
BcrrJrbrBaer
Ha
fioBepx-
IIOCTI)
KOMl,flMH
Vt
O6PASYCT
IIJY|OBbIC
CI(OIJICHT{f.
'rlel
II
tu.\rt'a
npt{
IIaJIIIrtttt.t
Teqerlrrrr
}rJrlr
DoJrrtcr*rrr
nepcHocflTcfl
tlo
aKBaropI'IH
(.re,qoxoA'
IIIyroxoA
.nn6o
apefi$
JrbAa
^i^
uiyrn),
"r*un-
iii.iBaioTcri,
yrrfl
orHflroTcfl
H cMepSaroTcfl.
,
Hecuorprr
Ha
pasJrrqrre
ycnonuft,
Mecr
o6pasonaHrrfl
rr
BHAOB
JrbAa
(noaepxuocrHoro'
BHyrpHBo.iuoro)
rp_ouecc
.rr'eaooopu.ouu""a
u
uo49l
xpaHnJrur{ax,
pacroJrox(eHHbrx
n
pafioHax
c
xoJroAHbrM
r{ yMepeHHbIM
r(JrHMaror\{,
saBepuaeTcrr
SopullpoBaHneM
JreAffHofo
noKpoBa.
I4tat<,
ocHoBHbrMH
xapartepHcrrrr(aMH,
_
otrpeAeJrfiror.rIHMH
npoqecc
saMeD3aHHfl
t
flBJIsIoTcfl
Ten,qoo6uteu
n l5rpSy,iesrroe
nepeMerugBaHge.
B
cBolo
oqepeAb
o,r4
o[peAeJlflIoTcfl
Mereopofior'r{ec
Krt^ri
xapaKTe-
pHcrHKaN{ll
tr I'HApoJIorHtlccKHMH
H
uopcporwerpaqecKHMH
oco6eHHo-
'
crfl
MH
BOAOXpaHH/rHrrIa.
Co'leratlHe
yc"uounr?
tennoo6MeHa
u ryp6y.ner{THono
rrepeMeru
HBa-
'
HHn
onpeAeJlfler
xapaKTep,
cpoKH
H
r[poAorxHTeJrbHocrb
upoq,ecca
sirvrlprHrrn.
Y:snily"
ycrroBHn
H
xapar{rep
3aMepsaHHn
p€K,
B'
A'
Puurua
[87,
90i
nPeAnoxHJI
reoper'rrecKoe
onHcaHHe
npouecca
SaMepSat{Hfi'
ocr{oBaHHoe
I{a
ycraHoBae}rHH
cBflaH
MexAy
ren.[oo6me-
HoM'
ryp6yaeHrHblM
nepeMeIuLIBaHHeM
rr
HnreHcassocruio
nuaooOp-a-
BoBaHHfl
no
r.ny6nue:
D
12-
crrl?
-
z)l4Ml
sn(nl4M)
s
4m
(5.3)
(5.4)
Ec'nn yqecrb,
rITo
B
BoAoxpaHHJIHure
ne'peMeu'Balr'e
BoAHbIx
Macc
Il'
sHaqltrenrHoti
otePg
orlpeAeJItIeTcfl
xapaKTepr{crHKaMn
BoJrHeHHfl,
H
xoeQ$Huuer{r
ryp6ynelrTo4__tennonpoBoArrocr.q
BHpa3grb
rrepe3
Bbrcory
BoJrHbr
H
nepHoA
[43,
g7],
ro ypaBHeHrre
(5.3)
Mo)KHo
san]?,-
caTb
B CJreAyrou{eM
BHAe:
I(a_x
crcAycr
u3
ypaB.r{eHr{ff
(b.4),
pacnpeAe/reHne
HHreHcHBHocrH
'nc4oo6pa3oBaI{HtI
IIo
r.ny6ulte
HaxoAuTcrr
B
gaBr{cnMocrH
or
n/IoTHocrH
Ten/loBoro
IloToKa
v BbIcoTbI
BoJIHbr.
flpra
rlegr{aqnTeJrbHoM
BoJrHeHr{H
npouecc
.neaoo6pa3oBaHHq
JIoKaJIH3yercfl
R noBepxHocrgoM
cJroe
-
o6pasyercn
nonepxnocrsr,lrt
JreA.
C
yne"rulqeHneM
BbrcoTbr
BoJrHbr
vrr-
TeHcIIBHocrb
neloo6pasoBaHHs
Ha noBepxHocrr{
BoAbr
yMeubruaercfl
3a
cqer
BIIyI'pIIBoAHoFo
Jlc/Ioo6paeonaltun
B c.ryoe
axtrrniloro
nepeMe-
tuIIBarrr'r
(pyg,,
l_l)_
X,nn
yc.rrilnufi
no'epxHocrH
BoAoeMa
12.*O;
ypaBHeHtre
(5.4)
Mo>KHo
3arrucarb
B BHAe
!4(/r-
z)l(hnn,{m)l
snUtl(n",,,4ffiJ1
qUr!(n,,,"{m)l
snlul(n,n,,{m)l
.
(5.5)
crlyqanx,
KorAa
H
l(hunn{ffi
>
z
cht
Hlh"n,r/
ffin*1.
p,):
sf(h,,niW,;.
(b.6)
A?
B
rex
7
.t6
+8
n
32
't6
Puc. 5.1. 3asHcHruocrb
AJIureJrb-
HOCTLT nepr,roAa
3aMepSaIIHs oT
HHTeHCHBHOCTH
JreAOO6paSOnailltl
B noBepxHocTHoru
cJroe.
I(ar<
Ilot(a3elJlu
MalcpItaJIIrt
nccJrcAoBarrlrl'r
rra
l(axoncrcou,
I(yfi6u-
ueBcKoM
rr
lJ,uunsrrcr(oM
BoAoxpaHHJrHulax, nptr Po)200
Br/rvr3
Ha-
6nrcAaercs o6paeonaHHe
{uaa
npeuMyu{ecrrJeHHo
B noBepxHocruoM
cJloq a npH
Po(50
Bt/nr3-BHyrpI{BoAIIoro
JIb,[a
no sceri
r"rry6nue.
Anq
BoAoxparrHJrHul,
TaK )Ke
KaK H
AJrfi
per(,
3HaqeHrteM
Po
s
us.
nccruopi
Mepe
onpeAeJlrreTcrr
H
AJIHTeJTbI-rocTb
npoqecca
3aMep3aHHfl,
rr'fnrafJnLI1\r rrnrrnnnLrct(t rt(tt,lo nn D nar.la rro^6wr\ [rrf,rn ^TLrn rr4 rr^f, f,^rrrtd f,n
rrvvrlvurur\J
.lvvr'r
vALttatI vvJ vdrvuulvrrq rrvvv^vAlllvlvv
r
pIv
ftq
A\JllrrltI-lrI
n .lIs-
AfllIOnO
MaTCpr{aJla
B
r(oJIl.rqecTBe,
AocTaToqHoM
AJrfl
cMep3aHHfl
npH
On-
peAeJrenllbrx
yc/loBuflx
ryp6yneHrHoro nepeMeurrBaHlrfl
(crr,t.
pHc.
5.1).
KonuqecrBellHble
xapaKTepHcrHKH HHTeHcr{BHocrLr
neloo6paaoBa-
rrHfl
Iro
rry6urtc,
noryqeHHbre
pacqeTHbrM
nyTeM, xopotxo
conJracy-
roTcfl
c
AalIHbrMH
cfleuHaJIbI{brx
sr(cneAH(rror{Hbrx
Ha6"urcAeHHfi
[48].
Xaparlep
pacrpcAeJIerIufl
LIHrerlcI{Brrocrn
JreAoodpa3oBarrHrr
no ruy-
6uttc
Kaxono(oro
H
fir.renponcKoro
BoAoxpaHr.rJruul
B snMbr
1960-61,
1967-08,
1968-69 rr. u/rnlocrpHpyercrr rpaSHrtoNI
prrc.
5.2.
PacnpeAeJre-
uuc
uurcncr.rBllocrrl
JrcAoooparon an4fl
no ray6urre 3aBHcrrT
oT Bbrcorbl
BoJIITbI
H rrJrorrrocrn
TenJroBoro rroToKa.
A.rrs
ycnonlui
Kaxogcxoro
Bo-
AoxpaHuJrllu{a
orHoueHae
r.ny6nuu
HHTeHcHBHoro
ne.qoo6pagoBaHnff
K
BbIcoTe
BoJIHbr cocraBJrfleT
0,1
l,
krrltr uy6uita HHTeHcHBHoro
JIeAo-
o6pasonatv.fl
Hr:9hrnr.
C,[eAoeareJlbHo, Ha
yrlacrKax
rny6nHofi
l0-12
w npH Bbrcore BoJrHnr
6o.uee
I u
.neAoo6pasonaHue npoucxoAnr
no
scerl rry6lure.
flpu MaKcHMaJrbr{brx 3}raqerr}rrrx BF,rcorbl
eoluu P,
y
Aua
cocraBJrtcr
l/sPo.
llpuvrepno
raKoe )Ke
pac[peAeJleHne
Hr{reHcLrBHocrH
ne,u,oo6pa3o-
BaFIHII
(uryroo6paeonauun)
no
rny6uHe
Hr\reer r\{ecro
Ha lJ,nnr.naHcr(oM
H
KpeueuuyrcKoM
BoAoxpaH?IJrr{rqax.
Bc.neAcrnue
mopSo"rroruq(,cKnx
oco6eutlocrefi
.Il,rrenponcKoro
BoAoxpaHHJrHrqa
pacnpeAeJreuae
HHTeH-
CHBIIOCTH
.Ue4OO6pa3OBaHHfl rro
r.ny6HUe 6Onee
paBHOMepHoe
H
OTHo-
IIICHIIC
I{OJIHqCCTBA
JIbAA
B
IIOBCPXHOCTHOM H
rIPII,U,OHHOM CJIOflX
COCTAB.
rltler
l:2
I42,48f.
LIureHcHBHoe
ruyroo6pa3oBaHHe
B 3HMy
lg68-ti9
r.
ua
ArrenpoBcKoM
BoAoxpaHuJruule
ua6nnAa;rocb
no eceft rny6nue
rr
Ha
AHe.
VIe-sa
o6uepsaHHa
peureToK
BoAorrplieMlrari..',8 B
gToT
nepnoA
fiuenpoacr(an
f3C
nv.
,IIeHHHa
MorJra Ha6psTrr
ToJrbKo noJroBHHy
Ho-
MHHaJrbHoft
naou{Hocru
[],
100].
Ha
soAoxpaHuJrnrrlax BHyrpHBoAHufi
.uea o6pasyercr B
BHAe
nJrac-
Tr.rrroK HerrpaBrrJIr,Horl n oxpyr,uort
Qopttrbr
Aprat\rcrpoM
0,5--1,0
Cu,
ToJr-
ulrutorli
Ao
I narnr.
I(prrcra.ruru npno6peraror
narr6o.nee coBepureHHyro
Qoprury,
o6naAaroqyro
HatrMeHburefi noBepxHocruofi
eueprnefi,
H Ha-
xoAflTcfl
Bo
BSBeUTeHHOM COCTOflHHTT
AO
TeX
nop,
[OKa HX
rHApaBfiHqe-
crafl
r{pynHocrb
MeHbrrle BeprHKa.nrHof,r
cocraBJrrrrouleft
nyJrbcauuou-
nofi
cxopocru.
B
BoAoxpaItHJrHUIe,
TaK )r(e
Kar( H Ha
peKe,
c
noBblrrre-
.nrreM
r.rr'rreucrIBI-rocrlr ,ne,too6pa3oB arwfl
yBerr.rqHBaercrr
rHApaBJIltqe-
cKaf KpynlrocTb
3a ctleT
pocTa
H KoaryJrflr{rilr KprrcTaJrJroB
Jrrr!.fl.
llo vrepe
HaKorIJIeHHn
JIbAa Ha
soArrori noBepxHocrn
$opvrnpyrorcfl
r(oMbfl
ulyflr,
Berrr([I
H
KoBpbr
pa3flHr{Hbrx pa3MepoB
u
$opuur,
B 3aBH-
cHMocrH
or eJreMeHToB
BoJrHeHHrr. flo
AauHuu
ua6nrcAesnfi
ua
Kaxon-
cI(oM BoAoxpalrHJrru{e
rroflBJreHHe ruyrH Ha soAHofi noBepxHocrn
[poucxoAur
qepes
3-4
q
c MoMeHTa rraqaJra
BHyrpHBoAHoro JreAoo6pa-
3oRaultrr
[43,
441.
I(ovrns
$opuupyrorcfl
B orAeJrb]rbre
BeHKH
AHaMerpoM
5
3axaa
N.r
107
2+
t)n
2+
Po:tos
bctc/k*{,t)
4
+
ro'ns
Affi/(cn4c)
PIdc.
5.2. HeMeueHHe nHTet{cHBHocrI{ re4oo6pasona-
Hufl
no
rry6une.
e, 6, o-oseponuAxufr
yqacrot(
I(axorcxoro
BoAoxparrrt-
nuula
coorBercrBeHHo B 3HMbr
1960-01, 1967-68 n 1968-69
rr.;
e
-
lrpulrJloruHuufi
yqacroK
.[I,Henponcxoro
BoAoxpattuJrtlu{a
B srduy 1968-69
r.
,l
-
ltpH epeAHefi
remueparype BosAyxa
n
cKopocrx Berpa,
2
-
npu
MrnrrrMaJrbHoft
reuueparype
Bo3-
ryxa
u
Maxcrruerbnofi
cxopoerH
rerpa.
t6
12
46
t6
/t0
65
or
3
Ao
10
M H
rIoA
Bo3AeftcrBHeM
Berpa
H reqeHr.{r:r
nepeMe-
ulalorcfl
no aKBaropllH.
Illyroaue
o6pasoBaHnfl
npuo6peraror
ycrofliuu-
Bocrb
Ha
BoAHot?
nosepxHocrn
H
He
paspyr.uarorcfl
noA
BosAeltcterreNt
agporrrApoAHHaMuqecxofi
Harpy3Kr{
npH
AocraToquor.l
nJrorrrocrr.r
rr
npoqHocrH
JreAflHbrx
o6paeona:fl-uir
(y">0,6
r/crur3;
o-)0,4
xr/cvrz)
.
C
yBerHr{eHHeM
cTeneHH
llor(pbrrnfl
eoAuort
'noBepxHocTg
JrbAoM
fI /\n frn rrntrrrAAFtt
rL
\-r'r.,rlrYEfinvLrn
uryruI'blx
beHKOB
B
HaIIpaBJIeHIILI
npeooJlaAaIOUIerO
Berpa
flpoucxoAnT
raueHge
gHeprHH
BoJrHeHHfl
H cosAarorcfl
6o.uee
6naronpunTHbre
ycJroBprfl
a"rrr
SoiMr-rpoBaHufl
r(pynrrbrx
rxyroBbrx
cr(on-
.ueuufi
-
I(oBpoB.
Pasuepu
KoBpoB
orrpeAeJrflroTcfl
B 3aBacr.rMocrg
oT
AnHHbI
BoJIHbI,
[pHrreM
Hau6o.nn[rue
H3
HHX
AocrHraloT
noJryBoJrHbr,
TaK
KaK_B
npeAeJlax
BoJIHbI
yrracroK
HMeeT
ABa
xapaKTepHbrx
neperH6a.
OopuupoBaHue
Jre,q,flHoro
noKpoBa
Ha
BoAoxpaHHJrHrrIe
flpoucxo-
AplTnyTeM
cx{aTrf,
H
CMep3aHHn
ruyroBbrx
KoBpoB.
JIeAsnori
noKpoB
o6pasyerca,
ecJru
[oreHr{HalrbHafl
conporHBJrfl-
el\IocTb
KOBpoB
npeBblluaeT
agpoAHHaMHqecKyIo
HarpysKy,
T.
e.
hn6
7
o.rl(/21.
C
yuetoM
gaBHcHMocTH
,(JrHHbr
noJrfl
or
AJrHHbr
BoJrHbr
l:O,lLrnn,
a raK>Ke
AJrHHbr
BoJrHbr.or
cKopocrn
Berpa
[8b]
l"nn: 0'3xo'5fz
HepaBeHcrBo
(5.7)
Mox(Ho
npeAcraBnrb
B BHAe
hno
)
0, I 5c.Xo'ulvt
.
Ecnn
roJrrr{HHy
Jrrra
Bbrpa3uTb
qepes
renJronorepn
c
soAHoft
no-
BepxHocrn
[45],
to
Mo]KHo
onpeAeJrHrb
npoAoJrxHreJrbHocrb
repuoAa
3aMep3aHtrfl;
(5.7)
(5.8)
(5.e)
(5.
r0)
e _
0,
lSc1ly
Xo's
v(3
o
K.p
S.p
(5.1
l)
II.']
II
n:
A,,IV
t/S"p.
(5.
12)
I(oeQQlrqtIeFIr
Au
B
3aBrrcrrMocrrr
or
AJr?rHbr
pa3rorra
Berpa uaA
ceo6oAuoI?
eoAHotl
rtoBepxHocrbro
11ptIHHMaer
cJreAyiou{Lrc srrarrclr.rq:
Xru.
5
A8
. 0,57
Ha
pttc.
5.3
npnrlcAelJa
3aBlrcuNrocrr; cyr\rNIbr rcrrJronorcpr,, rrco6xo-
.lilrrbrx
A,;rn
o6pasona:H:l1,tt
/'IeArr-toro noKpoBa, or cr{opocTH Berpa ilaI
so,qHoli
noBepxHocrbro
B nepiroA 3aMep3 aHHr.. Teoperuqecr(afl r(pr.rBarr
cornacyercq
c
AaHHbTMH
Ha6lloAesuft Ha
BoAoxpaHuJrrruax. flo
pac-
cqIITaHHbIrU
CpOKaN{
nOsBJreHHfl
JrbAa W npOAOJr)KHTe.rrbr{OCT[r
3aMep3L-r-
IllIfl
orrpeAcJrfl
loTcrr
cpoKtr
ycTarroBJrerrrrf
"rrcAocraBa.
66
io
20
0,85
1,20
Aeranbrrbrc
rrcc/reAouauHrr KoJrHqecTBeHHbrx
xapaKTepHcTHK
npo-
.uecca
3ar\{ep3aHr{rr-TenJr0IloTepb, l]oJlHeHufi, nepeMeuHBaHHfl
Macc
BoAbr,
HHTer{cHBHocrH
I,I xapaKTepa ne4oo6pa3oBaHsfl
[r
coorHolueHilfi
MC)r{Ay
rrr.rMH no3BoJrr{JrH
ycTa}IoBHTb
ocHoBHbre 3aKoHoMepHocTH
npo-
ucccoB
"rre4oo6pa:roBaHHr{
H
$opvrupoBaIIHrr
reAqHoro
rroKpoBa
B
Bo-
Aoxpalrr{rrruax
[38,
40].
Ha
ocHoBaHHH TeoperHqecKnx
coB SaMep3aHr.rrr
BbIAeJIeHbI oc-
rroBrrble
TrrtIbr
SaMep3aI{}Ifl Bo-
AOXpaHHJTHUI
H
yCTaHOBJIeHbT HX
r(oJrprqecTBeHHbIe
xapaKTepI4-
crHKH
(ra6.n.
5.2).
H
rrarypHbrx
r{ccaeronaunfr
npouec-
zs
xamfu2
flepnurl
rrrn
saMepgaHufl I
(6ucrpuri)
xapaKrepH3yercn
6onrurofi
uHreucr.rBHocrbro
JIe-
^
4oo6p
asoualtfl
B
rroBepxHocr-
d
IroM
crroe
(Po)200
Br/rrl3),
H8-
rr6o.lrrrtulrc
oe 3uaqcnr.rr Moryr
I
rrpctlbil.ufl'l'1,
nprrBeAe[rrylo
UHQ-
py
B
Aecflrr(H
pa3
npu 6onrurux
TenJronoTepflx
H MaJroM nepeMe-
rxHB
aHHH.
3auepsaHHe
[poAoJI-
Maercr
Bceno
l-3
cyr
rrpu He-
a
3HaqHTenrHofi
Ha.raflrHofi ToJI-
v
xrrrHe
rrbAa
(l-2
cvr)
H
conpo-
Bo)r(Aaercn
o6pa3oBaHHcM caJla,
sa6eperon,
lrHorAa
'
c,na6uvt
ApefiSorr,I
rlbAa.
ot
o2
oJ
++
of
I6
A7
8
le
Prrc.
5.3. 3aur.rorNrocrt cyiltr\rbr
rerrJro-
noTepb
3a nepHoA
3aMepSaHHs
oT
cKo-
pocTrr
BeTpa.
/
--
IIv6occil
l)cr(oe
no/t()xl,nrnrJrrrrrt,c. 2
--
I(1lc-
rucnqyrcKoe,
3-Kaxoscxoe,
4-Kaprcroe,
5
-
Iipa'rcxoe, li
--
I{rru.nurrcxoc,
7
-
,/,1rrcn-
l)()rlcrioc,
.9
--
I(yii6Hillcrrcr(()c, 9
-
IIOtroctr-
6rrpct<tic,
oA
9
f
"
I
t5 w
w/c
Ans
Broporo rurra 3aMepsaHns
(samel"rreHHoro)
[peAeJrbr
H3MeHe-
IIrrfl Ps BrraqLlreJrbno
MeHbrrre
(100-200
Br/u3).
B nepHoA
saMepBa-
Irlrfl
B BoAoxparrHJrHuIe rra6,nnAaercfl
o6pason
aHve
sa6eperoB,
JreAoxoA
(nu6o
npcr'r(l
,nr4a), HarraJrbHarr roJruIHHa JreArHoro
noKpoBa
l0-
I,rr
cl,r.
l[,rlHTC./nruoc'r'r>
ilporlecca
3aMepgaHHfl 5-10 cyr.
{,nr
rpcl'rrcr'o
T'rrna 3aMep3arrr{rr
(Alrrre"nrnoro)
npeAeJrbr
H3MeHe-
IIIirr
P0 ertte 6o.rrcc cyl(urbr
(<100
Br/u3).
3aMepsar]He corpoBo)K-
Aacrcfl
o6pasonarrneM ruyrlr,
nepeMeilrenneM ee
tro
aKBaropHH (ruyro-
xoA)
r.r
3arcM
rllopv r.rpoBaHLreM
JreAflHoro
noKpoBa
npH
cMep3aHHH
rri)rrr.r.
.Il,nr.rrc.lrbrrocrb
rrpoqecca
3ar\,rep3aHurr
6onee
l0
cyr. To"urquua
rt)/lflrroro
nor(poBa B
MoMeHT
ycTalroBJreHHfl
JIe,4ocTaBa npeBbluaeT
l-t'F 67
3aMep3aHHrr
Ta6au4a
5.2
THnu
gaMep3aHHfl
BoAoxpaHHJtHur
B
saBncHMocrn
oT
re4oo6pa3oBaHns
Pe
u
ripo4oJr)r(HTeflbHocTH
nepxoAa
HHTEITCHI]IIOCTH
saMep3aHHfl
T
a)
O6pasonaHne
sa6eperon,
fl€.
AffHoro
noKpoBa
c rra,{arsHorl
roJrulHHoft
ao I cvr
6)
O6paaoBarrue
sa6eperon,
c3-
n_a,
c.ua6tui
Apefi0,
pocr
3a-
6eperoa
Ao
Hx
cMbrKaHufl,
JICAOCTAB;
HAqAJIbHAA
TOJIU-(H-
rra
JrbAa
lo
2
cpr
O6pasonaur.re
sa6eperon,
JreAo-
xoA,
ttu6o
aperiQ
JrbAa,
neAo-
cTaB;
HaqaJrbHaf
TOJTUIHHa
nbAa
ao
15
cu
a)
O6pasoBaHue
sa6eperoe,
uy-
roxoA,
.nn6o
apelie
urynn,
n-e.
AOCTaB;
Haqarbt{aq
ToJruIHHa
JrbAa
cBbrrue
15
cu
6)
O6pasonaHr.re
sa6epefoB,
AJrH-
te.nuusrft
uyroxoA,
KparKo-
BpeMeHHbrri
leAocraB;
Ha-
r{aJIbHafi
ToJruIHHa
JIb/Ia
cBbr_
rue
20
clr
200-100
<
100
<50
t-2
3
5-10
t0-t5
20
20
cM.
Bc.neAcrBne
IIHTeHcHBJIoTo
o6pason
aHHr
ruyr?r
HepeAr{o
Bo3HH-
Karor
ocJrolKHeHr4fl,
B pa6ore
r3c.
Kax noKa3blBaror
MarepHaJIbI
HccJreAoBaHHir
Ha
BoAoxpaHr-rJrr{u{ax,
He3aBHcHMo
or
Hx
reorpaQHl{ecKoro
noJlox(eHHfl.
HalJrroAatgrcfl
Bce
rpq
ocHoBHbIX
THfiA
rlpoueccoB
3aNIep3aHHfl.,
npHqeM
HaJIHqHe
rofo
krIILl
Apyrofo
THrIa
3aMep3aHllfl
onpeAe/rqercfl
cor{eraFrrreM
ycJroBHfi
Ten,[o-
o6ueHa
H
[epeMeuHBaHHs
Macc
BoAbr
B nepnoA
3aMep3a]rufl.
B
re.reHr.re
rrepHoAa
3aMep3aHHfl
XapaKTep
npoqecca
JreAoo6pasoe
aHHfl
H3MeHfl_
ercfl
no,[
BJIHffHHOM
pesKHx
xone6aunft
MerecpoJroruqecr(Hx
yc/roBrrrt.
5.2. SarcoflorwepflocTtt
salrtepsauun
arcBdropuu
sodoxpaHu/t.rr.4
B
3aBIIcIIt\IocTII
or
3anacoB
TenJra
BoAr{brx
ruacc
r( NloNrerrry
rrcpe-
xoAa rer\.rrreparypbr
Bo3Ayxa
qcpc3
I,ryJtb,
yc.ilourrii
.r.cuJrob6rvrcrra
LI TJIaBHbIM
o6pa3oM
flepeMeuIHBaHHfl
Macc
BoAbI
orrpcr,lcrrrrorcfl
cl)or(r.I,
flpoAoJI>l(l{reJlbHocrb,
a
TaKX(e
nocreAoBareJrbrrocrt;3aMcl)3atrrifl
l)a3-
Jrr.rqHbrx
yqacTKoB
aKBaTOpHtr
BOAOXpaHHJTHU{a.
Ox.rra)r(ACrruc
uoAbr
u
Bo/toxpanlrJrrrulc
rrpr.r
o,r.pnrt,;r.r.c,/rr,rrrlii
.r,cMuL,-
Ilarype
Bo3Ayxa
rlpoHcxoAl'lr
B ycJIOIlHrx'oceHHefi
roMolcpMt.rr{.
I(ruro-
l\IelITy
[epexoAa
rcMneparypbr
Bo3Ayxa
qepes
[ry/rb
rtc'ilio
Bbrpa)r(crra
TCp
IUIIqCc
I(a
fl IICOAI
IOpOAIIOC:Tb
rro :-l
r(rla rop
tr
rr rloAol:l)
il il r t,i
I U il{a
,
r(o,r.0-
68
patr
fluJtflc1'cfl
c:Jlc/(c]'tllleM
pa3Jl!ltlillrtx:JillrzrcolJ'l'cllJla
lr3-3a
6()nrruoft
r{3Mc[qrrBocrH
MopQoJrorHqecKHX
xapaKTepHcTHI(, a raKx(e
rHApaBJrH-
qecr(Hx
oco6eHFlocreft
orAeJrbHblx
yqacrKoB.
KpoN,re
roFo,
HHTeHCHB-
r{ocrb renJtoo6MeHa
rro aKBaropHH BoAoxpaHHJIHIIra
6o.rrruefi
qacrbrc)
pa3rHqHa
BcJreAcrBHe
KOJre6aHHfl
MeTeOpOflOnHqeCKHX
yCJIOBHft.',
B
OT-
AeJrbHbIe
foAbl cpeAHHe no
aKBaTopHH
BOAOXIaHHJIHIq T9IUIOIOTepH
pa3/rr-rqaro'r'crr
B
2-3
pa3a
n 6oluure.
TaK, HanpHMep, IIa
Kyft6uruen-
cr(oM
BoI{oxpar{HJrHuIe
(1972
r.) cpeAHHe
renJlonorepH
3a
nepHoA 3a-
r\{ep3aH}rrr
B
npHnJrorr.rrrHorl
qacrH
BoAoxpar{HJlHula
(300
Br/u2)
6u.ll}t
noLtrH
B
2
paga
6oltrue,
rIeM
B 3ol{e
BbIKJII{HHBaHHff noA[opa
(168
Br/lr2) . 3lraqnreJrbr{o
66.nuutne
pa3JIltqt{fl
I{Met'or Mecro
Ha
Epar-
cr{oM
rr
Kpacnonpcr(oM
BoAoxpaHHJIHuIax.
B
xaqecrBe npHMepa Mox(Ho
nnrrapnr.rr rrerrr{F,rl- no RnnrcKnMV RofloxnaI{I{.[TIIIIV- cofJIAct{o KoronF'lM
r.Hrryvvrr^
Aqrr.rv.v
----------J
r
r----
B
oceHHrrii
nepnoA
1976 r.
cpeAHHe
rerJlonorepH
no aKBaropHH
LI3Me-
HflJrrdcb
or 20
Ao
350
Br/ru2.
flpnnrepHo
raKLIe )Ke
KoJIe6aHIIff HMeIor
Mecro
Ha
aKBaropull
IoIKHuIX
BoAoxpaHnfiI{q.
Tar, Ha
[y6occapcKoM
DoAoxpaHrrrrnrque
(1963
r.)
B
r.
Kaltenxa
cpeAHHe rerJlonorepu
24
Br-f
v-z, a
B
rr.
.I[,y6occapbr
-
300
Br/rra2;
ua
IJ,uu"nnltcK_oM BoAoxpa-
HHJTHT{e
(
1964
r.) B
n.
Ka.naq
-
40 Br/rur2,
a
B
Ilnu.nsscKe
-
190
Br/rvr2.
tr lHreHcprBHocrb
rreperueuIHBaHHt{
I\{acc
BoAbt
Ha orAeJIb-
rrbrx
yqac'r'Kax aKBaropHH
yBennql{Baerctl
R
2-3
pa3a
H 6onee.
3to
B CBOrO
OqepeAb onpeAeJrfleT
nocJIeAoBaTeJIbHOCTb
npoqeccoB
oxJlax-
AeHl,tfl
BoAI{btx
Macc
H
3aMep3aHHtl
aKBaropllH
Bo,U,oxpa}IHJII{Iu.
K
Mo-
.yxa
qepe3
HyJIb
pa3rHr{He
B
TeMne-
rrrllcKoro
H Honocpt6l4pcKoro
BoAo-
JrrorpaAcKOfO
U
Kyft6stlueBcKofo
-
rcKoro
-
4-8'C.
flo
AaHHbIM
cne'
{HCr(OM
BOAOXpaHHJIHUIe
B
OCeHHHfi
nepuor,
1960
r.
pasrrurra B reMneparype
BoAbI
Ha
yqaclx^e-I{HuJlflHcK-:
Kfacrioapcxuft
nepe.u,
JreAoo6pagosaHueNa
cocraBl{Jla
1,6
"C,
[pI'I
gToM
TeMneparypa
BoAbI
y
nJroTHHbr
6bIJIa
Hnx(e,
qeM
Ha
YrlacrKe,
pacnoJlo-
lr(er.rHoM
BbIue
ro
TeqeHHIo
(ra6n.
5.3).
Ha
I(r'
fi6HrueecxoM
BoAoxpa:
Ta1nuqa
5.3
Teuneparypa
BoAbr
B
noBepxHocrHoM
cnoe
llnrvrJtflHcKoro
BoAoxpaHnnuuo
30/XII
1960
r.
0,1
0,?
19,7
40,7
60,2
79,7
100,7
2,6
2,5
2,7
urr,rrrrr(c
B
rrol6pc
1962
r.
ilocJre
rrepexoAa
reMlleparyplr
Bo3Ayxa
le_p!!
rryJIr,
r(oJrc6arrHe
TeM[eparypbl
BoAbI
rlo
aKBaropHI'I
AocrllraJlo
3,7
"C
(ira6t
5.4), a
rra
I(pzrcuonpcr(oM
BoAoxpaHllrtltue
B uor6pe
1970
r.
orro
cocrelRIIJIo
8,6
"C
(ra6.rr.
5.5).
69
Paccloqttt{e
oT nro'rlt-
lllrl
,
Klvl
Teuncparypa
noB€Px-
HOCTII BOJLI'I,
-U
1'crrneparypa
noBepx-
Hoctu
aoaut,
"C
Iopnsonr
HsrrepeHns,
rr
Terrcun
VansHoscx
TonrRrru
Teruneparypa
B
[oBepxHocrHoM
'T^R
--.-.- E F
t
uuJrur4u
o.o
_cfl_oe_
BoAbt
KpacHonpcKoro
BOAOxpaHHJtHu{a
IO/XI
lg68
n.'
Tadnu4a
5.4
Teuneparypa
BoAbt
Kyfi6urue_Bcxoro^BoAoxpaHHJrHUla
B ocenHnfi
nepnoA
(l/XI
lg62
r.),
.C
D/ IIa{aJlo
3aMep3aHltfl
orMeqaercs
oArroBpervleHHo
no
Bceil
aKBa-
TOp
r.rH
BOAOXp
a
rrHJtlrrqa.
AHanHs
MarepHaJIoB
Ha6JIIoAeHr{ii
noKa3brBaeT,
qTo
Ha
MH9THX
BoAo-
xparrH/rHUIaX,
B
TOM
rrHCJre
I{UunnucKoM,
KpeueuuyfcKoM,
Kyft6urulen-
cr(oM,
fopuxoBcr(oM,
flasnoncKoM,
fly6occapcxoM
t{ I(pacHospcKoM,
oTMeqaerctl
TJIaBHbIM
o6pasorvt
trepBafl
3aKoHoMepHocrb
[ocJre.IIoBa-
B br
coKiu
M H s a
u ; ;a
ilt ;;;;
u- ;
;;'p".;;;;;
ri'.p;;;;;;";;;
oi
"ffi;;
3HaqeHHtIMI{
KosQQHqHeHroB
ncpeMeruHBaHrrfl
r\{acc
BoAbr
(3-8
cv2lc).
Tperna
BaKor{oMepHocTb
B nocJreAoBareJrbgocrn
saMepsaHHfl
yrracrKoB
ycJroBHflx
npoqecc
neAoo6pa3oBaHHfl
npo[cxoAHT
B
TOHKOM
rrOBepX-
I]ocrl{oM
cJloe
npH
cpaBHHTeJIbHo
6o.nluux
3anacax
renJra.
Jle4nnoft
noKpoB
o6pasyercfl,
KaI( roBopflT,
(<Ha
TenJroft
BoAe>>. flpu
gToMcMeHa
noroAHbrx
yc/roBHfi
-
norenneHHe
H
yBeJrHqeHHe
CKOpOCTT{
BeTpa
-
B
OTAeJIbHbIX
Cflyl{asx
npI4BOAHT
K
pa3pyueHHro
TOHKOTO
JIeAflHOTO
[oKpoBa
w
noBTopHoMy saMep3aHHro.
Ha HeKoropbrx
BoAoxp
aHnnw-
uax
(HnaHrxoBcKoM,
VrflH'Icxotu,
Kalrcxorur)
ua6"uroAarcTcfi
noqrg
Bce
t|il/(r,t
)/tia3iililtbtx
3ar(oiloMcpilocrcri
3aMcp3arIHrr
aKRaropHH.
Aua.rlHs
yc"tonufi,
ortpeAeJItIrou{prx
cpoKr.r
H
npoAoJrx{HTeJrbHocrb
3aMepsaHHn
BoAoxpaHI{JIHLII,
noKa3aJr,
rrro
uaa6o"nee
paHHee
rroflBJre-
IIIIC
JII,.II.A
IIA BOIIOXPAIIHJII{U{AX
ENPOnCficxOII
TeppHTopHH
CCCP
Ha-
6ntoAaercfl
Bo ntopof,i noJIoBI{He
oxrn6pn
(Pu6Hdcxoe,
-KaN{cr{oe,
IIas-
noncxoe),
a Ha
Aauarcxort
reppnropnr{
CCCP
-
e HaqaJre
oxra6pa
(M:,rrvrariatrct(oc
Ro/toxpaturnlrule).
Ha
r(aNrcKHx,
BoJrlr(cl(I.rx,
a
Tal(x{e
Hprcyrcxou,
Hosoca6HpcKoM,
Eparcxolr
rr
Kpacuonpcr(cr\,r
BoAoxpa-
I.tIIJIItttl.ax
IIaqaJIo
JIcAoBbrx
qereuHli
6o"ntueri
qacrbto
ua6nrcAaercfl
B ncpnoi:r
r{ nropolt
AeKaAax
non6pn. Eolee
no3AHrre
cpoKrr
HaqaJra
/rcAoBbIX
nnneltuil
(oropan
H TpeTr,fl
Aer{aAbr
4exa6pn)
ouureva}oTcq
Ha
/(HenpoBcKHX
u
[y6occapcKoM
BoAoxpaHnJrpruax H
BoAoxpaHHJrH-
IIiax
Cpclttcfr
A:ru.r. [Ipn
ororv{ naulonee
ilosAHpre cpoKr{
HMeroT
Mecro
B IiotIltc
flHRaprr
u B FrarraJre
cfenpailfl.
I-la
soaoxparrrrJrrru{ax
Cpealrcii
.,\.itut,
i)tr:TIOJI())ri('nnr,rx
n
ropnbrx
pairouax,
II3-sa 6o.nee
c)rpoRhrtx
I(JIrr-
IuarHqecKHx
yc,rronuii
HarIaJIo JreAoBbrx
sefleHHtlr ua6lrcAaercrr,
KaK
II
rra
6orsurnucrBe BoAoxpaHuJrrrq
Eaponeftcxorl
reppr{ropr.rH
CCCP,
n noa6pe
3aucpsaror
BoAoxpal{HJrnrrra
B
uon6pe--,u,era6pe.
I-lpo4oJr)r{HreJrb-
HOCTb
[epI{OAa
saMep3aHHf
yqacrKoB
BoAoxpaHHJrHrqa o[peAeJrfercfi
IIyHxr
Teuneparypa
go/ltr,
oC
IIyHrr
1'errlneparypa
Ilortt,
oC
Huxsns
Eaxra
BosHeceHxa
flpuuopcr
8,9
7,3
5,9
I
2,2
0,9
0,2
B sasHcHMocTH
oT
HHTeHcnBHocrr{
oxJra}r(AeHnfl
BoAHbrx
Macc
onpe-
AeJIEfOTCfl
cpoKH
nosBJleHurr
JreAoBbrx
sn.rleuufi
Ha
oil.ronor*
yqacr-
Kax,
a
KB
aTop
Hu
BOAOXp
alrHJr
HIrI.
,'a
Bcex
BoAoxpaHHJIHIrlax
npoqecc
.ne4oo6pa3oBaHHfl
Har{prHaeTc,
B
3aJrHBax
w,
Ha
MeJrKoBOAb1rx
'(1,0-l;5
rrr)
npu6pe>r(Hbrx
yqacrr(ax
R
BtrAc
:ra6cperon,
ca"rla
tr
o61ta.irur,,,,uii
ur'^cJrrrbrX
Jrb/(r{r.
3a.r,c^,r;re-
A,oo6pa3oBaHHe
pacnpocrpaHflercfl
H
Ha
Ap{lae
pafiorru.
FIa
rex
yqacr_
Kax'
rAe
cKopocTrr
reqeias
npeBbrrxarcr
I0-15
cvfc,
ua6.nn4aeTcs
ITHTeHCHBHOe
nepeMe.xHRarrr{e
RoArrr)rx
Macc,
cnoco6c.,j,ry,o,,tac
60.^cc
no3AHHM
cpoKaM
noflBJrerr
Hr
Jrbla
I-lp,
u"un"aa
AaHHbrx
Ha6"uloAeHr'..1
BbIqBaeHbI
CJleryrcurHe
3
aKoHoMepuocrn
B
nocJreAoB
aTeJrbrrocrrr
3
a N,rcp
-
eaHr4fl
axnaropufi
Bo4oxpar{HJrHtq:
l)
3aMep3aHue
Haquuaercs
B
BepxHefi
qacru
BoAoxparrurJrr.ru{a,
noc_
'''I€loB3Te'IIbl{o.,pacnpocrpaHflercf
Ha
ccpeillrFry
r{
3ar(ailrrrrBACTCn
ts
rrplr[JroTlruuori
qacrr{;
2)
3a''lep3aHHe
HaqHFIaercfl
B
np,nJroTnuuofi
qacr,,
sareM
nocJrc-
4oBareJIbI{o
pacnpocrpaHqeTCfl
Ha
ipe4Hrorc
H
Bellxrrroro
qacrr.r
Ro,To-
xparil.r,TIIqa;
3)
3al\IcP3arrrrc
rrirrrrrrraercrr
B
cpelHeii
rracrrr
Ro/(o.\l)irirrr,rrrr'il
II
pilcnl)oc'rl)alltlcrcfl
BRCpx
II
RI'It.t3,
npu
STOM
rI1\{Crot.i\rcc.l,o
c,rryrr;ltl
xax
60'ryee
paH_Hefo
3aMepsaFrHfl
eepxuero
yqacrKa,
TaK
rc
60"uee
pai.r-
Hero.3aMepsaHHfl
HH)r{Hero
yqacTKa
;
4)
HaqaJro
3aMep3a
Hr4fl
na6,rrroaaercfl
oAHoBpeMeHHo
Ha
Bepxrrcr\,r
yqacrKe
Ir y
trJroTrrltbr,
a
B
nocJreArrrolo
oqepeAb
B
cpe.lHefi
rracrll
al(-
B
aTop
HH
BOAOXpa
Frr.rJrHu{a
;
70
-l
IL
xapaKTepoM
npoqecca
JIeAoo6pa3oBaI-IHr,
ycJloBtrrrMH
rrepctroczr
lr
pilc-
npeAeJIeHHfl
no aKBaropHH
BoAoxparrnJrau{a
Macc
JrbAa,
o6pasyrouux
neAqHoft rIoKpoB.
B
sasucuMocrn
or rroroAHbrx ycJroeuft
cpeAHrfl
npo-
AOJI)I(rrreJrbHOCTb
STO|O
rrepHoAa
CocraBJrfleT
or
I
a,o
20
cyr,
3a
Hc-
KarcqeHHeM
Hpxyrcxoro
BoAoxpaHHJrHUIa
(25-60
cyr). C usr\aer{cur.reM
IIoroAHbIx
yc"noaHfi
MeHflercfl
xapaKrep npoUecca
3aMep3aHrrrr. llpn
noBTopHblx Bo3Bparax
renJra ua6lrcAaercq
npeKpaqelrHe
npouccca
ne4oo6pa3oBaHHr,
a HHorAa
H Hcqe3HoBeHHe
JreAflHbrx
o6pasonarrrrfi.
flpu
noxo;IoAaHHflx
npoucxoAur
nonropnufi
npoqecc .rleAoo6pasoBa-
HHfl,
B
3TI'IX
CIyqaflx
AJrHTeJrbHocTb
nepHoAa 3aMep3aHHs
AocTHfaeT
50
cyr
([y6occapcKoe,
I(axoncxoe,
L{uu.rlnHcr{oe
BoAoxpallJwrura).
Otlte.Iae'rcR
gHaqHTeJIbHo
66.nlruan
[poAoJr)r(LrreJrbrrocrb
rrepr{oAa 3a-
Nrtrprdnnx
na
rJlyuu[ulJUAHbtx
yqacrKax
3arollileHHofo pycJla,
r{etoI
Ha
3aronJleusoti
nofiue.
Kporrae
MeTeopororgr{ecKHx,
rr.rApororgqecKlrx H
tr,topQottleTpHrlecKHx
yc"rlonurl
gHaquTeJrbHoe
B"[HflHr.re
Ha
QoputrpoBa-
HHe
JreAfHOro
noKpoBa
Ha BoAoxpaHHJrHUlax
oKa3brBaer
pex(HM
pa-
6orut
f3C.
floebrLueHIIbre
pacxoAbr
f3C
B
rrcplro/I tpopuuporarrrrrr
JIeArHoro
noKpoBa
cnoco6crByroT
yBerHrreHHIo
nepeMelxlrBalrHfl
Macc
BoAbl. flpu
SToM
yMeHblxaercfl
HHTeHcHBHocrb
.rreAoo6pa3oBar{Hn B no-
BepxHocTHoM
cJloe
BoAbr H
yBeJrHrrlrBaeTcfl
AJrHTeJrbHocTb
nepHoAa
3a-
Mep3aHHr.
Tax,
no
AaHHbrM
sa6.nrcAeHufi
Ha
Vr.[lr.rcxoNr BoAoxpar{t,r-
JII'Iu{e
npII noBbI[IenHu
c6pocrioro pacxoAa
Ao
1200
t'rsf c
^,trrrrcJrbrrocrr)
neplroAa 3aMep3aHHt
yBeJrlrqLrJracb
Ao
30 cyr,
a
QoprurupoBar{He
JreAs-
Horo
not(poBa
3aKoHqlt/rocb
Ha 10
cyr rros)Ke.
Ha
fiuenpo.u,3ep]KlrH-
clioM
BoAoxpaHHJIIture
noA BJrr{rrHrreM
Kpeueu.lyrcxofi
u
!,uenpoA3ep-
x<uucxofi fOC
Ha BepxHeM
H
npHrJrorHHHoM yqacrKax
B
orAeJrbFrlre
sHMbl
(1965-66
r.)
JIeAocraB
He
Ha6nnAanrcfl,.
3artlepsaFrr.re
!,nenpon-
cKorQ
H,
Kaxoecxoro
BoAoxpaIIHJlHuI
TaKlKe
r-raxoAr{Tcfl
noA
BJtHrr}rHeM
pex(HMa
pa6orlr
f3C.
B npe4e/Iax
oAHoro
fl
roro
)r(e
BoAoxpaHHJrr4qa
npoqecc
saMep3a-
HHfl'
HarIHHaeTCfl
U 3aKaHI{HBaeTCfl
HeOAi{OBpeMeHHO,
II
IOSTOMy
npO-
AoJI>t<HTeJIbHocTb
nepHoAa
gaMep3aHHfl
scefi
ar{BaTopHH
HecKoJrbr(o
6onrue,
qeM
orAeJrbHbtx yqacrKoB.
Hau6o.rrbrrag
cpcArrflrr
rrpoAoJr)r(H-
po.rlort'IqecKttx
yc.nonufi
ro aKBaropHH.
Cpe4nna
npoAoJrx(Lrre,rrbHocrrl
IIt)plloAa
3aMcp3allufl
aI(BaTopr.IH
Bo"[x(cKHX
BOAOXI)ZlrrilJrHrr{ ]tZlXo/lt{'fct
B
npeAe,rax 12-28
cyr,
AHenpoBcKr.rx-or
16
.qo
32
cyr,
KaMcr(r.lx
-
or
14
rc
25
cyr, clr6prpcr(Hx
-
or 17
to
30 cyr.
Mo>t<uo
orNierllTb,
ttro
B 3aBHcHMocrH
oT
xapaKTepa
npouecca
SaNIep3aHHfl,
Ha Bo,iloxpau,HJrrulax
na6"rrroAaeTcfl
cJleAyloti{ar{
AJrr.r'reilb-
HOCrb
nepHoAa
saMep3aHHfl
ar{BaroprrH:
rpH rrepBoM
rHrre 3--10
cyr,
npn
BropoM
-
l0-20
c)rr rr
nprr
rperr)cM
_-
3,q-50
cyr'. I(ouc,ruo,
Xfl-
paliTep
npoqecca
saMepsaHHfl
r] oTAc"rrbHbre
3ulvrbr
rro
ariBa'foptrr{ pzl3-
72
'[u6nwP
5.6
cpeAunH
MlloroJteTHnfl
npoAoJtx(nTeJrbllocl'b
saMepSallHtl
H
llcKpl,tTHs
Bo4oxpatnunttle
Il
epno.u,
3auel)3aHHfl,
cyr
llcpr{oit
}rcKptITttf,
H orrHuleHHf
oTo IbAa,
cvT
Psr6rrncroe
Vr.ntt,rect(oe
Irl ea
rmr(oecttoe
fopnxoncroc
Kyii6uureBcl(oc
Bo.nrorpaAcxoe
Iluunsrtcxoe
KpeuettuyrcKoe
.(r
rcn
p
o4ite
p
)r( t't I IcKoe
.(uenpoocroe
I(axoncl<oc
,[I.y6occa
llct<clc
I(a r'acxoc
Borlirrrrcuoe
flaB,rlosctioe
I-louoclt6Hpcnoc
Eyxrapulnrct(oc
Ma rtraxa
ttct<oc
I'lpxyrcxoe
Eparcxoe
946-75
948-7it
953-75
956-75
957
-75
960-75
953-75
959-7s
963-75
952-75
963-75
956-75
959-75
961-75
960-75
959-75
962-75
962-75
958-75
965-75
22
l9
t2
l6
26
28
;15
20
l6
32
l6
20
25
l4
28
t7
50
24
79
30
26
l6
l0
15
20
t9
24
26
22
t2
26
l6
23
t5
t5
29
30
l4
30
25
JIHTICH,
COOTBCTCTBCI{HO
I{3MCHflCTCfl
14
[i)OAOJIX(I'ITCJIb}IOCTb
TICPI{OAA
3a
N4Cp3a
lltlfl a
I(BaTOpl{lI.
.IleAocrae
Hacrynaer
HecAHoBpeMeHHo
IIo BceH
aKBaropI4H BoAo-
xpaHHJrHu{.
B 3aBHcHMocrH
or
HHTeHcHBHoerIr
JleAoo6pasoeaHHfl.,
cKo-
pocTu
H
HanpaBJreHufl
BeTpa,
a
Tal(x(e
ycToIitIHBocTI'I noroAHblX
ycJIO-
BHri
npeAeJrbl
neptroAa
o6pasoeaHHn
JIeAsHoro
noKpoBa
no aKBaropl'lu
rjoltoxparrr.rJruul,
T.
0.
t{Hcilo
cyroK
Mex{Ay
nepBoll
H nocJleAHefi
Aaroft
HATIAJIA
JICAOCTABA,
}IA,
PASJIHI{HbIX
YqACTKAX
BOAOXPAHHJII{Iq
COCTAB-
Jrrre'r
or
I
Ao
67 cyr.
LIro
xacaercr
cpcAHpIX
3HaqeHHI{
3'I'oro
nepHoAa,
ro orrpt
itaxo/rnrctt
B
ttpeAeJIax
l0-20
cyr.
5.3. II
ocne0ooare/tbttocrtt
sdrvrepsaflun
Bortuectcoeo u
!,uenpoacgoeo
r1acaad1a eo)oxpqflunuul
B
p\rc,nc
p.
BonrH
o'r
Ka.nuHuua
Ao
Bonrorpa4a
nocrpofixoft
pq,t(a 1o/lrrol)lrbtx
rrJro'l'Hrr
co3Aatt
Bonxcl<nt?
I(acl(aA
BoAoxpaI{HJIHUI,
o,rnrouatoufril
Hnauoncxoe,
Vr,nnucxoe,
Pst6ns"i<oe,
fopbKoBcKoe,
tle-
6oxcapcl(oe,'Kyfi6urueBcKoe,
CaparoncKoe
H
BonrorpaAcKoe
BoAo-
xpaHtiJtrrrUa.
Cpoxl.r,
xapaKTep
H
IIpoAoJI>IiHTe.rIbHocrb
HX
3aMep3aHI'Ifl
pasirH.ltbt.
Atta.ut,t3
Aat.tHblx
o6
aTMoc(tepHbIX
npOueccaX
3a
nepHoA
occrrLrcf()
oxflax(Aer{trfl
[oKa3brBaeTr
qTo
paHHee H
6UCrpOe 3aMepSa-
r1r()
Bcl)xrrclt]oJrlt(cKr{x
r}oAoxpaIIptJIttlt1
npol'IcxoApIT
ilpH
ycrottuuertx
MCprrArror.tS,rrrrHbrX
r{Jrrr
BocToqHbIX
flepeHocax,
npll
BbIHoce
xoJloAHblx
73
aKBaropHH
BoAOXpaHnrHul
I-lepnol
tta6.rtoAeuHq
apKTHqecKHx
Macc. llpt,
3arraAHor\,r rrrne
uHpKlurrrrtrrrr,
ncJrcAcTrlrrcno-
crynJleHnfl
Ha
EnponeftcKyro
reppnropr{rc
CCCP
reriloro
BJrax{uoro
Bo3Ayxa
Cencpnofi Arraurttxrr,
nepHoA ;rcloo6pa:loBaru.rrr
3rrartr-
TeJIbHo
yBeflrlquBaercs.
B
pairoue
Kyft6uureBcKoro
H l3o.nlolpaAcrioro
BoAoxpaHIaJIHIrr
uaH6o.uee
cHJrbHbre
noxonoAaHHn
Bbr3brBanTcfl 3aro-
KaMH
xoJIoAHoro
Bo3Ayxa B
pe3yJrbrare
Bxox<AeHuli
arrruqlrKJroHoB,
np€-
/\ - ----
nrvrlLr{trUlI5sfiItU
U UtrIIcPal n
UtrtJCPU-IJUt-'t'UKa. UylJ.ltr(-'l'ugnlrbleIIUXUJIUAa'
Hlrfl
6HsaloT
TaK)Ke
Ir
B
Tex
cJryqno*,
KofAa
6accciirr
Bo.rrru 3aul'r
o6.lacrtro BblcoKoro
AaBJIeHHg
ga
crreT
cTaUHoHHpoBaHLIff aHTI{u}rr(JroFra
HaA ceBepHblM
KasaxcraHoM
H
BbIXoJrax{HBabrtfl,
BoBAyxa B HeM
1241.
CooreetcrBeHHo
cr{HonrurrecKrre
ycJroBHfl
3HMHero neprroAa
onpeAe-
"IIflIOT
I\IereOpOilOfHqeCKHe
yCJIOBVTfl,
HaL
aKBaTOpHflMH
BOJrX{CKHX BOAO-
xpaHHJIHIr{.
3auepsauue
Bolxcxoro
KacKaAa
npoucxoAtrr
c
ceBepa
Ha
ror
B
reqenne
non6pn-AeKa6pn.
flocneAoBareJrbnocrb
cpoKoB
HaqaJra
JIeAoBbIx ffBneHHfi
(no
cpe.qnann
MHoroJrerHHM
AaHHbrM)
cnel,yroulaff:
paHbue
Bcero
JIeAoBbIe
rrBJreHHfl ua6nrcAalorcfl
rra
Pu6nucxorvr
Bo/Io-
xpaHHJIHu{e
(a
nepnofi
AexaAe
uon6pn), 3areM rra
VlJrr.r.rcrcorr,r, Vlnaus-
KoBcKoM
n fopmoBcKoM
(no
aropofi
AexaAe
uon6pfl), Ha
Kyir6uueB-
cKoM
(no
nropoir u rperbefi
AeKaAax
uon6pn) u
no3ir{e rra
Caparon-
cKoM H BonrorpaAcxofi
BoAoxpaHuJrpru{ax
(nepnofi-rperueri
Aer(aAax
4exa6pr).
Ha.raro
JreAocraBa
no
KacKaAy
BoAoxpaHnJrnrrr
flpor.rcxoAnT
B
roft
xe
nocJleAoBareJrbHocru
-
c
ceBepa
Ha or, npuqeM
s 6oree KoporKpre
cpoKn,
T. e. Ha Pn6uncxona
BoAoxpaHr{JrHuIe
-
Bo nropofi
,4eKaAe
llon6pn; HoanrrnoBCI{oM,
Vrrr.r.rcrioM, fopr,rioBcr(oM
rr l(yir6r,rrncB-
cKoM
-
B Tperleii
Aer{aAe
uon6pn
u
ro.nrxo
lra CaparoncKoM
rr
Bo"'rlo-
rpaAcKoM BoAoxpaHHJrHuIax
-
Bo
nropoflr-rpertefi
AeKaAax AeKa6pfl.
B oTAenbHble roAbl
cpoKn H nocJreAoBareJrbHocrb saMep3arrr.rrr Bo-
AoxpaHHJIHIrt
Borx<cxoro
KacKaAa Hecr(oi'rbr(o H3MeHtuorcn.
Tax, Ha-
npuMep,
B
gI{My
1960-61
r.
.ne.u,oBbre
flBJreHHr orMeqaJrucb
paHbue
Bcero
Ha
PuI6nHcrolr
BoAoxpaHHJrr4u{e
(n
rpemefi
AeKaAe
oxrn6pn),
a
3areM
Ha Bcex
BoAoxpaHI{JrHulax KacKaAa noqrH
o/tHoBpeMeHHo
(n
nepaofi
AeKaAe
uoa6pa), 3a
Hcr{lroqeHHeM npHrrJIorHI-IHbIX
yqacrKoB
Kyfi6urueBcroro
u
BonrorpaAcKoro BoAoxpaHHJrHur. O6pasoBaHue
Jre-
ArHofo
[oKpoBa 3aKoFrrrprJrocb
Bo
BTopoil
1ewaLe
Frofl6pn
rta
Bcex BoAo-
xpaHHJrHrIrsX, KpoMe
Bo.nxcxoro
nJreca
VIsaHbxoBcr(oro
BoAoxpaHI{-
JrHrrla, Ha r(oTopoM 3a
crrer Bo3BpaToB TerrJra
npor.r3oruJro
pa3py[reHHe
JreAflHoro noKpoBa,
a saTeM
noBTopHoe ero o6pa3oBar{He
Il
I(oHue
nep-
noli
Aera.{br
sHBapff.
B
ery
gHMy
AJrHTeJrbHrrfr
npouecc3aulep3aHHrrHa-
1nwp,ancn
Ha
npurrJroruHuofi
qacTH
Bo,rrrorpaAcKoro
BoAoxpauLIJII{ua
TaKX{e
H3-3a Bo3BparoB
TerrJra.
B sHl,ry
l96l-62 r.
JIeAoBbIe TBJIeHLIfl
orMeqaJrHcb
B
rperrer?
nrrrHAHeBKe uon6pn
qa
Bcex
BoAoxparrrrJnr-
Uax
KacKaAa.
LlcxnrcqeHHe
cocTaBHJrpr
Bo,rrrorpaAcr(oe
Ro1oxpatILIJIIIttle
H rpHnJIorHHHas,
qacrb
Kyft6trrueBcKoro
(e
xonrre
Hon6pn). Ha.raro
JIeAocraBa Ha
Prt6HHcxolr,r,
Vr.nHr{cKoM,
foprxoncKoNr
r.r
rrac'r'rr
Kyr?6u-
IrIeBcKoro
BoAoxparurJrurrua
sa6"troAaJrocb
25lXI, a Ira
I,lnztnt,xonct(o1\I
BOroxparr rr.,rrrnrtc
-
B
rrzlra"lc
,:leKzl6lin
f[o:l;r<c
:ia \4cp:i,jro
[Jo,rtrtllt):r/i,-
cKoe
Bo.'toNpatttt,ltttlle
---
R,,
Kotttlc
,rlet(a61ln
-
ltilrta.ilc
tlttllzll)tl.
74
Kar<
noKa3brBaror
MarepnaJrbr
ltccJleAoeanufi
JIeAoBoro
pelKHMa,
cpoKr.r
tr
nocJreloBaTeJrbHocTb
SaMep:ratlHfl
Bo.nx<cxOro
KacKaAa
HaxO-
Aqrcrl
B
COOTBeTCTBhTT4
C
yCJTOBHflMII TenJIOO6MeHa, nepeMeUHBaHLIfl
'IvIaCC
BOAbl,
3a[acoB
TenJIa Ha
Ka)KAOM
BOAoXpallIIJIIlule
I( MOMeHTy
ne-
pexoAa
TeMrrepaTypbl
BosAyxa
qepe3
HyJIb,
a
raKxie c xapaKTepoM
u
ycrorlqHBocrbro noroAHblx
ycJroBI.Ifi,
I{oropble
B oJAeJIbnbte roAbl
fB-
.rsrnTnsr r()r\drrrrnnvrorrrrrMr.r B rlDorrecce 3aMeD3attlItl.
Cuetta noronHblx
vc-
.
v,.
.tv^'...--..rJ
------'---
- --r
nosrrrl
B
rrcpHoA
gaMepsarrr.tfl
npIIBoAHT
K H3MeHcIIHIo
HHTeHcIIBIIoCTI{
JreAoo6pasoBaHlrfl,
a
r.rHorAa
r( [oJIIIoMy
[Icqe3HoBcHllto
JIeAoBblx
flB-
.neriuft.
-3HaqHreJrbHoe
BJTHflHHe
Ha
rlpoqeccbl
saMep3aHnff
I4naHlxos-
cKoro BoAoxpaHHJIHIqa
oKasblBaer
c6poc
noAol'perblx
BoA
Konaxoe-
u<ofi
fP3C, B
pesyJlbrare
Koroporo
B MotuKoBHqcKoM
3aJIHBe JIeAo-
craBa rre 6Hsaer.
rI.,^-* ^
AHenpoBcI(HH
KaCKaA
PasilOJrUi*(err
Ha
Hn2t(Hcrvl
y
{au r lls
AntruP.1
B
3or{e
KOrrrHr{errTaJrb[oro
r{JrHMaTa
c
yMepeHHo
Mflrxot?
gnuofi.
Kpafi-
uefi neycroftquBocrbro
oTJIHqarcTcfl
r(JIIIMaTI{rIecKHe
ycJIoBHfl
oceHHe'
3rrMrrero
rrcpt{oAa
B
paftoue
l(axoscxoro
l}oAoxpaHIlJIIluIa,
HaxoAflule'
t.Ocfl noA
UJtlltlllltCM
IIcpCllOCa
Bo3AyUJHlrlX
IuaCc
C
3anaAa' IOrO-3a[aAa
tr rora.
!,rrcnponcr(rrr:r
r(acKaA
BKfltoqaeT
B
ce6s
nflTb
AeftcrBylo-
IIIHX
BOAOXpaHLIJILtuI:
KnesCxOe,
KpenneHqyrcKoe,
!,HenpoA3ep}KHHCKOe'
!,uenpoucKoe,
Kaxoecxoe.
3auepsaHue
srnx
BoAoxpaHHJIlIq,
TaK
x(e
KaK
H
BoAoxpaHllauu{
Bonxcxoro
KacKa,{a.
npolrcxoAnT
c
ceBepa Ha
Ior, Ho
BcJreAcrBue
6olee
re[JIbrx
MecTHLIX
KJIuMaruqecl(llx
ycnoouft
B 6onee
ro3AHLIe
cpoKn:
B
AeKa6pe
-
nHBape.
fIoc.neAOBaTeJIbHOCTb
B cpoKax
rraqafla
JIeAoBbrx
ssfleHltrl,
[o
cpeAHHlvl
]IHoroJIeTHlIM
AaH-
rlbrr\{,
cJre^yroutaR:
B
lral{aile
TpeTr,eil
Ael{aAH
.ryexa6pq
JIeAOBble
tlBJIe-
rllg
lra6;noAarot'r.1
tra
l(;rcuerrrryt'cKoM
tlo/toxl)allllJIIllll,cr
3arelu
lIa
l[rrenpol3ep]r(Hucr(oM
H B
Korrqe
AeKaAbt
IIa
!,ltenponcKol\1.
I"[ogx(e
Bccr.o
JIc/lo3r,rc
trrlJrcnrrfl
rra6.lrto/[atorcfl
Ita
I(axoncxoiu
RoAoxpaHH-
Jrr.{u{e
-
B nepnor?
AeKaAe
flnBapfl.
Haqa.ryo
JIeAocTaBa
Ha
!,nenpon-
cr(oM,
KpevrerrqyrcKoM
vt
Irrenpo.u,3epx(III{cKoI\,{
BoAoxpalIHJIHIrlax
flprrxoAr.rrcr
Ha
KoHerr
rperreft
lexaAsr
4exa6pr
I'I roJIbKo
Ha
I(axos-
cKoM
-
Ha rlepBylo-Bropylo
AeKaAy
flHBapfl.
llprrMcporvr 6onec
pbiruero
pa3Br.rrr.rn npoueccoB
rler(oo6pT^oj
1\Hn
Ha BoAoxpauuJrnrqe
AnenpoBcKoro
KacKaEa
nBilfl,ercfl
3HMa
1963-64
r.
B ory
3rrMy
ite/l
noflBHJrcrr
oAHOBpeNteHHO
rla
BCeX
BOAOXpalIl',lJIHIqax
r(acr(aAa,
B
rpeTberl
AeKaAe
Hos6pn.
3arrlep3aHI4e
Ha
TpeX
BepxHIzX
Bo-
;1oxpaHnJI14tu,ax
rpoHSotrIJIo
n
nepeofi
u
niopoftAexaAax4era6pn,
aHa
I(axoncNoM
-
B
rpernefi
AeKaAe
AeKa
6ps,
3a
HcKrloqeHHeM
BepxHero
yqacrKa,
Fra
r{oropoM
noA
BJrI,rflHHeM
pex(LIMa
pa6orbl
,Il,nenpoicKoft
fAC
3aMepsarrne
Ha6yrnAaJrocb
roJrbl{o
B
qHBape.
PasHHqa
B cpoKax
rreAocraBa
B
gror
roA
no
!,uenponcr(oMy
KacKaAy
cocTaBnIfl,ila
16 cyr.
B 6o.nce
no3/(rrrre
cpor(H,
B nepnoft
AeI(aAe
flHBapfl,
HaqaJIo
JIeAo-
Bbrx
ssnelrgii
Ha6lroAanocr
B
3rrMy
1964-65
r. I-Ipu
eroM
npoqecc
3a'
Mcp3arrrrq
spo11oJr)r(aJrul
or
?_
ltu
4 cyr
IUI
tlccx
uo/toxpallllJllluax,
r(poMe
flprrr/rorl.urHofi
r{acrH
KaxoecKoro
BoAoxpaHI'IJII'IuIa
\2o
cyT)
rr'
gcp.xtreii
rracrr,r
/]ucnpon3e,px(IlHcl(oro
BoAoxpaHI{JIHuIa
(
l3
cyr).
B
ocerrrre-3rrMrrnl'l
nepnoL
l965-66
r. BcJrcAcrBIIe
neycroftqllBblXnoroA,'
rrr)rx
5'c.nOnr.tii
rra RCeX
BOAOXpaTIIIJIIIx1aX
I(acI(aAa
OTMeqeIIO
HSOAFIO-
TO
KpaTKoe.
noflBJIeHHe
H
HcqeSHoBeHHe
JreArHbrx
o6pasonauurll.,IIeAocraB
ycraHoBHJrcfl,
8-9/l
Ha
_KpeMeHqyrcKoM
BoAoxpaHHJrHrr{e,
l2ll
iaArre_
npoA3epxr.HcKoM,
4-5lrl
ua
[HenponcKoM
BoAoxpaHr.rJrr]ure.
B 3ry
3I{MY
HA
KAXONCXOM
BOAOXPAHHJIHUIC
OTMCqAJIHCb
TOJIbI{O
OTACJIbTIbIC
JIeAoBbIe
sBJIeHIlfl
H JI'HIJJb
Ha yqacrKe
fpyurencxaq-EeJreHbr{afl
6tr,rl
KparKoBpenaeuultrl
/IeAocTaB.
3Ha,{HreJrbHoe
BJrHrrHHe
}ra
xapar(rep
SaMep3aHHq
BoAoxpaHHiIuUl
!,neflpoBcKoro
KacKaAa
oiia3biBacr
pe)i(iiM
pa6oru
fOC,
noA
BJIHflHHetvI
KoToporo
Ha
5-lii
.yt yBerurrprBaercr
,u,JIHTeJrbHocrb
flepnoAa
3aMep3aHHfl
BepxHHX
H
HH]r{HHX
yqacTKoB
aK_
BaropHH
BOAOXP_aHHJTHUI.
KpOnae
rofo,
Ha
ycJroBHfl
3aMep3aHnfl
Bepx_
Hero
yqacrKa
Kaxoecxoro BoAoxpaHuJrlrura
BJprflroT
npoMbrrilJreHHbre
croKH_
I_ ^1*p.Kpaqarcqeecfl
,{BH}KeHHe
cyAoB (n
orAentuue
roabr
)
.
I
IPOAOJIX(HTCJIbHOCTb
3AMCP3AHHg
OTACJIbI]bIX
BO,[OXPAHPIJII{U{
KA.
cxaAa
cocraBJrser
i0-22
cyr,
KpoMe
l(axoscxoro
(oxbno
Mecflqa),
a
Bcero
KacKaAa
-
2b-b0
cyr.
5.4. O
codenaocru
autJepsaflun
aodoxpauu/tut4
pasnuqr{brx
eeoepaQuvecrcux
part,onoe
CCCp
'
Hcc.rreayeMble
BoAoxpaHHJIHIrra
HaxoAflTcfl
B
pa3r'r{Hbrx
KJTHMa-
THrIecKHx-Paftouax
Teppuropl{H
CCCP:
cypoBbrx
KJrHMarr.rqecKHX
yc-
noBHflx
Cw6npu,
yn'repeuno
cypoBblx
u
yMeleHHo
MflrKHx
ycJroBr{rrx
BonrH
H
Kauu,
yMepeHHo
MflrKr.rx
ycrroB^^i
E;il;
[".npu,
ueycroft-
rIHBbIx
noroAHbIX
ycJIoBHflx
IoxHbIX
par?oHon
H
TenJrbrx
KJrHrvrarurre-
cKHx ycJroBnnx,Cpe4Hefi
ASHH
H
Kaexaga.
3
a
u epsa
HI'Ie
BoAoxp
a HHJI
LI.l
[poucxoAr.rr
B
p
a
3"rr H
rrr
rrr€
cpoKr.r
BcJrcA
3a IIepexoAoM
TerunepaTypbr
Bo3AyXa
K
OTptruaTcJrb]rbrM
straLrerrr.rflM.
.IleAoctas
Ha6.rrro,q,aeiis
exeroAHo
Ha
Bcex
BoAoxpaHwruu{ax,
3a
I{cKfiIoqeHHeM
JoAoxpaHHJII{tq
Cpe4uer?
ASHH
H
Kanriasa.
FIa
RoAo-
xpaHHJIHIT{ax
Cpeaneri
Aewu
orMeqalorcfl
ToJrbKo
JreAoBbre
flBJreHgrr,
a JIeAOCTaB
JIHIUb
B OTAeJIbHbIe
roAbl
LI
B TerIeHHe
HenpoAoJIiKHTeJrb_
HOrO
nepHoAa.
Ha
KpynHr,rx
KaBKa3cKrrx
BoAoxparrntnr,Iulai
-
Mlrrrre-
'{aypcKom
u BapBapHrrcKoM
---
Jrcllrrrori
rroxpcru
,i,,u6ruc
rrc
o6par3yc'r.clr,
a JreAoBbre
flBJreHHrr
B BHAe
sa6eperon
H rxyru
rrpoAoJrxureJrbHocrbro
ao
l0
cyr
6Hsaror
B
orAeJrbHbre
roAbr.
PaccnaarpHBafl
B
xpoHoJlorurrecr(oM
rroprrAr(c
cpor(H rrarraJra
Jrc/ro-
BbIX
qereHafi
u-a
BoAoxpaIIHJII.ruax
reppuiopllll
CCCP,
Mo>r(rro
orMe-
THTb'
tITo
uau6onec
palirlec
Itaqa,[o
JrcAoBbrx
ln,ucrruii
rra6"lroraeTcrr
rra
cu6upcKlr,I
RoAoxpaupr.rrnrtilx
-
Maivrar(arrcr(oM
(S__l
l/X),
Epar.-
('riorr
(
l-
ll-r/\
)
rr Ilotroctt6nl)('r(or\r
(2tJ/X
-()/XI
).
I I1
i.l1i''v.,.,i,,,,n,
Bo;lorl)allll,llILllc,
rlC.lcAcrBIIC
B.rIIIfliltIl
rctIrTbIX
nol
]jafiria,ila,.rrC,rlollLIe
trB.'rcrrrIfl
ita6,rlo.talorcfl
n
6orcc
no34rrrrc
cpor{rr
(6-24lXI).
I-ia
I(al.l-
crior\r
rr
llasnoucrtolr
BoAoxparrHJrHtuax
JreAoBbrc,rBJrcrrHrr
tra6.rtto_
Aalorcfl
B l(oHqe
oxrn6pn
-
e nepnort
noJroBnlle
uon6p
n,
Ha 6onnurcft
qacrH
BoJr)r(cr(HX
BoAoxp_aFrurJrHur
_
Bo
nropor?
noJroBr.rrrc
llon6pn,
a
Ha
Bo"rrorpaAcr{oM
lr
-IJ,tlvr,rrrrcr(oM
BoAoxparrr.rJrr.ru(ax
_
B nepnofi
no.IIoBI{I'le
Aelia6pa.
B
6o,ree
no3Arr}re
cpor(H JrcAoBbte
lBJtcrrrrrr
rra6.nro-
Aarorcn
IIa
.[y6occapcl(oM
t4
AI"IenpoBcr(HX
noAoxpaHrl",rrrlrray
"-
Bo
nropofi
noi'IoBIIHe.4er<a6pn
H_
nqpBofr
no,ryonllrre
rrnBaprr.
LIa
BoAoxpa-
tlI{;1HUI3X
Cpe4rreli
AsllH
}'I I(auNasa
,rc4onule
rrBJrerr14fl
ua(nlolaroTcl
76
B
4exa6pe-tlHBape.
Kax
creAyeT
ns
nprdBeAeHrrbrx
Bbrue
AaHHbrx,
ar{rlJlllryAa
cpol(oB
Haqara
JIeAoBbrx
flBlerillr'r
Ha
BoAoxpaHHJrHIrIax,
pacnoJloxtcl{llblX
B
pasrHtlHbrx
neorpaQr{qecr(rrx
pafiouax
reppr.rrop'r{
CCC-P,
cocraBJrfler
or{oJro
qerbrpex
MecsueB.
Xapalirep
II
AJIIITeJIbtIocTb
npoqecca
saMep3ar{rrff,
KaK
6u,no
ycral{oBJlello
pa}lee,
onpeAeJlfleTcrr
ycJroBr.rrrMrr
rennoo6MeHa
I{ nepe-
McLUI{lJallllfl
Macc
BoAbl,
Koropble,
B
CBOIO
OqepeAb,
ofipeAeJIffIOTCfl
MereopoJIorHqecKHMH
yc/toBuflMu
rr
uop$onreT'arzqecr(HMH
xapar(Tep'-
crlrriaMLr
BoArroro
o6texra.
3auepsaulte
cu6upcxHx,
Bo.,'rx(cr(ux
H
KaMcKHX
BoAoxpaHHJrHIrI
rporlcxoAl'lr
npll
Qpe!,Heft
reMneparype
-2...
-ll
oc.
Ee
nrrlnuuaru-
HbIe
c_p^enltHe
SHaqeHHfl
cocraBJlql.or:
Ha
flaeaoecr{oM
BoAoxpaHHJrHuIe
-24,8"c.
Kyfi6nr'reBe r(oM
-!9,2,
Hoeoc[6'pcr(or,{
-:
ts.^C.
E;;;
BbLcgISs
cpeAHnrr
reMneparypa
sa
nepuoA
3aMepsarrnfl
(_2...
-5
"c)*
na6nrcr,aercfl
Ha
AHenpoBcKHx BoAoxpaHnJrr{urax,
Uriunsn-
9foru,
ily6occapcr(oM,
a
raKX(e
Ha
BoAoxpaHnjlluax
CpeaHefi
ASHH.
flpu
gTor\t
Murrr.rMaJrbtrafl
TeMnepary.p-a^ga
nerprroA
saMep3aHHfl
Ha
gTHx
uoAoxparrrrJrrqax
ltc
npeBr,ruraeT
-l
I
"C.
Cpe4Hnn
cKopocrb
Berpa
3a
nepuoA
saMep3aHr4fl
Ha
6o.nuuuucrBe
BoAoxpaHlIJll'luI
cocraBJltler
3-6 rtl/c.
flpu
sroM
MaKcHMaJrbHbre
gHa.
rreHlrs
npeBbrrual,oT
cpeAsue
B
2
pa3a
rr
6o"uee.
c"rreayer
oTMeTHTb,
rITo
xpafiHue
SllarleHl4fl
MeTeopofiorr.rqecKax
gJreMeHToB
cyu{ecrBeHHo
BJrHnloT
Ha
npouecc
3aMep3aHHfl.
Ha
BoAoxpattHJIHUrax
HeBaBHcHMo
or
Hx
reorpaSnrrecKoro
noJro-
)KeHHfl
Ila6"u0Aalorct
rpu
ocHoBHbrx
runa
3aMepsanun
(cna.
ra6n.
5.2),
rprrrreM
qaure
ua6nroAaercrr
nropoft
rrzr
H
pex{e
-
rperuli.
npi
rperbeM
rHne
[poqecca
3aMep3aHr{fl
npoucxoAHT
T.THTeHCHBHOe
O6pa-
3oIlalIHc
IrtyrtI,
BcJIeAcTBr.te
qefo
B03HHKaIoT
6onrrrune
ocJroxHeHHtI
n
pa6ore
ruAPoerexrpocrauqufi,
soAosa6opoB
pr
ApyrHx
rrzAporexHn-
qecKtrx
coopylKeuufi.
Ha
eoAoxpaHl'utl'Irrlax
rcr{Hblx.^pafionon
repprrropuu
CCCP
npoqecc
3ilMcp3ullllltl
llocll'l'
trcycL'tlii,ututtii
xapar(Tcp.
Tar<,
ua
!,y6occapcxou,
KaxoRcxou,
!,nenponcKoM,
IJ,uu.urucKoM,
a
TaKlKe
Ha
BoAoxpaHrIJrlI-
urax
Cpelrrefi
Asr.u.l
B
TcrreHlre
oceHHe-3uMnero
tieprroAa
na6nroaaeacn
IIOIIl'oPIloc
tl6pa3oBallllc
JIcAHttoro
noKpoBa.
flo
AarrtrbrM
lla6,rrroAer*rft
rra I-lrrvnnllcr(oM
Bo[oxlparrr{JrHUIe
B BrlMy
l96l-62
r.
Jre/{ocrae
Ha6rro-
AaJrcrr
/(BZlil(/(r,r
-
B Koilqe
llon6pn
H
B KoFrue
4eNa6pn.
HeoAuorpar-
Ijgc
o6pasottaltllc
I{
pa3pylrcrulc
Jrc/1rrr-roro
noKpoBa
r.rMeJro
Mecro
r-ra
1!lL,-,tl)or|(:tioM_ llo/(oxl)ztrrrr,/rr.urlc
B
occurrc-3un,rrilrii
rrcl)r.roA
lgb4-SS,
1958-59,
1959-60,
1968-69
rr.
Ha
Ay6occapcKoM
BoAoxpaHgrprure
I]grlTopirog
- -3a-irrep3arrHc
ria6"rrrcAa,'rocb
B oceHHe-snuHuii
repgoA
1959-60,
l96l-62
rt'., a
B
3HMy lg64-65r.
sa6nloAarrHch
rrerbrpe
JreAo-
xoAa
r{
/[Bur
Jre,4,ocTaBa.
5.5. Hnreq.ctrstdocrb
Hapa,crdttufl
Toltt4uttu
nednaoeo
notcpola
aodoxpauultut4
Flapacrarrr{e
ToJrrrrr.rrrbr,,rrbAa
ua
goAoxpaFrHnHruax
illpoHcxoAprr
c IIatlaJIa
,rle,I(OCTaBa
nyTeIvI
I{pHCTaJIJIH3aUHH
BOAbI
Ha
uUXHert
tto-
RCpXrrocrH
JtcArrrrofo
nor{poBa,
npoMep3ar{rrq
rxyfH
noA
JreAflHbrM
II
noKpoBoM,
fl TaKX(e
3a cqeT cMep3aHHf
cHefa,
IlaxoAfltl{cfoctl
Ha ileAtl-
HOM rroKpoBe
H nponllTaHr{oro BoAofi.
AHanus
,q,aHHbrx
MHoroJrerHI{x
rra6JrIoAeIIIIfi
nor(a3I)tBaer,
q'ro
ocHoBHbrMH
oaKTopaMH,
onpeAeJrrrrcur{Mrr
HHTeHCHBIIOcTb
HapacTaHllfl
TOJilTtHHbI
Jrb[?', trB/rrrroTcfl: xapar(Tep
JreAoo6pa3oBalII{fl
npI'l IIilrlsJIL-
HOI\4
QolptvrupoBaHHH
JreARHofo
noKpoBa,
[oroAHble
ycJIoBLIfl
3HI\ilHerO
[epHoAa
H
rHApoJIofHr{ecKHe
xapaKTepHcrHKH
BoAOeMa.
flpouecc
HapacraHHff
ToJrulr.rHbr
JrbAa
rrprr
pa3JIHtII.tl)lx
ycJIoBttflx
3aMep3aHHfl
BoAoXpaHI,tJIHuIa
pa3rHr{aeTcfl no
cytqecrBy.
Tax,
rIpH
nepBoM
Tr.tfle SaMep3aHHrr,
T.
e. npH
oTcyTcTBHH
BoJIIICHI{fl
H TetIeHl{f,i,
BcJreA
3a o6pasonaHHeM
KopKH [rb4a
npoHcxoAHT
HapacraHl{e
roJI-
rqHHbr
JrbAa nyTeM KpHcTaJrJrH3arIHpr
BoAbI
Ha
HHx(Hefi
noBepxHocTH
-qrofi KopKH c
HHTeHcHBHocrbro,
olpeAe.[t{rcIll.eficq
rertJloBbtM
6anau'
coM
Ha
HLIx(Heft noBepxHocrl{ JIeAflHoro
IIoKpoBa,
T. e.
pa3l{ocrblo
AByx
noroKoB TenJra
-
HcxoAflrqero
B arMocQepy
or
lll{x{Hefi noBepx-
Hocrrr
JlbAa H nocrynarcurero
K
uefi
II3 noAttott
roJluu{. flplr
3tlatttt-
TCJIbHOI\{
BOJIHEHHH
HA
BOAOXPAHI{JIIIUIAX
(tPCTUft
TI{N 3AMCP3AHIIN)
JreAffHOfi
nOKpOB
QOprr/Inlpyercf
H3
rryfr.r.
I{apacrailHe
ro.ruIrIHbI
JII'Aa
B HaqaJre
nepHoAa
JreAocTaBa
npor.rcxoArrT 3a
ctreT
IIpoMcp3artnr|
cJIofl
IUyrI{, HaxoAtIIlerocfl
Ha
ngBepxHocTH
BoAoxpaHHJlHuIa,
T. e.
o6pa-
3yercfl
ruyroeoft
reA,
a 3areM
y)Ke npl{
orpHllareJlbttoM
TenJIoBolvI
6aea:g,ce
npoucxoAHT HapacraHrre
roJrulr{Hbr
JrbAa 3a
crler
I(pIIcra.nnII-
3ar.Ir{r-I
BoAbr.
tr{srescnBHocrb HapacraHHfl
ToJIITUIHbI
JIbAa
B
oroM
CIyqae
3aBLICI.IT He TOJIbKO OT
TenJIonOTCpb
C
IOBCpXIIOCTI'I
JII).I(a,
HO
r,r
oT
rrJtorHocTII
pr
roJrulHHbr
cJrofl
ruyfr{.
fl.roruocrr
luyrl{ B
I(OBpaX
r{ BeHr(ax
nlpr{
QopullpoBalrHrr
JreAflr{ofo
noKpoBa cocTaBJItleT
0,6-
0,7
rlcttrs
u
HecKoJrbKo
MeHbrrre
(0,4-0,3
r/cu3)
B ct(onJleIIHflx
tuyrH
noA reAqHbrM
noKpoBoM.
To"rluruua cJrofl
nJrbrByulefi
IIJyrq
IIa
Bo/t.o-
xpaHr.rJrr{urax cocraBJrner
20-80 crrn.
Cr<onJeHlrn
utyrll
noA
JIeAttttbtM
noKpoBoM,
no
AaHHuu
Ha6nroAesufi
Ha
IlupurflHcl(oM,
Ay6occapcl(oM,
BorrorpaAcKoM,
KaxoecKoN{
LI
ApyruX
BoAoxpaHI{JIl{uax,
Aocrllralor
5-10
M.
flpu
HaJtwrtHH cKorrJreHrrft
rxynr.r
noA reAqHbIN,r
nottpoBoM
3aMerl{o
yBe.IrIIql'lBaeTCfl HHTeItCHBIIOCTb
I-lapaCTallllfl
TO.rlu(l{ltl,l
.rlb/I3,
Tal( I(AI(
cKo[JIeHHfl
LUyrH
flBJIflIOTCfl
qaCTb]O
nOTOBOTO
JIeAfHOfO
MarepI{aJIa,
ueo6xoAuMoro
AJrfl
HapacraHr.rfl
JrbAa
.
I4s-sa HepaBlloMepHoro
pac[pe-
AeJIeHHf
lIIyrH
nOA
JIeAfl{bIM
nOr(lpOBOM
TOJIUII'IIIa
JIbAa
IIa
oT/[C"IIhllbIX
yqacTKax
BoAoxpaHr.rJrHul
3rraqr{TeJrrrFro
npeBblIIIaeT
cpeAlllolo
no al(Ba-
TOpHrr.
B
3aBr.rclrMocrn
or
xapar(Tepa
3aMep3aHr4rr
BoAoxpaHIIJII{tua
IIa-
rraJrr,Hafl
ToJrurHHa JrbAa
npH
QoprunpoBaHItH
JIeAgHoro
[oKpoBa
co-
craB,rrrer
3-30 cM,
T. e. B cpeAHeM
10-40
0/0
MaKcuMaJlbrlofi
roJI-
trlrrHbr
JrnAa. IIpH
gToM
B orAeJrbHbre
sHMbI
Ha
fly6occapcl(oM,
Kaxoncxona
H
l{nu,nnucKoM BoAoxpaHI{JrI{u{ax
B
I{aqaJIe
fleAocraBa
Ha6rrcAaJlacb
MaKcuMaJrbr{afl
ToJrtu,r{rra
JrbAa, 3areM
npot{cxoAllJlo
ero
TaflHHe,
a
He HapacTaHHe.
B KaqecrBe
xapaIffepLIcrHI{H
I-IaqaJIbHbIX
yc.nonlrft
Sopvr.rpoBaHHrr
JreAflr{oro
nor(poBa
B ra6n.
5.7
npI'{Be,[eIIbI
3Har{eHIIfl
XO3SQUUUeHTa
Kr,
Bbrpax(aIoulero
orllotuellHe
roJIUII',lHbI
Jrb,u,a B
MoMeHT
ycTar{oBJre}rr{fi
JIeAocraBa
I(
N{aI(cHI\{annHolt
3a 3IIMy.
,o
Ta6nuqa
5.7
cpe4Hnn
NrHoroJteTHflfl
I|HTeH_C_HBHOCTb
HapacT.aHHfl
TOJIUIHHbI
nbAa
"
*oJ,bdi"u'eHrbt
.iJ.prunNc
(Kr) H rasH'c
(Kz)
Ha
BoAoxpaH'n'Iuax
Pur6ltucxoe
f
opltionct<oe
Bo,rrorpaAct(oe
Lllttnt,ltsHcxoe
!,y6occapcroe
KpeueuuyrcKoe
AuenpoAsePll*IIIcKoe
Kaucroe
BotxuHcxoe
flaufloecxoe
Dyxtapvtltlcl(oe
I-Iosocu6HpcKoe
Hpr<yrcxoe
Mauaxaucxoe
Eparcxoe
I(pacuorpcroe
0,9
0,8
1,2
0,8
1,2
0,9
0,7
0,8
1,4
0,3
1,9
0,4
0,4
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,6
1t
I
to
1,0
0,5
0,8
0,7
0,6
1,2
0,7
017
0,5
0,7
0r6
014
0,4
0,5
0,5
t\q
Uro
0,7
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,3
0,5
0,0
o,7
0,3
o,7
017
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,3
no
vrL
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,5
0,2
0,4
0,4
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0ro
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,16
0,20
0,16
0,20
n /_o
0,40
0,50
0,20
0,20
0,20
0,10
0,20
0,15
0,30
0,2
0,16
0,88
0,84
0,75
0,68
n7fi
0,75
0,70
0,70
0,70
0,60
0,60
0,80
0,80
0,90
0,8
0,78
Sruu
xoeQ{rraq}IcgToM
xapaKTepn3ylorcfl
yc"IoBl{fi
3aMep3aHgs
pa3-
TaafIHHJrF,Aa
(So).
, :^ -
vpanncHHe
renJroBoro
6a.uaHca
B
o6uleu
BHAe
CJleAyrcuee:
=L
S'
f
S,
=L
S.
-F
Sn
-F
Su
*
Su
-0'
B
sanIIcI.IMocTpI
oT
cOqCTAtII,Ifl
OCIIOBHbIX
COCTABJIflIOI{IIX
TENJIOBO|O
6a,rlagca
JleAfliloro
noKpoBa
B
IteM
npollcxoAHT
IlsMeHeHpIe
Ko'/IHrIecTBa
TeTIJIOTbt
LI
[la6JllOAaeTCfl
IIapaCTaHHe
HJI[I
TaflHI'Ie
JIb'[a'
olr,errxa
oTAeJrbHbrx
cocTaBJIf
loluHx
TenJIoBoro
6aJIaHCa
MOXeT
6utr
BbrnoJrr-reHa
Ha
ocHoBaHHH
AaHHbIX
rlenocpeAcTBelIHblx
IIa6JIK,AeHHfi
79
(5.13)
I'llttertctlnnocrt,
ltapacratlttfl
ToJlulHHbt
"lbla'
c l\l
/
cy"r
D^n^v^nurrnlftttP
s
vAv^
l,
g..nv.
'..q
-
JIH6o no
AaHHblM
pacl{era
no
cyilIecrByroulr{M
rfroprr,ty.na
rvr.
B
r(a-
qecrBe
pacqerHblx
Moryr
6Hrr
r.rcrroJrb3oBarrbr
re )Ke
Sopnny.nu,
qro
I{
AJrr
pacqera
cocraBJlflIoullrx
ren,rroBoro
lanauca
noArror?
rroBepx-
HOCrH
B
nepHOA
3aMep3aHHfl.,
C
yqeroM
QusHuecxux
xapaKTepHCTHK
JIbAa. Poll
oTAeJIbFIbIX
cocraBJrflrouux
ren,rroeoro
6ananca
JreArrr{oro
ruaeTcg,
H
HapacTaHr.re
ToJru{Hnbr
JrbAa
npor.rcxoAlrT
f/raBrrrJM
o6pasonr
noA
BJII.IffI.n{eM
sQQexruBrroro
u3Jryrrcrrr.rfl,
cocraBJrrrrou{cro
T0
olo
o6-
IqeH
cyMMbI
rerJlororepb
(50-100
Brlw2).
Ten,uoo6neu
rpu
Hcna-
peHHH
JIbAa
cocraBJlfler
B
cpeAHeM
10-20
Brlv2
3a nelptroA
JrcAo-
craBa. IIpa
TeMnepaType
Bo3Ayxa
-25oC
pr
HHX(e
orr
rracroJrbr(o
MaJr,
qro
B
TenJIoBoM
6anaHce
noBepxrrocrn
JrcArrrrot.o
r]or(poBa
clo
Mo]r{rro
He
yqHTbrBaTb.
AHaalrs
cocraBJIflIou{HX
TenJroBoro
6anasca
uHx<rrert
rroBepxrrocrn
JIeAfll{oro
noKpoBa
[oKa3brBaer,
qro
npoH?rKHoBeHrre
coJrHe,{Horl
pa1ra-
(IIII
qcpe3
ilcA
Ha6JIIoAacrcn
IIpH
orcyrcrBurr
crrcra rra
ircrt,t
rr
Mox(eT
AOCTITfaTb
B seceHHar?
neptroA
oKoJro
30
7o
paAHar{ur{,
nocryrarouleft
Ha
[oBepxHocTb
,truAa.
fIp"
BbtnaAeHHI'{
cHera
renroo6ucrr
cHe}Krro-JrcArrrroro
nor(poBa
c
aruocQepor?
3aMeAJIflercfl
H
coorBercrBer{Ho
yMctrburacTcfl
r{rrrcrr-
cllBIIocTb
IlarpacTallllfl
]'oJlulllllbt,rtbAa.
OArtaxo
c
VrJeJn.trtenucM'I'OJr-
urttHbt
cJtofl
cHefa HepeAr(o
Bo3Hnriaror
neperpy3,<r.r
,tieAsrrolo
rroKpoBa,
cnoco6crByl,oulue
o6paeoBaHuFo
cHelKFroro
JrbAa,
qro,
B
cBoro oqepeAb,
npliBOAHT
K
yBeJII{qeHI{rO
r{HTeHcrrBr{ocrr.r
Frapacrar-rHrr
roJrlqr{ilbr
Jrbn^a.
llptl
Ha",'tI'tqrIH
cllera
Ha
JrbAy roJrurr.rHofi
c,ros 6o,nee l0
cnr
coJrrrerrrrarr
paAlraqHrr
npaKrrrqecKu
rJe nocryraer
B BoAy
[10]
.
Tennoo6n,teu
Ha nux<uerl
noBepxuocrrr,TeArrroro
rror(poBa
pcry-
Jlupyercfl
TerlJlonpoBoAHocrblo
BoAbr
rr
renJroBbrM
cocrorrrn.tcM
no4uol't
Maccbl, r{oTopoe
onpeAeJrseTcs
rerrJror\4,
nocryrrarcur.rM
or fpyrrra
'rlOX{a' a
TaKX{e Te[,/'lOM,
BbTAeJIflIOUIIIMCtI
rllpI{
AI4CCHIIaUHLI
9r-reprHLI
ABl{x{ytltelics
BoAbt.
TcrrnoloroK
H3 Bo/{br
K
uaxrreflr iloBepxrrocrr.I
..leAfllrofo
nor(poBa
cocraBJrfler
0,5-1,5 Brlv2
B nepr.roA
Hapacrarrrrrr
To.xu{uHbr JIbAa,
qro
B o6uteu rell",'IoBoi\it
6a,rrauce
cocrauur o.r'
b
Ao
20
olo,
zl 13 IIcpHoA
TatlIIt.lH
Jtt,ltE
-
Ao
30
70.
B rvrapre,
a Ha BoAoxpanr.rrr.rurax
rolKrrbrx
par?onon
B r{orrrte cpce-
pailfl,
rennoeoft
6anaHc
JleAflnoro
[oKpoBa
crar'roBrlrcfl noJroxnTeJrr)-
Hbll\{
I'I FIa
BOAOXpaI{l{JrLril{ax
na6;rroAaeTcfl yrvretrbtrretrHc
ToJru{rrrrbl
JrbAa.
fIpH TattHIIH
JIbAa ocHosHoft
cocraBJrsroruefi rerrJroBofo
6a,nauca
"qe.a,flHoro
noxpoBa
flBflqeTcrr nprrxoA
TerrJra
conuequoft
paAHaUVr4
(60-70
olo).
3asHcaMocrb
HI{TcnclrBr{ocrr-r
rrapacrar{Hrr roJrrqrrrrbr
JrcArruoro
noKpoBa or
onpeAeJrrrrculux
Qaxropoa
AocraroqHo
xo;potxo rr3Becrr-ra
80
14
MOlKer 6r'rrr,
3anHcar{a
B
BHAe CfleAyrOUreFO
AasoepeHrlHarbHofo
ypaBrrerrr.rrr:
dl,
_:
,lo
(-1.._n)
_
so
dr
L\n
(hn,rr+
hc)"clL1)
tT"
flocxonrry
ua6;lro4eHna
sa reMneparypoir
rnAa
riJrt
cuera,
KaK
np&BIi,riO,
H€
BeAyTCfi,
TeMnepaTypa
noBepxHocTH
JrbAa paCCqHTbI-
Baercfl
.ryu6o no
ypaBHeHI{Io
renJroBoro
6anasca,
.nn6o
no
cBflgH
MelKAy
rcMrleparypotl
Bo3Ayxa
H
TcMneparypofi
noBepxHocrH
JreAn-
I.roro
tIor(poBa.
FIaqa.rrb]rafl
ToJrttrura
JrbAa il;pr,rrrr{M8ercfl
coorBer-
crBellllo
ycJIoBHflM
3aMep3aHHfl,.
Tax, npu
lraloft
cr(opocTg
Terreggt
u se6o.rlbLuoM
BeTpe hn,rr-2...3
crtr.
B
rex
cJryr1a"*,
KorAa
npoqecc
JleAoo6pasoBal-tufl
npoucxoAr.rr
npa 6o.rrbrrrr.rx
cr(opocrflx
BeTpa
(-cenrue
l0 nr/c)
I'r
conpoBo>KAaeTcl
uryroo6pasoBaHr.reM,
rrr{TerrcuBHocrb
l{apa-
cratlug
ToJII"IIHI-IbI
JrbAa 3aBI{cHT
or r(oJrHrrecrBa
u
SusH,recKux
cgoftcrg
ruyfr.r
Ir ofrpeAeJrrreTcrr
no
ypaBHeHprro
(5.14)
dhr,
__
?urr.
n
(*/..
n)
_
so
th
L
(yn
-
yru) /rx1.
nls. nl),r,
/r1'n
t
noerpQrrqHerrr
re[JronpoBoAHocru
rxyrn
paccqurbrBaercfl
c
yr{eroM
Aaur{brx
o ee rrJrorHocru
ro
Qopuyae
I,o
:
1""
(l
-
yr/yr)
*
},,,y*/T",.
(6.15)
(5.
l6)
B 3aBI,IcnMocrr.I
or I{3MeneHHff ToJrIrIHHbr
JrbAa
B Teqeur.re
guMHefo
nelpllo[a
IIa
BoAOxpaI{HJIHIIIax,
HaXOAIIIIUIXCR
B
pa3JII{rlIIblX
KJIHMaTH-
qecr(rax
ycJroBHflx,
Mox{Ho
BbrAeJrr'rTb
TpH
xapaKTeprrbrx
nepHoAa:
l)
Mal{clttua.llt uofi HHTeucHBIrocrH
HapacraHHrr
roJrurHHbr
JrbAa
B nep-
nplfi ncpHoA
JleAocraua, 2)
3aMeAJrerrHono
pocra
roJrrrrur{br
JrbAa
H
3)
y6t
r.lnr
roJn{Hrlbr
/rbAa
B
KoHrIe
"rrcAocraBa.
I-Ipo4o.nxHTeJrbHocrb Kax{Aoro r.rs neprroAoB
orrpeAeJrRercff
npo-
AOJrX{HTCJTbTTOCTbIO
JTeAOCTaBa Ha
BOAOXparrH.rrHUIaX,
KOTOpafi,
B
CBOIO
otrepeAI,,
3aBHcLtr
oT
KJrHMaTLIqecrflIX
yc;roBlrii,
fr{ApoJIoft,tqecKHx
tI
uoptfioucrptlqccl(HX
xapaKTelpHcrrlri.
I Ialr6o,ruIUofl
rrpoAoJrx{HTeJrb-
Irocrb
JreAocraBa
(ra6"rr.
5.8)
wa6"uo/{aeror Ha
ca6Hpcnnx
BoAoxpa-
r-rrrJrr{trlax: rra MauaxaHcxorrr
-
7
Mec, EparcxoN{
-
6-7
Mec,
Hoeo-
crr6upcxoM
---
oKoJro 6 Mec. FIa Hpxyrcxol,r
BoAoxpaHH/rHuIe
noA
BJII,I'IIII{C[,T TCIIJIbIX
BOA 6AftXA.NA CPEAHN'T IIPO/IOJIX{I{TCJIbIIOCTb
JICAO.
crarla B
pa3/rr{qlrbIX
nyrrr(Tax cocraB,'rner
2-5
N{ec.
I{a BoAoxpaHLrrrHu{ax Enponel'rcKofi
repprlropHH
CCCP
nlpo4oJr-
)Kr.rre.rrr,rrocrb
JteAocraBa HsMeHsercn
or 6 Mec rra I(arucxortl
H Pu6uu-
cKorv{
BoAoxparrH/rr.ru{ax
Ao
2-3
rvrec rra
ArrcrpoBcr(rrx
H
fly6occap-
cKoM.
FIa 6o.n r,ruurrcrBe BoJrlr(cKIrx
Bo/toxpa rrrrJlrrur
ttpoAoJrx<r.ITeJIb-
rrocrb JreAocraBa 4--5
Mec.
Halruerrrrrusfl npoAoJrlKHTeJrbHocrb
JrcAocraBa rra BoAoxpar-ruJruulax Cpe,qrrefi
Asurr
l-2
Mec,
ga
HcI(JIIOqCIIHeM BIrlCOKO|OpllbIX
BOAOXpaTIIIJIIIUI,
Ha
I{OTOpblx
JIeAOCTaB
Ha6nroAaercfl
3-4
Mec.
B
coorBeTcrBHH
c
AaHHbTMLI
o nlpoAo,nxnTcJrbHocrH
JreAocraBa
rrapacrarrlrc
roJrulHHril JrbAa lra BoAoxparrHflHuax [poHcxoAHT
B
Ter{e-
Hrre uon6pn-Mapra,
(crur.
ra6il. 5.7).
Hau6o.nbluafl,
rro
cpeAHHM
8t{i
3irtiir
r
Nr lo7