Домбровский В.В., Дукштау А.А., Пинский Г.Б. Гидрогенераторы

uIJIrtqa, paBHa

HyJrlo, a B

npope3H

(unHue)

urupuuoli

b,

-

nocro-

flHHa

H

paBHa

H*:

-(l

ly"o)

dAl0r: I

lb,.

BupalKeHHe

AJrtl

npoBoAIrMocrH

rroroKocuennesHfi

paccerrr{Hfl

KpyrJrorq.nasa

npr.rBeAerro B

ra6n.

2-2.

llone

pacceqHllfl

"[o6oertx

.Iacrer?

o6naorr<u

craropa,

a rar(]Ke

4enanQepuor?

o6uorNH

llBJlflercfl

IlpocrpaHcrBeHHbrM,

14 ero pacr{er

rtpeAcraBJlfler

HBBecrHbIe

rpyAHocrH.

flpaxruqecKHe

H3MepeHufl

no-

3BOJIf

IOT

yCTaHOBHTb

XapaKTep

gTOfO

rroJrfl,

Bbr38aHHOfO

COCTIIB-

,'IflIOU{HMIt

TOKa,

IIpOTeKaIOU{HMH

BAOJIb

OCH

MalIIHHbI

H B TaHfeHI],tI-

aJIbHoM

HanpaB,rIeHHLI.

llo,ne,

o6pasoeaHHoe

oceBbrMH

cocraBJrrrrc-

u{r{MH

TOKa,

B npHHIIHne

ilOAO6HO

nOJTIO

B

3a3ope,

HO

3HarreHHf

uu,ayxqufi

cyu{ecrBegHo

HH}Ke.

[one,

o6pasonaHHoe

raHreHuvaJrb-

gofi

cocraBJIqlouefi

ToKa,

aHarorurrHo

B IIepBoM

npu6"rrnx

eHHH

noJIIo

npoBoAa,

pac[oJlo>KeHHoro

s6nueu

noBepxHocru

crailr4. Ta-

Koe ynpou{eHlle

Aaer

Bo3Mo)KHocrb

noryqurb

SopMyJrbr

AJrr

rrpoBo-

Aauocrefi

pacceflHr.rff

ro6oetrx uacrefi,

rrpHBeAeHHbre

B ra6n-. 2-2.

Tax

xax

o6rt,Iuo

HHAyKTLrBHocrb

,[o6osoft

qacru

cocraBJrfler

orHo-

cHTeJIbHo

He6o.rlblxyrc

AoJIIo

o6ufeli

HHAyKTHBHocTH,

outw6xa

B

pac-

qere,

BbI3BaHHafl

npu6"rruxeHHofi

xapruuofi

noJrfi,

noJrox(eHHoir

B efo

ocHoBy,

He

Bbr3brBaer

cyu{ecrBeHHor?

rrofpelrrHocrH.

@opnay.rru

AJrr

HHAyKTI{BHbrx

conporu

sneuufr pacceflHufl

cra-

TOpa

x7,

poroPa

4

u

4erranQepnofi

cHcreMbr

xna,

xhq,

noJrHbrx

conpo-

THBJIeHHfi

no

npo4o"nluofi

u nonepeqHori

ocflM

xa H xq, tTonrHoro

co-

nporl{BJleHHfl

O6UOrxu

poropa

xft,

a TaKx{e

A/rfl

aKrHBHbrx

coflpo-

rHereHHfI

o6morox

B

a6co.nrorHblx

H

orHocaTeJrbHbrx

eAHHHqax v,

r,Jrfl

rrocroflHHbrx

BpeMeHH

saryxaHHfl

TOKOB

B

HHX npl{BeAeHbr

e

ra6n.

2-3

u 2-4.

2-2.

npnF,nwKEHHbtN

yr{ET

HACbtU{EHV1fl

llpu6.rluxeHurtli

yr{er

HacbluleHr{fl

npu pacr{ere

noJrff

H

xapaKTe-

pHcrHK

fHApOreHeparopoB

ocyu{ecrBJrflercf

Ha

npaKTHKe

C nO-

MOU{b}O

CXeMbr SaMeilreHHs

(puc.

2-10)

,

aHaJroruqHorl

cxeMe

3a-

Meu{eHHfl

HeHacbrulesHor?

MaIrrHHbr,

rroKa3asHofi

Ha

pwc.

2-2.

B or-

JIHqHe

or

cxeMbl

pl{c.

2-2

MafHHTHbre

conporuBJreHr.rfl yqacTKoB

craJlbHoro

cepAerIHHKa

gAecb

He

paBHbr

HyJrro.

Pacqer

MarHlrrHoro

[oroKa

e taxofi

cucreMe Ha

[paKTHKe

nponsBoAraTcfl

rpaSHuecKHM

nocrpoeHpIeM,

efo

MeroAuKa

H38ecrHa.

llo4uepKHeM

HecKoJrbKo

oco6euHocrefi

pacrrera

xapaKTepHcrHKr.r

xoJrocroro

xoAa

(x.x.x.)

-

xpueor?

HaMarHHrrHBaHHfl

MalraHbr

co

cropoHbr

poropa.

O6nt.IHo

rtpu

pacrlere

x.x.x.

npeHe6peraror

noroKoM,

saMbrKaro-

IIIHMCfl

nO

BeTBH

Rl,

TaK KaK

OH

npOnOpUHoHaJIeH

conpoTHBJIeHHIo

h/

f(rd,

ooycJIoBJIeHHO-My

HaCbIIrIeHr{eM

cepAerIHHKa

craTopa, r{ npaK-

TI'IqecKI{

HeBeJII{K.

MarsHTHafl

npoBoAuMocrb

AJrff

uonepeuHoro

no-

roKa

B

na3ax

craropa

npn nos6yxAeHHr.r

noJrfl

poropoM

cocraB-

JIfler

polth"l

(qb"),

rrpn

nos6yx4eHHr{

co cropoHbr

craropa

-

32

trtolth"l

(2qb").

OAnaxo

AJrfl

AocrHX{eHHfl rorrHocrrr

pacqera

npH

3HaqHTeJIbHoM

Hacbtu{eHHH

c"rrcAoBaJro

6u,

yuecrt

.H

gror

noror{.

llpaKrt{qecKu

x.x.x.

cTporrrcfl

no

cocran.nnrculuu.

3aAasascr

noro-

Kor4

B sy6qax

H cnHHKe

craropa

(conpornBJreHrae

Rra), crpoHM,

KaK

noKa3a

Ho Ha

pI9:

2-l

l, KpHByro

0)o

(F

"*

F

r)

,

rAe

F

o

H

F,

_

MAC

Ha

gTHHKy

H

MAC

Ha

sy6uur.

llpoeeAq

3areM

xapaKrepucrlrKy

@o,

(F"*f

,)

B BHAe nparvroli

(np,u

He6onlruorra

noilepeqHoM

noror{e

Hacbtu{eHHe

He

yqr.ITbulaercr)

us HaqaJra

KoopAHHar

rr

cKJraAb,rBar{

t)

Rza

fna

Rad

ARod

Rta

a:1r

Otk{

Arrt

Puc.

2-10.

MarnHTHaR (a)

u

sreKTp'rrecKar

(6)

cxeubr

3aMeureHr.rfl

HacuuteHsoft

cnHxpoHHofi

I,rauruurr

ee'opAHHarbI

c

coorBeTCTeyrcii{r.rMH

opAHHaraMH

nepnori

xpueori,

l9ry_'rHrt{

3aBHCLTMOCTb

rroroKa,

BXOAfrrIero

B

sy6qonyro

3oHy,

or

MAC:

(D6

-

(Do

*

Oo

r

:l

(Fr*

Fr).

Ha

npaKrnxe,.

_rroBlopfleM,

o6srqHo

3aB,cuMocrb

@"(F"+Fr)

lr

3aBucHMocrb

Oo

(F"*

F")

.cqurarorcr

oAHHaKoBbrMH.

Ario

-pr",reru

x.x.x-

9To

Ao[yuIeHI{e

He

npHHocHr

c}/iuecrBenuofi

nofpe[rHocrlr,

a

AJrn

pacqera

roKa

BHe3arIHOrO

KOpOTKO|O

3aMbrKaHLlfl,

XaX

SyAer

noKa3aHo

HHlKe,

MolKer

6urt

yqreHo

cneur{aJrbubrr.r

noaQQiluH-

EHTOM.

a6cqlrccu

xapaKrepHcruK

iiatr{arHrtqHBaitufl

,1.1t cTa-

').>

r)r),

_

llponets

npsMyro

06(.F6)

u

cJroxHB

Oo

(Fr+F.)

n

Qlo

(.Fo

)

,

rio,,'rfeirM

KpHByro

2

3artas

JVe

910

,(1

F

'ocr

R,

oq

Rxq

.arr

r7

,ar*al

tad

.

trral

rkt

Cta{

Lr,2q

t1

o't,',,nl

Topa. A6cqraccrr

grori

xpuaofi cyrb

pa3Hocrl{

MarHLIrHbIx

IIoreHI{LIa-

JIOB

MelKAy

COCeAHHMH

noJllocaMH.

Broprrrrn

o6UenPHHffTbIM

Aonyu,eHueM

npu

pacqere

x.x.X.

flB-

Jrflercfl

npeHe6pelKeHue

Hacbru{eHueM

noJlloca npu

onpeAeJIeHHI{

ro-

ToKa

pacceflHug. I4gaqe

foBopfl, ctluTaercq,

qro

He3aBIICLIMo

oT Ha-

cbruleHHfl

noJrroca

[poBoAHMOCTb

AJIfl

IIOTOKa

pacceflHl{f

nOCTOflHHa.

flpoeear

qepe3

Har{arlo

KoopAI{Har

npflMyto

Oor:

I

({o*

F"*

+F"):f

(F>),

oilpeAeJIHM

no

Hefi

4llt

HecKoJIbKIIx

roqg11

(po2

I{

llo

orAeJrbHo

nocrpoesuofi

xpunofi

Q,.(F^)

satiAevl

MAC Ha

ilorroc-

Qr(Fr)

l*.

12"J,[;'o

a

u

(

rg,

*

r,)

Qofo-+fz)

*6

(f

6+

So+

f"

*

fr)

Qor(Fo+f)

3\

b

v4

*ot(ro:ro*r"*orrr)

Ret

Prac. 2-Il.

floctpoeHue

xapaKTepLIcrHKH

HaMafHI.IqHBaHvl

(x.x.x.)

HyIO CHCTeMy,

CooTBeTcTByIOUyrc

noJIHOMy

IIOTOK-y

B

IOJIIOCaX:

Q*:

@o

*

Q:n.

Croxue

c

a6cquccaMn

ToqeK

xpnnofi

HaMafHHtII'IBa-

HHfl. CTaTOp

a COOTBSTCTByIOUIHe

F

*,

nOIytIHM

TOTIKH

X.X.X.

:

@o:t(F"*F"*Fo+F*\.

VrouHeuuR,

Koropble

6u.nu

cAeJIaHbI

B

pacrleTe X.X.X.'

cBoAtircfl

K ToMy,

r{To

B

BecbMa

BbIcoKoHcrroJIb3oBaHHbIX

feHeparopax

ueo(r-

xoAHMo

yrrurbrBa6:

a) HacbruleHue

Kpafl

noJllocHoro

6aruu

aKa, oco-

6eugo

B

cfiyqae

oc.na6JreHnfl

efo

ceqeHl,Ifl

4enauQepHblM

creplKHeM;

'6)

HsMeHeHHe

npoBoAHMocrI{

rloroKa

pacceflHl{fl

BcJIeAcrBHe

Hacbl-

ilIeHgfl; e)

HsrtreHenue

Soprvrrr

noJIff BcJIeAcrBHe

HacbluleHufl

5a-

{IIMAKA.

Vr{er

HacbruleHl{ff

noflIocHoro

6aruuaxa

cocrol,IT

B BbiqHcJIeHHH

ero

MAC,

T. e.

naAeHHfl

MarHl,rrHoro

noTeHIIHaJIa

BAoJIb

Kpo_MK_I1.

Ans

erofo

B

rpex cetreHr.rrx

I-lll

noJlloct{oro

6aruMaKa

(pnrc.2-I2)

'34

cr|

el

eo

€'

/:

filfo+J,

1

{

I

HaxoAHM

MarHHTHtrri

noroK,

paBHbrfi

noroNy,

BXOAflUTeMy

B

3a3op

cTaTop,

@Oo,

H IIOTOKy

paCceflHLrfl

@pi

O

:

Oou

*

Opr

-

0,5(Do (l

-

kx)

+

0,5(D6xfr

x*

F

zl *EL

ot,

rAexuIcocraBJrrror:

,,

b

^JI

X:Sl[1

"

-Sln

2t

Aflrr

ceqeHVfl

II

h-

x:Si

n"P"

-sin

2r

Arr

ceqeHHfl

III

(b^*

ap)

n

.

2r'

E:

I

-0/

ln

Il

I

nq.pl(2C

p)l

l*?rpt

Pvc.

2-12.

K

pacqery

npoBoAr{Mocru

pac-

CCffHH'

IOJIIOCOB

x-0;

E:l-0,4X

ln

(l

*

naplC

p)

B

pex<ranr

:Y^""roro

xoAa

noroK

(D6

npoilopqHoHaJreH

Hanprx<eHnro,

a

F>:Fo*

*Fr*FO

-

MarHr4THON,ly

co-

nporr.rBJreHaro

craropa.

B

oc_

TaJIbHbIX

pelKHMax

rroroK

(D6

IlporlopqHoHaJ-IeH

npoeKr{HH

nHyrpeHHeri

3AC

Ha

npo_

AO,'IbHyIO

OCb.

Paccqttrae

r,Jrn

HecKo,,'rb-

KHx

Harrpflx{eHHri

3HarreHHfl

noToKa

H

UHAyKT{Hr.r

Brpex

cerleHHqx

noJrrocHoto

6aru_

MaKa,

yAe,'rbHyro

MAC

ro

rpeM

ceqeHHffM

H

[oJrHyro

MAC

LFo

o,

onpeAeJraM

AJrr_

Na>x4ofi

TOqKH

(<Hacbru{eHHoe)>

3HaqeHHe

npoBoAHMOCTH

pacceflHaq

?v

pr

"

:

)r

r1F

2l

(F,*

A Fro)

(2-

18)

H

nocrpoHM

Kpr'lByro

ooz

:

f

t

(r"

)

nuecro

npnrraoii

Ha

puc.

2-l

|

.

I-Ipt

sroM

6y,aer

yrrreHo

yMeHbrxeHue

O";

u

F*.

Aua.nornqHo

Mox(Ho

yqecrb

I{sMeHeHHe

QopMbl

IIoJIfl

B

sasope,

ilocrpoeHHoro

Ha

ocHoBaHHU

AUpaxeHHfl

Bo

(x)

-

Bo

-6/6,.

HacsluteHue

KpoMKH

noJllocuoro

6aurnaaxa,

KaK

ycraHoBJreHo

4.

14.

KrefiuuaH,

craHoB'rcfl

3aMerHbrM

JrHrrrb

rrp'

HHAyKuHqx

B

CeqeHHrx

KpoMKH

6arunaxa

'60aee

2

T"rr.

flocne

HacbrrqeHlifi

KpoMKH

KpHBafl

fioJrfl

npeBpau{aeTcf

B

Tpaner{Hro

c

ocHoBaHUffrupr

u777

H op'

llogTOMy

ocHoBHafl

rapMoHHr{ecKaf

noJrfl

6yler

cocTaB-

JIflTb

/

(2-

1e)

35

X

2*

B

t

*:

(4/n)

sin

(aoa

h)

B6l(arxh),

r{ KoaQQHuHeHr

Qopun

h6:

rAe

dt(

-

fr,

1t-b,

a

In

0

(x)

dx

(rr

- q.* -

p)

(p

-

a) n

8

(sin p

-

sin

a*)

'

(2-20)

noroKy

MAC

(2-2t)

T

J

0

81@)

dx

6)

/(2r);

p*n (r-b*)l(2r).

B

"nrc6ona

ApyroM

pelKHMe

HacbrureHHe

Mo)Ker 6ttrs

yqreHo

c

noMoulbro

rr,rarguruofi

H cooTBercreyrouletl

efi 3JIeKTpHqecxoft

cxeM 3aMeuIeHHf,,

noKa3aHHbIX

Ha

pnc. 2-10.

l.ng^

KaN(Aoro

pe)KHMa

pa6oru Ha onpeAe/IeHHoe

nocroflHIIoe

BHe[IHee conporHBJIeHHe

ze:

r:t*

jx"

noroK B 3a3ope

3aBHcHT

ToJrbKo

pT

ToKa sos6yxAeHHfl

H,

'cJIeAoBareJIbHo,

c)rulecrByeT

KpI4-

san

(D6(F2r*

F*),

noAo6safl

x.x.x.

Ee HasrtBalor

xapaKr_e_pHcrl'tNoft

rraarHuiHofi

Uenu

trJI'

!'aHHoro

BHeIrIHefo conpoTHB,rIeHHn.

KpafiuuuH

JrHHLrfl.MLr s

ceMel?crBe

raKHX xapaKTepncruK

6y4yr

KpHBafl HaMar-

HktqHBaHHfl,

CTaTOpa,

KOTOpafl

COoTBeTCTByeT

noJIHOCTbIO

HeHaCbI-

u{eHHoMy

poropy,

rITo

HMeer

Mecro

npH euxocruofi

Harpy3Ke,

rt

KpHBar rrpn

zs:O

-MarHHTHafl,

xapaKTepncrnKa

npu

ycraHoBHB-

uleMcfl

KoporKoM

3aMbrKaH:aH.

flpn

orHocHTe,'IbHo

c.na6ovt

Hacblure-

HHH

poropa

Bce

srn

Kpr{Bbre

6nusxu

Me)KAy

co6oli,

qro

no3BoJlfler

Ira

[paKTHKe

noJlb3oBaTbcfl

OAuofi

xpueori Xo,locTOrO

XOAa

(Zr:-)

c nonpaexofi

Ha

noBbrlrreHHoe

HacbIU{eHHe

IIoJIIoca

B

pex(HMe HH-

.ayxrueHofi

r4Itr4 cueruasHofi

HarpysKl{,

eeoAuN{oI? c

noMoulblo

}IH-

.u,yKTHBHoro

co[porHBJIeHHq

florle.

'

Paccivrorpr{M nocrpoeHue

xapaKTepncruKr

MarHHTHofi

qenu

upl'l

r{Hcro

r{HAyKrr{eHofi

Harpysxe

ze:

jxs

(puc.

2-I3). flocrpoHe

xa-

paKrepr{crHKy

AJrf

craropa

(Do:

f

e

"*

F=*

Fo):

f

(F"),

'onpeAeJIHB

IIo Hefi

MA,C

F

"

,

cooTBercrBylolUyrc

AaHHoMy

B

3a3ope,

oTJIOx{HM

oT

ToqKH

F>

BnpaBO

no ocn

a6cqucc

npoAoJltHofi

peaKqHH flKopfl

F

ad:

F

eka:2,l,2lakrkalp

.

'TorAa

cyMMa

Foa*Fz

6y4er

pe3yJlbrupyloqeli

MAC,

ro

xoropoli

c

noMoulblo KpHBofi

Oo2(F)

safiAeu

noroK

pa_cceflHHq

(Doz

H

!?1oI

B noJrroce

@zn:Oo*Ooz,

a

IIo

HeMy

-

MAC

F*.

flo.nsas

MAC

MarHarHoro

conpornBJleHufl

cocraBuT

F>

+

F*.

O:aa

6y4er

6o"nstue,

'qeM

B

cflyqae

xoJlocTofo

xoAa,

TaK

KaK tIpH

yBeIHr{eHHH

noToKa

p

accenuur

(Doz

3a cr{er

MAC

Fa6

JBeIHtIHBaIoTcfl

nonultft

no'toK

n HacblureHue

noJlloca,

T. e.

pacrer F--

floctporae

KpHByIo

tDo(F"

-pF-),

Mox(Ho onpeAeJII'Irb

tlo

ueu

MAC

*i.s"t"ofi

q-enfi,

cborsercrBylollryrc

HanPflx(eHHIo

U,

rouy

I

u

raK

Ha3blBaenaofi

BHyrpeHHefI

3AC

€t:

U

*

I

n.

B

paccMaTpHBaeMona

bnyvae,

T. e.

ilpH

qncro

I{HAyKrI{eH-o-fi ga-

,rpysKe,

feoMeTpl{rlegKafl

cyMMa

paBHa

a,nre6pauqecKofi:

ei:

U

*

[

xr,

T/{e

.fl

-

HHAYKTHBHOe

COnpoTHBJIeHHe

paCCeflHHq cTaTopa.

36

E

nn

ynpoueHnfl

pacqeroB

florre

npeAJro>KHJr

eule

B

l

g00

r.

BMeCTO

XapaKTepHcrHKH

UarHUrHOfi

UenH

AJrn

AaHHO|O

Ze

HCnOJrb-

3oBarb

KpHByro

xoJrocroro

xoAa,

Ho

onpeAeJrflrb

MAC

He no

€i,

B

IIO €pl

r[e

Xp

-

HHIyKTHBHOO

conpoTHBJIeHHe

flOrre

i Xe]xt.

Ha

puc.

2-13

noKa3aHa

pa3Hr{ua

Me}K4y

x1

t4 xp.

Korollafi

3aBr{-

cI{T

oT crerleHr{

HacbIUIeHHfl

noJIIOcoB.

O6rrqrio

npI{HHMaTOT

Xp=

:0,8

x'd.

-

azEr)

Q6fo+6t1

x.x.x.Q6

i"qu(rr);o<zs<q

forrt

Pnc.

2-13.

flocrpoeuue

xapaKrepHcrnKu

uarunrHofi

r{ern

npn

HHAyKrr{Buofi

ua-

rpy3I(e

Pac.Ier

uaruursofi

xapaKTepHcrHKH

AJrn

cueruauuofi

Harpy3KH

HecI(oJIbKO

CJrOX(Hee,

TaK KaK

SAeCb HaAO

vrrHTbrBaTb

HacbltueHHe

or rronepeuuofl

MAC

Faq.

-

,

_Ec"nH

saAaHa

BHerrrHflfl.

Harpy3Ka za:Ra

*

jx"

(nprr

3roM coS

g:

:Rrlx"),

To,

o[peAeJrvB

€il

(2-22)

Kar( noKa3aHo

Ha

pHc.

2-14,

u

saftAs

knr(er)

:

(Fo*

Fr)

lFo,

MolKHo

npa6nux{eHHo

onpeAeJIHTb

3aBHcuMocrb

[onepeqHoro

cuHxpoHHofo

HHAyxraBHoro

conporuBJleHufi

or

Harpy3KH.

Ha

prlc.

2-14

Aaua

sa-

BHcHMocrs

xonnf

I

ae:t

@).

TorAa

xqs:

xt*xoqr.

flolreyflcb <<HacbIU{eHHbI[,I)>

3HaqeHHeM

xqn,

HaxoAHM

yroJr

BHyr..

peHHero

cABHra

/.rqH

cos

e

(2-23)

37

4

6p

:U

+7

*o,

fad+Fz

fe

<\f

s"i

Qn

ll

I

itr

I

lFn

0

-_

arcsin

(lxqu)z

|

2lxqnU

cos

q

+

(U

cos

q)2

H noJrHbtfi

ynoJl

S:0*q

u

crponM,

KaK

noKa3aHo

Ha

pnc.

2-15.

npoAoJlbr{yrc

ocb

eq:

€q:

U cos

0

-y

I xtsin

(0* q).

npH6"nuxeHHo coorBercrByer

noroK noA

ueHTpoM

A Ha

puc. 2-15). /j..ns ilpoBepKn npaBnrrbr{ocrrr

or-

npoeKqHro

€.t

He

3rofi

3AC

noJrroca (rouxa

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0 1,2

1,+ 1,6 l,g 2,0 2,2

2,4

o.

Puc. 2-14.

Onpeae.rreurre

xoq

u

no

BHyrpeuserl

3AC

peAeJreHufl

xaqtt

(uro

rpe6yercr

He ecer4a)

orKJIaAbIBaeM

B o6e

cTopoHbr

or

rorrKr.r

A Ha

xpunor? HaMafHr{rryrBaHufl,

AJrn

craTopa.

MAC

^Fonsin

$

H HaxoAIaM

rotlKH Bzv

BrHa

srofi xpueofi,

a

raK)Ke

2

Pac.

2-15. flocrpoenr{e

MarHl{rnofi xapaKTepl.IcruKr4 npr{

cneruanuofi Harpy3Ke

TorrKy B

Ha

ee flpflMoJruHefiHofi

rlacrn.

<<HacrtureHHoe>>

sHar{eHLIe

xaq

cocraBJlfer

xaqH

:

xad(l

+

ki

[kt(B'

*

B

r)l

(28)

+

kzll2, (2-24\

rAe

ftr

kr

kz

orpeAeJlslorcfl

no

pHc.

2-7,6.

flp,

cHJIbHo HacbIIIIeHHoM

cepAetrnnKe noJrloca

nepeufi

qJIeH

B KBaAparHbrx

cro6xax

Ao/rxieH

6rtrs

ganucaH

B BHAe

(Br-

B)'

Fo*F

*.Fo

l

0r8

-Q6fo*Fr*F-*i5)

Er&*@

'-

&Itr

raqStn

,

3B

k,f

2n'n,

-LB(Br*BJ

+

2(Bt+ BJ

Fo* Fr* Fo*

F*

(2-25)

te

t

F

t,

llpra

HeHacbIUreHHoM

noJIIocHoM

6aurnnaKe,

Ho

HacbrrrreHHoM

cep-

IeqHHKe,

oI{ He Mo}Ker

6ttru

MeHbIUe

2BrB2

(2-26\

B

(Br*

Bz)

llpu

HacblU{eHHot? KpoMKe

norlocHoro

6aruuaxa

3aBHcuMocrb

xoq

or F"q.lYxHo

onpeAe",.lttrb roqHbrM

pacqeroM

no,,'rs.'C

nepuruHol.i

B roqr€

A',

xoropofi

coorBercrBlrer

no

xapar{TepHcruKe

xo,rrocroro

;'o-ra

3AC

en*L,e:en*

l-c-osan

Br-B'u

I

Jr 28

*ag'q'

cjpouM

rpeyroJlbHr4K__KoporKoro

,3aMbrKaHJ.rfl

co

cropoHaMn

Ixt

14

F

od,

no

cyMMapuofi

MAC

onpeAe,'rreM

noiox paccenHun @oz,

no-

rori

B

KopHe

noJrroca

u MilC F"r.

Eclu

no

puc.

2-14

nocrponM

3a-

BHCHMOCTb

Xaqn

OT

I, TO,

nepeMerrlafl

iro xpueori

HaMafHHuHBaHHfl

A.ns

craropa

rpeyroJrbHuK

co

cropoH&Mr:t Ia

14

Ialxt*xa*rzrl

(xr+

*

xoqrrf,

uafip,ew

@*,

Fz

ra nocrpol4M

KpHByIO

HaMafHHqHB

aH:l-fl

Ma-

luHHbI

rIpH

nocroflHHqM

BHeIIIH€M

corIporHBJIeHHH

Za:Rs

*

ix"

Ha

3alKHMaX.

Hacuu{eHr.re

B

.nepexoAHoM

npoqecce

Mo>KHo

raK}Ke

yqecrb

npa-

6.naxeHHbIM

MeroAoM.

Ans

grofo

HcnoJrb3yercfl

nocrpoenue,

npe,u,-

craBJIeHHoe

Ha

pgc.

2-16

AJrr

BHe3anHoro

KoporKoro

3aMbrKaHvfl.

Ha

puc.

2-16,

o noKa3aHo rpaQuvecKoe

HaxolKAeHHe

roKa

Ko-

porKofo-3aMbIKaHVf

npH

OTCyTCTBT{H

HacbruleHHfl

B

coorBercrBHH

co

cxeMori

puc.

.2-2.

Ans

MaITIHHbI

6es

AeMnQepHofi

o6uorNu

cHMMerpnqHafl

cocraB-

JIf

IOIIIafl

TOKa

BHe3anHOfO

KOpOTKOTO

3aMbrKaHHfl

OnpeAeJrf e'rcfl

npH ycJIoBHI{,

qro

IIoJIHbIe noroKocl{enJleHllfl

poropa-

\Pif

e nepetrfi

MOMCHT

HCH3MCHHbI:

vf;o

:

Voo (xr

*

xol)lx):

CoflSt.

3lecr

Vlro

:

Io(xt*

xaa), rA€ .16

-

roK poropa;

Voo

-

noroKocUer-

JIeHHe

o6naorxu

craropa:

'Voo

:

I

oxaa.

kr

floc.ne

BHe3anHoro

KoporKoro

3aMbrKaHHfl

B

cxeuofi

"3aMeureHHr,

noroKocr{enJreHr.re-

o6uorxn

Baercfl

H3

rroroKocuen.nesufi

pacceflHHfl

poropa

ur'

r

o"1.

COOTBCTCTBHH

CO

poTopa

cKJraAbr-

Voz

vI

CTaTOpa

Vrf

-

Yoz

*

Vo,

:

I'

xt

*

I'

x*

oal(xt

*

x

oa)

:

I'

I++

xpo6l(xs+

xr,)|.

orcIloAa,

npHpaBHHBafl

vffo

:v'fl,

nO,Tryr{HM

Bbrpax{eHr.re

AJrt{

ToKa

poropa:

rt_,

(rf*xoi@t*x"d

r

,oT.:ro

"

xf (xt

*

xod

*

xqoa

Bcnnecr

roKa poropa

.cocraB_HT

/q

(Xo-X'o)lX'0,

a

roK

craropa

(e

rraacrura6e

roKa

poropa)

i'd:lsxa6f

x'6.

xt

*

xaa

.. 1

xfxad

^l

-T

xS

1_

xad

_l

xd

-'0

r'

Xs

u

39

Ans

rpaSuuecKoro nocrpoeHnfl

HyxHo

Harreprr.trb

KpHBylo

Ha-

MarHHtIHBaHHr,_

BblpaxaeMylo

LJrn

HeHacbru{eHHoli

MaIrIHHbr

ypaB-

g.eHHeM

\F0

:

Ixoa,

KpHByIO

nOTOKOCqenneuafi

pacceflHHfl

poropa

Yoz:lxr

!o,

'Il

r

+kn

6i

Iqd-A

t+kut

td

v

,)

6)

Id

Ft

s

tJ

eh

"T

,ffi

'*f

:m,

ld

!o,

Puc.

2'16.

fpa$uvecrufi

pacuer

roKa BHe3anHofo

KoporKoro

3arubrKarrrrfl:

6ea

yuera

HacbruleHufli 6-

c

yqeToM

Hacbru{eHnfl

H

SpHByro

noroKocqennesuri

KoporKo3a

MKHyrofo

craropa

V'o1

:

-

I

x1xo6l

(xt*

{oa)

.

Ha,IarnHble

IIoroKocI{enJIeHHfl poropa

ilpH

xoJrocroM

xoAe

coor-

BeTCTByTOT

Hanpflx{eHHIO

uo

U

COCTaBJTflTOT

Vfio_

Io@ttxa).

40

.$-

tl

s

i';:rl

{

I

Sror

BeKTop

c

KoHr{oM

B roqKe

A

noKa3aH

Ha

pHc.

2-16,

a.

I-Ioc"rle r(oporKoro

3aMbrKaHHq oH

nepeMeu{aercfl

Ha

/l4atpaMMe

Bnpago

raK,

qro

efo

KoHubI

onuparorcfi

r{a

KpuBbre

Ixt

Lr

Ix,X

Xx"al(xr+ xad).

f,Iv,uun, npoBeAeHHar

H3 KoHua

aroro BeKropa

na-

par.re"rrbHo

ocr.r

a6cqrlcc

(or

rouxA C),

Aaer

3HaqeHr{e

nepexoAHoro

TOr{a

i'd,

orpe3or{

oE

-

3HaqeHHe

nepexoAHofo

roKa poropa

(6es

yqera

a{repHoAa.{ecNori

cocraeJsrouefi

)

.

Ana.r'lorHrIH\/Io

/.?el?a

lvl\,{\/

Ivto}KHO

[OCTpOIirb

Ir

l"I-fl

]lacbilllcH-

riori

vauHHbr (pHc.

2-16,

6).

Buaqa.ne paccMorpHM

c.nyuat?,

KorAa

HacbrureH

ToJrbr{o

crarop.

Jfocrpouu

KpHByro

HaMaTHHqHB

aHVr

nilr

craropa

Oo:

f e"j-

*Fr*F6)

c

yr{eroM

orBerBJIeHuq

qacrn

noroKa

B

HanpaBJreHHH,

[onepeqHoM

na3aM,

BcJIeAcrBHe

HacbruleHHfl

sy6qon

u

cnHHKr{

(qe-

pe3

conporHBJIeHHe

Rr).

3ra

nonpaBKa

HeBeJrHKa,

Ho vBe/rHqH-

Baercfl

c

pocroM

Hacbru{eHrfl.

VpaeHeuue

arofi

xpHeofi BMecro

Vo:

Ixoa

6y:ter renepb

3anucaHo

cJreAyrou{HM

o6paaorta:

x1

I

*,tsr

Vo:

Ixoa

x

arl

:

Ixo6l(l

*ft"r),

(2-27)

xd

l*

krr

xad

rAe

ft,rr

:

(Fu+

Fr)

lF6.

Tax

>xe KaK

u

r\Jrn

HeHacbruleHHor?

MaIrHHbr,

crpouM

xpHnrre

/x1

u

lxlxo6l

(xr+xad.)

(puc.

2-16,6\

r{

HaxoAHM

roK

I'J

w

i'a.

JIerKo

no-

Ka3arb,

rrro

raK.

Ha3brBaeMbre

3AC

3a nep.exoAHbrM

HJrrl

cBepxnepe-

xoAHbIM

HHAyKTHBHbIM

colporIlBJIeHHeM

€'6

Lr

e"d

c

yqeroM

Hacbr-

IrIeHr.rs

cepAeqHuKa

craropa orpeAeJrfrcq

cJreAyrouluM

o6paaon,t:

/ *'-\

)

(l*fr"r)f tnk"r*o

) |

el,:(Uro+laox)

\

xa,'t

' '

r I

l{

kwt

r-4-

'

+

I

ao

\xa

-

n);

l.

xad

*

k"t

(2-28)

r

U

3HAqCHI{fl TOKOB

llper

sroM

or noneii

ear:

(U

oo

-r

I

aoxt)

IIprn I

ao:A

(xo.rrocrofi

*lao(r')-r,).

*kn,#)

('

xoa)

";

\.

ul-

f

r

xad

/

e6,:Urr(I+k

(1

*

ft"r)

*)

xd

I

*Anr

xad

ean:

od,

.o

,

i

L6:

xdn

14

X.'

dn

]rr{ItTbIBaeTCfl

TOJIbKO

HaCbIUIeHI4e

Hlrx<e).

L{ro6rrr

vqecrb

HacbruleHne

no-

,

*(,

t)^

L4:

xdn

B

p&crl€Te

f/4s

pacceflHrlfi

(crr,r.

4l

Домбровский В.В., Дукштау А.А., Пинский Г.Б. Гидрогенераторы

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.