Домбровский В.В., Дукштау А.А., Пинский Г.Б. Гидрогенераторы

npocrbrM.

,II,nq

Heycrat{oBHBlrlerocfl

pex{HMa HMeeM

B

cHcrel\'{e eAH-

H Hq CI4

t

dt

a l3 , -\

|

-343-r

uy

3-f

l

--

x*rrlta:------:--in'cosa

2LU,

(15-18)

dt

\n

*

n

f.I.e

Lt

-

HHAyKrr.rBr{ocrb

o6vorxH

Bo36yx{AellHfl

fH:lPoreHeparopa.

I4s nocreAHero

paBeHcrBa

BHAHo,

tITo

IIocroflHHaf

BpeMel{l'i

UeilH

eoa6yxleHllr

'r

r

do-

Ha,rHr{He

HHAyKTHBHbTx

cottporHBretit4ll

rt

nporeKaHne

no HHNI

TOKOB

ITpHBOAHT

K CHH)KeHHIO

CpeAHefo

3HarIeHHs

BbliIpqMJeHIIofo

Harpfl)KeHHrr.

floarovy

UHAyKTLIBHoe

cofiporHBr'leHHe

BcttoMora-

TeJrbHoro

reHepaTopa

cyMMupyeTcfl

He reoMeTpnqecKH,

a apuQue-

THqecKH

c

oMHqecKHM

conpoTHBJIeHI'IeM

o6MorKH

Bo36yX(AeHIlfl.

Ec"nu cTe[eHb

HacbIUIeHHn

uarnursofi

UenH

rHAporeHeparopa

B npouecce

nepexoAHofo

IIpOqeCCa

H3MeHfleTCfl'

TO

B KaqeCTBe

HH-

J,yKTHBHocrH

Ly

cne[yer

npHHHMarb

MrHoBeHHoe

3HaqeHxe

3KBI'iBa-

.reHrnofi

HHAyKTHBHocTH

o6uorxu

Bo36yx{AeHHq.

B

3roM

cryqae

seo6xoluuo

HMerb 3aBl4cuMocrb

MrHoBeHHoro

3Har{eHHfl

HHAyI{THB-

Hocru or

roKa. TorAa

ypaBHeHHe

(15-18) Mo>Ker

6ltrl

rPeAcras-

JCHO

B

BI4,ITC

LS

,J

rt 4_

-

y

IT

dla

^ l;-

JlJ

E- cos

d-

dt

it

Lrn

\l

o)

*)

,

r--2^(J

,

(15-1e)

rAe

Lrn

-

MrHoBeHHoe

3HatreHne

aKBI{BaleHruofi

HHAyKTHBHOCTH.

Vpaeueurae

(15-19)

lAo6Ho

p€rnfl16

TIHcJIeHHbIM

Mero.r.oM.

B

sx-

eHeareHrHofi

HHAyKTHBHocTH

B o6ueru

cryqae

yqnTblBaercq

BJtr4fl,-

HIle o6uoTKH

cTaropa

LI

AeMnQepuOft

o6uorxu.

SxeusaJleHrHafl

HH-

AyKTHBHocrb

6yaer^

trpH

gTona

-naur"reHrurefi

IIpH

KoporKo3altxHyroit

o6uorxe

craropa.

flpH

6onee

roqnbrx

pacqerax

ycraHoBHBllIHXcfl

v

nepexoAHblx

p.*"tou

pa6ortr cXeM

c

BblnpqMHTeJIflMH

Ilenecoo6pasuo

yqn-rbl-

Barb

aKrHBHbIe

corpoTl{BJleHufl

Ilenefi

nepeMeHHoro

roKa

fPeo.6pa-

3oBareJrefi,

a

raKx(e coflporuBreHnq

coeAI,IHI'ITeJIbHbIX

xa6erefr

Ha

CTopOHe

nepeMeHHoro

H

nOgTOnHHOTO

TOKa.

.COnpOTHBJIeHHfl

xa6e-

n.fi

"u

cropoHe

nocroflHHofo

rbxa

MoryT

6url

Ao6aBIeHbI

K co-

nporHBJreHHro

o6uorxu

Bo36yx(AeHHn,

a conporgB,,'IeHHn

Na6elefr

Ha cTOpOHe

nepeMeHHoro

TOKa

__

x

Qa3HbIM

cOIIpoTHB:rlgHHqM

Bcno-

MorarenbHoro

ie"eparopa.

B

coorBercrBull

c

pa6orori

[20]

Ars

yc-

TaHOBHBIUHXCfl

pex(I{MoB

HMeeM

ua

nlF-

.Jay'J

t\

l3

lrr

-t

-

\]I

o-["

++

31

322

E-

cos

*+(z

-

2n

),7,,-

2^rr,

rAe

r

-

aKTHBHOe

COnpOTHB,,l€llHe

0a3bl

BMeCTe C

cOeAHHI'lTeJrbHL,lM

Ka6eJreM;

rt-

corrporr.rBreHl.re

o6Mortitt

BO36y)KAellllr

BN'lecre

c co-

npOTI.IBi'tet-IHeM

xa6enefi

Ha

CTOpOHe

noCTOflllHoro

TOKa'

'

Arq

rtepexoAHoro

npoUecca

Rlvlecro

ypaBllelll'1fi

(15

1B)

It

(

l5-19)

6yrevr

HMerb

coorBercrBellllo

L,

l+

+

1,'i

-

:-

x

(2

lt:

'

, 1r,,

,

al |

:I

'

2T

'l

nli

J

,1y'.)

fi

E*

cos

a

-2L^U

',

t,

l

(15-20)

i

l5 2l)

T

do--

dta

34{

E*

,J

rt

1

-

X

-

I'

x[

(z-

3t'

\,

\

2n/

cos,,

-ir,l-a

x+

L',

T1

I-rn

(

o)

dt

.

(r-

+),)

r,-2^'r

(15-22'l

VpaeHeHun

(15-17)-(15-22)

Nloryr

6slrs

npHMeHeHL'l

Arn

pac-

qeTa

IIepeXOAHbIX

npOUeCCOB

KaK

npH MaJIblx,

TaK

A 6O;tlurltx

KO'[e-

6asusx.

PaccMoTpHM

B

KaqecrBe

npnMepa

repexoAHoro

Jipoqecca

pe-

xHM

QopcllpoBaHVfl.

eos6yxAeHHfl

rnAporel-Ieparopa'

FcrH

B

ucxoA-

HOM

pe)KHMe

BbrnpqMHTe,rlb

pa6Orarr

c

HoMHHanuHltM

TOI{OM

BO3-

6yxa^eHus

Iasou

r,r

yfJro-M

ynpaBJreHLIfl

cy,

ro

npH

IIepeBoAe

Bblnpfl-

Mr{reJrfl

B

pex(HM

C

o.:0

Hs

ypaBHeHHfl

(15-18)

nor'lyqHM

Jly'.1

E' tl

r-m

\.

-

COS

Cf")

JT

I

d--

I

a

ro*-l

EC.ryIl

cHCTeMa

eOsSyXleHuq

HMeeT

noBbl[IeHHyrO

-KpaTHocTb

QopcupoBalr4n,

ro

"on

"ot6yxae111

-1:!ucraer

Ao

t"=2t"non"

no-

cJe

qero

Bcryfiaer

B

Aeiicrsue

ycrpoficrno

OrpaHHqeHI'{tI

roI(a

Bo3-

6yxaeHuq

B

APB

rJaBHoro

reHeparopa'

B O6Uena

Clyrrae

BMecro

I4HAyKTHBH9gTH

XoJlocroro

XoIa

L7

cxeAyeT

llcnoJlb3oBaTb

gKBHBa.[eHTHyIo

HHAyKTHBHocTb

Lf',

ytIuTbI-

Barouyrc

BJrHflHr.re

3aMKHyrbrx

KOHrypoB

cTaropa.

flp"

seo6xoAlt-

MOCTH

yr{eTa

HaCbIIUeHHfl

AO;1)KHO

6urs

HCnO,'lb3OBaHO

ypaBHeHI4e

(15-le).

'

Arq

H,,ITIOCTpaIIHH

O[peAeJIHM

IOCTOflHHyIO

BpeMeHH

Tao

'['lrfl

fr{Apofer{epaTopa

cpeAHefi

MouIHocrH

6ea

yqeTa

u c

yqeTOI{

IlarrIl-

qnf

BbIIIp"*tte"trn.

llpu

sTOM

npeAnoJlaraeTctl,

qro

rli;1porelteparop'

pa6oraei

B

pex(HN,te

Xo,'IocToro

XoAa,

a B.nI4ffHI4e Aertnndeplloll

cH-

creMbI

He

yqHTbIBaercq'

flpn-

L!:0'B

fH

'

'l:0'2'22

Ot''l'

x:0'05

Ov"

r:0.005

Orra

u

T:40o

safiAeu:

('

-;

'1;)

,3

rtf-x

fi

1l*

npu.f:0,

f:0

ilpH r:0,

x*0

T ..--

'do-

,,

++,*(r-#)

'

0.8

3 /

3.40r

0,222

+-0,05+12-

--:::-

10,005

n

\

360/

34{

ft

T

d

o,:

JJ-

rf

:3,77

c;

0,222

0,8

o 9r)

0.05

(,

-,

0,9

J

JI

LI

--

3

rf

-

x

3T

:

2,96

c;

npu rt'},

x*0

Li

:2,88

c.

flo.nyueHHore 3HaqeHHfl

Tao

noKa3brBaCIT 6o.nturoe

BJTHSHHe HH-

AyKTHBHbTx

cofipornereFrufi

qenefi

nocroffHHoro

roKa

Bbl[pqMHTe.irfi

Ha nocrorHHyro BpeMeHH

uenu

nos6y>x4eHnfl

ruAporeHeparopa.

PaccuorpHru

Aaxee

nepexoAHF,re

npoueccbr rrpH ra[IeHHH

no"rlfl

rHApofeHeparopa.

Ec.nu

He

yqlrrbrBarb BJrvflHr4fl

4eunQepuoft

cHcreMbl

vr Hacbl-

ureHufl

MarHHrHofi

rrenu

rllAporeHeparopa,

ro H3

ypaBHeHHfl

(15-20)

AJrfl

pelKHMa

xoJrocroro

xoAa

HaftAelt

Ia:l6so

rdo

rAe /ao

-

TOK B

,,++,n(r-+),

34t

lr?1

cos cco

JI

,,++,*(r-#)'

J_

I

_i^)

,

(r

5-23)

HaqaJre

npoqecca

faIrIeHHfl

nOJ-Ifl,

panHUfi

I-

rdo-

oo

-

yfo"{ ynpaBJIeHHfl nepeA

Haqalorrn

QopcHpoBaHHfl.

I4s

ypaBHeHHfl

(

l5-23)

Mo)KHo

onpeAeJlHrb

BpeN{fl

rarueHlln

norrfl

/",

npHHqB

B

$opruyre

(15-23)

Ia:0.

TorAa

tr:

I

aoln

cos

cro

*

cos

(l

*

0)

cos

(y

*i-

d)

t

o

CBOHCTB.

rle

0

-

yroJl

BoccraHoBreHuq

BeHTHJIbHbIx

324

(t5-241

farueHue

noJrfl B

pe)KrrMe rpexQa3Horo

r(oporKoro 3aMbrKaHHfl

ilpoHcxoALrT

3HaqtrTe,,TIbHo

6rrtcrpec,

qeM

B

pex{r.IMe

xoJlocTofo

XO,II,a,

rrocKonbKy riocToflHHafl

BpeMeHr{

uenH

so36vx(AeHHfl paBHa

T;- Tou

Ec,rn

inn

paccMarpnBaeMoro

rr;;lporeHeparopz'l cltelHeti

Moul,-

IIoCTtI

xa'

I

xd:0,25,

ro T4'

:

2,BB'

0,25

:0,72

c.

15-5.

nP|hHUl/,n

PACt{ETA

ECNOMOTATEJIbHOTO

ChHXPOHHOTO IEHEPATOPA

BcnoHaorareJrbHbrir cnHxpoHHblft

reHeparop pa6oraer

Ha

Bblnpff-

r\rHTeJbHyro

Hafpy3Ky.

lloaror,,{y

efo

QaaHue

roKH flBJrfltoTcfl HecH-

H!'COHAaJTbHbIMH. oa3Hrre

rOKH Moryr 6r,rrr

pa3,'ro)KeHbl Ha

ocHoB-

Hyro

v Bbrc[IHe

fapMor{r{qecKHe. HanHque

BbIcrIrHx

fapMoHHrIecKHX

NPHBOAHT

K

IIOflB,IICHHIO

MAC, BPAqATUIHXCS

C

PA3TI,TqHbIMH

I{A-

croraMH

BpauIeHHf no orHo[IeHLIro

K

poropy.

B

pe3yJlbTaTe

srofo

B KOHrype

poropa,

npe)Kle

Bcefo B

efo

AeMnQepuoli

cHcreMe,

Bo3-

Hr4KaroT

nepeMeHHbIe TOKH BbIctrIHX

rapMoHHK

H

AOIOJIHHTeJIbHbIe

TIOTCPH. HAPNAY

C

STHM

BbICIIIHC |APMOHHqCCKHC CTATOPHbIX

TOKOB

co3Aaror

Aono/rHHTeJrbHbre

norepH B cavofi craropHoft o6uorxe

v

Bbr3brBaroT

naAeHr.rfl Hanpfl)KeHHf

B LTHAyKTHBHbTX cotrpoTHBJIeHHsx

o6uorxu craropa. I-Ioc.neAHee

npHBoAHT K

trcKa)KeHr{ro

xpHeori Mar-

HHTHO|O

nOTOKa

B

CepAeqHHKe CTaTOpa

V

K

nOqBJIeHHFO

AOIOIHH-

TeJrbHbrx [orepb B craJIH craropa.

Pea"nrHnfi

reHeparop,

pa6oraroqnfi

Ha BblnpflMItreJIbHyIo

Ha-

rpy3Ky

c

HencKaxeHsorl

3AC H

BbIIIpfl MHTeJIbHbIM

roKoM I

d

to*,

HMeer npu6nwznTeJrbHo

raKne

>Ke

norepu B

crarope

(o6rr,rorra

v

cepAeqH"*),

KaK

v reHeparop c cHHycoHAaJIbHbrMH

Hanprx{eHueM

U u

T

oxoM craropa

I.

lloarouy

MourHocrb BcrroMorareJrbHoro cHH-

xpoHHoro

reHeparopa Mo)Ker 6urr

npu6.nusureJrbHo onpeAeJleHa

no

Sopuy.ne

Sno"

:3U

I

,

r4e S,ronr-HoMHHailbHafl

rroJlHafl MourHocrb; U v

/-aeftcrBylo-

ruue

QasHsre

Hanpfl)KeHlie

lI roK.

!,eitcreyrcuree

QasHoe

Hanpfl>KeHHe

AoJIIKHo

6urr

npnHtlro

paB-

HbrM

Her{cKa)KeuHoft

3AC. floc.neAHflfl,. npu6nusHTe./'IbHo

paBHa

3AC, co3AaBaeuofi

MaTHHTHbTM

noroKoM

B Bo3AyrrrHoM

3a3ope.

CuHycou4anruurl

roK

I

cJleAyer npllHffrb

paBHbIM

4eficrnyrc-

qeMy

SaaHonry

roKy.

EclH

QasHtrfi

roK yrpoureHHo npeAcraBllrb

rrpflMoyroJrbHHKoM

c

ocHoBaHHeM

2nl3

Ha

yqacrKe

Jr,

To

,:{+

126dlu,t I

s

tlout

x'd

xd

9n1

f

.t

0

t1e

I"Hor\{

-

HoMHHaJrlHlrfi

ToK

nos6yx<4eHus rr{AporeHeparopa.

!,eiicrnyou,ee

Harrpfl)KeHr{e

IJ

B coorBercrBl{rr

c

sneuHer.i

xa-

paKrepncruxoli npeo6pa3oBareJrr

(

l5-9)

n

pelKHMc

QopcrrpoBaHlrh

Moir\er

6urs onpeAeneHo

H3

Qoptrlynul

1

(

kU,

uo,

n/F

J

1y'o

n-

?

U-

"

xlarrrorr-2\U.

.'L

I

B

pea,rrbHbrx

ycr'totsHrix

pa6orbr

Aeficrelrrculee

HanpfliI{eI{He

Ha

BL,TBOAaX

feHepaTopa

u, 6yrter

HecKoJIbKo

MeHbirle

Hafipfl)KeHllg

U:E

B

cBr3H

c

naAeHr.reM

HanpfliKeHLIfl

B conporlIllreHHLl

x-

:

(x'a*xz)12.

OAsaNo

norepr4

B o6MorKe

n B

cepAeqHHKe

craropa

reHeparopa,

pa6oraiou{ero

Ha

BbrnpflMHTeJIbHyIo

Harp}'3K)r

ri HMeIo-

ilIero

HeLIcKax(eHHyro

?DrC

E, 6yeyr

npH6,'IH3HTeJbHo

raKI{MH

Xe,

KaK r.{

)'

reHepaTopa c

cHHycor{AaJIbHbIiv{H

i{anpfl)KeHI'leM

u

14

To-

KOIvI

1.

@opr'ayla

(15-24)

orHocnrcfl

K

oAHorpynnoBoil

cxeMe. OAHaxo

3ra

QopMyJra

ocraercfl

crpaBeAJrHBori

v

tr\Itr, AByxrpyrinoBoii

cxeMbI,

ecJIH

ceqeHue

MeAH

npHHHMaeTCf

oAHHaKoBbIM

Anq

pa6oqeit H

Qop-

cr.rpoBoqHoft

qacreli

cTaTopHoll

o6uorxH.

C,ne4yer

3aMerlITb,

qro

o6ttqno

raKoe

pe[IeHHe HcnoJrb3yercfl

LJrfl

BcnoMorareJIbHbIX

cl'{H-

xpoHHbrx

feHepaTopoB

cHcTeM

He3aBHCHMO|O

BO36y)KAel{Hfl.

EC.nH

ceqeHne

MeAH

QA

QOpcllpOBoqHofi

qacrl,I

MeHb[Ie cer{eHuq

MeAH

4p

pa6oueli

qacru

o6uorxu,

ro MolrlHocrb

reHeparopa 6yeer

1,@6qb

Snon,:]

u'P

4P

Y1,

(15-25)

1+

&'s

wp

fAe 1,

6

vr

@p-

rrHcro

BHTKOB

$Opcr,rpoeo.rFlofi

14

pa6oueft

qacreft

craropHor?

o6rr/{orKH.

flycm,

HarpuMep,

aqlap:2

u

QalQp:rlz,

T'.

e.

Macca

MeAH

pa-

6oqeft It

SopcupoeoqHoft

r{acTeil

o6uorox

oAHHaKoBa.

TorAa

B co-

orBercrB

r4r4

c

$opuy"irol?

(

l5-25)

Sno"

:2U

I

'

T.

e. MolIHocTb

BcnoMorareJlbHoro.

reHepaTopa

B

ABvxrpyniloBofi

gxet\,le

npeo6pa3oBaHHs

cocraBHr

2ls

MoUIHocrH

B

oAHorpynroBofr

cxeMe.

Heo6xoAHMo orMergrb,

qro

B coorBercrBgg

c

|OCT

t8L42-72

H |OCT

lB3-74

fuAporeHeparop

AorI)KeH

6ltrl

paccqaraH

Ha

lt,'rnre.rrbHyto

pa6ory

c

neperpy3Kofi

10

%.

B

3roM

cIyl{ae

Motq-

HOCTT,

BCnOMOfaTeJrbHOfO

reHepaTopa

Aonx{Ha

6r,trl

cooTBeTcTBeHHO

noBbluleHa

npHMepHo ua

20

0lo.

Pac.tet

norepb

Bo

BctIoMofare,rlbHoM

reHeparope

I't3JIo)KeH

BrJr.5u6.

326

15-6.

nPhHuhnbl PACt{ETA

chcTEM

TVI?VICTOPHOTO

cAMoBo3svxt

AEHVfl

flpllHqailvailb+afl

cxeMa

cncleMbt

caMoBo36yxAerrHq

rroKa3aHa

Ha

pric.

l5 10. B

o6uleu

cryqae

B

cxeMe

HMelorcfl IIocJIeAoBZr€;tb-

r{bte

BortroAo6aBoqHbre

rpalrcQopMaropbt

5. 7ut

rpaucQopMaropbl

BbrnoJHffrorcfl

c

pa3oMxnvrofi

varsurHoii

qenblo.

floarouv

3AC

rrx BToprrr{HbIX

o6uorox

npOnOpqliOHa"rlI)HbI

ToKV

ts

nepBHqHbrx

o6ltorxax.

3ro

rro3BoJIfler.

Kari

vKa-

3aHO

Bbrtlle, cra6wJrr43HpO-

BaTb

HanpflKeHne Lra 3a-

x(HMax

BbrnpflMHreJ]fl

npH

'

Pnc.

15-10.

Cucrelra caMoeos6yx(AeHus

rr{AporeHeparopa

1-rpaHc@op.Marop

HanpqiKeHus,:-.2

u 2'-rpaac$opMaropbr;

J-ruAporeHeparop;

4-sar-

npruurellutlfi

rpaucQopuarop;

5

-

noc.neAosarerlHlrrl

soruroAo6ano.rHlrft

rpauc$opuarop;

6-r€flJloo6MeHHux;

7-rupncropHuii

npeo6paaonareJrb;

8-rpaHcSopMarop

co6ciseHHuix

H]')KA:

9

-,pazpzauvrc;

.I^0

-

crlcreMa

ynpaBneHHs

rupucropaMu;

tt

-

aerori{art,tqecxuir

pery-

ntrop

no:6yx<AeHun;

.12

-

orpauuqxreJrb

nepeuanpaxceHni;

,13'-

asroMar rarueHgfl rronr;

14

-

ycrpoficrBo

HaqaJrbuoro

ros6yxAenHn

Puc.

l5-ll. PacqerHar

cxeMa

cucreMbr

caMoeos6yxiAeHuq

c

ilocJreAoBare"rrbHbrl{H

sortroAo6aBoqr{brMu

rpaucQopN{aropaMH

*qr, *q,

-

IIHAyKTIIBI{bIe

conporuBJlenr.rr

nepnuuuoil

H

BTopr.rqHoil

o6uorox.[ocJreAoBareJrbubrx

eoJrrroAo6aBoqHbt.\

rpauc$oprr,raropoB;

xT

-

HHAyKTHBHoe

conporEBJreHrie

KoporKoro

3aMbt-

KaHun

BbrrprMlrrenbHoro

,:01";fJ,llf:J";iirfl;f8JtJ"ff3ff",1""*fi"

6ecxoHeqHoft

uoudnocrr;

KOpOTKHX

3aMbrKaHHqX B rlensx nepBHr{Hofi

KOMMyTaTIHH reHepa-

ropa.

TupncropHbrft

rpeo6pa3oBareJrb

7 MolKer

BbrnoJrHfirbcfl

KaK

no

oAHorpynnoBofi,

raK

v

rro

AByxfpynroBoit

cxeMe. flp"

KparHocrH

SopcupoBaHufl

Bo36ylKAer{Hq

Ao

2,5

nprrMeHfl}orcfl

oAHofp)/nnoBbre

vt{u4,

AByxfpynrroBbre

cxeMbr npeo6pa3oBaHr{f

,

a

npH

6o.nnrueft

327

KpaTr{ocTH

cxetvl bt.

QopcH

poBaHHq

-

AByxrpynnoBbre

T4JII4

KACKAAHbIC

f a urenue noJ'rq

B IJopMaJIbHbIX

ocyuIecTBJIf eTcf

riliBepTHpoBaHHeM,

aBToMaroM ratrreHr.rff nonn 13.

Tox

nos6yx<4eFrr{fl rcHeparopa B

ycraHoBHBlrreMCfl

pe]Krr\,re

on-

peAe,'rflercfl,

c.

oAHr-ili

cropoHbr, Ha

ocHoBe eexropuofi

AHarpzl\r\'tbr

HanpflxieHr.rri,

c

Apyrofi

-

Ha ocHoBe BHeusefi

xapaKrepvcrrrriri

npc-

o6pasoearedrlq.

PacqerHafl

cxeMa

cHCTeMbr caMoBos6yx4eHHfl

c

rrocreAoBareJb-

HbrMr.r BoJrbroAo6aeoqHbIMH

rpaHcQopMaropaMH

rroKa3aHa

Ha

pHC.

l5-11. HenocpeAcrBeHHo H3 aror?

cxeMbr HMeeM

3KCfiJryaTarIHOHHbrx

pe]hH

Ma.x

a

B

aBapurintrx pelKrllrax

-

.

II

E::-

*in,,x4i,

fle.

r

(15-26)

rAe

nB.,

-

xoeQQuuueHr rpaHcQopMauHH

BbrrrpflMr{re;'rbHoro rpaHC-

Qopuaropa;

/Ln.

r

-

xoaQ$uuneHr

rpaucQopMarlnu

noc,.'reAoBareJb-

Hbrx rpaucQopMaropoB.

flpHHIauaa

Bo BHHMaHHe

Sopr',ry,ry

(15-9),

npHBoArJM

vpaBHe-

Hr.re

(15-26)

K

BHAy

I

arf

t

(x,

-

xnz) I

a:

l7u ,

.

\2 ,r

x

1 I

(

-:-

,

Inn.1rn1

Sin

p

)

-t-

Unn.lxqr

CoS

g)2

cos

a,

(15-27)

V \

/?s.r

/

fAe

Jtr

-

HHAyKTHBHOe

COnpOTHBJTeHHe

KOpOTKO|O

3aMbrKaHHfl BbI-

nprMr4reJrbHoro

rpaHcQopMaropa;

xq2

-HHAyKrHBHoe

conporrrBJre-

HHe

BTopHuHorl o6vorxH rrocJreAoBareJlbHbrx rpaHcQopMaropoB.

Ec.nH

He

yquTbrBarb

cHH)KeHHe

Hanpflx<eHus, Bbr3brBaeMoe

rioM-

MyraIIHoHHbrMH

npoueccaMH,

a

raKlKe rraAeHufl

Hanpfl)xeHuli

B TI{-

pHCropax,

ro

AIrfl

pe)KHMa

QopcHpoBaHlrfl

paBeHcrBo (15-27)

Mo-

)Ker

6rrrr

npeAcraBJreHo

B

BHAe

+:,*4

(

Uro*

U

I

\

""-%.

%*,

-

*""')'*(

nn.rxqJ

no*

nn.

,xqrl

"o*

a /7-

J

1y'O

\./

-a\

JI

I

i

t

il

uro

8)

)

.2

fD

5-

(1

U,,,

I

_c

o-i

/"on

rAe

Us:

I

arf

-

3aAaHHoe Hanpr>KeHHe Ha o6uorxe noa6yxi,leHllfl

rrpn

$opcupoBaHnu

(cl:0)

LtJrH npeAeJlbHoe

Hanpflx{eHHe

eos6y>r-

AeHHfl;

u"o-

Ha[pfl)KeHHe Ha O6naOrXe

eos6y]KAeHHfl npH

roKe

po-

TOpa,

cooTBeTcTByroqeM

HoMHHaJIbHoMy Hanpflx<eHHro craTopa

ilpll

xoJlocroM xoAe H

pa6ouerl

reuneparype

poropa.

BeeAeNa

cJreAyroque

o6osuarleHl{fl

:

k*:

2,34.U

sou

k":

2,34nn.

rxqrl uo,,,

(15-2e)

tts.

r(J

eo

t

Ueo

KoaQSHIrHeHr

k*

paBeH

BbrtrpflMJIeHHoMy

Harpfl)KeHHIo

B

Ao-

Jrfx

uuo,

Koropoe

o6ecneqHBaer

BbrrrpflMHre.nlstui rpaucQopN{arop

328

npu

nolHocTblo oTKpbtTbtx

BeHTHJIflX

H HOMI{HaJIbHOM

Hanpfl}KeHllK

o6uorxH

craropa

reHeparopa.

KoeQQuqI{eHr

kc

paBeH

Bblnpf

MJIeHHoMy

I{arpfl}KeHHI.o

B orHo-

cHTeJrbHbtx

eAHHr4qax,

KoTOpoe

nolyqaeTcq ilpl4

IIoJIHocTbIo oTKI)bl-

Tbtx

BeHTH,'Iflx

I.I

HoMHHaJbHoM

ToKe

o6uorxH

craropa

ga

cr{er

Ha-

JIHqHfl

B

CXeMe

rrOCJIeAOBaTe,TbHblx

Bor'IbToAo6aeoqHltx

rpaHc(lo1l-

MaropoB.

C'yueror,,r

BBeJeHHbtx

o6ossaqesHii

(15-29)

paBeHcrBo

(15-28)

npHMeT

BHA

kur:

-k"a

sin

f

*

I

(+)"_

(n"

a.o,

e)',

(15-30)

fAe

(Ju,

U H

I BbIpa)^I{eHbI

B

orHocHreJIbHbIX

eALIHHIIax.

llprr_

19.-

crpoeHun

3aBIIcHMocrH

km:f

(k")

ucnolb3yercfl

Qopuy,'ra

(

l5-30)

AJIn

pacqera peiKI.IMoB,

HMeIoUIHX

Hau6o"nluee

3HaqeHHe

A,itfl

CI'I-

creMbr

caNaoeo-36yx4eHuq. K

raKHM

pe)KHMaM

orHocarcl:

a)

HoNIH-

Ha.ntHur?

pex{HM;

6)

BHe3anHoe

rpexQasuoe

KoporKoe

3aMbliia-

nue; e)

)/craHoBuBrreecfl

rpexQasHoe

KoporKoe

3aMbIKaHHe;

r)

or*

KJrlor{eHHe

KoporKoro

3aMblwauun;

g)

acHHXpoHHbIe

npoBoporbi.

Ans

HoMHHza'IbHofo

pex{HMa B

Qopuy,ue

(15-30) IIpHHHMaercfl

I

:

l,

(J

:

l,

cos

g:

CoS

(pHorr

II

cTpol{Tcfl

3aBHcHMocTb

km:

i

&"'l

,

noKa3aHHafl

Ha

pl4c. 15-12

xpHnofi

1.

llpe4no,'raraercfl,

rrro

rpexQasHoe

KoporKoe

3aMbIKaHHe

rlpot{c-

xoAHT Ha cropoHe

Bbrcrrero

Hailpff>KeHnr

IIoBbIIrIarou{ero

rpanc$op-

Maropa.

llpro

BHe3anHor{

KoporKoM

3aMbIKaHVLr

BbrsvcJlfiercfl

nepe-

xoAHafl

nepHoIHqecKafl

cocraBJlsloulafl

ToKa

I

E'n

'

K.

3

-

x6{x,

r.I

Ha[ps>KeHHe

Ha

BbIBoAax

reHeparopa

Un.":l'n.gxr,

rA€ t,-

IiH-

,I,yKTHBHOe

COnpOTr{BJreHHe

KOpOTKO|O 3aMbIKaHHq

nOBbIlllarculefo

rpaHcQopMaropa.

llolcraBJlrr

I:l'x.s v U:Un."

n

Qopnn'-'ty

(15-30),

crpouM

no HeIi

KpHByIo 2

(pvrc.

15-12).

'

VcraHoer.rerrtnr?cq

roK rpexQasHoro

KoporKoro

3aMbIKaHtIfl

1,r.

t

onpeAeJrflercfl

rpaSnuecKu

rro

xapaKTepHcrHKaM

xoJlocroro

xoAa

w

KoporKoro 3aMbIKaHHs

npI{

ToKe

sos6yNAeHrIfl

ir:2["n6*,

(l"no.,,--

TOK

pOTOpa npH HOMHHa,TbHOM

pe>Xlrrtae)

.

Taxor?

cnoco6

no3Bo.IIfler

)/qecrb

HacbIUIeHHe

MarHHTHofi

IIeIH MaITIHHbI.

Hanpn>KeHne

fJ:

:

I

..axr.

PaccuarpuBaeMorvry

pelKHMy

coorBercrByer

3aBucnMocrb

3

(puc.

l5-12).

VAoenerBopeHne

paBeHcrBa (15-30) IrpH

BHe3anHoM

H

)/craso-

BHBIITeMcff

rpexQa3Hbrx

KoporKnx

3aMbIKaHHflx

o6ecne.IaBaer

IIo-

JlrqeHHe npeAeJrbHofo

Hanpfl)KeHHfl

Bo36y)KAeHrfl,

B

3THX

pe)Kl{Max-

lloerouy

cucrel{a

caMoBo36yxAeHuf_B

arHX

pe>KI{Max 6yler

3KBH-

Ba,TeHTHa CHCTeMe

He3aBl{cI{Moro

Bo3oyx{AeHIifl

.

B

npouecce

KoporKoro

3aMbIKaHHff

o6lr.IHo

yt\4eubtrlaercfl

h'lar-

Hr.rrHbrri

rroroK

rnAporeHeparopa.

floeroMy

nppr

orKJItoqeHI'tH

Kopor-

329

Koro

3aMbrKaHHq

HanpslKeHne

rnAporeHepaTopa Mo)Ker

6stru

noHH-

)KeHuutu. B cBq3r4 c

3THM

no3HHKacr

seo6xoAl{Mocrb

BKJIIoT{eHufl

/{aHHoro

pexr.rMa

B

qucJro

ocHoBHbIX

pacqerHblx

pex{uMoB.

O6u.{Fro

npeAno"rrafaercfl,

qro

oTKJrroqeHHe

Bl{e3anl{ofo

KoporKofo 3aMbIKa-

nve

npoH3Ro

rztrcfl

ocHoeHoiI

penefinoii

sau{Hrort

qepe3

0,12-

0,15

c.

Pacqer nepexo,qHoro

npouecca

reHeparopa

c

yqeroM

u3Me-

r{eHtlfl

}rr,la

0

Bo

BpeMfl

KoporKoro

3aMbtKaHHfl

H

onpeAeJIeHHe r{a-

[rp9)r{eHr.rfl r{ ToKa

cTaTopa,

a

TaKX{e

Y|JIa

Q

B

MOMeHT

OTKJIIOqeHHfl

KOpOTKO|O 3aMbrKaHHfl

MOfyT

BbInOJIHfTbCfl

fro MeTOAy,

npl'IMeI{fle-

\iI0\ry

B

pacrierax

LHHart,lHqecxoli

ycroiiuHBocrH

[27].

3Ha.leHrrq

yrJoB

0

H

(p,

a

raKx{e

Hanpflx{elrur

U

v

roKa

I rnAporeHeparopa 3aBIt-

cflT or HHAyKTHBHO|O

COnpOTLIBT'leHHq

xs Me)KAy ITTHHaMH

BbTCOKO|O

Hanpf-

x{eHHfl

3JIeKTpOCTaHqr{H

V 3KBHBa-

JICHTHbIMH

IIIHHAMH 6CCXOUC'{UOiT

MouIHocrH

npueuHoli

sHeprocllcreMbt.

I-loaro*ry

pacr{erbr

npoBoAflrcfl

AIrn

HeCKO/IIbKHX

THfIOBbIX SHat{eHIafi

Xc.

Ha

puc.

15-12 B

KaqecrBe

npnMepa

[oKa3aHa

3aBHcHMocrb

kro:f

(k")

nilfl

oAHoro

H3 3HarIeHLIft

xs

(t<pll-

nan

4).

Ec"[H

e

pex(HMe

KoporKoro

3aMbI-

KaHHfl

IOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHbIe

BO/IbTOAO-

6aeoqHue

rpaHcQopMaropbi

yBe/tH-

q14Baror

HaIIpfl]KeHHe

ilepeMeHHofo

TOKa BblrlpflMHTeJIfl,

TO B

peX(HMe

acHHXpoHHbIX

IIpOBOpOTOB

rIpH

yr,'Ie

0=180",

KorAa

roK

B o6uorxe

cra-

TOpa

HMeer nporHBorIoJIo)KHoe

Ha-

ilpaBJIeHHe,

IocJIeAoBaTeJIbHbIe

rpaHcQopMaropbr, Hao6opor,

yMeHb-

rrraror

Hanpfl>KeHue. floeronay

Aauurtfi

pex{r.rM

TaKX(e ITpHHaAJIe>KHT

K

t{Hcry

ocHoBHbrx

pacr{erHbrx pexuMoB.

Anq

ynpoureHufl

pacrrer o6uqso

npor.r3BoAHTcr

npH

orcyrcrBnH aKrHBHoii

Harp1r36s. Bno"nHe

ecrecr-

BeHHo,

rrro

BeJruqr.rHtr

U u

I

6ynyr

gaBncerL,

or corrporr{Bile-Htg

xg.

ilogrol{y

pacqerbl

BbrnoJlHflroTcfl

Arq

HecKo,'rbKHX

3HaqeHHft

x".

Ha

puc.

15-12 B KaqecrBe npuMepa

rocrpoeHa

KpLrBafl

5

AJrfl

oAHoro

H3

3Haqeuufi x".

Cleayer

3aMerHrb,

qro

B

Qopmy.rre

(15-30)

3HaK nepeA

nepBblM

qJreHoM

npanoli

qacra

r,Jrtr

paccMarpHBaeMoro

pe)KHMa

Jo.nxeH

6um

H3MeHeH

Ha o6parssrft.

A.trs

roro

qro6u

c?rcreMa

caMoBo36yxAe""q

yAoBJIerBopflJIa

npeAtfle,'rfleMbrM

x

Hefi

rpe6oeaHuflM,

Heo6xoAuuo ert6part

xoaQ-

Qrrqrreurur

k* H k"

TaKHM

o6pasorra,

uro6u

oHH coorBercrBoBaJlu

'rorrKe

nepeceqeHHfl

A xpafiueir

npaeor? v nepxHefi

KpHBbtx

I{a

puc.

15-12 (xpHnsre

2 u

l

coorBercreenHo).

JJTJ

0,5

1,0

1,5.

Prrc.

15-12. 3anHcuuocrl

Me-

>KA.v xoe$$r.ruueHraMu k*

n k.

Btr6pan

3HaqeHnfl

xoa$$uuneHroB

k*

w

k",

Mo>KHo

neper.iru

K

OnpeAeJreHHro

$asHux

Hanpsxerrr.rfi

BropaqHofi

o6uorxu

Bbrnpf

'MllrelbHoro

(uzr.

r)

H

nocJre!,oBare,rbHoro

(Urn.

r)

rpaucQopMaro-

poB

npll

HoMHHa"nbHbrx

Hanpflx{eHHr.r

tr

ror{e

craropa.

@agurre

na-

npflxic.rrHr

paBHbr

[40]:

1

U

,

".,

==

ku,krk"(J

s.

x.

2,34

IJrn.,

-

^+

k,k,k,,k,(J

2

,34

'"(''

"\"

r]"

rv

B'

x'

B

paneucrBax

(

l5-31

)

H

(

15-32)

HCrrorrb3oBaHbr

HoBr,re

uLIeHTbr k*, k"

H

kr.

(15

3l)

(15-32)

xoeQQn-

0.e

0,6

.11 I

.1

7

1r2

.,t

.l

1,0;

20 40

60"

0

20

40

60"

l5-13.

3asuclll.rocrs

xoaQ$HrIHeHra

k,

or

yrJra

KoMM)/rauHr{

1

15-14.

3asHcr.rrvrocrb

HHAyKTHBHofo

conporuBJr€HHfl,

xp

or

\,

Puc.

Koes$ur{HeHr

k*

yuwrbrBaer

KoMMyraqHoHHbre

rraAeHr.rf

Hanpfl-

xieHHfl

H

paBeH

xqr.214

k*:

|

*

tl

Ug

Ha puc.

l5-

l3 nprrBeAeHa

3aBHCriMocrb

xoa$$uur{eHra

k,

or

)^ua

KoMMyraqHH

?

npn

4nofiHou

roKe poropa

(l

a:21a no*)

.

9:ot:19

yroJl

KoMMYTauHH

npr4

raKoM

roKe

rpurrrlMaercq

paBHbrru

30-50'.

KoeQSHr{rreHr

k"

yqHrbrBaer

rraAeHHe

HanpflxeHHfl

B rrrpr.rcro-

pax

BbrrrprMnTeJrfl

rr

paBerr

ku

='..

I

+

2LU

lU

a

no*.

KoaQQuqrreHT

k,

,\'uurvrBaer

naAeHHfl

Hafrpflx{eHHf

B

ar{rHBHbrx

conpoTuB"rreHrjflx

rr

paBeH

LUr:|-LUr^

JI

331

kE

T

t

'+

]l

,l

*

I

.f

*

kr:l*

Ud

"on

Домбровский В.В., Дукштау А.А., Пинский Г.Б. Гидрогенераторы

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.