Домбровский В.В., Дукштау А.А., Пинский Г.Б. Гидрогенераторы
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
MOTKH
BO36yX(AeHHfl
B
rraCTH
nOJTTOCOB
HJrH
HC'paBHOMepr{OCTbtO BO3-
A)/ruHoro
3a3opa.
B
cnolo
oqepeAb, H(rpaBHoMepuocrb
3a3opa
Moxer
BbI3bIBaTbCf
SKCUeHTpHqHbIM
nOJTOX{eHHeM pOTOpa
OTHOCHTeJTbT{O
craropa H orKJIoHeHr{eM
poropa
HJrH
craropa
or
ripyrosori
Qoprursl.
Or
npt{t{r,rHbr
acHMMerpHH
MaTHHTI{oro
nor'rfl
3aBHCr{T
qacrora
Bo3-
6y*lraMbrx
B
cepAeqrJHKe
nrr6pauHii:
npH
3aMbrKaHHv
rracrt
rio.rrro-
coB,
aKcr{eH"pHcHTere
poropa HilH
orKJroHeHHH ero
or
r{p)/roBoir
Qoprr,lsr
qacrora
nu6paryuft
cepAeqrrHKa
paBHa
vilLr, KparHa
qacrore
BpauleHHq poropa,
a
npu
neNpyroeori
Qopue
craropa
Bo3Frl{Karcr
nrz6p aWV
nonrocsofi
qacrorbr.
llprE acHMMerpHI.r
MarHHTHoro noJrr
cri,'rbr 83ar.{ruoAeficrer.rs
lile)KAy poropoM
H
craropoM
ilpHBoAfrcfl
K
paBHoAer?crnyrcu{eli,
KoTopyo
Ha3blBaror
ca.ryoli oAlrocropoHHero MarHr{rHofo npurfl}Ke-
Ht4fl.
3ra
cuJra eosAer1crByer
B ocHoBHoM Ha
porop
w HarrpaBJrrro-
ulne
[oAuiHrrHLrKH.
Eclu
cxeMa
3au{r.rrbr reHeparopa
AonycKaer
pa-
6ory
npa
3aMbrKaHlrH o6uornn nos6y>x4eHufl, To
BTopoe
3aMbrKa-
HHC
MO)KCT
IIPHBCCTH
K
TOMV.
IITO
NOJIOBH}IA
NOJITOCOB
OKA}KCTCfl
o6ecroqennoli.
flp" oroM
eoiHuxHer cLIJra
oAHocropoHHero
rrpHrfl-
>KeHHfl,
B 5-8
pa3
npeBbrularouafl r{opMaJrbHyro.
Taxofi
c,'ryuafi
HMe.[
MeCTO
B
I]paKTr.rKe
3KC'nJIyaTaUHH 14
npHBeJr K
CMfiTtrro onop-
Hbrx
6onros Hanp
aBJtRrourero
no1rxunHnKa
rr
3aAeBaHr,rto
porop
a 3a
cTaTop.
Cerner{rbr
cepAeqHHKa
c'raropa
HaHr.r3aHbr
Ha pe6pa,
[pr4BapeH-
rlble
K Kopnycy. Iloerolay
nH6p aLrLrH
cepAeqHHKa
nepeAarorcrr
Ha
pe6pa
u
vx
cBapHble
IrIBbr. llp"
AJrHreJrbHo
AeficrByrournx
6onsurux
eu6pauuax
cepAeqHLIKa
Bo3Mo)KHo
pa3py[reHne
cBapHbrx
coeAu[re-
wvti,r
H
Aa>Ke
JrHcroB
cepAeqHHKa
B Mecre
coeAuHeHr.rfl
c
pe6paMa.
Taxae
noBpe)KAeHHfl
pa3BuBalorcfl
fJIaBHbrM
o6pasorra s6nwew
oc-
.na6neHHbrx
crbrKoB cepAeqHuKa
craropa.
KpyrsrqHfi
MoMeHr neHeparopa.
Kpyrqulrrri
MoMeHr
co3Aaercfl
TaHfeHI{HaJIbHbIMH
aJIeKTpoMarHHTHbrMH
cHJraMH,
AelicreyrcuIHMH
Ha
porop
H
crarop.
C
cepAeqHwKa
craropa MoMeHr
nepeAaercr
Ha
y3Jlbr
efo
KperJreHHfl
r{
AaJree
ua
.SyHaaMeHr.
Ha
porope
xpyurqur?
MoMeHT
B
ycraHoBuB[reMcfl
pe]KrrMe
pa-
6oru
ypaBHoBerrrHBaer
Bpau{anunfi
MoMeHr
ryp6uHsl.
Sru Mo-
MeHTbI
3aKpyt{HBaFor
BaJI v
4eQopnaupyror
B ropu3oHra.ntuoii
nJro-
cKocrn
ocroB
poropa
ruApofeHeparopa.
Hapi6onee
cJr
a6anvtpt
B or-
HotrreHua
4er?creux
Kpyrflu{ero MoMeHTa
flBJrflrorcr
B
porope
y3,'rbr
KpeureHHfl
ocToBa K BaJry, a
TaK>Ke MecTo
coeAHHeHHf
Ba.[oB Typ-
6unur
H reHepaTopa.
fIp" BHe3anHbIx
KoporKHX
3aMbIKa HHflx
3neKTpouarsurssrft
MoMeHT
Bo3pacraer
s5-7
pa3
no
cpaBHeHuro
c
HoMHHaJrbHbrM
H
Top-
MO3I{T porop
feHeparopa,
TorAa KaK
pa6oqee
KoJreco
ryp6untr npo-
AoJI)Kaer
Bpaqarbcfl.
B
pe3yJlbrare
Bo3HHKaror
KpyrnJrbHbre
r(o,Te-
6asus
Baila u ocroBa poropa
reHeparopa.
XapaKrepHort
oco6eHHo-
crblo
fr{APoarpefaroB
flBJrfercfl
To,
r{To
porop
feHeparopa
rlo Macce
H
AnaMerpy
B HecKoJrbKo
pa3
6o.ntrue,
qeM
pa6ouee
KoJreco
ryp-
6uuu.
I4x
AHHaMHqecKHe
MoMeHTbr
Hrreprruu
orraqarorcfl
B
Ae-
cqrKn
pa3,
6aaro4apn
qeMy
ynpyrufi
MoMeHT,
cKpyr{HBanulnft
Ba.rr
222
u
ocroB
poTopa,
B
pexHMe
BHe3anHOfO
KOpOTKOTO
3aMbrKaHHfl
o6lrqHo rre npeBr'rruaer
5
7o
HoMHHa"rrbHofo
Kpyrsulefo
MoMeHTa.
B
crarope,
ItanpornB,
r{a
y3JIbr
KpenJrcr{r.lfl
4ericreyer
MoMeHT,
xoropltli MolKer
npeBbr[Iarb
3JleKTpovarunrusrft
MoMer{T
npH
BHe-
SanHoM
KoporKoM
3aMbIKaHArt.
Be"IH.IHHa
npeBbrlueHufl
3aBrrcHT
or
yflpyfHx
ceorlcre
cHcreMbr crarop-QyHaaMeHr.
B
pacqerax
AHHa-
MIIqeCr{Oe
yBerHqeHHe
MoMeHra
npHHHMaercfl
oKoJo
AByKparHofo.
I{eHrpo6ex(Hble
cHJIbI.
t{eurpo6e)KHbre
ycKopeHHfl
B rr{AporeHe-
paropax
AocrnrarcT
1000
g,
H
IIMI{
orpaHr{qHBaercrr
3HaqeHrre
l\va-
Merpa
poropa.
Hau6o,nee llarlly)Ker-rr{brM
oKa3brBaercfl
o6oA
poropa,
B_ocnpuHuuarouruft
qeurpo6exiHyro
cuJry rroJrrocoB
rr, co6creeHHyro.
Cpe4uue
Harpfl)KeHHq
or
3rHX
cHJr B
c.na6ou
ceqeHHH
o6ola onpe-
AeJIflioT
ero npoqrlocrb.
Kouueurpaqprs
Hanpfl)KeHl.rri,
Bbr38aHHafl
Harr{rrHeM
orBepcrufi Lr na3oB
e
o6oAe, He
BJrHfler
Ha efo
Hecyurylo
cnoco6Hocrb,
IIoKa
[fiacrnrrHocrb
npr.rMeHfleMblx
cra.ueli
ocraeics
AocrarorrHo
Bbrcoxofi.
Ao
1960
r.
cerMeHTbI
uIHXToBaHHoro
o6ola
uraMrroBaJrucb
ng
craJru
c
npeAeJroM
reKyrrecru
240
MlIa
u auuer?uaq
cKopocrb
Ha
noBepxHocrl'I
noJIIocoB
npl{ yroHe
He
npeBbIrIaJ'Ia
120
ttlc. flepexo4
Ha
craJlb
c
IIpeAeJioM
TeKyqecra
320 MlIa
no3Bo,rruJr yBerurruTb
.urauefiuylo
cKopocrb
Ao
160
rur/c,
oAHaKo
BnocJreAcrBHH
norpe6oea-
Jlocb
ee
AaJrbnefiuee
rroBbrrxeHue
Ao
170-175
rur/c. floalouy
n ilo-
cJIeAHI{e
roAbl rpl{MeHflercfl
craJrb
c
rrpeAeJroM
reKyqecrn
500 MlIa.
B
Apyrux
y3Jlax
poropa
qeHrpo6e)KHbre
cuJrbr raKx{e
Bbr3brBaror
3HaqHTeJrbHbre
Hanpfl>KeHHfl.
Hau6o,rrbllrHe
rpyAHocrH
npeAcraB-
JIreT
KpenJIeHHe
cIIHII
poropa
K
ero
qeHTpairtuor?
qacrr{,
a raKx(e
B BbrcoKoo6oporuux
feHeparopax
KperJreHHe
AeMnQepusrx
cefMeH-
ToB,
MelKloJrlocHbrx
14
Mex(AeMn$epuux
coeAHHeuni,t.
Becosaq
Harpy3Ka.
Bec
KpyrrHbrx
BepruKaJrbHbrx
rHAporeHeparo-
poB
AocrHfaer
16-lB MH,
a
Bec Bpau{atotrruxcfl
qacrefi
7-9
MH.
E.naro4apn
BeprHKaJIbHoMy
pacnoJro)r{eHuro
BaJra feHeparopa
Aefi-
crBue Beca
He BbI3bIBaeT
B HeM nepeMeHHbrx
Hanpfl>KeHHft,
TaK
rrro
onacHocTH
ycTaJrocTHofo
rroBpex{AeHHfl
BaJra
norrTH
HeT.
AericreHe
Beca
cKa3blBaercr
flpe>xAe
Bcero
Ha
olopHbrx
rracrflx
reHeparoPs,
Ha Koropble
KpoMe
Beca
4ericreyror
oceBbre
rHApaBJrH-
qecKLIe
HarpysKu
or
pa6ouero
KoJIeca
ryp6rlHsr.
Cyrrarra
ap*afl
oce-
Bafl Harpy3Ka
Aocrsraer
30-35 MI{
u
uocnpurlrMaercf
noAnflrHr{-
KOM
3a
CqeT
AaBJIeHHfl,
pa3BHBaroulefocf
B
ToHKoM
CJiOe
CMa3KI{
Mex{Ay
Bparqarcu{efics
u
HerroABHxHori
qacrflMr{
noAnflTH
HKa.
C
noAnrrHHKa
HarpysKa nepeAaercfl
Ha
$yu4alaeHr
qepe3
Bepx-
HIOIO
KpeCTOBI.rHy
B
[I_O_ABeCHbIX
feHepaTOpax
vJrrl
KoHHirecKyro
onopy
-
B
3olITHrIHux.
Xecrxocrt
KpecroBuHbr
r{,rrr{
onopbr
AoJrxir{a
6rtm
AocrarouHofi,
.rro6si
nH6pall,lzH
oriopHbrx
qacrefi
He
rrpeBbr-
rrarrH
sHarreHufi,
HopuHpoBaHHux fOCT
5616-81.
!,er?craHe
Beca
Aeranefi
cKa3blBaercfl
TaKlKe
npu
prx
lr3roToBJre-
HHr4
H
TpaHcroprHpoBaHHH.
BosuHraCIu{He
npr4
gioM
4eooplaarlHr{
He
AoJi)KHbI
HapytllaTb npaBHJIbHoro
QyuxqHoHi{poBaHgf
AeTaJrH.
TepmnvecKne
Hanpfl)r(eHHs
u
peQopM&rlun.
Kai<
npn r{3roroBJre-
Hr4r4, TaK U
B npoqecce 9KCIIJIyaTaIIHTT y3Jrbr
H
AeraJrH
rHAporeHepa-
223
topa
noABepfalorcfi
HarpeBy.
IIp,
cBapKe
HarpeB
Bbl3brBaer
B
H€r(o.
Topblx
3ot{ax
Aera.ueti
Hanpflx{erlufl,
npeBocxoAflrqrie
npeAeJr
reKy-
qecrH,
TaK
qro
nocJre
ocrbrBaHHfl
cpa3y
yiln
cilycrfl
HeKoTOpoe
BpeMq
Aera/rb
npHo6peraer
ocrarorrHsre
4eSopMauHH.
Hecnaorpfl
Ha
npLIHflTHe
cileuHaJIbHbIx
rexHoJrofHrlecr{HX
Mep,
neo6xoAHMocrb
yMeHb[reHHf
ocrarorrHbrx
aeQopuaqHfi
HHofAa
AlrKryer
pa3Mepbr
(oco6eHBo
roJru{Huy)
r,eraJrr4.
B npoqecce
eKcuryararrr{H
TeMneparypa
MHoTHX
ysJroB
ruApo-
feHeparopa
Mo)Ker npu6"rruxarbcfi
K 100'c.
Taxofi HafpeB
conpo-
Bo)KAaercfl,'3HarIHTeJIbHbIMH
4eQopuarIHflMH,
a ecJnr KoucrpyKr{Hrr
orpaHLIqHBarcT
vx,
To u Hanpfx(eHlrflMu.
B
qacrHocru,
Lr3BecrHo,
qro
HafpeB
cyuIecTBeHHo
BJrHfleT
Ha
COCTOflHHe
CepAeqHHKa
CTa-
TOpa:
c
pocroM
HafpeBa
nu6paqur
cepAerrHHKa
o6H.rHO
yMeHbua-
Iorcfl.
3ro
o6tflcHrercfl
y[JIorHeHI{eM
npn HarpeBe
3a3opoB
B
crbr-
Kax
ceKTopoB
cepAerrHuKa, a raKx(e
Sa3opoB MelKAy
cepAer{HHKoM
Lr
p96p
aurr, Ha
Koropbrx
oH 3aKperJreu.
Kponae
grofo
IIoJIox(HTeJIbHoro
*ilr4flHr4fl,
HarpeB
oKa3brBaer
Ha
cepAeqHHK
vr
orpl{qareJlbHoe
BJrHflHHe.
Tax KaK
cepAeqHHK Harpe-
Baercfl
6onilue,
qeM
Kopnyc,
To
Mex(Ay HHMH
BO3HHKaer
paAr{aJrb-
goe
ycuJlple, pacTsfHBalouee
Kopfiyc
u
cx(LIMaIoUee
cepAeqHuK.
PacrsrnBaloqee
ycHJIHe
nepeAaercfl
Ha
rrrn?rJrbKu,
coeAr{Hflrorque
ceKropa
Kopryca Mex(Ay
co6ofi,
u npfi
HeAocraroqHofi
npeABapH-
'rgtlgotl
SaTfx{Ke
IITnHJIeK
BbI3bIBaeT
ocna6.ueuue nJlorHocru
crbl.
KoB.
Cxuuarcqee
cepAeqHHK ycI{JIHe
Bbr3brBaer
yBergr{eHue
Kprd-
RHsHbI
(<<no.nutt>)
naKeroB
cepAeqHuKa
14
o6paaoeaHue H3JroMoB
(..AouuxoB)>)
n6nnsu
crbrKoB ceKTopoB
cepAerrHvr<a.
<<Bo.nsa>>
Lr
<<AOMHKH)>
OTpHqaTeJIbHO
CKasbrBarOTCfl
Ha
UTOTHOCTT4 npeCCOBKH
cepAeqHnlr^a.
fugpannnrrecKue
ycr{Jrnfl
B ryp6nHe.
Kar
y)Ke
orMerraJrocb,
B
oceBoM
HanpaBJIeHHH
Ha BaJI reHeparopa
4eficrnyer
rHApaBJrutre-
cKoe
ycnJrr{e,
Bo3Hr.rKaroqee Ha
pa6oqeM
KoJrece
ryp6uHbr.
3ro
ycll-
nue
3aAaercff I{BforoBHTeJIeM
typ6uHu
n
yqurbrBaercfl
ttpn
pacqere
noAnflTHHKa
Lr
ouopnofi KpecToBr.rHbr
reHeparopa.
oAuaxo, KpoMe
grofi
nocrossHofi
cocraerRrculefi,
Bo3Mox<Ho
H aJIHqI{e
nep eMeHHbIx
cocTaBJrfl roulHx
f HAp
a
gfl
r,rqecKoro
ycr{Jr
Hf
,
Bbr
-
3bIBaloulwx
nu6paqurc
KpecroBI4HbI.
B
ocHosHoM
9To cocraBJrflFoulne
o6oporHofi
r{acrorbr,
a
raKxe
qacroTbr,
panuofi
o6oporHofi, yMHo-
xeHuoll
Ha
rIHcJIo
Jloflacrefi
pa6oqero
KoJreca
ryp6uun
(rax
Ha3br-
BaeMafl
JlonacrHar
rlacrota).
Or
gTr{x
qacror
orcrpar4Barorcs
co6-
crBenHbie
rracrorbr
BepruKaJrbHbrx
xo.ue6
anuft
poropa
rnAporeHepa-
ropa.
11-2, NA3OBA'
L{ACTb
OEMOTKh
CTATOPA
Ha
crepxHn
o6uorxu
craropa
B
nasoeort
tracrn
4eficrnyrcr
P
aAuaJIbHbIe
u
TaHfeHIIHaJIbHbIe
gJreKTpoAHHaMIrqecKHe
cuJrbr.
Pac-
cMorpHM
cHar{aJla
paAHaJIbHbre
cuJrbr,
geficrnynu{He
Ha
crep)KeHb
AByxcJroriHofi
o6uorxu, nex<au1efi
Ha
AHe
ra3a
(puc.
ll-1)
.
Ann
ynpoureHHfl
Ao[ycrHM,
rrro
roK
paBHoMepHo
pacnpeAeJrflercfl
no
224
nJIoqaAH ceqeHufl
crepx{Hefi.
TorAa
HLIlKHero
creplKl{q
dx
na
paccroflHl'In
XOALIT
TOK
qepe3
SJIeMeHTapHoe
ceqeHl'{e
x
or
uHxHeit
ero
rPaI{H
npo-
Lx
dx,
,/
fAe
h
BbICoTa
CTep)KHfl
6eS
H3OJIt{IIHH;
ir,
--
tON
B
HH}KHeM
creplKHe.
CpelHxn
r4HAyKr{Hfl
no[epeqHoro
Marl{HTHoro
IIoJIfl
B ceqeHHH
dx,
cosgaBaeMoro
roKoM
i*
(e npeHe6pelKellnll
MarIlHrHbIM
coilpo'
TrdBJreHHeM
CTail:n
craropa),
paBHa
Bx:
rAe
bn
-
IIIHpHHa
[a3a,
cM;
l-lo
-
MarHI'ITHas
nPoHHIIae-
MOCTb
Bo3Ayxai
[ro:
:4
n.
10-7
fH/u.
3.rr
errp
oAI{
H
a M
I{rI
ecK
a
fl
c
I'I
-
Jr&,
4efictnyrculaf
Ha
gJIe-
MeHTapHoe
ceqeHHe
HI4XHero
crepx(Hf,
dfn:B*ir:+
f"
+-
(11-l)
bn"hz
Puc.
l1-1.
K
onpeAenegglo
ycunnfi
o naey
I4Hrerpupyfl
BblpaxeHl{e
(11-1)
no .r
or
0
Ro
h,
uafiAeM
eJIeK-
TpoAHHaMHqecKyIo
cHJIy,
co3AaBaeMylo
ToKoM
iE
14
AeficrByloulyrc
H-a
eAHHI{Uy
AJII4HbI
HHx{Hero
cTep}KHf
B
na3y:
Ls
:-
tt
Fo
bn
.;:
:,
"i:
:i:
.'.,,*:
Y..::
f
t-
tH--
Fo
2b,
d*'
,
BePxHeM
cre'xHe
ta
d/
Ha
noilepeqHoro
MarHI'ITHOfO
nOJIff
B
ceqeHI
or
nHxrier?
fpaHH
BepxHefo
crep)KHfl
paBHa
.9
t;
3ra cr4ila
IIyJIbcHpyer
c
ABofiHofi
rlacToToll
ToKa
craTopa
OT
Hynfl
Ao
MaKcHMyMa.
AuanorHr{HbIM
o6pasorr,I
onpeAeJlfieTcfl
cHJIa'
Aeficreyiou{afl
ni
BepxHHfi
crep}KeHb.
Toxr
npoxoAfluIHfi
r{epe3
gJIeMeHTapHOe
ceqeHlle
BepxHero
crep)Kufl,
dxl,
paBeH
:'
tB,
otc
-
-
n
r4e
i"
-
ToK
B
kl:ntyKqun
paccrosHHH /
22:,
3axaa
Ne
910
Torla
cfiJra,
a,eficreyton{afl
Ha
gJreMeHTapHoe
ceqenr.re BepxHero
crep)KHfl
dx',
cocraBLIT
Cy rur rr,r
apH
afl
gJr
eKTp
oAr.rH
a M HqecK
afl,
cprJra,
Aefi
crByroqa
fl H
a eAH
-
t1s[Y
AJtHH.br
BepxHefo
cTepxHfl B
na3y,
df"-lo(tJ,d*'
,
bn
\
lt
-T-
x'dx'\
hr)
i":*
lTsin(2<o/*p)],
a,
tB
(,","-+)
llpH
cr.rMMerpraqHofi
Harpy3Ke
roKH
B crepx{Hrrx,
Jrex<au{HX
B oAHoM na3y
rr,
[pHHaAJrexauIHX
pasHbrM
Qasau,
cABHHym,r or-
HocHTeJrbHo
Apyf Apyra
Ha
yroJr
nl3. B
aroM
c,'ryqae MfHoBeHHafl
gJIeKTpoAHHaMlir{ecKafl
cwila,
4ericreyrculafl
Ha
eAHHprrIy
AJrHHbr
Bepxgero
creplKHs, Moxer
6urn
onpeAeJreHa
no
BbrpalKeHHFo
f"-#,'-[r*
rAe
sin
q
:
tf
+lZ
,
npnqeM
is:
I
*sin
col;
in
:
I
*sin
(of
:L
n/3).
Cuna
f"
sHaxonepeMeHtafl
v
uMeer
ABa
MaKcHMyMa.
flo.noxu-
re.rlrHufi MaKcHMyM
cooTBercrByer
claJre,
ilpr4x(r{Marculefi
eepxHHfi
cTepxeHb
Ko
AHy
na3a,
14
onpeAeJrfleTcf
BbrpaxeHHeM
fu
--
1
,16
-l!o-
12*.
'bn
Maxcut"talrb*afr,
orpHuareJIbHaff cuila,
BbITaJTKI{Ba}oqafl
crep-
xeHb
r43 rra3a,
paBHa
l":
-0,16
+
F*.
0n
il.nn
nprlMeHrrerr,tofi
o6rt.rHo
AByxcJrofiHofi
rpex$aenofi
o6irromu
cTaTopa
c
yKoporIeHHbIM
HJILI
yAJIHHeHHbIM
nepBbIM
iIIafoM
At
ilpH
q
nasax Ha
noJrroc u
Sasy
H roeQ$HrrneHroM
coKpauIeHHfl ,F
Aols
nasoB,
B
Koropbrx
Bepxnnfi,
vt HHxuHli
crepxHr{ npr.rHaAJrexar
pa3-
HbIM
Qasau,
Mox(er
6um
onpeAeJreHa
cJreAyrouIHM o6pasou:
T:l+l
:s(r-P)
3ro
nupax(eHne
cnpaBeAJrHBo npu
p>213.
flpu
AHaMerpaJrbHoM
uare ,F:
I
gHaqeHue
?:0
Lt,
cJreAoBareJrbHo,
Bo
Bcex
na3ax
crepx(Hu npr.rHaAJlexar oAHor{MeHHbrM
Sasarra.
flp"
p
<
2/3 Bo
Bcex
Ira3ax BepxH{.re
r{
HH}KHHe
crepxHu npr{HaAJrex{ar
pasAoHMeH-
HbrM
$asau.
226
'..11t
:ii
;.
.,9
t;:
.;.
.i
:3:
i..
,8
lr
$
fIpH
pacnoJIolKeHHII
B
na3y
crepxHeft
oAHorl
Qasn
fn:
12*
sin2
at
;
2bn
f
u:
#
f*sin2
ort
CunA,
AeI?cTByloUIaq
Ha creplKeHb
oAHocJlofiuoii
o6tuorxH,
Mo-
)Ker 6ulrr,
paccultraHa
no
Qopr'ay,re
(11-2).
npl
o(HoM
H
roM
>Ke
o6telre
roxa
B
na3y
AByxcJrolinori
H oAHocJloirnol?
o6uorox
ycH-
Jrr4fl.,
ltpHX<HMaIOuIHe
suxHprft
cTep)KeH^b.
KO
AHy
_I.la3a,
y HHX OAHHa-
KoBbr.
Kax
BHAHO
H3
Bbrpaxesuli
(l
l-2) Lr
(11-3),
npH
pacrorlox(e-
Hr4H
B
[a3y
crep]KHefi,
npI{HaAne}KaUIHX
oAHoit
Qase,.
paAHaJIbHbIe
cHJIbr
ilyJlbcupylor
or
HyJIfl
Ao
MaKcHMyMa
c
qacroroft
2f .
CrepxHr.r
B
na3ax
noABepfarorcfl
He
roJIbKo
paAHaJIbHbIM,
Ho I'I
TaHreHutraJrbHbIM
ycHJrHflM,
KOTOpbre
BO3HHKaIOT
I'I3-3a
BbITeCHeHUfl
qacTH
MaTHHTHOTO
nOTOKa CTaropa
B
na3bl
B
pe3ynbTaTe
Hacblllle'
HHfl
CraJrH
3y6qoB.
Hnayrueiq
MarHHTHoro
noJrfl
B
na3ax
Moxer
6rtrl
o[peAeJIeHa
C
noMorqblo
KpHBbrx
HaMarHur{HBaHHr
craJlH
3y6UoB
c
yqeroM BbI-
TecHeHHfl
MarHurHoro
noroKa
B
Bo3AyX
no cJIeAyIOUIeMy
Bblpa-
)KEHHIO:
Bn:
Bz
-
BrR
kt-
|
'
rAe
Br-
SuxrueHar
HHAyKUHfl
B
sy6t\ax,
paccql'IraHHafl
B
cooT-
BercrBHH
c
o6urenpHHflTofi
MeroAHKoft
no
IIoJIHoMy
MarHI4rHoMy
noToKy
cTaropa
u
cer{eHnlo
3y6IIoB;
Bzn-
AeficrBHTeJIbHaf
HHAyK-
IlHfl
B
3y6rlax
c
yrreroM
BbrrecHeHufl
r{acrn
MarHHTHoro
noroKa
B
[a3bri
ko
-orHorreHHe
cerreHlrfl
gy6ltoBoro
AeJIeHHfi
K
ceqeHnlo
3y6qa:
ht:tkl(b"l,f)
3Aecr
t
-
sy61loBbrfi
uar;
b"
-
1IIHpHHa
3y6[a;
It
-
noJIHafl
AJTHHa
cepAeqHnKa
craropa;
l"J
-
eQQexrI4BHafl
Anvra
c_epAer{Hl'I-K.a.
flo.trisynct
xapaKTepncrllKofi
-
HartaarHHqHBaHHg
Bzn:f
(H"\
'
M9)KH6
paccrlgTaTb
npll
3aAaHHbIx
ku rL
B,
AeftcrsgTeJlbHyCI
I{H-
AyKUI{!O
MarHHrHOfo
noJIfl
B 3y6qax:
BzR:
B,-
VoH
r(ftr-
i).
Ha
trpaKTHKe
paccqnrblBaercfl
H crpoHrcf
cepHfl
KpI4BbIx
Br:
:f
(H")
npH
pasrnr{Hbrx
3HaqeHHflX
ku,
qTo
IIo3BoJIfleT
aBToMaTH-
IICCKU
YTIHTbIBATb
BbITCCHCHI,IC
MATHHTHO|O
NOTOKA
B
NA3bI.
MryroeeHHoe
TaHreHIIHaJIbHoe
ycHJIHe'
AeficTByFou{ee
Ha
eAH-
11HrlY
AJIHHbI
CTepx{Hf
B
na3y,
A
f,
-
L
Bnl
*sin
col
sin
(col*
Q)
:
J\
-
2
'3n/-
[cos
Q-cos
(2r;,t
+
!,)1
.
fi;r
3Aecr
$-yrOJI
MexAy
BeKropaMI.I
3AC
H
roKa
B
creplKHe"
8*r
Po
(
l
1-2)
(r
l-3)
(1 1-4)
22i
Kax
BHAHo HB BblpaxeHHq
(ll-4),
e
raHreHrlr.raJrbHoM
ycr4Jn4r4
uMeIoTCq
ABe
COCTaB"[ffrOrrlHe: IrOCTOflHIiafl V
nepeMeHHafl
C
rraCTO-
rofi 2f
. llp"
r|l:0
ycurrHe
HMeer
nyrrbcnpyroqrlr?
xapaKrep H crep-
)KeHb
[pu)KHMaercq
N
6or<oeoii creHKe
na3a
no
HanpaBJreHHro
Bpa-
u{eHnfl
poropa.
Moxer
6lrrr, c,nyuali,
KorAa
eepxnuii v
suxHHfi
cTeplKl{rr,
Jre}Kau{he
B oAHoM lra3}/, HcfrbITbrBaIoT
B OAHH
MoMeHT
BpeMeHH
Tar{feHql4aJIbHbIe
ycvIJrLlfl
B npoTHBOrroJrO}KHbrx
HanpaB-
JICI]I,IflX.
I4snecrHo,
qro
B
rrpouecce eKcnJryarauun
noA
AeiicreHe[a
Ha-
rpeBa
v ny"rrrcHpyrolqnx ycunufi
Bo3r\{o}KHo
Bo3Hr{KHoBeHHe ocra-
rorrHbrx
aeQopu
arluft (ycaaSu)
crepxuefi, BcJreAcrBHe
r{ero
MexAy
creplKHeM
H [a3oBbrM K/rHHoM
o6pasyrorcfl 3a3opbr, T.
e.
Ha HeKoro-
poft
A/rHHe
creplKeHb ilo,ryqaer
ceo6o4y nepeMeuleuuii.
B
srrlx
ycJIoBlIflX paLldalrbLrafl
n TaHTeHIIHaIIbHAf 3JTeKTpOAHHaMHqeCKHe
cHJIbr
nos6yx4aroT eu6paquro crepxueli
B
rrpeAeJrax HMerouruxcfl
3a3opoB.
tlro6rr
ynJlorHurb
crep)KHr4, a raKx{e
c
qeJrbro
npeAorBpa-
IIIeHHfl
npOUeCCOB
HOHHSAI\WV
BO3AyXa Me)KAy
Crep)KHflMH
Lr
CreH-
KaMH
na3a,
B HacToflu{ee
BpeMf
B KpynHbrx
rHApofeHepaTopax
s
6oxoeori
sasop
Me)KAy
crep)KHflMH r.r
rra3oM
ycraHaBJruBaror
BoJr-
HHcrbIe
npoKJraAKH Hs rroJrynpoBoAflu{ero
creKJroreKcroJrr,rra.
3ru
[poKJIaAKr{
npH>KHMaTOT
CTepN{eHb K
CTeHKe
na3a
V
3a
CrIeT CV[r
TpeHHfl yAep)Kr{Baror
ero or
nra6paqrafi.
flranneHue,
Koropoe
co3Aaer
BOJrHr.rCTafl
npoKJraAKa,
cocTaBJrfleT oKoJro
200
xIIa rtilv,
npH
BbI-
core
crep)KHfl 0,05 M,
ycHJrHe
l0
xH sa
Merp
AJrHHbr
crep>KHr.flpu
aM[JIHTyAe
roKa
B crep)KHe
I*:5
xA v
[rHpI{He na3a
bn:3 cM
MaKcI{MyM
oJleKTpoAuHaMraqecxor?
cHJrbr
no Bbrpa>KeHuro
(11-7)
co-
CTABHT
|
,5'4n'l0-z
*
3r
T.
e. 15
%
ycr4ltr4r,
pa3BnBaeMoro
npoKJra4xoft. Tar
xax cHJIbr
rpe-
nun
AeitcrByror
Ha
AByx
rroBepxHocrflx, ro rrpu roaSSuqr{eHre
rpe-
HHfl,0,075
u 6o.nnure oHr4
yAepx(HBaror
creplKe.Hb
or
su6pauufi,
B
HoMHHaJrbHoM
pexr{Me pa6oru
fuAporeHeparopa.
1 1-3.
JIOSOBA'
T{ACTb
O6M OTKV, CTATOPA
AHa.[Hs MexaHHqecKofo
cocToflHug.
no6oe'ofi
qacru
o6uorKn cra-
Topa paina4aercfl
Ha
ABe
cpaBHHTeJrbHo
HesaBHcHMbre
gaAaqu:
otrp
eAeJIeI{ He
gJr
eKTp oAH H
a
rvr Hqec KHx
y
cunui,t
AJr
fl
p
a
3Jr HqH brx
p
eN{H
-
MoB
pa6orn
ruAporeHeparopa
14
pacrrer
eu6p
atxufr, I4
HanpqxeuHfi
e
o6[aorKe.
Ans
peueHnfl
nepeorl
3aAar{H
Heo6xoAnuo sHaTb MarHHrHoe
noJle
B 3oHe
pacnoJrolKeHufl
.ro6oeurx
qacreii
o6uorxu. 3ro MaTHHT-
Hoe
IIoJIe
npHHflTo
[peAcraBJrrrb KaK
pe3yJrbrar
cJrox{eHufl
nonefi,
BbI3BaHHbIX
TpeMfl
npr.rr{HHaMH: ToKaMH B
no6oeort
qacrr.r
o6uorxu
craropa,
ToKaMH
B
.tro6oeofi
qacrn
o6uorxu
poropa
H TopqeBbrM
BbInyqLIBaHHeM
ocHoBHofo
MarHHTHoro
noJrfi
MaIIIHHbI. Taxoe cJro-
)KeHHe
c[paBeAJrHBO
npl{ trocToflHHoM
MaFHHTHoM
ConpO',rHBJIeHr.lJr
228
(5'103)2:
15
H/cnr:
1,5
xH/tr,t,
$eppOuarHHTIIbIx
Macc,
eTo
npeAroJIo>KeHHe
o6rtquO
vr
rtpI4HHMa-
ercfl
AJrfl
pacqeTa
ycr4Jrr4i4
B
JIO6OBOI1
qacrH
o6MorKH.
Ec.nu
MarHr.rTHoe
noJre
lr3BecTHO,
TO
yCHII4e
F,
AeficrByroll\ee
Ha
npoBoLIiHK
ffnprrlofi
dl,
c
ToKoM
it, onpele"rrtleTcfl
I43BecTHOiI
Qop-
MyJroH
F
:
lr
(dl1
x
B),
(11-5)
fAe
B
-
UUgyNUvtn
MafHHTHOfO
nOJIfl
B
TOqKe,
rAe
OilpeAe'rlfeTcfl
CVJIA.
Eng
yrleTa
TOpIIeBOpO
BbinyqgBaHHfl
OCHOBHOpO
[O"'Ifl
ilOCTy-
fiaror
c,,IeAyIoUtIM
o6pa3oM.
KaxArtfi
surox
o6uorxu
craTopa
LIJIH
poTopa
MbIcreHHO Aono,'rHflIOT
nepeMbIrIKaMI',I
(urrpHxonr'te
JIT4HLIIu
iru
p'c.
ll-2,
a),
ilo
KoropbIM
nporeKarcr
ABa
paBHbIX
H
nporgBo-
ITOJIO)KHO
HaIIpaBJIeHHbIX
TOKa;
-Kaxi-- \
cKocrH
MaITIHHbI.
BMecro
Aeficrsu-
TeJIbHOiI
KarylxKH
noJlyqalorcfl
TPI4
;.n;ffi""?'J"rypu
(p"c.
1l-2,
6):
tl
lt
ll ll
',drnm nn- il lY
ll
lt
lnfi
H3
roKoB
paBeu
roKy
B
.no6oeot:t
o)
4 ,.,\.
qacrH
naHHoro
BHrKa.
3ru
ilepeMblq-
'7\
/
\
KH
pacnoJlaf
alor
ABa
rpafiHnx
KoHrypa
saMeHrlor
JIo--
'l
l' I
6oetreqacrlao6uotxH,acpeAHIIH
I I
l--
IlpeAcraBrlner
co6ofi
KaryrrrKy
QIIK-
\i----7 5==7
rneHofi
MauIHHbI
6es
.[o6oeL'tx
qa-
\r/ V
crefi.
Tar<
Ka:r^
MAC
QuxrunHofi
MaIIIHHbI
IIOqTH
nOJIHocTbIo
ypaBHo-
Puc.
ll-2.
K
yqery
ropueBoro
BeIII{Baercfl
IIaAeHI{eM
MafHI4THofo
BbluyquBaHufi-
ocHoBHoro
noJIfl:
IIOTeHIII,I
AIIA
B
BO3AyIXHOM
3a3ope'
TO a
--eutox
o6uoffiu;
6
-
ycnoe-
y
grofi
Ma[IHHbI
TopqeBbIM
BbInyqH-
HbIe
KoHrypbl
BaHHeM
IIoJIfl
Mo>KHo
nPeue6Peun'
ECflU,
KpOMe
TOrO,
TOpIlbI
MaIIII'IHbI
CqI'ITaTb
6eCXOger{HbIMH
nJIo-
cKocrflMg
6ee
MafHHTHoro
conporHBJIeHI,Ifl
rtJru
6es
ilpoHl'IqaeMo-
cTH,
TO
I{X
BJIHflHHe
Ha
MafHHTHOe
IIOJIe
MO}KHO
yIIecTb
no
npuH-
qury
3epKaJrbHoro
orpalKeHHfl
Bcex
npoBoAHI4KOB
(QaxruuecKllx
H
vcroeurtx)
orHocllreJlbHo
roplroB'
'-
Tunrrra'o6pa3oM,
3aAarla
cBoAHTcf
K
o''peAeJIeHHIo
MarHHTHoro
rroJrfl
B
Bo3Ayxe,
BbI3BaHHOTO
TOKaMH
npoBoAHHKOB
CTaTopa
H
po-
ropa H
lix
orpalxeutttl.
Ans
pacqeTa
MaTHHTHOTO
IIOJIfl
B
3OHe
.[O6Oelix
qacrefi
o6-
MOTKTT
cTaTOpa
ilpH
yKa3aHHbIX AO[yIleHLIflx
IIpHMeHflIOTCS
ABa
noAXoAa,
r{crroJrb3oBaHHbre
B
pa6orax
[64,
67].
B
nepeoft
krc
erHX
pa6or
Bce
ripoBoAHHKH
pas6uealorcfl
Ha
AocTaToqHo
MaJIbIe
npflMo-
.rrUHefigUe
yUaCrfH,
OIIpeAeJIf
eTCf
MafHHTHOe
IIOJIe,
BbI3BaHHOe
KaxAbIM
TaKHM
yqacTKoM,
a
3aTeM
IIo
BbIpa>KeHHlo
(11-5)
BbIrII4c-
JrflroTcfl
r1
CyMMrrpyroTcfl
CHJIbI,
Aeficreyrculue
oT
BCeX
yqaCTKOB
II'
Bcex
npoBoAH"^o'".
flpll
3roN4
ocgouoii
flBJlflercs
Sopuy'ua
Ello-
Canapa
(11-6)
228
dH:#(0r,";),
onpeAeJrfrou{afl
HanpflxeHHocrb
MarHHTHoro
noJrff dH,
Bbr3BaH-
HO|O
TOKOM
iz,
npOTeKarOUIr.rM rro
sJreMeHTapHoMy
npoBoAHHKy
dlz,
flonoxeuue
roqKn, B
r<oropoii
orpeAeJrflercr
Harprx(eHHocrb,
3aAaHO
eAHHHrrHbrM paAHycOM-BeKTOpoM
r
I
r.
B
pa6ore
[67]
roKri B no6ostrx
rracrflx
ryp6oreHeparopa
npu-
6.nuxeHuo
3aMer{qlorcfl noBepxHocrIIbIMrr,
Herrpepbrnuo
pacilpeAe-
JIeHHbIMI4
4
HaXOAHTCfl
MafHHTHOe
IIO,Ire,
BbI3BaHIIOe
3THMtr
TOKaMH.
Sror
noAXoA
o6o6qeH H HcnoJrb3oBau
A,lrs
pacqera
vclraafi
B
rur-
poreHeparopax
B
pa6ore
[471.
PaccuorpHM
roApo6Hee pacr{er
14
(11-6).
Cor.nacso
,)
cHrI
Ha
ocFIoBe
Qopuy"rr
(
I 1-5)
-6)
MafHHTHafl
HHAyr{rlufl,
Bbr-
So
pMyrre
(
I I
Piac.
11-3.
K
oilpeAeJleHuo ycunui,t
e
no6oeofi.racru:
a-oArrH
rrpoBorHuK
c ro-
KOM; O-{Ba
npOBOAHHKa
38aHHag
np_fli\,roJrHHerlurtu
lrpoBoAHHKoM
C TOKOM iz,
B npor.r3BoJrb-
sofi
roqxe
M Bo3AyrrrHoro
npocrpaHcrBa
paBHa
no
MoAyJrlo
I
drl
-
ffi
dl,
sin a,
rae_g-yrorr
Me)KAy
dlzv
r
(puc.
ll-3,a).
Tax
KaK lz--htgF,
r:hlcos
F,
ro
I
dB
|
:#cos
B
dB.
Hurerpr-rpyfl
ro
,0 or
l3r
Ao.Fr,
uaxoAHM
lBl:#(sinBr-sinB1).
Bexrop B HanpaBJreH
nepneHAnKyJrflpHo
[.rrocKocru,
npoxoAfl-
I{efi
qepe3
[poBoAHHK
u
ror{Ky
hI.
Ecnu
npoBoAHHK
pacnoJro>Ker{
no
o6e
cropoHbr or rorrKH
FI,
TO
yfo/r
gr
HaAo
crrHraTb orpHua-
TEJIbHbIM.
230
6)
Ai
(
I
1-7)
flyctl
renepb
qepe3
roqKy
M
npoxoAnr
npoBoAHHK'
Hecyrqufi
rox ii. Vcll.tue,
Aeiicisyrcu{ee
B
ToqKe
M
na
eAHI{I{uy
AJIHHbI
sroro
npoBoAHHr(a,
corJlacHo
sopuy.rre
(11-5)
6yaer
paBIIO
I
F,l
:
it
I
B
I
sin
41,
(11-8)
fAe
Or
-
yfoJl
MelKAy
gpOBOAIIL1KOM
c ToKoM
iy
H
BeKTOpon'r
B'
I4cno.us3yfl
H3BecrHbre
SopMynbI
aralrvrr4.lecxofi
reoMerpHH,
BbI-
pa3HM
cwily
qepe3
KoopAHHarbI
KoHIIoB
o6oux
ilpoBorr,HuKoB.
'
flyort,
"
Ar(ir,
Ut,
lrr),
Ar'
(xr',
Ur',
z{)
A
Ar(xr,
!/2,
zz).,
Ar'(Xr',
Uz',
Zz')
-
KOOpALII{aTbI
KOHI{oB
npOBOAHI{KOII
c
ToI{aMI{
I1
rl iz' coor-sercrBellHo
(pllc.
11-3,
6).
O6o3HaqIIM:
ax:
Xz-
Xz,i
b
*
-'
X-
X',;
cx
-
Xz_-
xi
aa
:
Uz-
U.zi
b
s
:
!/
-
Azi
clr
':
!/z-
lli
Qz:Zz-Zzi
bt:Z-Zz;
Cz:Zz-Z'
Tor.u,a
AA;:
(o1*
o7+
o2)''';
MAz
-
G\*
t?u
+
r3)',',',;
MAz:
(u?*
b'o+
b2)'/';
AzH
:
l*b**
laba
+
lrb,,
r,u,e
/*
-
a*l
(ArAr')
i
lu--
arl
(AtAr')
i
l,:
a,l
(ArAr') '
Tenepr
HaxoAhM
MH
-
I(M
A2)'
-
(ArH)'lt
''
rBr:#(#:#)
H
rro
(11-7)
9ro6u
orpeAeJll{rb
sin
or
B
BbIpaxeHI4H
(
1 1-8)
'
3anHIIIe-q
n-p9-
"*r\i^-
i*',
Io'i
Ii BeKropa
B
(r.
g. yo.py
?rrr4
K
nrlocKocru
MA2A2')
H
npoeKqnla-
1*",
ls",
tr"
orpesxa
ArAt'.
I4ueeu
l'*:
(arco- arcr)lG;
t.:
(*r-
*'t)t(etAi);
G
--
l(a"c
a
-
a
ac
r)'
+
la
rc
*-
a
{
!/)'
I
(a
rc
r
-
a,c
*)'lt
/'
;
ta
:
(a*c"-
arc*)lG;
t;
:
(A,
-
A'tY
VtAi);
l,:
(aoc*-
a*co)lG;
ti--
(zr-7'r)t(A,,A'r);
ArA,
:
i(",
-
v',)'+
Qt-
!J't)'+
(r'
-ri)2]r"2
I'I,
CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO,
sin
cr1
:
It
-(t.ti+
t)rtr+
i,t:)')'''.
Ocraercs
onpeAeJrHTb
HarrpaBJIeHHe
cHJIbI
F
KaK
IIepneHAHKy-
JIflpa K B u
A1A1'.
OHo
sa1aercfl
orpe3KaMn
Lr,
Lo,
Lr,
Koropbie
HaxoAfTcfl
H3
paBeHcTB
Lx
t-a
___4:sin-lcrr.
Lz
La
Ec.nn
x(eHHOrO
isl',
-
isi',
COBMCCTI,ITb
Aeficretlrc
i*i,
-
i*i,
ttlx
1t tl
a
lL lt
-
L
vL tl
^v ,5
(11-e)
noABep-
MO>KHO
oo I
J,) L
ocb
J'
c
HanpaBJIeHHeM
npoBoAHHKa,
cHJIbI,
To
B
npeAbIAYIrlux
Qoplray"nax