Дараган М.В. Основы школьного декоративно-оформительского искусства

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

IJ€T<ICNC-TTU

dgBl s'ra,l_"€

ff)T€'€s

5€rl

LfA€."TC_lKBAI(IN

Uf-gC[A.l-€

4. Prrirlcr*ul

yHrlfial.

Ilar,roH nepa x crpone 0'

PUltCtQtil

nOJt yyHllilaJ.

3gO.trtOUut

6yxntt

<A>.

l(lt1to,'ttttttt

tlttii ltttttyctiyn

6. loruuecnuft

urpurpt

IITO

H B TOTLIIICCKOM IICKYCCTBC. OCO6YTO OPI.IAMCIITAJIbIIOCTb,

TPYAH.O-

qHTaeMocTb

npHAaeT eNry c6nlrxeHrre

rr coeArrueHller

oTAe,'rbHbrx 6yKB

(puc.

6).

B anoxy Boaporx,4eHrr r

ero

Bbrrecrlror

Apyrr.re

urpuSrlr

Bcex

crpaHax,

r(poMe

fepuanraH. Tau

orr trcxyccrBeHHo rrogep)KuBaa-

npocyrqecT'Boua,'r

KoFrqa

nropoir r,nzpoeofr

solilrur.

B anoxy

Peneccauca

noA

Bd'ruflHueM

orpoMrroro rtrrepeca K

aHTLtq-

Hocrr.r norrB.rrflercr Honuli ruprQr, no,ryuunLului

rragBaHue HoBoKapo-

JrlrHrcr(or-o r.rv'rr..r fyr\'IaHrrc'ruiqecr(ofo.

OH eogHr.rx so O,ropeuuflu

KoHLle

XIV seKa. BeHAy roro

qro

coxpaHHBrxr4ecrr K'roi\ty

BpeMet{H alrruqHbre

xuuru 6rrnu lrepenucaHbr

e XI eexe KapoJtHIlrcKHM r\nruycKynou,

uoeru)l

rupuQr fiBHJrcrr

eno

pa3rroBr.rAFrocrbro.

I4cropnuecxlu'r nepe"tolr

pa3Br4rr.lLt

lrpuS'rou cBrr3ar{

c eosHr.rxHo-

BeHlreM

KHr.rrofleqaranuq.

B cepeArrHe

gexa

ssrAalouufict

HeMeu-

xufi

uscl6perare"rr l'lorarrH

fyreH6epr co3Aa,'r

cnoco6 neqaraHHrr

KHHI

noABuxHbrMH JrHrepaNlr.

flepnue ero Kr{uru

fleqara,'rHcb

eu{e

rornqe-

cxuv

u-rpHrfTol\,r,

Tar{ KaK

ar.rr}rKBa n l-epnraunH

pacnpocrpalreHurr

Me,[A .

IlIpHSr

anrirr(Ba

no3nHK

Vranun

ocHoBe

ryMaHr.rcr14qecKoro

rrucbMa.

Macrepa

atloxu BoepoNAeuurr

co3Aa/'nr efo,

onupaflcb

Ha 3a Korro\,repHOcrH

nocrpoerr

u ff JrarnHcxofo

Kanura,rrbHoro

rup

n$ra.

flpo6,rene floclpoerrun

6yrn

3ro

Bllcl,tl

yAe,/rnJrocb

orpoMHoe

BrrH-

I\raHHe. B rparcrarax

Jleouaplo

Buuuil

nafi4euu

o6pasqu

4nyx

6yxe,

paapa6orauHbre

tseJrHKrrM

Macreporlr.

On cunra,r, uro

urpuQr u

apxHreK-

Typa

HaxoARTcR

B'recHoii cBH3rr, rax KaK

cBolx npoflopu.uflx

u rupnsr,

i.r

apxurer{rypa r.lAyr

or copa3NrepHocrrr

pocroM

rJeJroBeKa.

Tax xe

KaK

A,'r14Ha

,ruua

yK,[aAblBaercr

cpurype

Aecflrb

pa3,

cropoHa

KBaApa-

E aHTHKBe

AeJrru'cfl

rrao4y,uefi;

noxpyr

qe,'roBeqecKofo

reJra c

7. IIIpugr

Topu

pacnpocTepTbrMH

pyKaMH

LI lxnpoKo

paccTaB,'IeHIIbIMI{ HoraMH

MO}KeT

6lrrr

orucau

KBaApar udIIII

Kpyr,

Koroplie ffBrflxlrcfl ocHoBoti

npI{

no-

crpoeHfiH

aHrrrKBbr.

3ra csqsl

u-rpu$ra c

$urypolt

qe,iloBel{a

HauJia

orpa)KeHue

npu nocrpoeuuu

TopH

6yxn aHrIiKBbl

(pnc.

7).

llepnue

np aBH,IIa

ocrp

oeH u

n,rtarl'tHcKof o tup

u$ra

6lt"rtH

ug,ro>xenlt

yqeHHKoM

JIeoHapAo

"rlyxoli

fla,{onil

rpaKrare

6oxecrseltHofi

npo-

nopqur>

(1509

r.). OH

npe4naraJl

crpoll'fb

6yNeu Ha ocHoBe

KBaApara,

r{c[o,'rb:Jyrl

ero.ArrafoHa,irr H BuucaHHyic

B ltefo oKpy)KHocrb.

IIIpv$r,

rpe4,roxeHHuti

flauo;ril, KpacuB,

'uo

HecKoJIbl(o

o4uoo6paaeH.

Becl ,raruscxurl ansaerlr

cl{o}IcrpyapoBa,'t

Anl6pexr

!,ropep.

TaK)xe

6pan

za ocrroBy

KBa/r\par,

Ae,ru,l

efo

cropoHy ria

uacrei'1,

Hcno,rrb3oBad'r

Bnrdcanryxl or{py}KHocrb.

To,ruinua

ocHoBl{oro urpHxa

eu6upa.racl

panuoli

l/10

qacru

KBaApara,

Aono,'tHHre,'tbHble

ilrpt'txtl

6sl,'ru

rpH

pa3a

roHbirre. Flexoropue

Ae'r'a,'IH

6yxr ou

pttcoBa,l

pyt{rt.

Bnepnue

Ilcropur.t

flropep

AaJI

pa3,'rnqHbre

BapIlaHTbI

HariepraHuq

/l,rtl

oAsofi

r.r'roii

xe 6yrelr. Ero urpzQr

)KIiBee,

KotirpacrHee,

ueu rupltrp'r

fIaqo.nu.

flpuuurtnrt

.Ll,ropepa

I4clro,'tb3oBa,'I

nocrpoettl'ru

ttlplrtlrtlr

)l(rlrlrllVl

Topu.

Ilpo$eccop

Qusuo,'toruH,

oH,

LI3yTIHB

lunorpa(rlic)c...ru'.rlo

Ill;r'

JtHLt,.3AHflilCA

rpaBUpOBaHUeM

AepeBe

obtcl'l)o

lll)ll()l)l)('./l

llr('(

HOCTb.

Topn CraUOBr.rTcfl H3AaTe,IetU,

KOpO,'ttt

(l)l)itttllttt

ti;t

rl().rl\,l;r('l'

TLrTy,lI

KOpO!'ISBCKOTO

rUnOfpaQa,

1529

t'(UtV

ort ltrr(ir('l

('rr(,t ('{)'lllrlr'-

uue

<-IJ,neryrUuti,ryr>,

KoTopoM

pal6ltpat't'll()ttlr()l,t

n{J(

rlr()('tttrrr

tttptrtlt-

TaTtllla

aH'fHKBa HaocHoBaHHll

Ill)ollol)l|.llll

rl("rl()11('rlr'(

l\t)l{)

l("rl;l

JllilLil'

OcHosa

ero

6yxntt

-KBa/lpa't'

('o

('l()lror('ii

1r;r

r'r'

,r(

rlr'ii rrlt l0

qa-

Cfeii.

EfO

fUpUQr

Met.leC

t(olt't

l)it("t

('lt,

'lt'rt

trt;rtlrlrt

rllr

';,1'p;1,

r;l('('rll(lt

l(pyll-

Hee:

floc'rpceltutrji

Ir().rnr( il,r(r lrlrr

r()Nlrrlrr

llrlrr\\.1rtl

rl Jlllllclllill,

6o,ree lutorro'lc.rlrttt

(1tt

tc.

tr).

IlIpuQr

TopH,

4ono,rneuuurii

6yxaalru

pyccKoro

anQanura, V,le6uan

pa6ora

)l(up

i r aa KJr

accnuncn{qec[ag

t tKBa

(Lrp

uQ r r u n a aHr.rrn

riqior

flolrr.nr,lo reoperuKoB,

na1

trtpu$ran,tu

pa6oranrl

KpynHbre Macrepa-

runorpaQlr.

l4nreHso

nl,rr.r 6lr,rrr

co3Aarrbr

ruputflrlr c r,ra,roii Kon.rpacrHo-

cTblo

txTptrxoB.

Paesnrue

enponeficxoil xyntryplr

Ayxe

K"1accfi(r,t3Ma

o6yc,uonu-

Jro nepexoA K KJraccuuucru.recxori

aHruKBe. Ee

.tyuuue

Sopuu

orHo-

clrcfl K KoHr{y

XVIII

-Har{ary

XIX

eeKa.

C XVIII

BeKa

B eA?rHoM

pycJre

c 3anaAr{bri'vrr4

npucprarran

Haquuaer

pasBuBarbcrr

pyccxnii

upu$r.

X]X

nex

-BpeMfl

co3Aar-rrrfl

crpoMHofo Ko,Tfir{ecrBa pasHoo6pa:-

Hbrx

.pHcyHXon

rupu$roe. B

Airrnuir

Har{aJre

nexa

paspa6arbrBaercl

txpuQr c

oqeHb x{Hpr{L,rMr.l

ocHoBHbrMr.r

txrpHXaMr.t

H upesemuaiiFro

ron-

KHMr4

AonoJrHure,!bHbrMu,

rro,.ryqr{Bulufi

nagnasue aur,ruricxoro.

fIo-

fln;reHHe

ero

cBfl3aHo

c oQopu,reHlreM

ra3er,

peK,'IaM,

rpe6onanulrx

crre-

uHSuqecKHX

upucproa

(puc.

9).

XIX

BeKa.npotropr{ilrl

6yKB

6H,ru HeusN{eHHbrMr.r,

rerrepb

)Ke

co3Aalorcfl

upu$ru

y3xue,

rrJupoKlre,

x{r4pHbre

rr cBer,'rbre. Paspa6a.rtr-

Baercfl erunercxrlfi

lrpuQr

yroJrxleulrbrMu

saceqKar,ru.

Ero

pa3HoBl.lA^

Hocrblo trBuJrcfl

lrpuQr

ura"riqHcxuri.

f]osereur4e erfinercxofo

Apy-

rux

upuQroB,

HMerourux

npocroli

qerxail

pilcyHoK,

6H,ro

ebrseaHo

norpe6uocraMrl

HoBofi

nonurpa$uuecxofi

rexsvr<v

-lHrorpa(tuu.

BosunKaror

raKlKe

lrprz$rlr

c o6:lelrHtrnall

6yxnanru,

nepe4ro

pa3,'IzqHbrMr.r

yKpaueHurMH.

B xouqe

XIX u Haqa,'re XX

nexa

r(oHKy-

Peuqug

sacraB,rrrrer

co3AaBaTb

Bce HoBbIe tl HoBbre upuQru,

Mrrotrre H3

Koropbrx

6lr,ru

xpariue

HeyAaqHbruu

u 6eanrycrrbrMlr.

B nepnuerpu

AecflTr4Jreraq

BeKa

noflB,'rflercs

MHo)KecrBo

HoBbrx

upuQroe. B

rporecxax,

u"ull

py6neHr,rx

upu$rax,

Her sacerreK, crpyr{-

rypa 6yNe, KaK

aHruKBbr,

rrtrpHHa

rxrpr.ixoB

npocrbrx

$opn,t

o4Hna-

rona.

Oun lprzMeHsrorcrr

oqenb

uupoKo.

Coepeueunoil

nao4asuxaqueii

aHTr.rKBbr sB,'rflercrr

,'reHToqHag

AHTHKBA.

py6eNe

XIX-XX

Ber{oB Bo3Hr.rKaer

pflA

mprlQron

noA B,'rnfl-

HHeM

crr.rJrrr, [o,'ryrrr4Brxero

rra3BaHr.re Mo,qepH.

IIIpHQrlr

grofo

BpeMeHr.r

orfluqaer

auopQHocrl,

cKpyr,'reHHocrb,

yc,'roN{HeHHocrr,

rrreHrlu.

[anr-

Hellmefo

pa3Br4Tr4f

oHA

He no,ryqflJIu.

saqane XX

seKa cyuecrBoBaJro

MHeiirre,

qro

cr'reAyer orKa3arbcrr

or o6u,'Itrfl upu$ron,

ocraBHB Jrr.rub

rpyfiny

py6reHbrx

xar sau6o,ree

yAo6oquTaeMbrx

cBoHM HarrepraHneM

coorBercrByrourrrx

Ayxy

Bpe-

naesu.

Ouu6oqHocrb

noAo6Horo

B3r,'rflAa oqeBuAr.ra.

Hacroquree BpeMfl

He orAaercr npeAfioqreHrlfl

KaxoMy-Jru6o

oguolry

rupH<pry. lllupoxo

fioJlb3y]orcn

upu$rauz

Bcex ocrroBHbrx

rpyrril.

Py6,reutre

npu{lrtr va-

ule

Apyrflx

npt,tMeHr]orcfl

Jrulrb

npu o$opunre,'rbcKux

pa6orax.

H3 HCTOPI{I|

PyCCK0[O tuPltoTA

I4e

4nyx

Bo3HHxrrrux

ApeBuocru

cr.rcreM

c.raBrrHcKoro

[ucbN{a

ulafo,/lurlbr r4 KLTpHJIJIHUbI

yAepx{ar'Iacb-

pa3Br.rdracb

rroc.rleAHflfl.

OHa ocHosrrBaercfl sa

nusaHruiicNoii

cucreue rilcbNra,

nseAerra s

nexe. Cos4areJrfl r\{r4

cr'taB

3axa:

339

Eccltg&S$fu

ler-.6u.n

l r

ara

KHp

Lr"'rn n Merlro-

,i:

jlj,i

f'*:;;...

{ul6ffiSd

Aui.i,

no ulreHu

oAHoro

u3 Koropbrx oHa noJryqtrJra cBoe

Ha3BaHr4e.

Kl,r-

punlr

11 lleQo4url co3Aa,'ru as6yNy c

qerxoii

ncuofi

rpa$uxofi 3HaKoB,

rlOr'IO)KUB

B CCFIOBy

tpeqecKoe

yHUHaJIbHoe

rlHCbMO, OTI{yAa

CJIaBflH-

ct<ut? xglrx flepeu/ro

npeo6na4auub replnxa,reii n

rrauepraurinx 6yxn.

3ra

oco6ensocrb

yAepx{a,'racb

pyccKoM

an$aurrre

/{o

Hauux

Arreri.

Hau6o,ree

ApeBHflr

H3 rrgBecrr{brx

HaNl

$op-rrr

r{upuJrJrr.{rrrrr

ycraBHoe

rrncbMo.

Coxpauznucb

pyKonucu

nexa,

rrarrrcarrr{bre

ycra-

nolr. 3ro MeA,'reHHoe,

Tlqare,rbHoe,

pa3MepeHrroe

nlcbMo.

Iiyxnrt

cxo-

pee

pilcoBa,'rucL,

nepoM,

qeM

ril{ca/tncb,

TaK TpyAoeMKo

6u,'to rx ilcrroJr-

HeHue. flpur,repou

Mo)Ker c,'rylKrrrb urpraQr,

KoropbrM Hanucauo

<Oc-

rpoMr.rpotso

EeaHrelrzeD. EyNnu

crpofo BeprnKaJrbHbr,

KBaAparHbr, rfl-

>Ke,rrbr.

Paccran.neuu

orrv B crpoKe

peAKo.

Orcyrcrnue crpouuux

6yxn

[ponycKoB

Me]KAy

cJroBaMu

(3To nficbMo MarocKy,'rbHoe) 3aTpyAHflJIo

r{TeHrre.

Vcrae

-lrpuSr

pyccKofo

cpeAHeBeKoBrs.

Os KoHTpacreH,

uMeer 3aceqxu

(puc.

l0).

llocreneuuue

r.r3MeHeHrrfl B

no3AHrrx

Qopruax

ycraBa

HaMerHJIpr

ne-

pexoA

e XIV

Ber(e

HoBoMy upuQry

[o,'ryycraBy,

nocd'ry]Kr.rBrueMy

o6paeuou

\Jtfl

nepBbrx

pyccKr.rx

reqarrrbrx nrpuQroe.

KoHrpacr-

Ilocrb rxrprJxoB

B rro,ryycraBe MeHbrrrafl,

oAHr4

H Te

N<e 6yxnst Moryr

HMeTb

pa3JIHr{HOe

HarrHCaHLIe, B HaqepTaHI,tH Iix

IrOflBr'IfeTcfl HaKJ|oH,

3aceqKr.r

Bcrpeqalorcq

peAKo.

llucluo 6o,ree

y6opucroe;

rl.rraercrl

,'Ielqe

ycTaBa,

TaK KaK IrofBlt,'I[cb 3HaKfl npentlHaH],tfi H I,lHTepBaJIbr

Me>KAy C,'rOBaMI4.

nropori

rrerBepru

eexa, To ecrb

nor{Tr4

oAHoBpeMeHHo

noJry-

ycraBoM,

pacnpocrpaHflercr

cKoponucl.

Bogsr{K[rafl

4na

sanuceft

Ae,rosofi

neperlrcKu,

oHa

noJryqaer urrpoKoe npnMeHeHr.re H ucnoJlb-

3yercfl

Aalt{e

A"IIfl

neperIHcKLI xgzr.

Cxopongcb

ngcbtuto 6ucrpoe.

Efi

npucytrir{

NiHofoqucd'reHHbre

coKpauleHHfl c,'IoB,

MHorooopa3r.Ie Haqep-

Tal{ufl

oArrHX

u re

}Ke 6Jrxs

e 3aBrlcr.rMocrll or 3HaKoB,

r.rAy[Ir]x cJIeAoM,

XVII

BeKe cr{oponrzcb

Aocruraer

cBoefo

pacuBera.

Pnp,6yt<u

H3 cKo-

ponucn

Tofo

BpeMeHu

coxpaHz,ircfl

B Ha[IeM

nHcbMe tloqTrj

oe3

I,I3Me-

ueHrzfi

(a,

6, a,

H HeKoropbre

4pyrue).

seKa B 3ar,'raBr{rx KHr.rr npHMeHrercfl

AeKoparr4BHoe

rrucbMo

8ff3b,

l{oroparr

npeBpaqaJra crpoKy satraBr4tr

He[pepbrBunii,

paauo-

ruteplrlrri

opHaN{eHr. Taxyrc

ocg6yro

AeKoparr.rBHocrb

sroMy

nr4cbMy npH-

AaBa,'ro

coKparqeHr{e

6yxn u ax

yKparxenue.

tlacro

coceAHue

zHaKr4

o6reruustnucb,

r{N,refl oAzH o6ulufi

nepruxa"rlHufi

urpux. flycrornt

Mex(Ay 6yxnaruu sarro,lHflJrrJcb

opHaMeHroM HJrH

apyroft

6yr<nofi. ,rlyv-

nrie

o6pasqbr

Bfl3H

cJro)Kr4J'rr.rcb K cepeAurre

XVI

eexa. C,{asu,'rucrcsoefi

Brr3blo,

rpaBr.rpoBaHuofi

AepeBe,

KuHfH VlsaHa @eg,opona. B

pyxo-

rHctlx H cTapHHltbIx KHrirax

Bf3b

qaule

Bcero

npI.IMeHg,lacb B HaqaJle

Texcra.

O6nrrso

oHa BbrrroJrHflJracb

Kr4HoBapbro u,ru

4pyrofi

rpacuofi

xpacxoi.i

(puc.

11).

B cepe4uue XVI

seKa l4sauoM

@e4oponuu tr ero noMorrrnnxoirn fler-

por,r

McrHc,,raBuel"{ 6u,ru uaneqaraHbl

rrepBble

pyccKne

KHurr.r. tr4x

up ucpr

Bocrrp ou3BoAuJr

yKonucHlr

ii noryycra

B 1708 roAy

yKa3oM

flerpa

pyccxuft

lrpu$r

6br.r

usr4eHes.

flo-

flBuJtcfr

HoBuii, raK

Ha3brBaelmui

rpax4aucxzft

upuQr,

coeAuguglnil

€rc

€cTb

AtoAl{

pLtoc

EKr&

EriH

K6Arr

r-AArdltb

A05Ps

MHOffi

NITT|CA€T€

HA1U

O}I NOKOfr

ZT fi

n.rb

l-0

-&v,l

fnta

HfiHqA

10,

I'erap

pegs

ll,

Pyccraa

anet

ce6e

qeprbl

pyccKofi cKoponuct{

XVII sexa

3anaAlloeBponeficxoii

aFlTqXBbr.

flerp

caM npHIIHMaJI

aKTIlBHoe

yrIacTLIe

B efo

CO3AaHUII.

l{e,rlro

oroii

pe$opMbl 6bL'Io

c5,'Iux(eHue

pyccKoro upu$ra

co upuQrauu

3anaAuori

Enpontr,

TopfoBble

r,r

Ar4IIJroMaTUqecKue

oTHorrreHr.rfl

c KoTo-

pofi

ece

pacullprrrl4ct. flepepa6orKa

cKopolrucu

yqeroM

I'lopM

,'laruH-

cxoir aHruxsbl

AaJIa

HoBbIii,

rerxuil,

oxpyrnntfi,

cBer,tltt?,

d'IerKo

ql4Talo-

yve6HrrxH.

C xonua

XVIII eexa

rpa$uxa

pyccKoro rupuQra

npeo6paeyerca

usMeHflercr

B recHoft

cB,-flgrz

co urpusrauu

3analsoii

Eeponu'

KJtrACCIIOI4KAUHfl

llIplIOToB

Rar{Heiiri1r.rti,l

lparfliuecruM

npl{3HaKaM

Ae,'1fl'rcR

Ilnrb oclloBHblx

rpynn

uiecryro

Aotto,rul.ire,rbttyrc.

Srul\'lu rpa$luecKHMI'I

rpl43Haxa-

N,rri, Ila

OCrroBe

I(OTOpbtX

rupuQrU noApa3Ae.[tlrcT

ila

rpyilnbl,

UBJIflIOTCq

I{OHTpACltrCCl'1,,

ilArUqlle

Qopua

3aceqeK.

I-r

l u a.

I(oHrpacrsocrb

yMepeHl'Iaa,

IIpHMepuo

I :3,

$opua

sacerrex

rpeyfo,{bllafl

cKpyr,'IeHH

as.

T axas.

Qopua

urpuQron

cJIo}Ku-

Jracb

erqe

aHTrlt{HoM

uupe. Xapaxrepuufi-o6pa3ell

JIar[HCKOe

Ka-

nrrraJrbHoe

IIucbMo

(xo"rouua

Tpaaua).

erori fpyll[e

orHocflrcfl

tllpuQ-

Tbr aHruKBbI.

pyCCXraX

uCTOpI{qeCXUX

O6pasqoB

B Hee

BOIIJII{:

[e-

TpoBcKafl

rpa)KAaHcKafl a36yKa,'

xrptQrbl

Mocxonct<oro

yHHBepcurera

KoHqa

XVIII sel(a.

I,l3

coBpeMeHHbIX

o6pa3uon:

6arlnllxopcxatt,

fl?Ire'

parypHan,

raoJir{qfl afl

rapHr.rrypbl,