Daniel W.W. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A-143
19.
Chapter 11
11.2.1. mobilizer: 0 G-CSF, 1-Etoposide
The regression equation is
conc = 12.9 - 0.0757 age - 5.48 mobilizer
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P
Constant 12.933 2.787 4.64 0.000
age -0.07566 0.04388 -1.72 0.092
mobilize -5.480 1.429 -3.83 0.000
S = 3.965 R-Sq = 27.1% R-Sq(adj) = 23.6%
Analysis of Variance
Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 2 240.02 120.01 7.63 0.002
Residual Error 41 644.60 15.72
Total 43 884.62
11.2.3.
The regression equation is
QTc = 23.0 + 39.4 sex + 0.825 dose
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P
Constant 22.98 46.92 0.49 0.632
sex 39.40 42.14 0.93 0.366
dose 0.82456 0.07556 10.91 0.000
S = 84.10 R-Sq = 89.6% R-Sq(adj) = 88.1%
v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 v7 v8
v1 1
v2 .123 1
v3 .115 .963(**) 1
v4 .417(**) .063 .041 1
v5 .005 .102 .103 .059 1
v6 .001 .270(**) .295(**) .036 .137 1
v7 .113 .074 .076 .052 .134 .061 1
v8 .077 .002 .023 .146 .165 .202 .032 1
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Analysis of Variance
Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 2 850164 425082 60.10 0.000
Residual Error 14 99018 7073
Total 16 949182
11.3.1.
Step 1 2 3
Constant 51.93 116.07 115.54
MEM 0.66 0.60 0.57
T-Value 5.75 5.87 5.53
P-Value 0.000 0.000 0.000
SOCIALSU -0.476 -0.492
T-Value -5.28 -5.51
P-Value 0.000 0.000
CGDUR 0.122
T-Value 1.88
P-Value 0.064
S 17.4 15.4 15.2
R-Sq 25.20 41.92 43.97
R-Sq(adj) 24.44 40.72 42.22
11.3.3.
Alpha-to-Enter: 0.15 Alpha-to-Remove: 0.15
Response is REACTIVE on 6 predictors, with N = 68
Step 1 2 3
Constant 3.374 5.476 5.418
AGEABUSE -0.38 -0.45 -0.42
T-Value -2.49 -3.00 -2.91
P-Value 0.015 0.004 0.005
VERBALIQ -0.0219 -0.0228
T-Value -2.75 -2.93
P-Value 0.008 0.005
STIM 0.61
T-Value 2.05
P-Value 0.044
A-144 ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A-145
S 1.06 1.01 0.990
R-Sq 8.57 18.10 23.15
R-Sq(adj) 7.19 15.58 19.55
C-p 10.4 4.6 2.5
11.4.1.
Standard Wald
Parameter DF Estimate Error Chi-Square Pr > ChiSq
Intercept 1 2.1192 0.1740 148.3439 <.0001
sex 1 0.0764 0.2159 0.1252 0.7234
Odds Ratio Estimates
Effect Point Estimate 95% Wald Confidence Limits
sex 1.079 0.707 1.648
Review Exercises
15.
Coefficient Standard Error t
1.867 .3182 5.87
6.3772 .3972 16.06
1.9251 .3387 5.68
Source SS d.f. MS V.R.
Regression 284.6529 2 142.3265 202.36954
Residual 17.5813
25 .7033
302.2342 27
17.
Coefficient Standard Deviation tp
a
1.1361 .4904 2.32 .05 p .02
.07648 .01523 5.02 .01
.7433 .6388 1.16 .20
.8239 .6298 1.31 .20 p .10
.02772 .02039 1.36 .20 p .10
.03204 .01974 1.62 .20 p .10
Obtained by using 35 d.f.
R
2
= .834
a
Approximate.
77
77
77
7
6
77
yN =-1.1361 + .07648x
1
+ .7433x
2
- .8239x
3
- .02772x
1
x
2
+ .03204x
1
x
3
R
2
= .942
yN = 1.87 + 6.3772x
1
+ 1.9251x
2
Source SS d.f. MS V.R.
Regression 3.03754 5 .60751 34.04325
Residual .01784
For A:
For B:
For C:
23.
Response = V, Dummy1 = 1 if infant, 0 otherwise, Dummy2 = 1 if Child, 0 otherwise
The regression equation is
V = 11.7 + 0.137 W - 11.4 DUMMY1 -11.7 DUMMY2 + 0.226 INTER1 + 0.223
INTER2
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P
Constant 11.750 3.822 3.07 0.004
W 0.13738 0.05107 2.69 0.010
DUMMY1 -11.421 4.336 -2.63 0.012
DUMMY2 -11.731 3.966 -2.96 0.005
INTER1 0.2264 0.2208 1.03 0.311
INTER2 0.22332 0.06714 3.33 0.002
S = 1.73234 R=sq = 94.9% R=sq(adj) = 94.3%
Analysis of Variance
Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 5 2304.47 460.89 153.58 0.000
Residual Error 41 123.04 3.00
Total 46 2427.51
Source DF Seq SS
W 1 2265.07
DUMMY1 1 5.59
DUMMY2 1 0.00
INTER1 1 0.60
INTER2 1 33.20
yN =-1.1361 + .07648x
1
yN = 1-1.1361 + .82392+ 1.07648 + .032042x
1
=-1.96 + .10852x
1
yN = 1-1.1361 + .74332+ 1.07648 - .027722x
1
=-.3928 + .04875x
1
x
3
= e
1 if B
0 if otherwise
x
2
= e
1 if A
0 if otherwise
34
39
.60646
3.64400
A-146 ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A-147
Unusual Observations
Obs W V Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid
17 10.8 8.366 4.257 0.496 4.109 2.48R
36 47.0 15.400 16.971 1.145 -1.571 -1.21X
41 96.0 20.000 24.938 1.265 -4.938 -4.17RX
46 87.0 30.900 23.702 0.881 7.198 4.83R
R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual.
X denotes an observation whose X value gives it large influence.
Chapter 12
12.3.1.
12.3.3.
12.3.5.
12.4.1.
12.4.3.
12.4.5.
12.5.1.
12.5.3.
12.5.5.
12.6.1. Since (for Do not
reject
12.6.3. Since (for
Reject
12.7.1. 95% C.I. 9.7, 18.8
12.7.3.
12.7.5.
12.8.1.
Number of Cases: 53 Censored:34 (64.15%) Events: 19
Survival Time Standard Error 95% Confidence Interval
Mean: 12.57 1.10 ( 10.40, 14.73 )
(Limited to 19.00 )
Median: 16.00 1.80 ( 12.47, 19.53 )
Percentiles
25.00 50.00 75.00
Value 18.00 16.00 4.00
Standard Error 1.80 3.76
12.8.5. Support group:
Number of Cases: 22 Censored: 0 ( .00%) Events: 22
OR
MH
= 3.733, X
2
MH
= 25.095, p 6 .005
X
2
= 12.898, p 6 .005, OR = 1.967
RR = 13.51,
H
0
.
p = 21.0022= .004.a = 162,B = 7,A = 9,b = 1
H
0
.
p 7 21.0352= .070.a = 82,B = 10,A = 10,b = 7 7 3
X
2
= 82.373, d.f. = 2, p 6 .005
X
2
= .297, d.f. = 1, p 7 .10
X
2
= 3.622, d.f. = 3, p 7 .10
X
2
= 42.579, p 6 .005
X
2
= 816.410, p 6 .005
X
2
= .078, p 7 .10
X
2
= 2.21, p 7 .10
X
2
= 3.417, p 7 .10
X
2
= 2.072, p 7 .05
Survival Time Standard Error 95% Confidence Interval
Mean: 45.09 3.98 ( 37.29, 52.89 )
Median: 60.00 .00 ( . , . )
Percentiles
25.00 50.00 75.00
Value 60.00 60.00 26.00
Standard Error . . 6.96
Nonsupport group:
Number of Cases: 28 Censored: 0 ( .00%) Events: 28
Survival Time Standard Error 95% Confidence Interval
Mean: 16.04 1.86 ( 12.39, 19.68 )
Median: 15.00 5.29 ( 4.63, 25.37 )
Percentiles
25.00 50.00 75.00
Value 22.00 15.00 7.00
Standard Error 3.44 5.29 .92
Log Rank Statistic and (Significance): 29.22 ( .0000)
Breslow Statistic and (Significance): 23.42 ( .0000)
Tarone-Ware Statistic and (Significance): 26.28 ( .0000)
Review Exercises
15. Fail to reject.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25. Independence
27. Homogeneity
35. Overall Satisfaction
d.f. 2,
2 cells with expected counts less than 5.0
Pain
d.f. 2, p = 0.801
X
2
= 0.444
p = 0.208
X
2
= 3.143
X
2
= 7.2577 .05 7 p 7 .025
X
2
= 67.8015 p 6 .005
X
2
= 5.1675, p 7 .10
X
2
= 2.40516, p 7 .10
X
2
= 7.124, d.f. = 3, p 7 .05,
A-148
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A-149
2 cells with expected counts less than 5.0
Nausea and Vomiting
d.f. 2,
37. 95% C.I.: .92, 4.61
41.
d.f. 1,
43. (one-sided test)
45.
d.f. 1,
47.
d.f. 1,
49. 95% C.I.: 1.52, 9.48OR
51.
d.f. 1,
53. No. of Resected PMs 1
Number of Cases: 46 Censored: 0 ( .00%) Events: 46
Survival Time Standard Error 95% Confidence Interval
Mean: 45 6 ( 34, 57 )
Median: 33 7 ( 20, 46 )
Percentiles
25.00 50.00 75.00
Value 55.00 33.00 18.00
Standard Error 12.15 6.78 1.79
No. of Resected PMs 1
Number of Cases: 31 Censored: 0 ( .00%) Events: 31
Survival Time Standard Error 95% Confidence Interval
Mean: 31 5 ( 20, 41 )
Median: 23 4 ( 14, 32 )
Percentiles
25.00 50.00 75.00
Value 41.00 23.00 10.00
Standard Error 6.60 4.45 3.65
Log Rank Statistic and (Significance): 3.75 ( .0527)
Breslow Statistic and (Significance): 4.11 ( .0427)
Tarone–Ware Statistic and (Significance): 4.07 ( .0437)
7
p = 0.001
X
2
= 11.589
OR = 3.79;
p = 0.027
X
2
= 4.875
p = 0.003
X
2
= 8.749
Test statistic = 2, p = .019
p = 0.000
X
2
= 13.530
OR = 2.06;
p = 0.785
X
2
= 0.483
Chapter 13
13.3.1.
13.3.3. Since reject
13.4.1.
13.4.3.
13.5.1.
13.6.1. Fail to reject
13.6.3. Fail to reject
13.7.1.
13.7.3.
13.8.1.
13.8.3.
13.8.5. (adjusted for ties),
13.9.1.
13.9.3.
13.10.1.
13.10.3.
13.10.5.
13.11.1.
Review Exercises
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
(adjusted for ties)
19.
21.
23. USO:
BSO:
25.
27.
29.
Chapter 14
14.2.1. (a) 5.8 (b) White: 10.0, Black: 3.7, (c) 9.43 (d) 5.5
(e) 9.43 (f) MN 22.2, MCD 34.5
r
s
= .733, p = .001
LDH: T = 37, p = .7911, Fail to reject H
0
HK: T = 61.5, p = .0703, Fail to reject H
0
PFK: T = 38, p = .8598, Fail to reject H
0
T = 89, p = .0046, Reject H
0
x
2
r
= 4.77, p = .093
x
2
r
= 3.94, p = .140
T = 62.5, p = .0072, Reject H
0
r
s
=-.036, p = .802
H = 9.30, d.f. = 3, p = 0.026
H = 9.02, d.f. = 3, p = 0.029
T = 29.5, p = 0.0263, Reject H
0
r
s
= .09, p = .4532
D = .1587, p 7 .20
x
2
r
= 16.2, p 6 .005
T = 0, n = 7, p = .0078
1b
0
N
2
2,M
=-176.63
1b
0
N
2
1,M
=-176.685
b
1
N
= 1.429
r
s
=-.43, n = 30, .01 6 p 6 .02
r
s
= .018, n = 20, p 7 .05
r
s
=-0.07, p 7 .20
x
2
r
= 29.38, p 6 .005
x
2
r
= 8.67, p = .01
p 6 .005H = 19.61
H = 18.13, p 6 .0001, d.f. = 2.
H = 11.38, p = .003, d.f. = 3.
D = .1319, p 7 .20
D = .3241, p 6 .01
H
0
.S = 1772.5, p = .7566,
H
0
.T = 712.5, p = .2380,
X
2
= 16.13, p 6 .005.
T = 11.5, .1054 6 p 6 .1308
.1613 6 p 6 .174T
+
= 48.5.
p = .0112H
0
..0112 6 .05,P1x … 2
ƒ
13, .52= .0112.
p = .6072P = .3036,
A-150 ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A-151
14.2.3
Standard Number of
Population Expected
Age-Specific Based on U.S. Deaths in
Age Death Rates Population Standard
(Years) Population
a
Deaths
b
U.S. Population
c
(per 100,000) 2000 Population
0–4 539,509 1,178 19,175,798 218.3 68139 149
5–14 1,113,920 224 41,077,577 20.1 145964 29
15–24 1,117,439 954 39,183,891 85.4 139235 119
25–34 1,213,415 1,384 39,891,724 114.1 141751 162
35–44 1,287,120 2,823 45,148,527 219.3 160430 352
45–54 1,085,150 5,271 37,677,952 485.7 133884 650
55–64 723,712 8,035 24,274,684 1110.2 86257 958
65 and
Over 969,048 51,863 34,991,753 5352.0 124339 6655
Total 8,049,313 71,732 281,421,906 891.2 1000000 9073
Age-adjusted death rate 9.1
14.3.1. (a) (10–14): 1.3, (15–19): 59.9, (20–24): 126.7, (25–29): 112.6, (30–34): 83.6,
(35–39): 36.5, (40–over): 2.6; (b) 2142.1 (c) (10–14):
6.3, (15–19): 305.9, (20–24): 939.2, (25–29): 1502.3, (30–34): 1920.2,
(35–39): 2102.9, (40–over): 2142.1 (d) 46.7
14.3.3. (a) (10–14): 1.2, (15–19): 58.5, (20–24): 120.2, (24–29): 113.7, (30–34): 84.2,
(35–39): 33.8, (40–44): 6.0, (45 and over):.5; (b) 2089.6
(c) (10–14): 6.1, (15–19): 298.5, (20–24): 899.6, (25–29): 1468.1, (30–34):
1889.3, (35–39): 2058.2, (40–44): 2088.1, (45 and over): 2089.6
(d) 45.6
14.4.1. (a) immaturity ratio: 1997—7.3, 2001—8.1 (b) prevalence ratio:
Nevada—22.2, United States—20.5 (c) incidence rate—14.5 per 100,000
Review Exercises
9. 8.9
11. Infant mortality: Total—5.7; white—5.3; nonwhite—6.5;
Cause of death: heart disease total—36.8; white 37.7; nonwhite 32.3
Cancer total—23.7; white—23.8; nonwhite—23.1
AIDS total—1.5; white .8; nonwhite 4.9
Immaturity ratio: total—7.0; white—6.7; nonwhite—7.5
Incident rate C-section: total—22.6; white 25.0; nonwhite—18.3
13. 15.9, 51.6
This page intentionally left blank