Colin Mark. The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Гэльско-английский словарь

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reidistreàr, -àir, -an nm registrar (also

neach-clàraidh)

rèidium nm radium

reige nf rig

reigheadh

□

an alt. form of rachadh the

imperf / cond tense of rach

reighinn

□

an alt. form of rachainn the 1st

pers sing imperf / cond tense of rach

rèil

□

dat & gen sing of reul star

rèile, -ean nf rail, railway

□

Rèile Bhreatainn

British Rail

□

rèilichean fo-thalamh

underground railways

rèilig, -e, -ean nf churchyard, kirkyard

rèim, -e nf 1. way, order 2. gradation

reimhid adv

□

same as roimhe adv

□

bha

siud ann reimhid ⫽ bha siud ann roimhe

there was once…/ once upon a time there

was …

rein-fhiadh nm reindeer

rèir 1. a rèir / do rèir prep ⫹ gen case

according to, in proportion to, proportion-

ate

□

a rèir coltais apparently, according

to appearances

□

a rèir a h-uile coltais by

all appearances

□

thugadh duais dha a rèir

a thoillteanais he was rewarded according

to his merit / in proportion to etc. (lit. a

reward was given to etc.)

□

chan eil an

tuarastal mòr a rèir an uallaich the salary

isn’t great in proportion to the responsibil-

ity

□

theirinn-sa a rèir mar a tha e lab-

hairt na Gàidhlig gum buineadh e do …I

would say, according to how he speaks

Gaelic, that he belongs to …

□

a rèir mar

a bhios àireamhan a’ dol ’s na sgoiltean

according to how numbers go in the school

When followed by a pron, the form is usu-

ally da rèir (do ⫹ a ⫹ rèir)

□

cha robh

tighinn-a-steach da rèir sin there was not

an income in proportion to that / a corre-

sponding income

□

… ach bha an cois-

rigeadh da rèir… but their dedication was

proportionate [to it]

□

bha a dhànadas air

a sheasamh le mac-meanma da rèir his

boldness was supported by a proportionate

imagination

□

… agus bha e beartach

da rèir … and he was proportionately rich

2. dèan ga rèir reciprocate

rèis, -e, -ean nf 1. race (sports)

□

rèis a’

phoca / rèis an t-saic sack-race

□

an rèis

thrì-chasach the three-legged race

□

rèis

shoithichean regatta

□

ruith e an rèis he

ran the race 2. span (measurement of 9 ins.

or length of time), scope

□

chan e rèis

fhada ann am beatha duine deich bliadhna

ten years isn’t a long span in a man’s life-

time

□

fo chomhair rèis an leabhair seo…

in view of the scope of this book… 3. career

rèis, -eadh v race

rèis-sgèithe nf wing span (of a bird)

rèisg

□

gen sing of riasg dirk grass

rèisgeadh, -idh nm curing meat by salting,

drying or smoking

□

feòil rèisgidh salted,

dried mutton (Lewis)

rèisgte pp smoked, salted or dried (of meat /

fish)

□

sgadan rèisgte kipper

rèiseadh nm & vn of rèis racing

rèiseamaid, -e, -ean nf (also rèisimeid

etc.) regiment

rèiseid, e, -ean nf raisin (also rèasan nm)

rèist adv

□

see a-rèist adv

rèite nf accord, agreement, atonement, rec-

onciliation

□

le rèite by agreement

□

dèan

rèite air agree upon

□

cha b’fhada gus an

do rinn iad rèite air an latha it wasn’t long

until they agreed upon the day

□

cha b’ur-

rainn dhomh rèite a dhèanamh ri …

I couldn’t reconcile myself to …

rèite-chogaidh nf armistice

rèiteach, -ich nm & alt vn of reitich (also

rèiteachadh), betrothal celebration

rèiteachadh, -aidh nm & vn of rèitich

adjusting etc., adjustment, arrangement,

conciliation

rèiteachail a conciliatory, appeasing

□

thog

e lamh rèiteachail (ris) he raised a concil-

iatory hand (to him)

reithe, -ean nm ram, tup

rèitich, -eachadh / rèiteach v 1. adjust,

arrange, betroth, contract, negotiate, settle

□

thuirt e gun rèitich a’chomhairle ri ùgh-

darasan foghlaim he said that the commit-

tee will negotiate with education authorities

□

choinnich iad gus prìs a rèiteach they

met to settle a price 2. appease, conciliate,

mediate, propitiate, reconcile 3. clear

away, clear, disentangle, unravel

□

thòisich

iad air am fearann a rèiteachadh is

air àiteach they began to clear the land

and cultivate it

□

bha aice ris an t-snàth a

rèiteachadh she had to disentangle the

thread

rèitich a clearing, settling

□

vota rèitich

a casting vote

□

banca rèitich clearing

bank

rèitichear-fhacal nm word-processor

reitine, -ean nf retina

reobhart, -airt nm spring-tide

reòdh— v

□

see reòth—

reòdhta

□

see reòta

reòi(dh)te

□

see reòta

reòiteag, -eige, -an nf ice-cream, an ice

reò-sheargte pp frostbitten

reòta pp of reòdh frosty, frozen, icy

□

bha

iad reòta ris a’chloich they were frozen to

reidistreàr 482

the stone

□

bha (a) fheusag reòta his beard

was frozen

reòth, reothadh v

□

this is the recom-

mended spelling though reòdh is still

common – congeal, freeze

□

reòth an loch

the loch froze

reothadair, -ean nm freezer

reothadh, -aidh nm & vn of reòth freezing

etc., frost

□

reothadh cruaidh hard frost

□

tha mi a’ smaoineachadh gum bi reothadh

ann a-nochd I think there will be a frost

tonight

reothart

□

see reobhart

reub, -adh v disrupt, lacerate, mangle,

plunder, rend, rip, tatter, tear

reubadh, -aidh nm & vn of reub tearing

etc., laceration, rent, tear

reubalach, -aich, -aich nm rebel

reubaltach

□

see reubalach

reubte pp rent

reudan, -ain, -an nm weevil, woodworm,

woodlouse

reudanas, -ais nm woodworm (the

condition)

reudar, -air nm radar

reug, dà reug⫽ dà uair dheug ⫽ twelve

o’clock

reul, rèile, reultan nf asterisk, star am

measg nan reultan among the stars

Sorchar nan Reul Lightener of the Stars (a

name once applied to Jesus, and showing

the older gen plural form)

□

for star /

planet names see App. 12 Sect. 5.0

reul- pref indicating ‘star’

reul-bhad nm constellation r.-chearbach

nf comet r.-chrios nm galaxy r.-chuairt nf

orbit

□

bha iad nan reul-chuairt airson

greis they were in [their] orbit for a while

□

bha an rocaid na reul-chuairt the rocket

was in [its] orbit r.-eòlas nm astronomy r.-

eòlasach a astronomical r.-shealladh nm

horoscope

reuladair, -ean nm astrologer, astronomer

reultach a astral

reultag, -aige, -an nf starlet, asterisk

reultaireachd nf astronomy

reusan, -ain, -an nm reason

□

bha

reusanan aige airson seo he had reasons

for this

reusanachadh, -aidh nm & vn of

reusanaich reasoning etc.

reusanaich, -achadh v expostulate, reason

reusanachail, -e a rational

□

feallsanachd

reusanachail a rational philosophy

reusanachas, -ais nm rationalism

reusanta a justiﬁable, rational, reasonable,

tenable

reusantachadh, -aidh nm & vn of reusan-

taich rationalizing, rationalization

reusantachd nf rationality

reusantaich, -achadh v rationalize

reusantaiche, -ean nm rationalist

483 reusantaiche

ri prep ⫹ dat to, against

□

before a def

noun takes the form ris

□

please note

that, although a large number of exam-

ples is given below, ri is used with

a number of verbs, nouns and adjec-

tives, and in many cases it would be

advisable to look up the verb or adjec-

tive in question.

The prep prons are formed as follows:

rium to me riut to you ris to him / it

masc rithe to her / it fem rinn / ruinn

to us ribh / ruibh to you ( pl & polite)

riu / riutha to them

The emph forms are: riumsa, riutsa,

ris-san rithese, rinne / ruinne, ribhse /

ruibhse, riuthasan

The following prep poss adjs may be

found, but it is now recommended that

these be written in full

. They are

formed thus: rim to my rid to your ri

to his / its (masc ⫹ len) ri (ri a

h- before vowels) to her / its ( fem –

without len) ri ar to our ri ur to your

rin (rim before b, f, m, p) to their

ri often means ‘against’ (physically in

contact with, in opposition to or fac-

ing)

□

ghleac iad ri tonnan a’ Chuain

Sgith they struggled against the waves

of the Minch

□

bha mi nam sheasamh

ri seann chraoibh I was standing

(leaning) against an old tree

□

bha

uisge nan seachd sian a’ stairirich ris

an uinneig a rainstorm was rattling

against the window

□

for seachd sian

see sian

□

tha a’ chlòimh a’ faireach-

dainn tais agus maoth ri do chraiceann

(the) wool feels soft and tender against

your skin

□

tha aghaidh an taighe ris

an àirde deas the house faces south

□

note also: ri teachd future adj an t-àm

ri teachd the future

ri ⫹ vn or noun often means ‘engaged

in’ / ‘occupied in doing’

□

tha Seumas

a-nis ri maorach James is now

[engaged in] ﬁshing for shellﬁsh

□

bha

làn fhios aig na h-ùghdarasan air na

bha iad ris the authorities were fully

aware of what they were up to

□

chòir dhut a bhith ri do leasanan you

ought to be at your lessons

□

note also:

a bheil thu riutha? do you smoke?

(when offering cigarettes)

ri ⫹ vn may also cause the vn to have

a passive meaning

□

tha rudeigin

agam ri ràdh I have something to say

(lit. to be said)

□

… ma tha gu leòr ann

ri itheadh is ri òl if there is plenty to

eat and [to] drink (lit. to be eaten and

to be drunk)

□

tha na ceistean ri am

freagairt (ann) an Gàidhlig the ques-

tions are to be answered in Gaelic

□

reic for sale (lit. to be sold)

□

tha na

rudan seo math ri an ithe these things

are good to eat

tha agam ri⫹ vn ⫽ I have to (do some-

thing)

□

tha agam ri sìol a cheannach

I have to buy seed

□

bha againn ris a’

chàr a reic we had to sell the car

□

for

further examples see under aig

ri is often used with expressions of

communication / treatment

□

an dèidh

deasbad ris na pàrantan after discus-

sion with the parents

□

abair ri 1. say

□

thuirt e ris he said to him 2. call,

give a name to

□

bha duine ann ris an

abradh iad ‘an Caiptean’ there was

a man there whom they called ‘the

Captain’

□

chuala e guth ag èigheach

ris he heard a voice crying to him

□

bha Anna aoigheil ris na h-uile Anna

was hospitable to all

□

dh’èist sinn ris

’s e a’ labhairt nam briathran atmhor

sin we listened to him as he spoke

those bombastic words

ri is frequently used in comparison

□

tha na beanntan a dhà àirdead ris na

beanntan ann an Alba the mountains

are twice as high as the mountains

in Scotland

□

bha na sùilean aice

cho dubh ris na h-àirneagan her eyes

were as black as [the] sloes

□

coltach

ri gàire nan amadan like the laughter

of [the] idiots

□

buinidh e don aon

teaghlach ris a’ choileach-ruadh it

belongs to the same family as the red

grouse

ri may often mean ‘exposed (to)’

□

’s

gun ris dheth ach an ceann is an

amhach… with only the head and

neck of him showing

□

bha iad air an

tiormachadh ris a’ ghrèin they were

dried in the sun (i.e. by being exposed

to the sun)

□

leig ris disclose

□

leigeil

ris disclosure

□

bha a druim ris her

back was bare

ri is used with a number of expressions

in which it has the meaning ‘in / dur-

ing’

□

ri mo latha in my day

□

ri droch

aimsir in bad weather

□

ri aimsir

fhuair / bhlàith / reòta in cold / hot /

freezing weather

As already stated, ri may be used with

a number of verbs where ri may have

a variety of meanings. Only a small

selection is given here and other exam-

ples may be found under the accompa-

nying verb

□

croch ri hang from

□

bha

toitean an crochadh ri a bhilean a cig-

arette hung from his lips

□

fuirich /

feith ri wait for

□

chuala mi am fuaim

ris an robh mi a’ feitheamh I heard the

sound for which I was waiting

□

gabh

ri accept

□

gabhail ris acceptance

Note also: bidh mo mhàthair riut ma nì

thu sin tuilleadh my mother will give

you a telling-off if you do that any

□

… no bithidh mise riut! …or

you’ll get it from me!

reusantaiche 484

riabhach, -aiche a 1. brindled, streaked

□

air na sleibhtean riabhach on the brindled

slopes

□

cat riabhach a brindled cat

2. drab, grey, grizzled

□

monadh ﬂiuch

riabhach a drab, wet moor

riabhach nm & alt vn of riabhaich cursing

etc.

□

o, riabhach ort! curses on you!

riabhachadh nm & vn of riabhaich

cursing etc.

riabhag-choille nf tree pipit

riabhag-mhonaidh nf mountain linnet

riabhaich, -achadh / riabhach v curse,

swear

□

riabhaich e he swore / cursed

riadh, rèidh nm interest (ﬁn.)

□

riadh

banca bank interest

□

riadh a’ bhanca the

bank-rate

riadhach, -aiche a usurious

riadhadair, -ean nm usurer

riadhadaireachd nf usury

riagail nf gambolling

riaghail, -ladh v administer, control,

govern, moderate, regulate, rule

□

a’

chomataidh a bhios a’riaghladh an airgid

the committee which controls the money

□

riaghail air rule over

riaghailt, -e, -ean nf code, dictate, formal-

ity, government (gram.), guideline, law

(⫽ regulation), model, order, ordinance,

regularity, regulation, rule, system

□

riaghailt eaglaise canon

□

riaghailt bidhe

diet

□

riaghailt(-lèigh) prescription

□

riaghailtean sàbhailteachd safety regula-

tions

□

feumaidh riaghailtean a stèid-

heachadh guidelines must be drawn up

riaghailt-àireimh nf calculus r.-lèigh nf

prescription

riaghailteach, -iche a canonical, formal,

normal, orderly, ordinal, regular, system-

atical

□

gu riaghailteach duly

□

cho

riaghailteach ri là is oidhche as regular as

day and night

□

note also: riaghailteach

saor fairly cheap

riaghailteachd nf moderation

riaghailteachadh, -aidh nm & vn of

riaghailtich formulating etc.

riaghailtich, -eachadh v formulate

riaghaltas, -ais nm government

□

Riaghaltas the Government

□

riaghaltas

ionadail local government

□

riaghaltas

nàiseanta national government

□

neach-

labhairt bhon Riaghaltas Government

spokesman

riaghlach a administrative

riaghladair, -ean nm governor, ruler

riaghladh, -aidh, -aidhean nm administra-

tion, government, management, sway

□

riaghladh eaglais hierarchy

□

riaghladh

ceartais judicature

□

dèan cruaidh

riaghladh lord v

riaghlachadh, -aidh nm & vn of

riaghlaich (see riaghladh)

riaghlaich, -achadh v

□

see riaghail v

riamh / a-riamh adv always (with ref. to

past), ever, never (after a neg verb)

□

bha

e cho seòlta ’s a bha e riamh he was as

shrewd as ever (lit. as he ever was)

□

a h-

uile duine riamh everyone without excep-

tion

□

an robh thu riamh ann an Inbhir

Nis? bha aon uair / cha robh a-riamh were

you ever in Inverness? once / never

riamhag

□

see freumhag

riamhaich

□

see freumhaich

rian, -an nm 1. control, institute, manage-

ment

□

bha gach nì fo rian Chaluim every-

thing was under Calum’s management

□

tha iad a’ feuchainn ri rian a chumail air

àireamh nan gèadh they are trying to con-

trol the numbers of geese 2. arrangement

(incl. music), order

□

a’cur rian air organ-

izing

□

a’ cur rian as ùr air smaointean

reformulating thoughts

□

tha fhios gun

còrd an rian seo ri Gaidheil this arrange-

ment will certainly please Gaels

□

bha iad

a’ sabaid an aghaidh an rian a bh’ann

they were ﬁghting against the existing

order 3. method, mode, system, sense

□

urrainn dhuinn rian an togalaich fhaicinn

fhathast we can still see the method of [the]

building

□

ciamar a gheibheadh duine mu

chuairt air? cha robh rian air how could

anyone get round it? there was no way

□

cha robh rian aige sin a dhèanamh it was-

n’t possible for him to do that

□

chan eil

rian gu bheil pailteas ann air an son uile

there cannot (possibly) be sufﬁcient for

them all

□

chan eil rian gu bheil e ciallach

he can’t be sane

□

bhiodh e gun rian a lei-

thid a rud a dhèanamh it would be sense-

less to do such a thing

□

chan eil rian no

dòigh air it has no shape or form

From the latter examples shown above, it is

an easy step to the idea of ‘have to be’ /

‘must’ etc., but note that the following are

all accompanied by a negative construc-

tion

□

cha robh rian nach fhaiceadh e i a-

rithist! he was bound to see her again! (lit.

there was no way that etc.)

□

cha robh rian

nach robh e a’faireachdainn so-leònte aig

an àm he must have been feeling vulnera-

ble at the time

□

chan eil rian nach eil thu

ceart you must be right

□

chan eil rian

nach cuala tu e you must have heard it

□

chan eil rian nach e bruadar a bh’ann it

must have been a dream

rian-grèine nm solar system

rianachas, -ais nm

□

see rianachd nf

rianachd nf administration (general)

□

oiﬁgeach rianachd is leasachaidh an ofﬁ-

cer of administration and development / an

administration and development ofﬁcer

rianachd a administrative

□

sgilean

rianachd administrative skills

rianadair, -ean nm 1. organiser 2. governor

(mech.)

rianaich, -achadh v arrange

□

tha na puirt

air an rianachadh gu h-ealanta the tunes

are expertly arranged

rianail, -e a 1. methodical, orderly

□

cha

mhath le inntinn rianail nì a tha mi-rianail

an orderly mind does not like something

disorderly 2. civil

rianaire, -ean nm administrator

riarachadh, -aidh nm & vn of riaraich

dispensing etc. 1. satisfaction

□

bha

riarachadh mòr ann dha a bhith a’

dèanamh seo there was great satisfaction

for him in doing this 2. dispensation,

disposal, disposition, distribution, sharing

(school maths)

□

riarachadh co-ionnan

equal sharing

□

riarachadh neo-ionnan

unequal sharing

□

riarachadh fearainn

land distribution

□

a thaobh riarachadh

ainmean nan àitean concerning the

distribution of the place names

485 riarachadh

riarachadh-inntinn nm satisfaction of

mind, mental satisfaction

riaraich, -achadh v 1. please, satisfy, treat

2. deal (out), dispense, distribute, dole,

hand out, serve, share out

□

… far a bheil

an t-sàcramaid air a riarachadh…where

the sacrament is dispensed

riaraichte pp satisﬁed

□

dh’aidich e nach

robh e idir riaraichte le…he agreed that

he was not at all satisﬁed with…

□

tha e

riaraichte le bhith na sheasamh an sin he

is satisﬁed with [being] sitting there

□

bha

i riaraichte leis gach nì she was satisﬁed

with everything

riasail, riasladh v 1. tousle

□

bha a’ghaoth

a’riasladh an ceann the wind was tousling

their heads 2. tear asunder, mangle, maul

□

bha am bàta beag air a riasladh leis

na tuinn mhòra the small craft was torn

asunder by the great waves

riasg, rèisg nm 1. dirk grass, sedge 2. fen,

marshy land, peat moss

riaslach, -aiche a tearing, mangling

riasladh, -aidh nm & vn of riasail

mangling, mauling, tousling etc.

riatanach, -aiche a essential, indispensable,

necessary, required, requisite

□

tha dùil

ann gum bi a’ Ghàidhlig na cuspair

riatanach ’s na h-àrd-sgoiltean it is

expected that Gaelic will be a required sub-

ject in secondary schools

□

…agus iomadh

rud riatanach eile…and many other

necessities

□

…air cho riatanach ’s gum

bitheadh an car beag a rachadh earbsa

rium … however necessary the small task

that would be entrusted to me [would be]

riatanas, -ais nm prerequisite, requirement

□

b’e a’ chiad riatanas drochaid ùr

a thogail the ﬁrst requirement was to build

a new bridge

rib, -eadh v 1. entangle, entrap, ensnare,

implicate, snare, trammel, trap 2. separate

one thing from another e.g. unravel wool

from a garment

□

chaidh an snàth clòimhe

a ribeadh à seann gheansaidh the yarn

was unravelled from an old jersey

ribe, -eachan / ribean nm 1. gin (trap),

snare, trap

□

cha bhitheadh e a’ tuiteam

dhan aon ribe he wouldn’t fall into the

same trap

□

bha ribe air a shuidheachadh

a trap was set 2. (single) hair

□

chan eil

ribe fuilt air he is completely bald

ribeadh, -idh nm & vn of rib trapping etc.,

entanglement, implication (the process)

ribh prep pron of ri (q.v.) to you pl

ribheid, -e, -ean nf reed (mus.)

rìbhinn, -e, -ean nf maiden (uncommon)

ridhil, rìdhle, rìdhlean / rìdhleachan nm

reel (dance or implement – incl. a ﬁshing

reel

□

but note a reel for sewing thread is

piorna, Scots ‘pirn’)

□

also rìdhle and

ruidhle

ridhil, rìdhleadh v wheel, whirl

□

ridhil

mun cuairt twirl

rìdhle, -eachan nm reel

□

see ridhil

ridire, -ean nm knight, sir

□

an Ridire

Alasdair MacCoinnich Sir Alexander

McKenzie

□

ridire beag squire

□

dèan

ridire dheth / dèan na ridire knight v

ridireach, -iche a knightly, chivalrous

ridireachd nf chivalry, knighthood

ridireil, -e a

□

same as ridireach

rig, -eachan nm rig (oil)

□

also rioga and

reige

rige, -eachan nm semi-castrated animal

righ, -eadh v lay out (a corpse)

□

bha an

corp air a righeadh an sin the body was

laid out there

rìgh, rìghrean nm king, sovereign

□

Rìgh

nan Rìgh the King of Kings – the forego-

ing example shows the traditional form of

the gen pl, but nowadays this is more

likely to be the same as the nom pl

□

Còir

Dhiadhaidh Rìghrean the Divine Right of

Kings

rìgh-chathair nf throne r.-mhort nm

regicide (the act) r.-mhortair nm regicide

(the perpetrator) r.-nathair nf cockatrice

r.-shliochd nm dynasty

righeadh, -aidh nm & vn of righ laying out

(a corpse)

righinn, rìghne a sticky (of problem), tough

□

bha e na bu rìghne na (a) bhràthair he

was tougher than his brother

□

bha i na bu

rìghne na shaoileadh daoine she was

tougher than people would have thought

□

bha an fheòil ro righinn the meat was too

tough

rìghnead, -eid nm toughness

rìghnich, -eachadh v toughen

rilìf, -e, -ean nf relief (sculpture, maps etc.)

□

rilìfean aer-fhotografach aerial-

photographic reliefs

rinc, -ean nm

□

see rionc

rinn past tense indep and dep of irreg v

dèan (q.v.)

□

an do rinn thu seo? / na rinn

thu seo? did you do this?

rinn, -e, -ean nf point (sharp point as of

pencil, horn, weapon etc.), nib

□

bha còig

rinn dheug air na cròicean farsaing aige

there were ﬁfteen points on his wide

antlers

□

cha robh rinn air a’ pheansail

there wasn’t a point on the pencil

rinndeal, -eil nm area, extent, sphere

riarachadh-inntinn 486

riobach, -aiche a ragged, tattered

□

brat-ùrlair riobach crìon a tattered, faded

carpet

rioban, -ain, -an nm ribbon

riochd, -a, -an nm 1. likeness, form (incl.

in gramm.), appearance, guise, disguise

□

an riochd eisimeileach / neo-eisimeileach

the dependent / independent form

□

riochd

deicheach decimal form

□

theich am

Prionnsa Tearlach ann an riochd boirean-

naich Prince Charles escaped disguised as

a woman / in the guise of a woman

□

chuir

iad e (ann) an riochd seirbheisich they

disguised him as a servant

□

ann an riochd

eile in another form

□

sin a’ chiad tè

a nochd anns an riochd air a bheil sinn

eòlach that’s the ﬁrst one to appear in the

form with which we are familiar

□

… a

thèid fo riochd a’ Ghaoil don Chinne-

daonna … which goes under the guise of

Love towards Mankind

□

cuir às a riochd

garble

□

rach an riochd duine eile imper-

sonate

□

tha thu gam ghabhail an riochd

chuideigin eile you are mistaking me for

someone else 2. state, condition

□

bha i an

deagh riochd mara she was shipshape (lit.

in good sea condition)

riochd-ainmear nm pronoun r.-

shamhlachadh nm & vn personifying,

personiﬁcation r.-shamhlaich v personify

riochdachadh, -aidh nm & vn of riochdaich

producing etc., production (plays, ﬁlms

etc.), representation

□

riochdachadh co-

ionnan proportional representation

riochdaich, -achadh v mould, produce

(plays, ﬁlms etc.), represent, symbolize

□

thuirt e gun robh e a’ riochdachadh nan

Stàitean Aonaichte he said that he was

representing the United States

riochdail, -e a handsome

□

na h-eich làidir

riochdail sin those strong, handsome horses

riochdair, -ean nm pronoun

□

riochdair

ceisteach interrogative pronoun

□

riochdair co-chèileach reciprical pronoun

□

riochdair fèineach reﬂexive pronoun

□

riochdair dàimheach relative pronoun

□

riochdair neo-chinnteach indeﬁnite pro-

noun

□

riochdair pearsantach personaI

pronoun

□

riochdair seilbheach posses-

sive pronoun

□

riochdair comharrachaidh /

riochdair sònrachaidh / riochdair sòn-

raichte demonstrative pronoun

riochdaire, -ean nm producer (of ﬁlms,

plays etc.), representative

riochdal, -ail nm skeleton

□

bha e air

a dhol na riochdal he had become a skele-

ton (cf. Scots rickle o’ banes)

rioga, -achan nm rig

□

rioga ola oilrig

rìoghachadh, -aidh nm & vn of rìoghaich

reigning, reign

rìoghachd, -an nf kingdom, nation, realm,

state (country etc.)

□

chan ann den t-

saoghal seo a tha mo rìoghachdsa my

kingdom is not of this world

□

Rìoghachd Aonaichte the United Kingdom

□

thòisich Sasainn ag agairt còir air

rìoghachd Alba England began to claim

a right over the kingdom of Scotland

rìoghaich, -achadh v reign

rìoghail, -e a kingly, regal, royal, sovereign

□

na h-Einnsearan Rìoghail the Royal

Engineers

□

anns a’ Chabhlaich Rìoghail

in the Royal Navy

□

bha e ann am Feachd

Rìoghail an Adhair he was in the Royal Air

Force

rìoghalachd nf majesty, royalty

riomball; -aill; -aill nm halo

rìomhach, -aiche a beautiful, ﬁne (of good

quality, elegant etc.), gay

□

chuir i an t-

aodach rìomhach uimpe she put on the

beautiful clothes

□

phòs e bean rìomhach

he married a beautiful woman

□

bha an

dùthaich rìomhach ann an ﬁonnarachd na

maidne the countryside was beautiful in

the freshness of the morning

rìomhachas, -ais nm ﬁnery, make-up

□

bhon rìomhachas a bha oirre bha e

coltach gun robh i…(deducing) from the

ﬁnery she was wearing it appeared that

she was …

rìomhadh, -aidh nm

□

see rìomhachas

rionc, -an nm rink

rionc-deighe / rionc-eighre nf ice-rink

rionnach, -aich nm mackerel

□

tha a’bhio-

rach dèidheil air an rionnach the dogﬁsh

is fond of [the] mackerel

rionnag, -aige, -an nf star

□

làn rionnagan

starry

□

rionnag an earbaill shooting star

rionnagach, -aiche a starry

□

air oidhche

rionnagaich on a starry night

ris 1. form of prep ri (q.v.) used before a def

noun 2. prep pron of ri (q.v.) to him / it masc

rithe prep pron of ri (q.v.) to her / to it fem

rithim, -ean nm rhythm

rithist

□

see a-rithist

rium / riut / riu / riutha prep prons of

ri (q.v.)

487 rium

ro prep ⫹ dat ⫹ len before (formerly

roimh)

The prep prons are formed as follows:

romham before me romhad before

you roimhe (often now roimh) before

him / it masc roimhpe before her / it

romhainn before us romhaibh before

you (pl & polite) romhpa before them

The emph forms are: romhamsa,

romhadsa roimhesan, roimhpese,

romhainne, romhaibhse, romhpasan

cuir romhad decide, design, determine,

intend, resolve

□

chuir e roimhe gum

fuiricheadh e anns an taigh-òsta he

decided he would stay in the hotel

□

chuir e roimhe sin a dhèanamh he

determined to do that

□

is fhada bhon

chuir sinn romhainn seo a dhèanamh

it’s a long time since we decided to do

this

Some basic examples: gheibh sinn ﬁos

aon mhìos romhainn we’ll get word

one month in advance / ahead

□

chan

fhaicinn dè bha romham I couldn’t see

what was before me

□

bha fàilte chrid-

heil romhainn an sin a hearty welcome

awaited us there

□

Ro Chriost (RC)

Before Christ (BC)

□

anns an t-

seachdamh linn RC in the seventh cen-

tury BC

□

bha i air a h-oillteachadh

roimhe she was terriﬁed of him

□

ràinig sinn am baile ro mhadainn we

reached the town before morning

□

mheadhon latha (in) the forenoon

□

e a tha romham … what I intend is …

□

a bheil sibh romhamsa? are you before

me? (in a queue)

□

the def art is short-

ened after ro / roimh, the form recom-

mended being ron, but several forms

were formerly commonly found

□

roimh ’n chogadh / roimhn chogadh /

roi’n chogadh ‘pre-war’ should all be

ron chogadh

□

tha fàilte air leth blàth

ron leabhar seo there is a particularly

warm welcome for this book / awaiting

this book

□

ron Tuil before the Flood,

antediluvian

The following prep poss adjs may be

found, but it is now recommended that

these be written in full

. rom before my

rod before your ro ⫹ len before his /

its masc ro (without len – ro a h-

before vowels) before her ro ar before

our ro ur before your pl & polite ron

(rom before b, f, p and m) before their

The full forms are: ro mo, ro do,

ro a ⫹ len, ro a (without len – ro

a h- before vowels), ro ar, ro ur, ron

(rom before b, f, p and m)

ro-abaich a precocious, premature r.-

abaichead nm precociousness r.-abair

v preface r.-ainmichte pp aforesaid,

forementioned, former r.-aithne nf

foreknowledge r.-aithris nf forecast r.-

aithris v forecast r.-amas nm forecast

r.-bharalaich v presuppose r.-bheachd

nm preconception, presumption

□

seòlar

e le roi-bheachdan he is directed by

pre-conceptions r.-bheachdachadh

nm & vn of r.-bheachdaich

preconceiving etc., premeditation

r.-bheachdaich v preconceive,

premeditate, presume r.-bheachdail a

presumptive r.-bhith nf pre-existence

r.-bhitheach a pre-existent r.-bhlasad

nm foretaste r.-bhreith a prenatal r.-

bhreith nf prejudgment r.-

bhreithneachadh nm & vn of r.-

bhreithnich prejudging r.-bhreithnich

v forejudge r.-bhreithnich v prejudge

r.-bhriathar nm preposition r.-chlàr v

reserve r.-chlàradh nm & vn reserv-

ing, reservation r.-chùis nf prelude

r.-chùram nm precaution r.-

eachdraidheil a prehistoric r.-fhacal

nm antecedent r.-fhacal nm preﬁx r.-

fhiosrach a prescient r.-fhiosrachadh

nm precognition, premonition, progno-

sis r.-fhiosrachadh nm previous expe-

rience r.-ghiorraich v foreshorten

r.-imeachd nf precedence r.-innis v

foresay, foretell r.-innis v predict

r.-innleachd nf strategy

□

bha ro-

innleachd againn we had a strategy

□

dè tha air cùl na ro-innleachd seo?

what is behind this strategy? r.-

innleachdail a strategic r.-innse nf &

vn predicting, prediction, prognosis,

prognostication r.-innseach a pre-

dictable r.-ionad nm foreground r. -

labhairt nf prologue ro làimh adv

beforehand, previously

□

faic ro làimh

foresee

□

dèan amas ro làimh forecast

r.-leasachan nm preﬁx r.-

mheicniceach a pre-mechanized

r.-mheirbheachadh nm & vn predi-

gesting, predigestion r.-mheirbhich

v predigest r.-òrdachadh nm & vn of

r.-òrdaich pre-ordaining, predestina-

tion r.-òrdaich v foreordain r.-òrdaich

v pre-ordain r.-phàighte pp pre-paid

□

cèis roi-phàighte a pre-paid envelope

r.-ràdh nm preamble, preface r.-ràdh

v foreword, prologue r.-ràdhach a

rium 488

prefatory r.-ràite pp foregoing r.-

riochdair nm prepositional pronoun

r.-rùinich v predetermine r.-ruitheach

a precursory r.-ruithear nm forerun-

ner r.-ruithear nm precursor, forerun-

ner r.-shamhla nm prototype

r.-shealladh nm foresight, preview,

prospectus

□

thachair na h-

atharrachaidhean seo le roi-shealladh

dhaoine mar … these changes came

about by the foresight of people like …

□

fhuair e roi-shealladh orra he got

a foresight of them r.-shealladh nm

foresight r.-smaoin nm forethought

□

gun ro-smaoin unpremeditated r.-

thaisbein v presage r.-theachdaiche

nm predecessor r.-theachdaire nm

forerunner r.-thlachd nf anticipation

□

bha sinn a’ beachdachadh air le ro-

thlachd we we contemplating it with

anticipation r.-thog v prefabricate

r.-thogadh nm & vn prefabricating,

prefabrication r.-uidheamachadh

nm & vn predisposing, predisposition

r.-uidhimich v predispose

ro adv 1. too (with adjs)

□

ro dhearg too

red

□

tha mi ro shean airson a bhith

nam shaighdear I’m too old to be

a soldier

□

bha i ro sgìth she was too

tired 2. – used as an intens part

□

ciamar a tha thu? tha gu ro mhath

how are you? very well

□

chòrd e rium

gu ro mhath it pleased me very much /

I enjoyed it very much

□

rinn e seo gu

math is gu ro mhath he did this

extremely well

□

cha do dh’atharraich

cùisean ro mhòr bhon uair sin matters

haven’t changed very greatly since that

time

□

tha seo ro fhollaiseach san

leabhar this is very evident in the book

(see also ro- below)

ro- intens part (⫹ len.) meaning ‘extra’,

‘extreme’, ‘over’, ‘ultra-’, ‘very’ e.g.

cailin ro-bhòidheach a very pretty girl

□

obair ro-fheumail very useful work

□

’s dòcha nach bi diofar ro-mhòr

eatorra perhaps there won’t be a very

great difference between them

□

tha

sinn ro-thoilichte gun do ghabh e ri ar

ﬁathachadh we are delighted that he

accepted our invitation

□

as this can be

used with any suitable adj, only

‘proper’ compounds for the most part

are given here

□

note also that the ro-

is not always hyphenated – see above.

ro-chreidmheach a credulous

r.-chreidmheachd nf credulity

r.-chùramach a over-anxious r.-dhian

a over-eager r.-mhòr a vast

r.-iongantach a fantastic r.-nochd v

over-expose r.-òrdaichte pp fated, pre-

ordained r.-riochdair nm preposi-

tional pronoun r.-shaorsa nf licence

r.-shoilleir a limpid r.-tharraing nf

overdraft r.-tharraing v overdraw r. -

theachdaire nm antecedent r.-thioram

a arid r.-throm a overweight

489 roghainn

ròb, ròib, -aichean nm robe

□

ann an

ròbaichean fada dubha in long, black robes

ròbach / robach, -aiche a

□

same as rapach

robh / robhar / robhas past dep and

Impersonal Form of verb bi (q.v.)

roc, -a, -an nm furrow (deep wrinkle),

wrinkle

□

bha rocan air a h-aodann there

were wrinkles on her face

roc, -adh v wrinkle

□

bha na h-aodainn aca

air an rocadh le grèin is gaothan mara

their faces were wrinkled with sun and sea

winds

ròc, -a, -an nm a hoarse sound

□

rinn e ròc

gàire he gave a hoarse laugh

rocach, -aiche a wrinkled

rocachadh, -aidh nm & vn of rocaich

crumpling etc.

rocadh, -aidh nm & vn of roc wrinkling etc.

rocaich, -achadh v crumple, wrinkle

rocaid, -e, -ean nf rocket

ròcais, -e, -ean nf rook

ròcais-dhearg-chasach nf chough

ròcas, -ais, -ais nm rook

ròd, -òid, -an / -ean nm 1. road

□

for usage

see rathad 2. rood (measure of land or of

mason-work)

ròd, -òid, -an nm row (of potatoes etc.)

rodaideandran, -ain, -an nm rhododendron

rodan

□

same as radan

ròdhan, -ain, -an nm rone (gutter on a house)

rògach, -aiche a 1. roguish

□

thug e sùil

rògach oirre he gave her a roguish look

2. displeased, suspicious

rogha nm indec choice, best (also tagha –

often used together)

□

rogha is tagha

fearainn the best and choice of land

roghainn, -ean nm/f choice, option, prefer-

ence

□

b’e mo roghainn fhèin am fear seo

my own choice would be this one

□

is e

am bradan roghainn an ròin ghlais

the salmon is the grey seal’s choice

□

faodaidh tu do roghainn a thoirt às na

leabhraichean seo you may take your

choice of these books

□

bheir mise dhut do

roghainn de thrì rudan I’ll give [to] you

your choice out of three objects

□

bha

roghainn againn a dhol ann dh’ar cois we

had a choice of going there on foot

□

roghainn eile alternative

□

tha cuid a’crei-

dsinn nach robh roghainn eile aca some

believe that they had no alternative / other

choice

□

le roghainn agus le dealas by

choice and by commitment

□

bidh e a’

sgrìobhadh ann an Gàidhlig an roghainn

air Beurla he writes in Gaelic in prefer-

ence to English

roghainneach, -iche a eclectic

roghainneil a optional

roghnach, -aiche a selective

roghnachadh, -aidh nm & vn of rogh-

naich choosing etc.

roghnaich, -achadh v choose, prefer

□

… a

roghnaich gaol boireannaich… who

chose the love of a woman

□

seo an seòrsa

leabhraichean a tha iad a’ roghnachadh a

chur a-mach this is the kind of books they

are choosing to put out

□

tha e air rogh-

nachadh mìos a chur seachad an sin he

has chosen to spend a month there

roghnaichte pp selective

□

cobhair

roghnaichte selective assistance

roi- pref pre-

□

see ro-

ròic, -ean nf banquet, feast, ‘feed’, revelry

□

cha chanadh tu gur e ròic a bh’ann you

couldn’t say it was a banquet

□

dèan ròic

revel

□

thoir ròic de regale

roid, -e, -ean nf short sprint / dash, as

before a jump

□

turas an dèidh turais thug

e roid air an t-sealgair time after time he

dashed at the hunter

roid, -e nf bog myrtle

roid-ghuilbneach nm bar-tailed godwit

roidhleag-urchrach nf cartridge

roile, -ichean nf roll (bun, rolled-up

material etc.) – also rola / rolla

roileach, -iche a slavering

□

ﬁaclan

roileach slavering teeth

roilear, -ein, -an nm roller

□

tha e air

a thaosnadh eadar dà roilear iarainn it is

kneaded between two iron rollers

roileasg, -eisg nf confused joy, confused

haste, impatient haste

roileis nf 1. playful, ﬂattering talk 2. see

roileasg

ròilig, -eadh v roll

roimh- pref fore-, previous, prior

□

the

recommended form is now ro- (q.v.)

roimh prep⫹ dat ⫹ len before

□

see ro

prep

roimhe 1. adv before

□

an latha roimhe the

day before / the other day

□

roimhe seo by

now

□

chan fhaca mi e riamh roimhe

I have never seen him before

□

bha siud

ann roimhe cù ’s cat ’s cearc there were

once a dog, a cat and a hen (a common

way of beginning traditional tales)

□

often

translates as adj ⫽ foregoing 2. prep pron

of roimh (q.v.) before him / it masc

□

chuir iad roimhe gun rachadh e gu

Breatann they proposed [to him] that he

should go to Britain

□

it should be noted

that it is the prepositional pronoun which

is used with demonstrative pronouns, not

the simple preposition

□

an latha roimhe

sin the day before that (see App. 6

Pronouns Sect. 7.0)

roimhear, -eir, -an nm preposition

□

roim-

hear ﬁllte compound preposition

□

roim-

hear sìmplidh a simple preposition

□

roimhear ainmearach a noun preposition

□

roimhear riochdail prepositional pronoun

roimhpe prep pron of roimh (q.v.) before

her / before it fem

ròineag, -eige, -an nf (single) hair

□

bha

ròineag air cùl a còta there was a hair on

the back of her coat

□

pl ròineagan

may ⫽ ﬂagellae

ròineagach, -aiche a hairy

roinn, -e, -ean nf 1. part, portion, section,

sector 2. area, department, division,

province, region

□

Roinn an Àiteachais

Department of Agriculture

□

dh èirich

roinnean divisions arose 3. allotment, dis-

tribution, dividend, lot, measure (portion),

quotient, share 4. clause, paragraph, scene

(dram.)

roinn is, by its nature, often associated with

other nouns

□

roinn easbaig (bishop’s) see

□

roinn (dùthcha) canton, department,

province

□

roinn fhlùraichean a bed of

ﬂowers, a ﬂower-bed

□

Roinn an Airgid

Exchequer

□

an Roinn Eòrpa Europe

□

Roinn Foghlam na h-Alba the Scottish

Education Department

□

see below for the

Scottish Regions

roinn, roinn v class, distribute, divide,

dole, partition, portion, separate, share

□

roinn na dhà leth halve

□

roinn na

earrainnean parcel (masc obj)

□

roinn na

cheithir quarter (masc obj)

□

tha e air

a roinn na cheithir pìosan it’s divided into

four pieces

□

nuair a bha na duaisean air

roghainneach 490

an roinn when the prizes were distributed

□

air roinn co-ionnan divided equally

□

roinn ﬁchead le ceithir divide twenty by

four

The following are the Scottish Regions:

Roinn a’ Mhonaidh Grampian

□

Roinn

Dhun Phris agus Ghall-Ghaidhealaibh

Dumfries and Galloway

□

Roinn Fiobha

Fife

□

Roinn Lodainn Lothian

□

Roinn

a’ Mheadhain Central

□

Roinn na

Gaidhealtachd Highland

□

Roinn Srath

Chluaidh Strathclyde

□

Roinn nan

Crìochan Borders

□

Roinn Taobh Tatha

Tayside

Further examples: thòisich e ann an roinn

an reic he started in the selling department /

division

□

san Dàrna Roinn in the Second

Division

□

anns an roinn phriòbhaidich

in the private sector

□

tha Roinn na

Gaidhealtachd air ceumannan a ghabhail

mu thràth Highland Region has already

taken steps

□

dèan roinn air apportion

roinn-chalpa nm share-capital r.-obrach nf

job-sharing r.-phàigheadh nm commis-

sion (monetary) r.-ruithe nf run-rig

system

□

chuir e às don roinn-ruithe he

abolished the run-rig system r.-sgoile nf

(school) department r.-sheilbhiche nm

shareholder r.-taghaidh nf constituency

□

… a tha a’ ruith bho cheann gu ceann

na roinn-taghaidh…which runs from end

to end of the constituency r.-tarsainn nf

cross-section

roinne a regional

roinneadair, -ean nm divider(s), sorter

roinneadh, -idh, -idhean nm partition

roinneil, -e a provincial, regional

□

Comhairlean Roinneil Regional Councils

roinniche, -ean nm divisor

roinnte pp divided, separate

ròiseid, -e nf resin

ròiseideach, -iche a resinous

ròist, -eadh v roast (ròst more common)

roisteach, -ich, -ichean nf roach

roithlean, -ein, -an nm castor (wheel)

rola, -an nm roll, scroll

□

rola-toileat toilet

roll

□

bha rola pàipeir aige na làimh he

had a roll of paper in his hand

rolag, -aige, -an nf 1. small roll

□

…

a’ nochdadh rolagan reamhrachd …

revealing small rolls of fatness 2. a roll of

carded wool

ròlaist, -ean nf exaggeration, romance

(story)

ròlaisteach, -iche a 1. fabulous

□

… ach

bha againn ris an t-àite ròlaisteach ud

fhàgail… but we had to leave that fabu-

lous place 2. given to exaggeration

□

bha

Dòmhnall a-riamh ròlaisteach Donald

was ever given to exaggeration

rolla, -an nf

□

see rola nm

rom prep poss adj (ro ⫹ am) before their

□

see roimh

ròmach, -aiche a furry, hairy, hirsute,

shaggy

□

le fèileadh, sporan ròmach

is biodaig with kilt, hairy sporran and

dirk

Romàinianach, -aich, -aich nm Romanian

Romàinianach a Romanian

Romàinis nf Romanian (lang.)

Ròmanach, -aich, -aich nm Roman

Ròmanach a Roman

□

sgrìobhaiche

Ròmanach a Roman writer

romansach a romantic

□

Romansach

Romance adj

Romansachas, -ais nm Romanticism

romansachd nf romance (chivalrous or

idealised love)

romansaiche, -ean nm romanticist

rombas, -ais, -an nm rhombus

romhad / romham / romhaibh / romhainn /

romhpa prep prons of roimh (q.v.)

ròmhan, -ain, -an nm burring, whirring

ròn, ròin, ròin nm seal (animal)

ron 1. prep poss adj (ro ⫹ an) before their

□

see roimh 2. ro ⫹ an (def art) before the

□

see roimh also ron sin before then /

before that

rong, -a / roinge, -an nf rung

rong, -oing, -an nm spark

rong-phlug, -phluig, -phlugan nm

spark-plug

rongas, -ais, -ais / -an nm rung

ronn, -oinn, -an nm mucus, phlegm,

rheum, slaver (liquid from the mouth)

□

sìl

ronnan slaver v

ronnach, -aiche a catarrhal, mucous,

phlegmatic, rheumy, slavering

ronnan, -ain nm

□

same as ronn

ròp(a), -aichean nm rope

ròp(a)-sgiobaigidh / r.-sgiobaidh /

r.-sùrdaig skipping rope r.anairt /

r.aodaich clothes-rope

ròpach, -aiche a

□

same as rapach

ròs, -òis nm knowledge, information

(from ro-fhios)

□

an d’fhuair thu ròs

air a’ mhèirleach? did you get any infor-

mation about the thief?

□

bha a-nis

ròs aige air bean he now had wind of

a wife (note that bean has been used here

in preference to mnaoi)

□

tha e a’faighinn

ròs air gach rud a tha a’ tachairt he

gets information about everything that’s

happening

491 ròs