Бобковская М.А. и др. Уральская школа дизайна

80

B

nepsyrc oqepeab, ero BHrMaHre

aonxHo

6brrh o6paqeHo

Ha

npoqeccbr

pa3an-rrH,

cTaHoBneHhF, npoTeKaEqxe B

npea'

MerHoM Mhpe, caM

oaKT,

,rro

KaKx+To o6pa3br

npeaMerHoro

MUpa npoxoaaT

cBoe

pa3BuT6e,

roBoprrT o

roM.

qro

oHr,4

qeHH6l

AnF

qenoseKa.

14 a

caMoM

aene,

aeab 3To nporcxoarrr

ronbKo

noToMy,

'rTo 'tenoaeK

3Tl,r o6pa3br TqaTenbHo oT6rpaer, coxpa-

HFeT,

npeeMcTByeT.

oqesuaHo,,rTo

oHx no3BonFl()r

yaoBneTBo-

pr,rTb

KaKre-ro efo noTpe6HocTrl, B

qeM-To

yao6Hbr

anF

Hero,

T.

e.

aeicrEeHHbr.

3aKoH xe craHoBneHuF 3THx

o6p63oB KaK

f,aneHui

(ynbrypbr

-

3ro

u ecl, 3aKoH r,rx

ykopeHeHrF

s co-

3HaHht

qenoBeKa,

BaxHo

noa,repKHyTb,

'rTo

earH xMeHHo 3+

KOH,

a

He CaMl,

npoqeccbr,

qTo6br

y

cryaeHTa

He cosaanocb

Bne'{aTneHl4H,

ttro

uaeHf|4qHbr caM|,| npoqeccbt, HyxHo

eMy npx.

BecTu HeKoTophte npxMepht, B.racTHocl

noKa3alS, HacKon6Ko

cyxaeHun oT4enhHoro

lrHAxBr4AyyMa o kaKoM-nr{60 o6pa3HoM

OeHoMeHe

npeaMerHoro Mrpa

(HanprMep,

crune)

Moryr He

co.

Bnacrb c o6r,eKTuBHoi TeHAeHquei

B

pa3BxrMl,r

3roro

6eHoMeHa.

Tenepb

cryaeHT

Moxer caMocroFyenbHo cAenarb rnaBHbrt

BbtBoa, l'MeK)ullri

anF

Hero

crny npaKTrqecKoro npl,Hqxna:

He3aqeM

y3HaaaTb,

KaKyK)

peaKqt4K) y

qenoBeKa

BEt3oBeT

peuie-

HXe

AU3aiHepa,

Hy)<HO npOCTo 3HaTb,

KaKXMU

CBOhcrBaMrl

OHo

aon)KHo

o6naaarh,

qTo6br

BoirTl,r B KynbTypy.

nocKonbKy 3Tu

cBoicrBa Hocf,T

yHxBepcanbHbri

xapaKrep, To 3Harb

!tx

MoxHo

3apaHee, oaHaKo Boirx B Kynbrypy

npoayKT

ah3aiHa

Moxer

no.p€3HoMy:

or

naccuBHoro nphMhtKaHua K

yxe

cflo)|{l,lBLr.l14M-

cF HOpMaM

AO

nOpOXAeHlr8 HOBOTO

Ky,|srypHoro

oeHOMeHa,

floHf,THo.

qro

npoqeccbr Kynr,Typbr

aBnxyrcF

cllnaMri

pa3Br-

Tun, HenoasnacTHbrMr,4

ax3aiHepy.

no3roMy

yMeHre

ltcnonh3o-

BaTh

3aKOH

AeiCTBrrF

STlrX CXn

AnF AOCT4XeHUA

npOQeCCtO-

HanbHoi

qenru

ecTb rflaBHoe

B

crpaTerhqecKoM

Meroae

ar-

3aiHa. 9ro6br 3ror HoBhri

anF

cryaeHra

MeroaonormecKri

npuHrlrn o6naaan

peanbHo;

cxnoi. 8a66onee cnoxHhre

ero cro-

poHbr

aonxHEr

66rrb

npopa6oraHbl npaKTx'recKx-':

B

yqe6HoM

nooeKTl,ooBaHr]1.

KaKre o66eKTbr nvgt|le

noaoiayr

anF

yqe6Horo npoeKTn-

poBaHxf,?

-

Te, B Kofopsrx cBa3b

,,nrqHocTb-KynsTypa"

Bbt-

crynaer

Ha,l6onee npFMo, TrnkqHhri

nphMep

-

xunl,|ule.

OnycKas

ry

qacrb

yqe6Hofr

pa6orhr,

rae npeABaplrrenbHo

,3VqAOTCf, npo6teMht )t(XnXUla

KaK TaKOBble. oCTaHOATIMCF

Ha

TOM,

KaKUM

MeTOAOM

CTyAeHT

nbrTaeYCF npaKTrqecKl,

peant-

3oBarb cBoro

KoHqenqlr|o

o6pa3a xx3Hr,4,

(npeaBaphrenbHo

oH ee BbrDa6arhreaer

B xoAe cneuxanbHbrx

ceMuHapoB,)

065rq_

HO OH

HaqrHaer

c

n3o6paxeHxf, r'rHTepbepa

xr4nlrL4a, KoTopsli,

KaK eMy Kaxercf,,

aaer

Harnf,aHbrli xMeax

npoeKT4pyeMoro

o6pa3a xu3Hu. KoHeqHo,

lr3o6paxeHxe

,Hrepbepa

-

He caMEli

yAo6HEri

cnoco6

nepeAarb cyrh

Au3a4Hepckoro

npoeKra,

no-

cKonhKy B HeM Ha nepBEr; nnaH

BbrxoaHr ero apxrlreKTypHo'

npocrpaHcTBeHHaF opraH43aql,|a u

cMbrcnoBhle caa3l4

Mexay

6eulaMu,

qTo

KaK

pa3

B xrnl/tule

HeycTofiqrBo,

r. K. Bce 3To

Bo

MHOTOM

npo4yXT X143HeAeFlenSHOCTra CaMOTO

XO3Fl4Ha XUnl,'

ula.

flosroMy x npoeKTnpoBaTb

,rHTepbep xun!,ula

Her

cMblcna

{e

ornr,rrrae, HanpuMep. or

rrHTepbepoB npoMhruineHHhrx

t 06-

ulecTBeHH6rx

o6reKToB). HyxHo

pa3tFcHxTb

cryaeHry,

tlTo

B3o6paxeHre uHTepbepa

-

He

qTo

MHoe, KaK nonSlrKa BSlFc'

Hr,iTb r,r Bbrpa3r4Ts rpasnqecKh

Bo MHoroM

lteFcHsle caMoMy

aBTOpy xaeu no

noBoay npoeKrnpyeMoro

hM o6pa3a xlt3Hx,

TO eCTb 3TO

He nDOeKT,

qeM

)l(e OH

none3eH?

1.

14Hrepbep Moxer

FBrrrb o6pa3 xLr3Hu

aaxe

B roM cnvqae,

KOrAa Hu OAHA U3 Beqet. |,3o6paxeHHaf,

B HeM, no orAenbHo-

crl,r

Hlrqero He rosopl4T o6 3roM o6pa3e

xx3Hx, Ho 6yay,lx co6-

paHHblMH

BMecle, OHl,l CO3Aal()T HyxHOe

BneqaTneHIe.

2. n{repbep

so3aeicrByer Ha

genoBeKa

BceMx cBotaMu 06-

p63HhrMu

xapaKTepxcTr,rKaMr: or

xyaoxecraeHHsrx o6pa3oB,

cnoco6Hhrx

BHyurarb KaKx+yo xAeu,

Ao

cBoeo6pa3Hoi

+opMhl

Het<otophtx seulet, caMo npxcyTcrBre

xoropblx MHoroe roBo-

prrr

d6 uHrepecax xo3Fl4Ha.

npasA€,3Aecb HaAo

npeAocrepeqb

cryAeHTa or

roi KpatHocrr, B npoeKrllpoBaHul, o6pa3a)Kut3+tu,

KOTOpyTO MOXHO

yCnOBHO

Ha3BATb

,,rHCTpyMeHTaner3M;

-

KOrAa KaXeTCF,

qTO

AOCTaTO9HO

npOCTO

yKOMnneKTOB€lh

Xl,l-

nhule

HyxHbtMl,4 BeulaMlt lt oHl,4, noao6Ho MHcTpvMeHTaM

u3-

BeCTHOTO

Ha3H€qeHrA, 6yAyt TOnK6Tb

qenOBeKa

K OnpeAeneH-

HoMy

poAy

3aHFTxi.

14raK. v3o6paxeHre Hrepbepa

-

3ro nrLllb cneq,ranbBoe

cpeacTao aHanr3ar KoTopoe noMoTaeT BEtaBuTS o6pa3Ho-cMbtc-

noBbre !r KoMno3hrlhoHHbre xapaKTepucTxK!r o6opyaoBaHnF

xrnhrua, noMoaaloulre 3arnFHyrb

Brny6b seqe;. B HeKoro-

pr,rx

cnyqaf,x ero ,cnons3yroT

AnF

peKnaMbr

ar3aiHepcKxx

PaoPa60roK,

npoBeaeHHbri

cryaeHToM

aHanr3 no3aonf,er orBerrrb

Ha

rpyAHLr; eonpoc

crparerxqecKoro

xapaKTep€, nocKonbKy

qe-

roseK

OopMl4pyer

xunlrute no cBohM

norpe6HocrFM

(ecnu,

pa3yMeeTcf,, y

Hero ecTh cBo6oaa

Bbr6opa), To, nbrTaFcb

no-

anuf,Tb

Ha eao xl43HeHHbre

ycTaHoBKl,tr

ar3aiHep

He Moxer

npocYo

.,aafh

€My

cooTBeTcTBybulyo

cpeay xnnlrqa

-

oH

aonxeH

Bo36yAurb

y

Hero

notpeoHocrb nplio6perarb

B nuq-

Hylo

CO6CTBeHHOCTb

BCe,

qTO

HyxHO

AnF

dOpMrrpOBaHrF

3TOi

cpeAbt.

14 TonbKo

cnox,|BUlxcb

oHa HaqHer oKa3htEarh Ha

qeno-

BeKa

uHTeTpan6Hoe

Bo3aeicrBxe, TaKxM o6pa3oM, ecnu

x ro-

Bopurb

o

,.Al43aiHe

xunoi cpeAbr",

ro B nepBy6 oqepeaB 3Aech

AonxHa

yqr4TbtBarbcF

cBFsr,,,n

qHoc-rHbre

norpe6Hocrlr-o6pa3

xhnrqa", a He o6paTHaF ei.

Hah6onee FpKvlM npMMepoM 3Kcnnyaraqutt

ronhKo

qro

Bbl'

FBneHHoi cBF3, cnpKst,,pstHoqHbrt"

Al,!3aiH.

B

yqe6HoM

npo-

eKre kaK

pa3 yMecrHo pa3o6parb

oaHy h3 rnaBHhtx

crparertlli,

Koropoi

o6brqHo

cneAyer,,pbrHoqHbri"

ax3aiH

a

pa6ore

c

no-

Tpe614TeneM,

-

noApa3AeneHue noreHquanbHbtx

norpe6xrenei

cBoero

npoAyKTa

Ha

rpynn6r, anu

,cJpafht",

KaxaaF h3 KoTo'

phrx

xapaKTepu3yeTcs

onpeaeneHHoi crpyKTypoi

norpe6Ho_

crei, eKycoBhrMx x

apyruMn

ycraHoBKaMu.

KaprdHa

norpe6r-

TenbcKrrx

,,cTpsT

r

r3MeHquBa,

no3roMy oAHa x3 3aaaq,,pblHo'l-

Horo"

ar3aiHa

-

nocrof,HHo cneAlrb 3a BceMx

ee u3MeHeHl,|H-

Mrl,

L|TO

Tpe6yeT

pa3Buroro

annapara

raKoro cnexeHxa.

LIeHT'

panhHbrM

oKa3btBaeTcn

Bonpoc o ToM, cKonbKo

TaKhx

norpe_

66TenbcKhx

,.crpar''

Moxer 6hrrb.

flpr

6on6uoM

l4x Konllgecr'

Be Moryr

6brrb

yaosnerBopeH6r

roHqa;tr|ue

orreHK'r

norpe6u-

TenEcKoro

cnpoca,

oaHaKo 3To HenoMepHo

ocnoxHFer

pa6oTy

Ar3airHepa.

t'l caMoe rnaBHoe

-

A,l3aiHep

taer Ha

noEoAy

y

norpe6urenF.

O

BocnrraHnr.

Her

u

pe'rr,

no3ToMy

a

yqebHblx

qenFx

yMecrHo pa3o6parb

u

npaMo

npol4Bonoao)KHylo

cxTya-

i.lr,ro

-

aonycrrTb,

qTo

norpe6[renscKrrx,.crpar"

npaKr4qecKrl

Her. Ho

qro yoraa

Bbrcrynlrr

,,o6uluM

3HaMeHarenev"?

AH.aee

TOBOpf, KaKOe KaqeCTAO

npOAyKTa

4!13aiHa

MOXer

yAoBneT-

BOpl4Th

BCeX?

-

HOBI3HA. KOHeqHO, npU

srOM 3Ha'rrrenbHo

ynpoqaercF

MapKeruHroBaF

aeFTenbHocrb

an3aiHepa,

OaHaKo

-

oH

aonxeH

crarb

x3o6perarenbHee u HeuMoBepHo

pa3Btrb

cBo|o xyaor<ecTBeHsyro

QaHTa3rro.

KpaiH i npxMep

ar3aiHa

raKoro

poAa

-

,,aBa{rapa",

36SeKr"BHa nt craBKa Ha

HoBoe,

ecnu

peLllaelca

BocnsTarenbHaF

npo6neMa?

HoBoe npxBneKa-

TenEHO, oAHaKO nOcTOHHHO HOBOe

npxy'raer

norpe6xrent

pea'

rxpoBarb rorbKo Ha HoBoe, B

pe3ynbTare

OopMupyercF

nh,r'

Bocrb c 6brcrpoi BKycoBoi

ieaKqxefr,

{acro nepeKnpqaeMbrMt

qeHHocTHhtMx

yclaHoBKaM, H T.

a.

HyxHo nI BocnuThlBaTS

TaKy|o,,axHaMlrqHyK,"

nri.rHocTs?

qenoBeK,

BocnhTaHHbli

B

groM

ayxe,

KaK

npaEruro,

He cnoco6eH

npoHuKarb

B rny6uHy

coaepxaHxn npoayKTa

ax3aiHa.

rlo3roMy xorF KoMMepqecKaf,

qenb

au3aiHa

3Aecb

14

aocTuraeTcF,

oHa nporl,4BononoxHa

ero

ryMaH

TapHoi

qenr.

B h3BecrHoM cMbtcne atbTepHaruBoi

3TxM

,,KoMMepqec'

KlrM" HanpasneHnFM B

au3aiHe,

qenb

Korophrx

-

Bo

qlo

66t

ro

Hu

crarro c6hrrb

npoAyKT

An3aiHa,

cnyxa

apyare

HanpaB-

neHuf,,

rae npo6neMa 3creruqecKoro

{n

soo6ure MxpoBo3-

3peHqecKoro) BocnfiTaHuF

'{enoBeKa

BErxoal4T

Ha nepBbli

nnaH.

flo

cBouM o6pa3HbrM

np14Hrl!4naM 3To Moryr 6brrb

pa3Hhte

noa-

xoahr, Ho rnaBHoe,

qro

nx o6leAHHser,

-

3To

xopoL!o

pa3pa6o'

raHHaf, xyaoxecTBeHHo€cTeTllqecKaH

KoHuenu4B.

3Aecb

ro)<e

ecrb csofi

a4ana3oH

cpeacrB:

or,,rapMoHrqHoro"

Ax3aiHa,

oc_

HOAAHHOTO Ha CJIO)|<TAt|lUXCF

?CTelrqecKL

OnpaBAaHHSlx

KaHo-

Hax

OopMoo6pa3oBaH

r, anenttupynulxx

K

'iyBcrBy

Mepbl,4o

,,lrTpoBoro"

A63aiHa.

rnaBHoe

AnF

Koroporo

-

aKUeHT Ha

yBneKaTenbHocTx

QopMbr.

OqeHb

none3Ho

Anf,

cryaeHTa

ahtnonHlrrb

Ha 3cKt3HoM

ypoBHe

ceprllo MlrH[.npoeKToB

xunrqa,

Kaxabli

lr3 Kolopslx

qenuKoM

ocHoBbreaercF

Ha oaHoM

T ne

ax3aiHa.

HanpnMep:

.,xrpoBoM", .,apr-aa3aiqe",,yMepeHHo-KoHcepBarelBr{oM,

,,rapMoHl,r9HoM"

r{

ap,

no6brBaB

B

pa3H6lx

ah3atHepcKux

po'

nFX, CTyAeHT CnOCO6eH

CAenars

BaXHbli

BhlBoa:

peanhHr'li

npoeKl xrnlrula

(ero

o6opvaoBaHxf,)

aonxeH

rapMoHrqHo

coeaxHFTb

B

ce6€

np Hllun6r

pa3Hblx,,atr3aiHoa". KoHegHo,

Ka

Koil-To

lr3

Hrrx

npri 3ToM oKaxe7cF

npeo6naAabq,4M.

3To 3a-

sr4cr4f oT

perlaeMoi

npo6neMbr

H

scrertiqecKoi

KoHqenq{u

aB_

ropa, Ho

qro

xe

BbrcTynur

npaKTrqecKuM cpeacTaoM

rapMoHlr'

3aq6x? 14 sor B 3Tor

MoMeHT Heo6xoAhMo

o6parxrbcF

K npo6-

neMe crxnf,, nocKonbKV

nMeHHo To, KaK

at3aaHep

peuiaer

npo-

6neMV crlrnF,

noKa3brBaeT, KaKoi

nocTynoK oH coBepuaeT

or-

HOCUTenbHO 3CTeTrqeCKOrO

CO3HaHUA COBpeMeHHOTO

qeJlOBeKa.

qro

xe

B

cBf,3u

c arrM

aonxeH

yMerb

cryae8T

KaK

npo+ec-

cxoHar? flporHo3l,rpoBarb cruneBbre

reHAeHqitr?

-CoBceM

Apy-

roer oH

aonxeH

3Harb

ycnoarF,

npl4

Koropbtx crxneBoi

npo-

qecc

Boo6ule nporeKaer Hah6onee ScFSeKTuBHo.

HecMorpF Ha

reopeTuqecKyK, Hepa3pa6olaHHocTs

npo6neMbl cTrnF, 3rl,

yc'

rroB H fi36ecJHbr x3

npaKrl,Ku. He cneayer

raKxe Tpebosalb

or crvaeHra

npoeKT,rpoBarb crrnb,

3To He noa crrny!l

npooec'

cxoHanhH6rM

al,13ariHepaM,

tl3 MHoxecTaa

TanaHTnl,Bblx

a,|3ai-

HepcKl4x

peureHlnfi,

oKa3aBr!ux cxnbHoe

BnraH6e Ha

oopMl4po-

BaHre Hoahlx

gcleThqecKux

no3

qlri

qenoBeKe,

aareKo

He

Bce

nopoaun|,|

crunb.

nosroMy ropa3ao

saxHee,

qro6br

au3aiHep-

ckoe

peuJeHue

ao36vxaano xu3HeHHbre

u MarepranEHble

npo-

qeccbr,

o6naAarculHe crrnenopoxAaoulei

ct

noi.

Au3akEep'

cKoe

peLleHre,

cnoco6Hoe

n Tarb 3T,

npoqeccbr, cneayeT

pac-

qenrBaIb

KaK 3crer4qecKh

nepcneKTr4BHoe.

KaK Hr noKaxel'

ca, MoxeT 65rTb, crpaHHbrM.

Ho cTyaeHry

ropa3ao nerqe 3anyc-

Turb 3Ty BHyTpeHHrc|o,,MaurxHy CTunH",,{eM,

Hanpl,Mep.3at|l,t-

MaTsCa npoTHO3OM CrlrneBbrx

TeHAeHUXi,

npx,lvHa npocra

B

nepBoM

cnyqae

oH rMeeT

aeno

co crpyKrypHo-Mopdonorrqec-

KHMn

x o6pa3HbrMlr

KaqecrBaMh npeAMerHofi

+opMbr.

Bo BTo-

poM

xe cnyqae oH

BbrHyxaeH aHant!3l,rpoBarb cnoxHoe

nepe_

nnereHue

aB!{>Kyu.lxx

crn,

aetcTayrcqlrx

Ha

ypoaHe

coquanb'

Hhrx npoqeccoB,

MoxHo nocrasxrb noa coMHeHqe

Ba)KHocTb

npo6neMsr

crrnF

ata

ro;

yqe6Hoi

cr,rrvaqnu,

B Koropoi H€xo_

arTcF

cryaeHT.

aeicrBrrensHo,

aoBce

|n He co cTrneM/KaK

6ya-

TO?rMeer

aeno

cTyAeHT, KoFAa oH,nanpxMep,ao6t4BaercF,qro6bl

o6pa3HbrX npBHqhn, 3anoxeHHbri

B

peureHre,

oKa3ancF

nepc-

neKTuBHhrM, Ho Beab BcFKoe

ABrlxeHre

B nepcneKTrBe

-

3lo

npoKAe Bcero no4cK

oopM,

B KoTophrx HeKoropbrt

nprHr.l[n

nyqrle Bcero BbrpaKeHr T, e. 3To

Bceraa npoqecc coBepuJeHcr'

BOBaHeTF

6opMbr.

14 COBCeM HeBaXHo,

qro

l4rOrOM 3TOrO

npo-

qecca

Mor(er oKa3arhcF

He cTrnh KaK

TaKoBoi. BaxHo.

qTo

3aKOH, nO KOTOpOMy 3TOT

npOqeCC npOTeKaeT, TaKOB >|(e,

KaK

4 B cflrneo6pa3oBaBuH,

Crrnb

-

To FBneHre, Ha KoropoM

nyq-

ule BceTo MoxHo noHFTb SToT

3aKoH.

EaxHeiuxMh

BbrBoAaMtt no

pe3ynbraraM

BeceHHero ceMe-

cToa oKa3btaaKrTcF cneavKrqxe.

1, Bonpoc

o

+opMrposaH|4l,

n[,rHocrl4 cpeAcrBaMq

A43ariHa

peuJaercfi

Ha

ypoBHe

npoueccoB

Kynbtypbr, rnaBHoe

anB au_

3aiHepa

-

yMeno

l,|cnonb3oBarb cl,nbr

pa3Bl.rruf,

{,,3Bon€uuoH'

HV|o 3Heprfilo") sTlrx npoqeccoB

s

aocrtl)KeHl.rx

npo4ecctlo'

HanhHbrx

qenei.

Han6onee sSSeKrbBHo

To

ar43aiHepcKoe

pe-

ueHre, KoYopoe cnoco6Ho nopoxaaTs

KynbTypy.

2.

Au3aiHep

He npoeKTllpye

HTepbep x|,ntrqa.

14 HTepbep

-

Tor o6pa3, Koropbri noMoraer

pacKpbll,

cMbrcnoByro

rny6tlHy

BCeX KOMnOHeHTOB )t(l,i'llrula U

nOStOMy A OpoeKlltpoBaHun

crlyxl,rT

rnurs rrHcrpyMeHroM o6pa3Hofo aHanr3a rnA

p€KnaMbl

au3aiHepcKrlx

pa3pa6oToK.

3. npaKrr{ecK, Bce runbt coapeMeHHoro

ar3aiHa

xMeoi

cBor,! 3aaaqn B xr4rnule, B 3aBrcrMocTx oT cBoeo6pa3rF

KoH-

KperHoi npo6neMbr,peu.JaeMoi B xr{nuuleA!r3aiHepoM,BeAyult{-

Mr a ee

pettleHl/t!l

MoryT oKa3aT6cF o6pa3H5te cpeacrsa KaKoro-

ro onpeaeneHHoro rrrna

ar3afi

Ha

(,,!rrpoBoro",,,yMepeHHo-KoH-

cepBaTrBHoro",,,aBaHrapaHoro".,,xyaoxecrBeHHoro"l,,

r.a,).

4.

B

ax3aIHe

npeaMerHoi

cpeabr

r(xnuqa

ueBTpanbHoi

oKa-

3ErAaeTCf, npo6neMa cTxnF.

noa

He; cneayer

noHrMarb He Te

cnoxHocln. c KotopbtMh ctanKrB€eTcn cThnucT, a TpyaHocTr,

c8a3aHHhte c onpeaeneHueM,,3cTeTriqecKo;

nepcfleKlrBHocTH"

rex l.rn!r rH6rx KoMnoBeHroBxxnoicpeabr.

{lrlr,ireercn

a auAy ux

cnoco6Hoctb

aaBatb

TonqoK

cTrrnenopoxaatolul,tM

npoqeccaru,)

BOnPOCbt

PErhoHAnbHofi

KyJtbTypbl

B

KYPCE,.NPOEKTl4

POBAH14

E"

K npo6neMe,,o6pa3a xv3Hr,r"

h ee

ponu

B

noarorosKe

aH3ai-

HepoB TecHo

npuMbrKaer Bonpoc o

perlroHanbHot

KynbType,

o npqBne'teHhs K ero

peureHrro

cTyaeHToB-aM3aiHepoB,

aeno

B

roM,

qro

xapaKTepHoi

qepfofr

ypanhcKoro

peruoHa

FBnFercF

ero nonBKynsTypHocrb.

Mano roro, 9ro caM CBeparloBcK,

KaK

x BcFKu; 6on6rlloi i,rHAycrpranbHbri

qeHTp,

ropoa nonrKynb-

TypHbri,

-

s

ypanhckoi

AM3aiHepcKoi

rlKone

o6yqarcTcF

Ax3aiHy

npeacraBurenr caMErx

pa3nHqHbrx pa;oHoB

o6nacrx.

sKn|oqas xurenei KpaiHero cesepa, cu6rpx,

noBonxba l,t np.

OTc|oAa npo6neMa Kynhrypbr Boo6ule

x HaquoHanbHoi Kynh-

ryp6r B

qacrHocrr,

-

BaxHe;uaF npo6neMa

npooeccuoHansHoli

noaroToBKrl

au3aiHepoB anf,

pa6orbr

B

ypanbcKoM

npoMbltlJ-

neHHoM

perlloHe

x

apyrrlx

pafioHax

crpaHbr.

Xoporuo r3BecrHo,

qro

B Tex cnyqanx/ KorAa

Ar3at8ep

81

uMeet

Aeno

co

ctoxl,tBL!hMIcf,

HopMaMr >Ku3HeaeFTen6Hocrl4,

T. e. KOTAa npeaMeTHVrO CpeAy HyXHO TOnbKO

nuurb BOCnpO-

43BOAr4Tb, a He CO3AaBatb 3aHOBOr

peueHl/|e

BCeX nposeCCUO-

HAnbH6rX

3aAaq

AH3AfiHa

He npeACTaSnFeT CtllrLllKOM 6onSLlMx

3arpyaHeHlri:

ax3aiHepy

BnonHe

aocraToqHo

6brrb caMoMy

)Kr4SbrM npeacTaariTeneM ToE KynsTypbr, KoTopyro

oH KaK 6El

,,o6cnyxuBaer"

csoei

aeFrenbHocrblo.

AHanorfiqHo

Aeno

06-

cTol4l t4 c

peMecneHH[KoM

-

oH

rr{ttlh

npoBoaHrrK

KytSTypbl

caoero Hapoaa, a He co3aaTenb ee.

CoBceM uHaF cxryaqlra cKnaabrBaercn

B non6KynbrypHbrx

perxoHax

cTpaHhr,

B

peruoHax

c,,Mo3al|qHo;"

Kynbtypoi, c

He

ycro6sur,rMcs

MaccxBoM Kynbrypbr.

Ar3aiHep

B TaKux

per|ao-

Hax shrcrynaeT co3AaTeneM HoBEtx KynbTypHbtx

qeHHoclei,

Ko-

TOphre noqrr HeBo3MoxHo nonyqxYb npf,Ml,lM 3ahMcrBoBaHll-

eM

-

npocTo HeorKyaa. B 3rrx

ycnoB

ax oT

Hauero

arr3atHepa

Tpe6yercF

npo$eccqoHanu3M

coBceM

lrHoro

poaa

-

yMeHxe

oneprpoBaTh KynhTypHhrM HacneareM caMbrx

pa3Hhrx

HapoaoB,

HapoaHocTei u

pernoHos,

oaHaKo,

qTo6br

3To onep

poBasxe

He Bbrnrnocb B

glrcTo

BHeLiiSeer

dopMansHoe

noapaxaH!1e 06.

pa3qaM

npeaMeTHoi Kynbrypbr, Heo6xoanM xx

yrny6neHHbri

aHan}3:

au3aiHep aonxeH

oBnaaeth caMuM coaepxaHxeM 3Tr,lx

'

o6pa3qoB, To

ecrb

noHHyb re nprquHhr, no xoropurr'a

rax

+op-fa

*_-nraR;rii.-e6mvcRE

ii.

c-o

BpeM eH Ho i m Kon br

au3a

i

Ha 06-

pa3qbr

npeaMerHoi Kynbryphr

aonxHbr

6brrb

npexAe Ecero 06-

pa3qaM,

roro, KaK

peuraercF

Ta lanu trHaa npo6neMa, B

yqe6.

HoM npoqecce

ypanbcKoi

LllKonhr 3aaaqu

noao6Horo

poaa

cryaeHr

HaqrHaer

peLlarb

nocne || Kypca, 3saKoMFcb Ha

ner-

Hei npaKTrKe

c

o6pa3qaMl,1

peMecneHHoir

Kynbrypbr KopeHHhrx

Hapoaoa, Bacenaloulr,rx KpaiHrl; CeBep. B Hauei L!Kone

qxcro

y,re6Hoe peuleHtae

3rhx 3aaa'{

nprrHaro

coqerarb

c flpoeKTHoi

r,|

3KCneAUqUOHHO;

pa6OTOi

B

yCflOBriX

Ter

perITOHOB

CrpaHbr.

rae ceiqac

ocrpo cToerT

Bonpoc He TonbKo o coxpaHeHxtt

Kyns-

rypHoro HacnearF, Ho H

o

roM, no KaKoMy npu4qrny

Bec

npoeKTHhre, B ToM

qrcne

ar3aiHepck[e.

pa3pa6oTKx

Anf

3Tlrx

perroHoB.

Ha 3Ty reMaruKy cryAeHT opueHrhpyercn

c

nerHei npaKr!!-

KU, nposoarrMofi B croi6hL4ax, naynax/a6opxreHHoro

Hacene-

Hru Kpa;Hero

CeBepa,

Ao

Haqara

arnfloMHoi

pa6orbr

oH C|6r-

3aH noceTrTE 3Th

paioHsr

eule MnHuMyM

ABa

pa3a

-

teroM l,

3xMoi: OKoH'{arenbHbri

Bbr6op reMhr nporicxoanr Henocpea'

crBeHHo Ha ceBepe, h c 3Tofo

nepuoa6 HaqMHaerca noa6op

npo-

eKiHhrx

aaHHbrx.

npeaMeT!r MaTeplraflbHoi

KynbTypbr n3y9a-

rcTCA KaK 3BeBbF eAhHOi ClrCTeMbt.

B npOTl,lBHOM Cnygae

BOC-

npnFThe scero oKpyxaEqero 6yaer

n'rueHo

qenocrHocTlr.

flpaKTrKa npoxoarr

no

HayqBo-gKcneAxqHoHHot

cxeMe,

qro

npraaer rpynne onpeaeneHHyro Mo6rnhHocf

h.

Ha Ka$eape HaKonneH

aocraroqHo

o6uJupHhrtr Mareptran

{Kaprhr,

cxeMbr, o6Mepbr o6!eKroB,

plrcyHKlr,

onr4caHttF,

Ooro_

rpaouu,

cnal,,bt,

Sr.rnsr'4sr

u

np.) ,

cnpKaqt1i

KaK

AnB

npeaBa'

prrenbHoio

3HaKoMcrBa

c npeacrosulei cxryaqxei

u

pa6olot

nepeA 3Kcneahql,lei, TaK l,|

anF

BbrnonHeHlrF

KypcoBoro

u

alln'

noMHoro npoeKToB, oaHaKo

anF

Kaxaoro, KTo oplrellTlrpyeT'

cF 8a

pa6ory

no

,,ceBepHoir"

TeMarrKe.

n,{qBhri

Bbre3a

-

o6f,3arenbHoe

ycnoBre,

tl3yqeHlne

a6opureHHo;

Kynbryp6r

npeacraBnser co6ofi

oal4H u3 cepbe3Heir!!tx 3TanoB npeanpoeKTHoro

tlccneaoB6lll,4f,

.

Fapo

3Toro

la3yqeHha

cocraBnFer

aHanr3

KynbrypHblx o6pa3'

qoB,

K.oropbri Mbr npoBoAlrM

B rpl, cTyneHx.

ftaBHblM

yqe6-

HbrM BonpocoM iBnFeTcH u3yqeHre o6ycnoBneHHocTta

OopMbl

npeaMeToB,

Haxoaf,rurrxcF

B

o6paqeHr!,1

y

KopeHHblx

HapoaoB

ceBepa, rlx

OyHKLluei,

nyque Bcero

paccMorperb

ero 8a

KoHK'

peTHoM

nprMepe. Bo35MeM, HanpnMep,

TaK Ha36rBaeMbri cyM-

rf,x

-

aM6ao Ha cBafx.

flepBaf, cryneHb aHaner3a

-

pacKpbrrr,re

caMbrx oqeBraHbrx

SaKropoB SopMoo6pa3osaHrf,.

VTo raKoe cyMnHx

no ero aB-

HbrM BHerllHlrM

npn3HaKaMT

O6hr,rHo 3ro

aoqarbrt

aM6ap,

crosulrfi

H€ BbrcoKux

(1,5-'1,7

Ml cron6€x-onopax,

rae 3tt-

Moi xpaHFTcF 3anacbl nrulu, a neroM

-

MexoBbte n

Apytre

h3AenrB. noAo6Horo

rlrna

nocrpoiKl,

BcrperratotcF

Bo MForrx

perroHax

ceBepa co cxoxuMl/| npupoaHo'KnuMaTuqecKrMr,4

yc-

rroEl.rFMl,r,

B Tao(Hbrx h

necoryHApoBbrx

paioHax

ceBepa 3anaa-

Hoi u

UeHTpanbHoi

Ch6rpu. Ero rnaBXbre

6opMoo6pa3ypttlue

npr3HaKu: x6paKTepHaF

oopMa

aM6apa n cTon6br{nop5l,

noa-

HUMarcql4e

ero Faa 3eMrei.

HerpyAHo

o6lFcHl4rb,

Ara

qero

HyxHbr raKhe onophr.

Ilpexge

scero

ann

3aqrrbr coaepxlrMoro

or

nopqu:3r,rMoi

co3aa|oTcF

ycnoBHF

arlF

xopouero npoMopaxhBaHxf,, a ne-

TOM

-

AnA

npOEeTp'4BaHUF

X

npocyLrjKr4.

qro6hr

CyMIIFX

36-

oeKTuBHo

BbrnorHFn

gty

+yHr(.tLro,

B 3HMHge

BpsMF npo-

cTpaHcTao Mexav ero nonoM t,l no'{Boi ocBo6oxaaeTca or

Bcero,

qro

MoxeT 3aaepxaTb cHer

nph

MeTenFx

6

6ypaHsx.

B

npornBHoM

cnyqae 3To u3MeH,4T TeMnepaTypHhri

pexhM

BHyT-

peHHefo

npocTpaHcTBa, a TaKxe

caen€er

nrruy

aocTynHoi

aJtF

3aepH. KpoMe

Toro,

TarcLurfi

cHer

FstlFercF ucto{HuKoM

Bn+

ru.

pa3pyurr,rTenbHo

aeicrByloqei

Ha

AepeBFHHbre

onopsr

tr

KOHCTpyKLIT4O CyMnSXa, He Cny'{aiHO ero

ycrpauBa|or

Ha oT-

Kp6r16rx.

xoporuo

o6ayBaeMbrx

MecTax. 3uMoi oerqaroT

npo-

crpaHcTBo noa nonoM xpaBun ula ot 6BtToBbtx

npeAMeToa.

B Mrore noa cyMnFxoM noqrr

He 6breaer

cHe)KHbrx HaHocoB

hnr

cHexHbri noKooB oqeHb He3HaqxreneH.

O6parxM BHl,MaHhe Ha MeHee 6pocaou.tyK,cF

a rra3a caMy

(bopMy

cron6oBonop, B

qacrHocrh

Ha

cBoeo6pa3HyK,

3atecKy

Ha KaxAoM

6peBHe a

Blrae

KoHyca, caenaHHyro

r|6 BhrclTe,

cocraBnFrcu{ei

213

anuu'l

onopbr,

r{ Ha rnFHqesyK) noBepx-

HOCrh

CTOn6OB,

KOTOpaH

AOCTnraerCF

AKKypArHbrM CHATTeM

Kophr

c eqe cErporo, cBoKero

aepeBa

u rqaienBHot npocyrlj-

Koi B reHx, 3ro nprAaer BhrcoKyk raepAocrb

l,

rnaAkocrr

noEepxHocTlr. TaKaf, noBepxHocrh

cro6os

ucKycHo cosaaH.

Hhri KapHr3

{KoHycoo6pa3H€F

3arecKa c

npeaBaprreJr6HbrM

Herny6oKgrM HanrnoM

no

oxpyxHocrr)

-

HenpRoaongrMoe

npenATcTBxe

anF

rpbr3yHoB.

npoBeaeHHbrt aHanl,3

caMbrx

xapaKrepHbrx

gepr

OopMbl

cyMnFx6 BcKpbrr

qenbri

pf,a

ycnoBlri

cpeabr u

saKropoB ooP

Moo6pa3oBaHna,

nocKonbKy

oHl.' aBHo o6Hapyxun! ce6f,

B

cBoeo6pa3rrx

60pMbr,

a2

CneAy|oqas

cryneHb aHanu3a

-

BbrsBneHhe

Apyr4x

OopMo-

o6pa3ybl4rrx

nps3HaKoB,

Toxe urpapqt4x

BaxHyto

poflb

B Bbt-

nonHeHrh

(pyHKqux,

Ho

MeHee

SaMeTHstX.

,llnE

gTOrO

HeO6XO-

4{MO

nuUriTb

cyMnFx ero rnaBHoro

oopMoo6pa3y@urero

nol,l_

3HaKa

-

y6paTb

cTon6bt

onopbt

n nocTaBuE

aM6ap npFMo Ha

3eMnlo. SToT

cEoeo6pa3Hbt;

3KcneplrMeHT

no3sonEeT

yBr4Asrb,

qTo

anF

3€utrTbt

or 3Bepei

cTeHbt, non

u KphtuJa

AonxHbt

6Erlb

6onee roncrbrMl,t,

6e3

Lqenei;

Ans

npoBerprBaHrs BHyrpeHHe!

ro

npocrpaHctB6

Heo6xoal4Ma

cneqranbHaF

BeHTInFqrF,

a

AnA

3aulutbr

oT Bnarq

-

rrAporl3onEqhs.

oaHaKo Hlrqeao

3Toro

HeT

-

ecTb onopht.

HeypyaHo

caelatb sbtBoa,

q7o

orHocl4Tens-

HO TOHKTe

CTeHSt

cyMnaxa,

Hanh'ihe MHoxecTaa

qenei,

npoc-

TOla l,l

HeBbrcoKaa

npoqHocTh

KoracTpyKttlrttr

ee

y3nos

_

Bce ?To

TO)l<e BaXHbte

OOpMOO6pa3yrcqxe

otnnqrTenbHbte np[3HaKu.

TpergF

cryneHb

aHanr3a

-

BcKpbtrre

He ronbKo rex nplr

qHH,

Koroprre

onpeaenxnu

oopMy

coopp(eHha,

Ho ,|

HeKoTo-

pbrx

no6oqHbtx

cneAcTB14i

AaHHot

OopMbt.

HanphMep,

npocr-

paHcTBo

noa

nonoM

cyMnFxa oKa3btBaeicF yao6HbrM

AnF

apy-

rux

66rToBbtx

OyHKurri

B neTHee

BpeMF

-

xpaHeBr,4F

Hapr,

cyruK[

6enhF,

ycrpoicrBa

BpeMeHHoi

MacTepcKoi l,t

T.

A.

B

3nMHee

apeMF

noqBa noa

cyMIlFXoM

npoMep3aeT

HactonEKo

rny6oKo,

qTo

B Hei

He Moryr

rHe3AuTbcF

rpEt3yHbt. OTu

no-

_

6oi{Hbte

cneAcrBua

Moryr

cocraBnFTb

3Eprcrl4qecKtii

pe3eps

anF

npoeKTrpoBult

KoB

-

ucnon63oBaTbca

c

nonb3oi

anf,

pe

rleHrf,

apyrrx

3aAaq.

AHanH3

no

aaHHoi

Meroat4Ke

MoxHo

npoBecu

c nrc6htM

npeaMeToM

a6ophreHHoi

KynbTypbt.

3KcneauqroHHbre

rccneaoBaHuF

paauKanbHo

MeHFtor

caM

B3rnf,A

cTyAeHTa

Ha

o6reKTht npoeKT,tpoBaHha.

flocne

srcne-

at

ttuu, y)l(e

B

cTeBax l,HcTl,ljyta, pecKpbtaa@Tca

Bce npoTrrBo_

peqfiH

npoeKTHoi

Ct

Tya|J,A

4 BhtcrpahBarcTcF

Tpe6oBaHuH K

npoeKYrrpyeMoMy

o6(,pyao6aHr4o,

OTcyrcrBhe

cBB3ti

c MecrHoi

xynbrypoi

Mo)Ker

npuBecru

ar,3aiHepa K HenonHoqeHHbrM

peueHuBM.

K

coxareHu|o,

aaxe

B OAHOM

}l3

OCHOBHbIX

AOKYMEHTOB.

EO

MHOTOM

PErllArcUIEM

cyAb6y

CeBepa.

-,,KoMnneKcHot

nporpaMMe

Hay{Ho-t

ccneAo.

aaTenbcKrrx pa6oT

arF

xrnuqHo.rpaxAaHcKoro

cTporrenbcT-

Ba B

CeBepHbtx

perhoHax

cTpaHbt

Ha 1982-1990

a. rn Ha

nepuoa

ao

2000

r."

(oao6peHa

fpaxaaHcrpoeM

la foccrpoeM

pcocp)

-

yqltTbtBal()tcF

nuuJS

texHrqecKre

u

SKoHoMl4qeckue

acneKT6t

npoMEturneHHoro

ocBoeHxF

cesepa, Bo

rn€sy

yrna

ocBoeHrF

CeBepa

craBxrcF TaK Ha3brBaeMhti,,coBpeMeHHbti',

unr,.npo-

MbruneHHbti"

noaxoa,

Kotopbrtr

xapaKTepu3osarcs,

oco6eHHo

B

Ha{an6Hbtt

nepxoa, IrrHopt poBaHreM

cneqxduKx ceBepa.

Cneqhanucrlr,

yqacrsyolue

s

pa3pa6orKe

xrnrsl,

cpeAcra

rpaHcnopra,

cHapaxeHl/|a

u T.

a.,

oaHocTopoHHe

opreHT4poBa-

nqcb

Ha

AocTtixeHrF

TexHltK, u

onbtT xo3FicTBoBaHuF

B

Apy-

rux

perroHax

cTpaHEt. B

pe3ynbT€Te

TaKoro

yTMnrTapHo-TexHr-

rrecKoro

noAxoAa

HapyuaeTcF

cnox68rleeca

3xonoruqecKoe

l,r

SKoHoMxqecKoe paEHoBecue

E

peTlioHe,

qTo

HeraTrBHo

oToa_

xaeTca Ha

efo

onope

u

oayHe,

a rnaBHoe

-

Ha

ycnoBlrFx

xr43-

Hr,r

KopeHHoro

HaceneHus

ceBepa_ B

pe3ynbTaTe

cpeAx KopeH-

HOiO

HaceneHrF HaMet9lnrch

ocna6neHl,4e

HaqroHanbHoi

06u-

Hocrl,4,

yrpara

nonoxltren6Hhlx

npor3BoAcrBeHHbtx

u 6btroBbtx

Tpaarqri,

cKnaabtsaBlllrxcf

EeKaMr,

HapyueH

e opraHrqec-

Kot

B3arMocBF3r,t

c nphpoAHoi

cpeAoi. [loFBxnac6

cepbe3Haf,

onacHocTs

yTparht

MaT€pu€nbHstx

|,l

ayxoBsEtx

qeHHocTei

ko_

peHH6rMl,

HapoAaMl4

ceBepa.

C nocronHHhtM

orKpbrrueM

Bce HoBbrx

MecropoxAeHhfi

He6Tli

{

ra3a,

npoKnaAKoi

rpy6onpoBoAoB,

cTpouTenbcTsoM}

ra3oKoMnpeccopHbtx

cTaHqui x

T,

a.,

so3pacraer

npxToK

pa6o-

qei

cl4nbr ,3

cpeAHetx

rr toxHbtx

LrJlrpoT

cTpaH6r,

pacrer

cnpoc

Ha

o6opyAoBaHue

r cHapf,xeHne,

Heo6xoahMoe

Anf,

pa6orbt

B

ceBepHstx ycnosrFX.

B

pe3ynbrare

npoMhtuneHHoro

noAxoAa

K

peueH,4to

npo6-

neM

CeBepa

c$opMt

poBanocb

HecKonbKb

HanpaBreHri

B npo-

eKrxpoBaHu4

o6opyaoeaHxF

h

cHapaxeHrF

AnF

ceBepHbtx

fiepsoe

HanpaBneHxe,

Hah6onee

gacro

EcrpeqablqeecF,

MoxHo ycnoBHo

Ha386rb

.,MoAepHr3aqhoHHbtM,,

rIlr,.nporo_

rnhHbtM".

OcHoBHoi

ero npxHqun

-

MoAepHlr3aqnF

cytqecr-

ByKrulhx

npoTor,noB

TexHuKl4

h

apyroro

o6opyaoBaHuF,

cnoxrsr!14xcB

B

coaepLiJeHHo

nH6tX

yctOBl,{FX,

HanpuMep

B

CpeaHei

ulr,tpoTe. u

nurlh He3Ha'{BrenhHo

cKoppeKrnpoBaH-

Hblx

AIIn

3KcTpeManbHbtx

KnrrMaTl4gecKrx ycnosri

ceBepa.

TaK

co3aarcT

sce

,inr noqi,

Bce Bxabr

rpaHcnopra,

xrnxula,

oaexarr

u

ap.

3Tor

noaxoa

6btn

oco6eHHo xapaKTepeB

anF

60-70-x

roAoB.

B

Hacrosqee

BpeMn noHBunocb

HeMano

BraoB o6opyaos€-

Hl,|A,

CO3AaHH6tX

CneqranbHo

4nF

ycnoBui

CeBepa

(pagnraqasre

83

84

Thnbr Be3aexoaoB

Ha ryceHl/|{HoM

xoayL

Bo3ayulHoi

noayuKe;

xqnuqa,,CeBepFnK6"..,C€Bep'3"l,l

T.

A

)

.

OaBaKo

noAxoA

K lix

pa3pa6orKe

ocTaeTcF

npexHvM, T. e.

J\roa€pHr3aqrlF

llpoTo_

xlnos

(nepepa6orKa y3noB,

arperaroB,

aelanei

h r.

n.) .

npaK_

T'rqecKu

ao

cnx

nop HeT o6opyaoaaHuF

u cHapFxeHua,

s KoTO-

phrx

6hr onrxManhHo

peuranhcb npo6neMbr

KpaiHero

CeBepa.

npouecc MoaepHr3aqnn,

TeM He MeHee,

3KoHoMhqecKta

abl_

roaeH, nocKonbKy

npeanataer

nurrlb

ycoBepueHclBoBaHue

cy-

qecTByK,utero.

Ho oH 6ecKoHeqeH,

Tax

xax s{cnnyaraqran

cos'

AaHHOi

raKUM nvreM

TexHllKl,

B npupoaHo'KnuMaTuqecKux'

corlhan6Ho-Kynbryptrhrx

x

apyrux

ycnoBtisx

CeBepa

HenpephlB-

HO OtKOStAaer BCe

HOBhle ee

HeaocTarKM,

npxHyxaatoqlle'1

K

HOBbIM 3arp6TaM

Ha MOAepHll3aql,€.

'.

BTopoe

HanpaBneH[e,

Koropoe

ycnoBHo Moxr]o

Ha3Barb

,,aHanuTnqecKvM"

unx,,+dKropHblM",

cocToxT

B

clpeMneHfi9l

Kax MoxHo

aeranbHee

BsrFslrb

OaKTophl,

aetcrByloutre

B

yc_

noBlrFx cesepa

(xnri,ral,

no{ea, atMocoepa

u

ap.),

ta

coopMy-

nupoEaTb

Ha ux

ocHoBe

rpe6oBaHuF,

KoTopble

Heo6xoal4Mo

npearfBxTh

K npoeKlhpyeMoMv

o6opyaoEaHrp

r cHapBxe_

HXrc, cUH.re3

pettleHXA

nporlcxoattT

Ha

ocHoBe aHanr3a

B3a!tMo_

cBf,3r

pa3Hblx

rpe6oBaHtti.

cKnaableaK)ultlxcF

B co3HaHxu

npo-

eKTgrDoBull,rKa.

l,'13-3a cnequ+rtlHocru

ycnoBl4i CeBepa

sTux

Tpe6osaH6i

TaK

MHoro

l, ,x orHoL!€Hre

TaK

cBoeo6pa3Ho,

qYo

npexHri onbtT cltHTe3a,

rMe|oulnicF

y

npoeKT!|poBult'lKos,

HenpxroAeH,

nonHoe

pacKpblrre

Bcex

Ae;crByroull'tx

daKTopos

noK6

He noa

crrny,npoeKTHhlM

Opralth3aquFM,

aaxe

c

noAKnlo-

qeHreM

K

oa60re

3Bl\r.

npuMepoM,,OaKlopHoro"

noaxoaa

cnyi(ar

npoeKTHble

pa3pa6orKl,

(uxorre

ro

Hrx

yxe

FHeapeHbll

tleHfiHrpaacKoro

3OHan6HOrO

HayqHO-l,lCCtleaoaaTenbcxoro

9rHclhTyTa 9Kcnepu_

MeHranbHoro

npoeKrrpoBaHxB

(neH3Htl143ft).

np,

peLUeHl,tl

npo6neMbr

Mo6 nbHoi

xrnoi

FqeiKx

ana

oneHeBoaoB

u reo-

noroe KpaiHero

Cesepa

npoeKTupoBuluKx

npoBenu

6otbr!yK)

pa6ory

no

EbrFBneHu|o

+sKTopos

cpeahl,

rexHtlgecKux

tapa-

MeTpoB MaTepuanoB

fi nx

oyHK[nOHnpOBaHfiF

B 3KCTpeMAnb'

HSlx vcnoBrf,x.

Ka3anocE

6hl,

Y'{l4ThlBaelcH

Bce

l.|nr noqrtl

sce'

OAHaKo

npoayKqrs,

nonaaaf, K

Mecry Ha3HaqeHxF

u

npoiaF

nepBoe rlcnblTaHre.

KaK

npaBuno,

o-rnpaanFelcn

3aTeM

H€

cKnaa, nocKon6Ky

petyngTaThl

oKa3btBaKrTcn

oTpuqaTenbHbl'

Ml,|, xorn B neH3Ht4l43ne

cyqecrByer

cBor

6a3a

no u3roroB-

neHulo onblfHbtx

o6pa3qoB

v

aaxe

nonuroH

atlF

l'x ucnbtraH

f

B

oailoHe

KpaiHero

CeEepa.

f]ptltlrHa

B loM,

qro

npooeccxo'

HanbHaf

Kynhrypa

pa3pa6oT'{rKoB ctoxllnacb

B

yctloBHFx'

Ha_

cTorbKo oinuqHbrx

oT

npo6neM

KpaiHero

ceBepa,'{ro Anf,

3S+eKTrBBoro

peuleHrF

3aaaq

aonxnbl

6btl5

apyrxMl,l

He

TonbKo MeroAEl

pa6oThl.

Ho l.t cTttnh

MhltttleHl,f,

l'l

Aaxe

xa-

paKlep

MqpooulyqeHuF.

OT HeaoctarKoE

aHanhrllqecKoro

npoeKl9lpoBaHuF

Kax<er-

ca ecrecraeHHblM

yir6,

ecnl/.

ocHoBhlBaTbcF

Ha

qenocTHblx

06-

pa3uax

o6opyaoBaHxf,

,

l,4cTopl{'lecK,l

cJloxl,Btlll.|xcF

B

ycnoBrl'

Fx

CeBepa.

Tl,nnqHhli

nplMep

-

npoayKrbl

peMecen.

OaHaKo

cpean

npoayKToB

peMecen

HeT

npHM6lx

npororunoB

Mtlorr4x

srAoB o6opyAoBaHus.

KpoMe

roro, Malepnan,

t,l3

Koropoto

co3aaHbt 3Tn

npeaMerbl,

pe3Ko

oTrluqaeTcF

oT MaTep

anoB,

l'lc-

nonb3yeM6rx

B npox3BoAcTBeHHOi

reXHOtOftll'4.

[lpaB nsHee

6yaer

ornpasrFTbcF

B cMHTe3e

peueHrH

He or caMux

o6pa3uoB

peMecna,

a

or rnaEHhlx

nprHqtrnoB,

l'43 KOTOpbIX

HaAO ',CXO-

Axrb

B

6opMoo6pa3o

eaiuvrt

-

or

rnaBHhtx

SaKTopoB,

aeicr'

By|outl/x

B

ycnoBrfx ceBepa

HecoMHeHHo,

qfo

oTpa6oTKa

cnocd6oB co3aaHhF

Beqei

xrrennM

CeBepa

He

ronbKo

AaBa-

na onblT caMoro

,43roTQBneHr4F.

HO t,, OTKpblBatla

noHxMaHl,e

3aKOHOMepHOi

CBH3,|

BBneHMi

npupoaBor

6 coq|,!anbHoi

EarxcreeHxo

npaB nhHhli

nyrb

_

He

,cxoal'Tb

l'3 caMrx

Beulei

14

cBoeo6pa3rF

ux

+yHKqHi,

a

tcnonb3oBarb

ux KaK

o6paSqbr

OopMoo6pa3oBaHMa,

B Koropbtx

rapMoH'qHo

yqreHhl

BCe OCO6eHHOCT|i

CeBepHoro

peTroHa 14Haqe roBopF,

ucxoar'iTb

Heo6xo4xMo

1,43 KaKtix_To

BaxHblx

(FaKTOpOB perhOHa'

Ho

B3A_

TbIX HE A6CTDAKTHO€HAN'T''IECKT,

A

YqTEHHOM

Y|nl,4 CHFTOM

E rae,

B o6pa3qax

nx

yaaqHoro

cnHTeSa.

nonblrKfi

TaKOfO

pOAa

npeAnprHtrMan4cb.

OAHaKo 6onbL!vlHcrBo

lla Ht'tx

o6peqeHo 6hl_

no Ha Heyaaqy

no roi

npllqltHe,

qTo

re,

KTo

vHacneaoBat!

onbrt

OopMoo6pa3ossHrF.

aaneKo

He

oaHo3HaqHo,lcronKoBbrBanll

AJ|F

ce6F

cylr.lHocrb

SopMoo6pa3yblltl,lx

npreMoB,

B3FTblx

r13

Kynbrypbr.

no3ToMy

coBceM

He Ha

rex 3neMeHTax

6opM5l

cra_

B ncF

6KqeHT.

oaKTuqecKh

HacneaoBaiocb

He ro'

qro

cocraB-

nfino

aeicrBl4TenlHoe

Aocr'lxeHue

Kynbrypbl.

B xrore

Hav6c|-

nee Bar(Hbro

d€KTOpbl

per[oHa

Mornl,|

oKa3aTbcn

HeyqTeBHblMl.|'

HackonbKo

Henpocro

npaannbHo

yHacneaoBar6

onblr

perroHa,

roEopuT,

Hanp!rMep,

ToT

oaKr,

qTo

caM,

KopeHHsle

x,Tener,

aa

xe

peMecneHHrKtl,

aaneKo

Be

sceraa

noHxMalor,

'{eM

obycnoB'

neBa

OopMa

rex

ltnvl llHblx

Beqei.

ylx

o6lFcHeHhF

3a'{acrylo

QaHracru,rHbr.

(TaKxe

nprMepbl

npMBoaxr

Ax.

K.AxoHc

B cBoet

KHUre,,rlHXeHepHoe

i,t xyaoxecTBeHHoe

KoHcTpyxpoBaH|,|e"

)

hraK. BMecre

c o6pa3qaMx

peMecneHHoI

SopMhl

Heo6xoal,'

MO 3arMCTBOBarb

CaMy Cl.CTeMy

oOpMOO6pa3yrcUlxx

oaKTo-

pos,

T. e.

npfiHqunbl

rapMoHr3aqn,4,

cr{HTe3a,

l,l noHhMaHlle

TOrO,

KaKre 3To

daKTopbl

u cKonbKo

r'4x. oqeBxaHo,'lro

STxx

6aKTopoB

de Moxer 6blrb

oqeHh

MHoro.

BepHee,

oHl'l opraHx30-

BaHhr TaK.

qTO

Ha

neoBhli

nnaH a coSHaHrtl

MacTepa

nnl,l npoeK'

T!,rpoBulr4Ka

Bceraa

6yayr

BblcTynalb

HecKOnsKO

CaMblX

rnAE'

Hbtx,

KoM6uHrlpyf,cb

B

3aBucl,lMocTt4

or

roro

finu tlHoro

Buaa

Beurei.

B Heo6xoahMocr,

TaKoro

noAxoAa

y6exAaor

caMr

3aKoHo'

MepHocTr,4 cnoxeHhf,

KynbTypbr

perroHa.

xxren,|

peruoHa.

Ha'

6roaF a

teqeHhe

BeKoB onhti

u3roroaneHltF

aeuet,

cHapaxe-

HrF, He TOnbKO

OCBaUBanti

CaM

onllT

lrx MaTepManbHoro

u3ro_

TOBneHvF,

HO U

oopMlrpoBanrl

anF

ce6f

HeKoTopble

npaKTx'

geCKxe

yCTaHOBKI'|,

KOTOpble

OKa3aflUCb

OnpeAenf,K)Ull'4Mlt

s

MgtponoHgtMaH[rt.

3ro sHaxhe

no3BonFet

aocrx'lb

rof

Tsop'

qecKoi

cBo6oA6r,

npx

Koropoi

nrc6aF

co3AaHHaF

Beq6'

Aaxe

Hoean;oKa3brBaercF

cpaSy

xe tapMoHuqHo

anucaHHoi|

B

ecrecr-

BeHHhre coq

anbHhle

ycnoBrF

perroHa.

Orueqegxoro

sbrLle

noHnMaHrla

Kynbrypbl

nefqe

Bcero

MOXHO

AOCTl4ts ,,t

3rty19y'".

r. e.

npxHFB o6pa3

xl43Hl4

KOpeH'

HOrO

x'4TenF.

nO3TOMy CpeAH

npoeKrupoBLul,KoB

o6opyaoBa-

HriF 6brryer

y6sxaeHue,

qro

co3aaEarE

aelitcra,4Ten6Ho

nonHo_

qeHHoe

,,ceBepHoe-'

o6opyAoBaHue

MoxHo.

no>Kl,B

Ha caMOM

ceBepe

x

eqe

ny'rule

-

cpeAtr

ero KcpeHHoro

HaceneHrln

oAHa

KO. KAK V)Xe

OTMeqanoch

Bhltlle,

aaxe

caMu

a6oprreHHble

xuT6

nl,l

He

Bceraa

sepHo o6bEcHFlor

npglqnHbl,

BnhFloutue

Ha

oop-

My Beqefi,

TaK 9TO

nyrb

npoHl'lKHoseHuF,,h3Hyrpl'"

Moxer

nDuBeciv K ouu6KaM.

EauHcrseHHo

AocroBepHbli

xcroqHrK

+opMoo6palypull'x

nouHrl!1noB

-

caMrl

sopMbl

Beqei.

HyxHo

yMerb

hx aHanr3u-

ooBaTS,

onbtT ceBepHblx

3Kcneaultlti,

!t3y'reHre

Bonpoca

no ntt_

TepaTypHbrM

ncToqHrKaM

noKa3anrl,

qTo

KaxaaF

Beulb

yql'rbl_

Baer cpa3y

Bce

rpe6oBaHrF

-

u npxpoaHEle}r

Cottraansnste

Ho

B KaXAOi

BeUIU

rpe6oBaHIrF

vaoBnerBopeBbl

no-p€3tloMy

OKa3brBaercF,

qro

B HeKoropbrx

BeLqax oAHl'4

Tpe6oBaBha

sbl-

xoanr Ha nepBbti

nnaH,

apyrre

oKa3LtBa6rcF

BTOpOCTeneHHsl-

M,

l'nx Kaxyrcc

BoBce orcyrcrsyotlllrMr'

TaK

qro

anF

,3yqe-

H'rf,

Aaxe

KaKoro-ro oaHoto

oaKTopa

Heo6xoalrMo

r'l3y{aTb

B

nolrHulrne Bc|o

npeaMeTHyro Kynbrypy.

Ho nocKonbKy

npaKr}l'

qecKx

3To

rpyAHo,

Heo6xoal,lMo

aHanll3 oaHoro

!l Toro

xe

OaKTopa

nposoaxrb

Ha HecKonbKxx

pa3Hbrx

Beulax.

Iloro6pereHHrri

onbrr aHanurltqecKoi

pa6orhl c Kynbiyp-

HbrMrl o6pa3qaM,

no3BotFer cryaeHraM

rerqe

BoiTl4

B noHr4'

MaHue npo6neM

nonnKynbrypHbrx

perroHos.

Kcrarh,

a ceBep-

Hbrx

petuoHax

3Tor

noaxoA craHoBltrcF

Bce 60IIee

aKTyatbHSlM

B

CBF34

C HaOaCTa|{)Ulei

,lHTeHCrsHocTb6

ero

npoMblulneHHoro

ocEoeHuF,

qTo6br

Kynbrypy

He

pa3pyLlarb,

Heo6xoal'lMo

ee

nooeKTrooaaTb.

NPOENEMbI

KOMNNEKCHOTO

APX14TEKTyPHO-[143AFH

EPCKOTO

O6PA3OBAH14fl

tloKanr3a[uF

ata3aiHepcKoro

OaKynbrera

a cocraBe

apxrreK-

rypHoro By3a

Moxer llMeTE

pFA

nperMyurecrB

B cvny

poacr-

BeHHocr[

npooeccki

ri

cxoxecri

yqe6Hbtx

nnaHoB. Ha

ypane

cBF35

Ah3aiHepcKoro

o6pa3oBaHxF

c

apxl,Tel<rypHbtM

cnoxh.

nacb,

MoxHo

cKa3aIh. xcTopll'4ecKh.

yxe

B

ypanbcKoM

nonu-

TexHr'{ecKoM

HHCrxTyTe

Ha apxhreKTypHoM

oaKynbTeTe,

,l3

KoTopo.o

noToM

o6pa3oBancF

CBepAApxrl,

pa6orafl!r

cne-

uxanxcThr no

au3aiHy,

'rrTanucb

Kypcbt TexHu'tecKoi

f,cTeThKx

u

r.

n.

CoBepueHHo noruqHo

6Etno no3ToMv

ooTaHr3oBaTb or.

aeneHue

Ax3aiHa

B

cBeparroBcKoM

apxxTeKTypHoM.

ttyo

t

6hrno caenaHo no

peueHErc

N4uHBy3a PCOCP

B 1968 r.

O

3Ha,reHh|,

groro

SaKTa

BeAyulr4e cneqxanrcrhr By3a nrica-

ns

cneay|oulee:

,,craryc

npo+eccxu

4'13aiHepa...

aonxeH

oop-

MrpoBaTbcF

He

cTrrxl,4riHo

noa

BnxFHy€M

pa3n14qHbtx

LcTonKo-

saHni

u npeAcTaBneHui

co cropoHht, a

qeneHanpaaneHHo '{epe3

c4cTeMy

npooecclroHalbHoi

noaroToBKh,

TAe oaHa l,|3 rnaB-

Heiujl4x

3aAaq

-

Ao6ljrbcF

qelKoro

oco3HaHua

3Toi

noodec-

cl4oHanrHocT,

L B caMux

06v{arcLt'luxcf,,..

3Aec6

BeAyuee

3Ha'leHgle rMeer xapaKrep

6a3oBoi cneqlna'

nr3aq!ru lrHcrrryla

-

apxrTeKTypLt,

cBF3aHHoli

c caMbtMl,l

p63-

nrjqHbrMh

acneKraMu

opraHur3aqdq

cpeabt c L!upor(xM

A

ana3o-

HoM o6leKToa

q

oDheHTauue;

Ha cnoxHbre rexHonorxqecKre

KoMnneKcbf

ypa^a

a

ct 6t

pv"*,

Snu3ocrb

npooeccroHanbHo;

noaroroBKl,4

An3a;BepoB

x

apxlrreKropoB

onpeaenhnacb yxe

B noaroToBKe

a6!,fypueH-

ToB, B 7Ge

roabr npl4 l,Hcrrryre

pa6oran,

o6uru;

pa6daK

Ana

nocnaHqeB

npoMbtulneHHhtx|4

cenbcKoxo3F9tcraeHH6tx npeA-

nphFrni,

ulKona

rcHoro apxhreKtopa l4

4l43air!epa

ans

tUKonb-

Hr,rKoB

8.

4

I-x KnaccoB,

qeTbrpexMecAqHbte

Beqepixe

Kvpcbr

no

noaroToBKe

K nocTynneHulo

B BV3 |,

MeCFqHbte nOATOTOBrTenb.

Hbre

sKcnpecc-Kypcbt

anF

yHoropoaHLx

a6urypl4eHToB, rAe

3Hac14TenhFoe

sHuMaHhe

yAenRnocb

oT6opv

noaroloBKe a6x-

TypxeHToB

r< KoHKypcHbrM

acrynuren6HstM

sx3aMeHaM no

pl4,

cyHKy,

qepqeHurc,

MareMaTllKe,

(pr3hKe

x

pyccKoMy

f,36tKy

Ha

cneavrcutrrx

3Tanax notrroToBKh

ar3aiHepoB

,,TecHaF

csF3b

o6leKroa

ar3aiHepcKoro

ri

apxxreKrypHoro

npoeKTH-

poaaHuF,

6n[3ocrb

cronqHx nepea Hl4Mh

3aa€'{ o6ycnoBunu

06utHocTb,,.

M

eroAl,i Kl,{ o6yqeHun nocTynusLxrx

B l,tHcrl,4rvr

no 3ruM

aByM

cneqxanbHocrf,M"**,

l/l

ao

HacToFulero BpeMeFrl

,,aKqeHTrpoaaHxe

noaroToBK,l

ax3aiHepoB

cocpeaoro{eHo Ha

rpex

ocHoaHbrx

MoMeHrar:

o6v'{eHxe MeroarKe npoeKrHou

aearenbHocrI,

KaK ocHoBbr

npodeccl4oHanbHoi

noaroroBKx;

ocBoeHrF

B nnouecce yqe6br

oco6eHHocrei nr\ocrnaHcraeHHoi

opraHr3auuu

(cpeabt));

Bstpa6orKa yMeHha pa6orarb

c apxx.

nocneAHee

nonoxeHue

3areM 6brno HecxonbKo

yroqHe-

HO:

,,86rpa6orKa

vMeHxF

pa6oratb

B

rBopqecKoi

cBF3r, co

cfleqranrcTaMu

apyr!4x

npooeccui"r***.

qTo

roBopqr o

60-

nee

rny6oKoM

ocosHaH14l,4

Ar,r3aiHepcKoro

npo+eccxoHanq3Ma,

HO

npnHtrxnxanbHbtx

ycTaHoBoK

He MeHFeT.

'

Bnadu

MupcKu

D lO.A..Tok

M

aK os

A.

A_

npoeKrHas

Aesrenb-

HOCrb

KaK

OcHOBa npodeccxoHansHoi

noaroroBKu

xyaoxsr,

Ka-KoHcrpyKropa

s CBeparoBcKoM

apxureKrypHoM rHcrl,try-

re//flpoi\rhttuneHHoe

ucKyccrBo

: MexsV3oscKri

reMarrqecKui

c6opHrK,

Bbrn.

1/MApxrt.

M, 198O.

C. 100.

""TaM

xe,

C

101

.

***BnaduMupcKui

l{t.A., Kydarueeus

M.14. MaMaee

A6.

lloAroroBKa

463aiHepoB

Ha

ypane//TexBhqecKdF

ocrerrKa.

1983.

No

8.

C. 13.

*"

"

*TaM

xe.

C. 14.

floMt{Mo

3Toro, o6pautaer

Ha

ce6F

EHaMaH.,{e

ro,

qro

ueHT-

panbHoe

Mecro

orBoAurcF

noHFTr,lro

cpeAbr,

Aeno

He tofibKo B

ToM,

qTo

Ar3arH-AeFTenbBocrb

B

ueroM oDqeHT

ooBaHa Ha

+opMr,rpoBaHUe,,rapMoHlrgHoi cpeAbt'

lKcrarh,

AnH

HanpaB.

nenfii npaKrxKx

,HAacTphan-Ax3aiHa

Aaxe

,

3ro He

xapaK-

repHo).

l,

He a roM,

qTo

B reopuro

h MeroArrKV

Aq3aiHa

BHeA.

pFercF

cpeaoBoi noaxoa.

npeacraBnFeTca,

'1To

ra xcKnrcqu-

-renbHaF

ponb,

Koropaa orsoa!4rca

Kareroprl4

,,cpeaa,,

npe-

noaaBarenf,Ml,

Ka+eApht npoMbtL!neHHoTo

xcKVccTBa

.

CaepAApxrl,

o6arcHf,€rcF

HaxoxAeHxeM

ee

sHyrph

apxrreK-

rypHoi

LllKonbr, Henocpe4cTBeHHoi

cBF3bto

Ax3aiHepcKoro

o6pa3oBaHxs

c o6pa3oBaHreM

apxxreKrypHbtM

B

creHax

floMrlMo

nporpeccuBHoi

opueHTaquu

Ha oxBar

cpeAbt B

qenoM,

3ro o6croFren6cTao

A6er

Au3aiHepcKoMy

o6pa3oEa,

Hr,flo

pFA

Apyr

xx nperMyqecrs.

O6yqeHqe

ar3aiHepos

B

cre_

Hax

apxrreKrypHoro

uHcr4Tyra,

xMemqero pFA pa3Hoo6pa3_

Hhrx

KaSeAp,

cneuxan6Hbrx

MacrepcKqx

u na6oparopxi,

oTp+

60r€HHbre

SopMhr

TBop'recKoro

corpyAHr.4qecTBa pa3n!rqHbrx

KadeAp

Apyr

c

ApyroM/

co3Aaer

pFA

npexMyulecrB s noAro.

TOBKe

Cfleqran

cros

,

B

qacTHocT.a

TaKoe

KaparHanbHoe

npe_

qMyqecTso,

KaK kanxque B

cncTeMe

o6pa3oBaHua

coutanbHoi

npo6neMaTMKM.

Ornrlq renbHoi

eeproia noAroroBKx

FBnFrc

tcF

cBF3h

apxrreKrypHoro

14

ari3atHepcKofo

npoeKrupoBaHrF

c

co-

qt

anbHoi

npo6neMaTrKo;,

o6ycroBnuBamque

onpeAeneHHyK)

06tqHocrb

MeToAnKx

o6y,reHuF no

o6ehM

cnequanbHocrFM

O4naro npn

BceU B/,atAM,oA

6naronphFT8ocrx

groi

c4Tya-

qI,x

ecTb B

Hei n MeroargecKne

TpyaHocTu. flpohcTeKarcT

oHh,

npexAe

ecefo,

x3 xapaKrepa peanbHoi

apxureKrypHoi npaKrl4_

Kr,

rae

xorb l,

cyulecTByer

TeoperyqecKx

npoBo3rnatleHHaF

reHAeHqrB

cnuFHxft

aeFrenbHocrei apxllreKrypbt t,

Nrcai''J.a,

HO

AO

Cl4x

nop

He HaiaeHa nnaroopMa

e3arMoae;crBuF

cne-

qran[croB,

ocyqecTatFrcutux

Ha3saHHbte

suaht

aenTenhHo_

cTu'

apx14TeKTopbr

tl

ar,r3a;HepLr

Br,tHyxaeHbt

ay6nxpoBarb

Apyf

Apyra,

B

'rac1Hocrr4

B o6nac

npoMbtLlneHHoro

uHrepbe-

pa,

npoeKTxpoBaH

F )+<unu!!a

u

Ap,

TaKaF

cxTyaqxB

cnoxh_

nacb

et3-3a

orcyTcTa

B Bo3MOxHOCrei peurarb

npo6neMht

apxx_

TeKrvphr

x

al,r3aiHa

coBMecTHo Ha

KaxaoM

o6reKre.

Bce

3ro x o6ycnoBxno

noFaneHhe l,ae,t

3KcneprMeHTarb,

Hot npoBepKl,

eo3MoxHocTei

B3arMoAeicrBxF

apxxreKTopoB

14

Ax3atHepoE

B

yqe6HoM

npoqecce

-

B,-raK

cKa3arb,

,,'{,jcloir'

cuTyaquu,

He orFrouteHHoi

npaKruce€K|4Mx

3a6oraMu,

TOCTaMh

y

npoqrMh

cno)KHocrFMx

peanbHoro

npoeKTqposa-

HUF

CoBepu.reHHo oqeBrAHo,

qio

pe3ynbrarbt

aroro 3Kcnepr-

MeHTa Mornx

6ht oKa3arbcf,

KpaiHe nofie3HbtMM

He ronbKo

Ana

cracreMbr

o6pa3oBaHuF dpxl,4reKropoB

x

Ar3aiHepos,

Hola

AnF

npaKThKl,

apx14TeKrvpbr

l,

ah3aiHa_

B

3rrrx

qenFx

B CBepAApxl4

y)xe

s nepsbte roAst

ero cvqe-

crBoBaHhF

6brro BBeAeHo

coBMecrHoe

apxureKrypHo-Al,j3ai-

HepcKoe yLre6Hoe

npoeKrupoBaH

e, Koropoe

nposoaqnoch

Ka$eapoi

npoMsrrlneHEoro

l4cKyccIBa

B

coapyxecTBe c Ka-

+eapaMx

npoMbrLUneHHoir

r

paxaaHC

Kox

apxxreKrypbt.

BbrFsneHhe

raKoi y'le6Hoi

SopM6t

6b'no npoAl,lKToBaHo

He-

o6xoAr,4Mocrbrc

B

coBMeciHoi

pa6ore

ah3aiHepos

14

apxureK-

ropoB

Haa

cnoxHbtM14

o6leKTaMx. rak!1Mt4, KaK

qex,

o6ulecT-

BeHHbti

x

xunoi nHrepbep,

napK x

Apyr6e

r[nbr cpeA6t

OrcyT-

cTBre

B

ceroaHf,LUHe|i npaKTrKe

AoCTaTOqHOTO

OnbrTa TaKOTO

corpyaHxqecrBa

3acTaBnFer orHocxThcF

K

yqe6HoMy

apxxreK-

TypHo-ax3aiHepcKoMy

npoe(rrpoBaHllto

He rorrbKo

KaK K

@opMe

yqe6b,,

Ho x

KaK K 3KcnepuMeHTy,

xMerculeMv

MeioAr-

qecKyrc

qeHHocTb

anF

npaKrltKoa.

B

xoae orpa6orr<4

opraHh-

3auxoHH6rx

u MeToataqecKxx

npBHqrnoa

B3axMoaeicTBl4F

ax.

3arHepoB 14

apxrreKropoB

BHxMaHl,e

VAenRnoch

raKhM

Bonpo,

caM, KaK

pa3rpaHhqeHxe

npo6neM,

B3auMHaF

nocTaHoBKa

3a4a-

q4,

Bsrpa6orKa

coBMecrHbtx

peueHhi

u

r_

a_

OAHaKo

u e

Vqe6HoM

npoeKrupoBaHrh

ocraBanocb

coBep-

rlleHHo

HeFcH6tM,

KaK

pa3peururb,

HanpxMep, raKt4e

npo6neMhr:

85

1.

qro

aotrxHo

crarb

npoeKrHbtM

3aaaHueM anF

coBMecrHo'

ro

npoeKTupoBaHMF?

2, no

KaKuM

Kp[Tep

aM

sbl6uparb

o6leKT

npoeKT

-

ooBaHnF?

3.

KaK opraHx30Barh

npouecc

Bo BpeMeHx?

4,

KaKxM o6pa3oM

roroBxrb

KonneKrxa

npoeKTrpoBull'-

Kos k TaKoi aeFTenr,Hocrt?

-

x r' n.

B KoHKoerHoM

MeroaxqecKoM

Kn|oqe

npenoaaEarent

pa3-

pa6oranl,

rpa+l,|Ku

coBMeciHoro

apxurexrypHo-A[3aiHepcKo-

ro npoeKTxpoBaH,lf,,

B

pe3ynbraTe 6blno

BblnotlHeHo

HecKonh-

KO COBMeCTHbIX

apxureKlypHo'at43aiHepcKxx

npoeKTos',

Ha'

np!{Mep

no

npoel3BoacrseHHoi

cpeae

AnanaeBcKoro

Meran'

nyprrqecKoro

3aBoAa,

no 6naroycrpo;crsy

napKa uM

B B

Maf-

KOBCKOTO

14

Ap

He Ha

Bce BonpocSl

nonyqeHbl

orBerbl,

Ho

HaKonneHBbli

nelrarorfiqecKtlil

onbrT

no3BOnun

npenoaaBaTenFM

KaQeapbl

nooMstu.ineHHoro

llcKyccrBa

caenarb

pf,

a

Bbleoaos.

npoayK'

T4BHblX

anf,

MeroatrK6

npenoaaBaHuf,

:

ronhKo

HoBbli,

He

HOpMIlpoBaHHbli

Bl{a o6leKra aaer

Hau6onee

nonHv|o cso6oAy anF

B3auMOAeiCTA',A

npOeKTh'

poBulnKoa;

B OCHOBe

+opMr,lpoBaHltF

cTpyKTypbl

B3a'MOAe!!CTB'IF

aotlxeH

nex<arb

npaKTtKo-Meroal'{ecKxi

noaxoa;

qenoBeK

ecrb

ToT

KpuTepx;,

KOTOpbli

nexur

B ocHoBe

Kax'

aoro

h3 BlraoB

npoeKTuposaHnF

-

apx'TeKrypHoro

x

an3ai'

HepcKoro,

Ho collranbHo

r 6xonorlrqecKt

oH

paccMaTpuBaeTcF

f,Tl,lMl4

aeaTenSHocTFM

noa

pa3HhlM

yrnoM 3peHl4F

c

pa3Hoi

Mepoi

noapo6Hocrt4;

a coBMecTHoi aearenbHocrl,

au3aiHep,

co3aaBaF

cpeAv'

+opMupyer

getloBeKa

KaK

nli'lHocrb;

oH cFopM!{pyer

npeaMer-

Hbli Mup

x BblAB6raeT

rpe6oBaHl,F

K

+opMe

t!Hrepbepa;

apx11reKrop

B

coBMecTHofi

aeFrenbHocTl'4,

lrcxoaa

!r3 rpaao-

crpourenhHbrx

rpe6oBaHn;.

OopMxpyer

apxMreKtypHylo

sop'

My npocrpaHcTaa;

86

rMeHHoBHyrpeHHFfio6ono'{KanpocrpaHcrBanpeacraBnf,er

co6oi

o6nacrb

Hati60nee

recHoro

B3atl

Moaeicr

Bl'lF

;

BeHUOM COBMeCTHOTo

npoeKTxpoBaHl/lF

MO}i(HO

CqUTarb

Bbl'

pa6orr(y KoHuenqxu

dopMbl

apxl4reKryphl

x npeaMerHot

cpe-

abr;

pa3pa6orKa

o6uei

cTtneBoi

KOHqenq|4!t,

xnx, roBopBApY-

r14MU CnOBaM!1,

O6pa3Horo

crpoF,

ecrb

BblcoKoe

rBopqecrBo'

Boo6ure, ecnv

roBopurb

o ecrecrBeBHoi anF

Ka$eapbl

npoMr,rLrneHHoro

rcKyccTBa

ycTaHOBKe

na KOHTaKT

Al'43atHep-

cKofo

o6pa3oBaHrF

c

apx!rreKrYpHblM

MOx(HO

OTMerltTb

cneaylor.qee.

noaroroBKa

aq3aiHepoB

s apxureKTypHoi

L!Kone

aeicr'

Bnren6Ho

,Meer

pFA

npexMyurecrB

no

cpaBHeHl,|rc

c

noaro'

TOBKOi

B CrpyKType

xyaoxecraeHHo-npoMblLrneHHblx

By3oB',

HO

l,

Tarr

B Ce6e

HeKOTOpble

onacHocr,.

rnaaHoe

u3 npetMy-

qecrB

-

3ro

ro,

'rro

ax3aiH

opraH4qecKu

He

MoxeT 6r'lTh

paccMaTpuBaeM Hu

npenoaaBaTenFMn,

Hh cryaeHTaM14

BHe Cpe-

4hr,

u no3roMy

sce o6rreKrhl

Kypcosoro

x

axnnoMHoro

npoeK-

lxpoBaHxF BKnK)t{alorcF

B

KOsTeKcTbl

apx'lTeKrypHoi

cpe-

trbl

-

co

Bcei ee 3KororuqecKoi,

coutlanbHoi,

coquoKynsryp-

Hoi, cotluanhHo-ncMXonorrqecKoi

u npo'le;

npo6neMarxKoi

Ho s 3ToM

xe

MoMeHTe

coaepxlllcF

u noreHq'lanhHan

onac-

HOCTS

nOnblroK

n14rul4Tb

yqe6Hbli

al',43atH

caMocroFTerSHocT14'

noeBoar4Tb

t^'/,Aa1lpaan-aa3ai/.H

B CpeaoBo4,

qro

npaKT|4-

qecr

TDaKlvercF

y3Ko

-

KaK

An3aiH

uFTepbepoE, a'13aiH

ropoacKot

cpea6l

x T.

a

Apyroe

npexMyulecrBo

-

Hanxqhe

B apxl,TeKrypBotl

r!Kone

ltHxeHepHo-TexHrqecKoi

Kynbrypbt,

npeacraBneHHoi

cooraeT-

crByloull,lMl,|

Ka+eapaMu.

npu

EceM

pa3traql,{tr

apx'reKTyprlo'

cTpourenbBblx

x

rexHrqecKux

ItH)KeHepHblx

KoHcrpyKqxi

3AeCh

MOXeJ

6I'lrB

opraH4qHo

c+opM'tpoBaHa,,'lHxeHepHaF

3oHa"

npenoaaBaHrn,

KyAa

opraHtr3auuoHHo Aoc-raroqHo

nerKo

MOrvT 6blTh

BXnrcqeHbl

KOHCTpyKTOphI-MaurhHocrpoMletl!1,

nou6opl,lcrbl

l, T. n.

Ho ryr ecr6

onpeAeneHHaF

oflacHocrh

-

onacHocrb,,y3ypnaqnr"

cneq66rLlecKu

al43aiHepcKoi

l'lHt(+

HepHo-KoHcTpyKTopcKoi

TeMa-rfi

Kh

06uletHclxTyrcKl'lMx

KoH'

crpyKTopcKxMl,4

KaseApaMr.

TaK

x npox3ouno

c

Kaseapoi

npoMbruineHHoro

rcKyccrsa

cBepaApxrl

B HeaaBHee

BpeMF:

l'43

npenoaasaTerscKoro

cocraBa

Kaseapbl

6bltu

xcKnrc'leHbl

uTaTHbre

Ko

Hcrpy

Kropsl,

tl

nxr!b c 6on6ulxM

rpyaoM

yaanocr'

lrx BepHylb

!r co3aarh

co6crBeHHylo

l,lHxeHepHy|o

rpynny

npenoaasaTenei,

Eure oaHo

tt3 o,reBr4aHblx

npeuMyuecrB

-

nctrxonor

qecKaF

o6craHoBKa

apxnreK1vpHoro,

npoeKTHoTo

aV3a,

raK

l4nu tHaqe

oKa3ErEarculaF

BnrFHre

Ha cTyaeHToB-au3aiHepoB,

so BcF-

KOM Cnyqae,

pacrllxpFloljlaf,

ux npoeKrHbli

Kpyro3op

(aaxe

npoxoaF

no Kopl,laopaM

uHcruTyTa

x BlraF

npoeKrbr,

Hanpx-

Meo

ropoaoB,

crvaeHT

Bonei-BeBonei

,,BnhrblBaer"

B ce6f

npoeKTHble

o6pa3bl,

nSlTaeTca

noSFTb 3aKOHOMepHocTl'

14 T n,

qero

BBHo

He xBaraeY

B crporaHoscKoM

yqHnxule, nBxny

!t

apyrrx

xyaoxecTseHHblx

By3ax, rae

cTyAeHrbl

-Al43ail

H epE

I

(,6-

tu6KrTcF c

o6pa3uaMv

MoHyMeHTanbHo-aeKopaTrBHO'

Xl',BOnX'

cl'

!r cKynbnTyphr,

np{KnaaHoro

llcKyccTEa

M T

n, To

ecTb

c

o6leKTaMx,

aaneKrMr'l

or

npo6neMarxK, an36iHa)

HaKo'

Heq,

s cTeHax

apxltieKTypEoro

By3a MO)KHO

OpraHv3oaarb

coTpyaHr4{ecTBo

cTyaeHToB

L

npenoAaBaTeJlei

B cryAeHqecK'lx

HayqHbtx

o6uecTsax,

coBMecTHble

npoeKTHble

ceMhHapSl

T

T n'

OaBaKo

no

pFAy

npuqxH

peanr3oBarb 3ru

npetrMyul€crBa

B

AoflxBoit

Mepe

He

yAanoch. lvloxHo

nonaraTb

qlo

oAHoi

t'13

maBHblx

nprqhH

f,stlnacSr

c

oaHot

cfopoHbl,

HeaocrarogHaF

eqe cra6rnbHocrb,,,yKoMnneKToBaHHocri"'

AT3aiH-AeFrenb_

HOCrl4 r4, KaK

cneacrB,le,

cxcreMsl alr3a;HepcKofo

o6pa3oBa-

Htn, 6 c

apyroi

clopoHbl.

lr3tlt'llllHFF

ycTot'{ aocrb'

r'i

aaxe

rpaarlltroHanu3M

s cl{creMe

apxuTeKrypHofo

o6pa3oBaHxF'

PO)|(Aal.oque,

xo sceMy

npoqeMy,

43secrHblfr

cHo6l{3M

npeacr'r'

sxTenei

3roi cucreMbr,

B HacroFL4ee

BpeMs

ocrpo aKlyanu3xpoBancF

Bonpoc

o

Ho-

Bo; KoMnneKcHoir

cneq

anbHocrrl

-

,,apxureKTop'Au3aiHep

"

AtlF

ypanbcKo;

ax3aiHepcKoi

tlKonbl

3ro-r sonpoc

xMeer

tr

aHvToeHHue

u

BHetllH|,e

ocHoBaHl4B.

OaHo

h3 BHyrpeHH[x

ocHoBaH

i

-

paccMorpeHHoe

Bbrue

cBoeo6pa3l,{e

ycnoBl,|i, s Korophlx

ypanbcKaF

uJKona

Al43aiHa

saxotrnrcF,

EcreclaeHBo,

qTo

B apxlrreKTypHOM

By3e

OCHOBHOi

KOHrl/rHreHY

npenoaaBarenei

uMesT apxnreKTypHoe

o6pa3oBa

H!!e, 3ro

Bo MHoroM

onpeaenf,er

14 xx

npeaclaBneHxf,

o

al43afrHe

TaKxeFcHo.

qro

qacrb

npenoAaBarenei'apxhreKropoB,

pa6o'

TaK'ulrx

Ha

Kadeape

ar3aiHa,

6yaer cTaparbcF

ecnl4

peuarb

3aaaq|n

at3aiHa,

ro

no npeylMyqecTBy

Ha crblKe

c apxnreKrypoi'

BHeToHFF

npHquHa

,Hrepeca

K

afi3a|iHy

c apxureKrypHhlM

vKnoHoM

-

peanbBaF

noTpe6HocTt'

B cneqxanxcTax,

MOryqxx

peurarb 3crerltqecKue

3a4aqx

B

npocTpaHclBeHHblX

O6teKrax'

1,13-3a cBoeo6oa3,lq

nvrei,

KoropslMx

apxureKrypa

pa3BuBa-

nacb

B nocneaHre

aecFTgltleruF

3tx

o6.beK-lbl

Bhlnan!i

fi3

q|nc'|a

rrnrqHo apxuTeKTypHblxl,

6blnl,t

noaxBaqeHbl al'l3aisepaMn,l

odooMrrenFMl,1,

CeroAHF

MeroAbl

apxhreKrypbl

yxe

Heaocra'

TOqHbt

anF

ux

npo€KTlrpoBaHuF

Ha Ka+eApe

npoMblLlneHHoro

llcKyccrBa

CBepaApxh

aHa_

nh3tlooBanach

Bo3MoxHocTb

roroBuTb

TaK|,1x

cnet(!lan

cToB

no

nporpaMMe

anF

AM3aiHepoa

-

npeanonaranocb

nrlulb

ycl.nrlrb

apxl,teKTypHylo

noaroroBKy

Ha oaHoi

143 cTyneHei,

Hanp]1Mep

Ha

lV Kvoce.

OaHaKo

onblr

pa6orbl noKa3an.

qro

cryaeHraM

anf, vcnexa

B

yqe6e

f,sHo

HeaocTaeT

6a3osoi

apxxreKtypHotl

norTorosKM,

KaK

ee

o6ecneqtrh?

AonycrlrM,

'lro

Mhl

ycl'4'lrM

nporpaMMy

Mnaault4x

kypcoB, To

ecTb caenaeM

ee cTonb

xe

rflv6oxoi

B orHouleH'rl,i

apxr|TeKTVphl,

KaK h

E orHoueHrr

xy'

AO)r(eCTBeHHOTO

KOHCTpytrpoBaHtls.

Ho

anF

sloro

norpe6yerca

HenoMepHo

vBenml4rb

ee o6!eM.

yqe6Hbli

nnaF 3roro

He

no'

3SOnSeT.

r'lo-BXAlrMOMy,

Anf,

noarorosKx

TaKrx

cnequanl/|croB

HvxeH orAeflbHhti

yqe6Hbli nnaH, oTnrqHbli

or

roro'

no Koro'

poMy

roToBsTcB

cero4HF

xyaoxHrKl'1_KOHCrpyKTOpbl'

qto6br

Be

aonycrlrrb

npoMaxa,

noiaF 3ll,!M

nyreM,

HyxHo

3HaT5, KaKOBa

nOTpe6HOCTs

B

AM3aiHepaX

C apxXTeKTypHbtM

yKnoHoM.

[lepequcnnM

o6rekT6r, B

npoeKTrlpoBaHux

KoTopbtx

oHr,r HyxHbr:

lrHrepbep

{06qecJseHHhti,

npoMbtuJneHHbrt)

;

ropoacKaa

30Ha,

ynlrqHoe

o60pyaoBaH!re,

aeTcKan

nnoqaaKa,

cnopTnnoqaAKa;

cpeacrBa

Harrf,aHoi

afura\u'r, cucfel.,'e Bq-

3yanbHoi

KoMMyHl,tKaqru

B ropoae,

Ha

3aBoAe;

npa3aHnqHoe

o$opMneHre

aoMa.

ynxqbt,

nnoqaar, KonoHHbt

AeMoHcrpaH-

roB;

o6opyAoBaHue

My3eiHoi,

xyAoxecTBeHrioi, npoMEtUlneH-

Hoi

EbtcTasKu

l, T. n.

llpenoAaBareff

MocKoBcKoro

x CBepanoBcKoro

aoxrreK-

rypHbrx l,rHcrr,lTyToB

aaBHo

npeanara'|r

roToBuTb,,apxnreKryp.

Hhrx

Ar3aiHepoB",

u

peujeHre

06 3roM npxHFro

MxHBv3oM

CCCP.

tlMeHHo

B Ceep4ApxLl

ecrb

peanbHbre ycnoBrF

Ana

ro-

ro,

qro66r

Haqarb

roToBt4Tb lrx

ceiqac

xe,

Bo-nepBrtx,

3Aech

ecTS onbtT

TaopqecKoro

cotpyaHlrqecTBa

apxrT€KTopoB

t,t

al,t-

3aiHepoB

B

yqe6HoM

npoqecce.

Bo-BTopbtx. rlqarenhHEti

aHa-

n13

sTOi npo6neMbr

no3BorFeT

caenaTb Bbtsoa,

qTo

no o6qei

crpyKType npo6eccroHanbHan

noaroToBKa,,apxrTeKrypHbtx

Ax3aiHepoB,

AonxHa

6btrb nprMepBo raKoi

xe, KaK x

y

A!t-

3aiBepos. B6tnycKaeMbrx

ceroaHF Hauei

KaoeApoi

npo-

MbrurneHHoro ,cKyccrBa,

rAe rnaBHhti

aKqeHT

{eule

c cepea6-

H6r 70-x

roAoB)

AeraercF

Ha npoeKTltpo€aHrn

cpeabr ,l

,,pe-

xnccype

aef,

ren6HocT,l".

fnaBHyto

ponb

B opraHr3au[,

HoBoi

cneqranbHocTu

Aon-

xeH

cbrrparb

MeroAri'recKri

onbtr, HaKonneHHbti

coBpeMeH-

HhrM

Ax3aiHoM,

flo3ToMy

Haqarb

opraHx3aqx|o Hoeoi

cneulanb-

Hocru

qenecoo6pa3Ho

npu KaOeApe,,npoMbtuJreHHoe

rcKyccr-

Bo", npuBnekaF

AononHuyenbHo

npenoaasarenei

c apxl,rTeK-

TypHbrx

Ka$eap. nocne

HaKonneHrlf,

aocrarogHoro

onbrra Mox-

Ho co3Aarb

u HoEylo BbtnycKapqyrc

Kaoeapy,

HanpxMep

ap-

xrrreKTypr'roro

Ar3aiHa,

Kaxoesr

nepcnexruecr paEBxrlrs

3Toi cneqraflbHocrx? Ca-

MhrMl.r

6nra3KuMx ronnerirvru

no

pa6ore

AnF

Hux

6yAVt He

Aq-

3aliHepbr,

a apxureKTopEt

-

B nonb3y

3roro roBopFT caMu

3aAa

ql,|

(o6pa3Ho.npocrpaHcyBeHHbte),

Korophre

uM npuaercF

coa-

MecrBo

peuarb,

OT apxhreKropoB

ux 6yAyr ornxqarb

MeroAr,l

Alt3atHa,

KoropbrMl,t

oHlt

AonxHht

npaKTuqecKr,

BflaAeTh. B

pe-

3ynbrare

raKoro

co1pyaHrlqecrBa

Heri36exHa,,nepeKa,{Ka"

MeroAonorrqecKux

3r{at t it

3

Atfiair]a

s

apxrreKTypy, TaK,{ro

MeTOAsf

apxuTeKTypht

MofyT

3HaqurenhHo

o6ofaruT9cF

q

aoxu-

TeKrypa

oy'{acru

HaqHer

pa6orarh

MeroAaM[

Ar4s6;Ha,

Ha ce-

roAHa

6onee

o6uluMx. {eM

apx,TeKrypHble,

C

Apyroi

cjopo-

Hbr, Hoaan

cnequanbHocrb

KaK 6ht,,orcna{BaercF"

or

npexHe;,

konxpyF

ee crpyKTypy. KaK

ero

6yaer npoltcxoAl,irh,

rrokaxer

np6KT,lKa

nOATOTOBKIT

nO

HOBOi

AX3aiHepcKOi

Cneqranb-

Hocrh

.,apx!rreKTop-arr3aiHep",

Ha,rano

Koropoinono){(eHo

s MocKoBcKoM

apxxreKrypHoM

lrHcTr,tryre.

METOA

NOTFPHbIX

NPOE KAK 3flEMEHT

OEY'{EH]4

f

NPOE KTI4POBAHhX]

Kotrqenqna

Meroaa noJtEpHbtx

npo6

B

peureHfi

npoeKrHbtx

3aaa,{

ar3ai8epy

Her3MeHHo nprxoar4T-

ca o6paqarhca

K TaK Ha3brBaeMoMy

MeToay npo6 la

oujr6oK,

KaK s

rccneaoBarenhcKoM,

TaK u e npoayxrreuona

(xpearre-

noru)

uraxnax npoeKylrpoBaHrR. Tl,|nu,{Hhti

nphMep noncKa

pe-

ureHrF MeroaoM

npo6 x

oruu6oK

-

cTaaua

gcKl43lrpoBaHuF.

Cyrh 3Toro

Meroaa onrchrsaerca

cneAyloulr,iM

o6pa3oM:

,,CronKHyBI!uc6

c onpeAeneHHoi

npo6ndMoi,

yqeHbti

3Kcne-

phMeHranbHo

npeAnonaraeT

onpeAeneHHbti

BUA

peureHhF

-

reoprrc.

3Ty reopfirc

HayKa npuHuMaer npeABaphrenhHo,

ecnrl

aoo6ule

nphHhMae-r;

u

Hax6onee xapaKrepHo

ars

HayqHofo

MeroAa

yo, qTo

yqeHbte,

He xarreF

crn,6yAyT KpxTxKoBaTb u

onpoBeprarb

aaHHvro

reoprK,. Teopuf,

Kp[TnKyercF

co MHo-

rr4x

cropoH

c reM,

,tto66t

EblFBr,trb

re

Mecra, KoropEte Moryr

6htr!

yF3BrMbr.,.

Ecnn

pBynhrar

npoBepKlt

noKa3brBaer,

'tro

TeoprF

ouju6oq8a. To oHa

,tcKnpqaerca:

MeroA npo6 x

oulr-

6oK ecrb, no

cyqecrBy, MeroA

trcKn|oqeHua"*. Sonee

o6uee

onpeAeneHhe

veroAa:

..Meroa

npo6

x ouh6oK

-

3Bpl,lcrhqec-

Klit norcK

peuleHrF

KaKoi-n

60 3aAaqu B noocroaHcrBe Eo3-

MoxHhrx

peuleHrt;

a6t6op npaBxnbHoro

peLlleHra

ocyulecrBla-

eTcF

Hayraa. Ha'r4Haa

co cna6oi npo6Et.

floKa, HaKoHeu,

oaHa

!r3 npo6

He npxBeAer

K nonoxrren6HoMy pe3ynbrary"..,

yxe

u3

aTnx onpeAeneHlri

MoxRo

cAenaTh 3aKnoqeHre 06

oAHoM

cyqecrBeHHoM

Ka'{ecrBe

3Toro

MEroAa

-

o Heh36exHoi

anrlensHocTl,t

ocHosaHHbtx

Ha HeM npoqeccoa

nohcKa

peuJe,

Httfr,

Ho HeAocraTKx

MeToAa

3Tl,lM He orpaHr'

4BabTcF. OH He

rapaHTxpyer

6e3C)rux60'tHocrn peueHyf,.

KaK

orMeqaer oAtlH

,3

l,rccreaosarenei,

,,MeroA

npo6

!t 0ltlla60r<

Tpe6yer or cy6r-

eKTa no3HaHuF

oAHoTo: BbtABl,lraTB

KaK

MoxHo 6onht|le

pa3-

nuqHbrx

cyxAeH,ti la rulaTeflbHee

hx

KprTl,4Kosarb

(npoBe-

psTSl

-

6EtTb Mo)KeT, KaKoe-To

r43

Hl{x oKaxeTcF McTl4HH6lM.

Fro,

cnpaurlBaeTcF, noqeMy

Haao BhtaBritaTb

MHoxecTBo

vT.

BepxAeHqi

06 oAHoM

h roM xe? He

nyqLle nu.

onupaFcb Ba

3HaHre

onpeaeneHHhtx

caoicTE

r,1 caF3ei o6!eKTa,

c+opMynu-

poBarb

MeHbuje

cy)t{aeHui,

Ho c

6onbuei

ysepeHHocrbK,,

qro

oH14

oTpaxabT

aetcTBl,tTenbHoe

nonoxeHue

Beqei. lvleToa

npo6

,{

oUl1460k He

cnoco6eH

opueHTrpoBarb

cy6reKTa B

ero

no3Ha-

BarenbHbrx

nocneAcrBxFX.

OH

pacc,{xraH

Ha cnyqafiHhti

Vcnex,

Ha yAaqy""**.

Apyroi.

HeAocraroK

groro

Meroaa saKnrcqaercF

B loM,

qro

oH

He o6ecneqrBaer

AoKa3arenbHocTl,4,

v6earrrenr,-

Hocru

peueH

i, nocKonbKy

Ha

ero ocHoBe npoltcxoAxr,

no

cylqecrBy,

cnenoli noncK pe|xeHfii,

He no3Bonsrcrqri

crporo

cQopMynxpoBaTS

,1x ocHoBaHUa

KaK Ha

OTAen6HbtX

3Tanax,

TaK

'l

B

3aBepuJaoqei cTaaun.

Haao

orMerrTb,

qTo

yKa3aHHhte

HeAocrarKlr

MeroAa npo6

fi ouJu6oK

oco6eHHo

ocrpo

(ocrpee,

qeM

B npaKTlrKe

Au3a;Hal

oqyqarcTcf,

B

y,re6HoM

npoqecce.

3aulrra

cryaenrauu

KypcoBhtx

4

arannoMHt

rx npoeKToB

qacro

o6HapyxuBaeT

HeKoppeKTHocTb

nocTaHoBKI,

1,4

peueHxn

npo-

eKTHbrx

3aAaq. O6ulecrBeHHbre

npocMorpbr

apxureKTypHbrx 14

ax3aiHepcr<rx

npoeKroB

B

npodeccuoHanbHoi

npaKTuKe

TaKXe

noKa36tBaoT

l,|X

yA3BXMOCT6

AnF

Kpl,tTl,4Kl,|,

AAXe

ecnl,l

npoeKTupoBtuhKu

-

onbtrHbre

cneu,|ar!1crt

t. flon

groM

Kolrrx-

Ka

abtFBnFeT

Hapyulen[R

Ha

cTaAux,,cMEtcnoo6pa3oBaHuF,,.

ro

ecrb raM, rae

OopMr.pyercf,

coAepxaHue

o6}eKra,

ero KoH-

qenqxf,.

Bce

3To, Ha

Haru B3rnsA,

-

pe3ynbrar

orcyrcrBrF cxc-

TeMHocru

OopMlapoBaHrF

o6leKTa

npoeKThpoBaH]ls

B

coBp+

MeHBOM

CM6tCne CnOBa,

TO ecTb s

cooTBeTcTsl4l,

c arraneKTqqec-

KrMy

MetoaaMl,

no3HaHua,

p4ynbTaT

ucno'lh3oBaHxa

MeToa€

npo6

la oUJfi6oK,

craBFLuero peueHre

3aaaqu B

60rburyrc 3aBx-

Cl,lMOCTb

OT On6rTa nOOeKThDOBaHTF.

I/raK,

coBepureHHo

Beo6xoahMa

pa3pa6orKa

liH6rx

Meio-

Aos

nohcKa

npoeKTHbtx

peuleHui,

6onee

oOOeKTBsHhtx,

qeM

MeroA npo6

M o[!x6oK. raK

x MeroaoB, Korophte Morn|,

6hl

o6ecnequT6

rapaHrupoBaHHbri

pe3ynhrar

He Tofl bKo onhrTfl oMy

npoeKTrpoBull,rKy,

Ho

14

HaquHaK)uleMy, a TaKxe cTyaeHty,

o6y-

'{arcqeMycF

Ar3aiHepcKoMy

npoeKrrpoBaHrlo.

OaHhM

,|3

raKxx

MeroAoB

r,r HannercB

pa3pa6oraHHEri

HaMl,l,

anpo6npoEaHHbril

a

Hauei

neAarol{gecKoi npaKThKe

MeroA nonFpHbtx npo6.

MeroA

ocHoBaH Ha

o6leKTusHbrx

3aKoHax MareDran

crr-

qecKoli

axareKTrK!'

-

e4rHcrBa npoTxBononoxHociei,

nepe-

xoAa

Ko'|rrqecrBeHH6tx

lr3MeHeHHi

B KaqecrBeHHbte,

oror4qaHt4n

'Popper

K. Conjectures

and Prefutations:

What is

Dialectic?

L., 1972.

P.313.

'*KoHdaKos

H,U,

nora\ecKy.t

cnoBapb:

Cnp€BoqHriK.

M.:

HayKa.

1976.

C.47 .

'**AenfyruH

A.n.

A^ane(rt

\ecK^i

MeToA no3HaHuF.

lvl.:

non"rx3Aar,

1983. C. 73.

a7

+

88

CyTh verbaa nonnptulx

npo6 KoporKo

MoxHo

oxapaxlgpu-

30BAT5

CneAyKrU,lrrM

O6pa3OM.

KaXAblt npeaMer

npeacTaBnter

co6ofi cxcreMy caoicrB

14 KaqecrB,

3aKokoMepH-o

cBH3aHHbrx

MoKAy co6oi.

llpn 3ToM KaxAoe

u3 cBoicrB

x Kaqecrs

npeA-

Mera

snorHe KoHKpeTHo

x

onpeaeneHHo:

Hanuqre

aaHHoto

Ka

qecraa

rcKn|.o'raer

KaKoe-nu6o

gpyroe

(us

Kpyta cxoaHElx

Ka,{ecrs} . HanprMep. ecnu

Kopnyc craHKa

BbtnonHeB

l,3

Meran_

na, To oH He Moxer

6btrb

aepeBFHHblM;

ecnl,l

KHonKa

,,cron"

Ha

HeM

aonxBa

6blrb

KpacHot, To oHa

Hr B KoeM crlyqae

He

Moxer

6brrb

3eneHoi. 14 TaK

aar€e.

Merarn

u

AepeBo.

KpacHbrr ri 3e'|e-

Hbrt B

aaHHoM

cnyqae

n BErla|orcf,

nonFpHllMl,l

napaMt.l

-

napa

Ml,| B3aI4MOUCKnK)galoUluX

KA{eCTa,

a npoqeaypa

rx nporrBo_

nocTaBneH F

r{ ecrh

nonfpHaF npo6a.

Paspoule H€o6xoaLMoo

KonhqecrBo raKrx

nsp, MoxHo

npriTx K

BnonHe onpeA€non'

HOMy

petlleHulo

Kaxaoro

KoHKperHoro

o6leKt6.

KaK

6ya€T

noKa3aHo

Hl,'xe, conocraBrleHrle

norFpHbtx nap

nprBoarr

He

ronsxo

(

o6ocHoBaHHoMy

l4cKn|oqexl,tlo

oaHoro

lr3

aByx

Ka_

{ecTB, HO l.t K noFBneHurc

TpeTE€ro,

HoBolo,

nopob

Heoxr_

aaFHoro

KaqecTBa.

Ans

roro

{To6br

noHBTb,

noseMy

3To

nporlcxoaxr,

npo€Ha'

nu3upyeM

Hau

Meroa c

Srnoco+cKux

no3uLlnt,

nocKonbKy

oH

BBnFercF

cBoeo6pa3Boi

KoHKporx3aquei auaneKt

qecK

x 3a'

KoHoB B noeaMere

ar3aiHepcKoro

npoeKT,poBaHt'lH'

lDraoco$cxne ooroBaHt,|a

Meroaa

B.I.

neHrH nucan:

,,qTo6bl

aeictaurenbHo

SHarb

npeAMsr,

Ha'

ao

oxBaTnrb,

l,l3yqnrh

Bce 9ro

cTopoHhl,

Bce cBa3r

l/|

(Onocpe'

aoBaHxfi)

.

Mbr HrKoraa

He

aocrraHeM

3Toro

nonHocrslo,

Ho

Tpe6oBaHxe

BcecropoHHocrl,

npeAocrepexer

Hac

or ot!t'46oK

t'l

or

oMepraeH F.

3To

Bo'l-x.

Bo-2_x,

atlafleKruqecK€f

{orttKa

Tpe6yer,

qro6bt

6parb

npeaMer B ero

pa3B,Tn!i,

(caMoAB'xe_

Hru)i

{KaK

roBopl,lr

llHorAa

Ferenu),

raveserravr"

B'3-x,

BcH

qenoBeqecKaB

npaKTrKa

aonxHa

Boirt'l

B

nonHoe

(onpeaene'

Hre) npeaMera

h KaK

Kpxrepxi

l,lcrl'lHbl

,t KaK

npaKTu'{ecKlti

onpeaentrrenh

c8f,3,

npeaMera

c

reM,

qro

Hy)l(Ho

qenoBeKy"*'

Ho B nooqecce

no3HaHra

npeaMera

genoseK,

KaK

npaBhno,

oxaarblBaeT

He Becb

npeaMet

nottHocTblo,

€ nuulS

Te ero

cTopo-

HEr, KOTOpbre

ero

lrHYepecyloT,

KOTOphle

HyxHbr

eMy

Anf,

ero

aeFrerbBocr4:,,C

rHoceonorr{ecxot

To'lK}r 3peHuF

QyHAaMeH'

TanhHhrM

f,BnaelcF

Tor

OaKT,

{lo

qenoBeK

Moxer

'{ro'To

Mblc-

neHHo cxBarstsarE

l/| aaeKBarBo

no3HaEarS,

rrHopl'lpyf,

Bce

ocranhHoe

KaK He uMepulee

orHouleHue

K

Aeny"**

l4MeHHo

TaKlrM

nvTeM cTooFJcn

taean6Hbte

Moaerlu

npeaMeTa

-

pa3H6le

E 36Bl.tcnMOCTI'

OT

TO9Kh 3peHUf,

Ha

Hero.

noolr3Boatrrb

Heo6xoar.lMbre

npoqeaypbr

B

sToM HanpaBrle-

Hl44 MoxHo

nuub

rofaa, Kolaa

lrccneayeMbli

Marepuan

np+

BpaqeH

B

cneqranbHy|o

norrqecKy|o

crpykrypy.

Ho

AnF

3Toro

Hy)(HO

CHaqana

BElAenrTb

ocnoBHbte

cTpyKrypoo6pa3yplll'e

KaqecrBa.

TaK

u nporlcxoaxr

npl,

peLleBr'l

nrc6ot

npoeKTHoi

3a4aqu:

rnaBHblM

aBnFercf,

Haxoxaetre

Han6onee

cyqeclBeH'

Hbrx cBo;crB

o6leKTa

a rx

aSauMocBB3lr'

l'1Baqe

roBopF,

no-

6(,;

o6reKT

npeAcraBnner

co6oi

HeKyP

qenocrHocrh,

Koro-

pyrc

npllxoaltTcF

KaK'TO

pae{neHFTh, Bblaenf,F

s HeM

pa'nu'l'

Hbte KoMnoHeHTbt,

cropoHbt.

acneKTS|.

I

gToM

cylh

npoeKTHo'

ro

nolrcKa. Koropbti,

c

aroi To'lKl4

3peBuf,,

Mo)Ker

paccMarp'-

aarbcF

KaK npoqecc

no3HaHuf,

o6!eKTa.

Ho, oqeBl,aHo,

{To

ln

caM

o6reKT 3aecb

npeacraer B BrAe

npqqecca:

,,.

BcaKoe

cocroFitte

ecih

npoqecc,

Her

HefloAsuxHslx

cocroFH'i

Beq€i

u r.

n.

-

ecrb

nnui6

npoqecc"*t*.

'neHuH

8.t4.

nonHco6p.

coq'T.

42. C.

290.

"nasapee

O.B-,

Tpu$oHoea

/tt K' CrpyKrypa

no3HaHuB

s HayqHaF

peBon6qers, M., 1980. C.74-75.

***CaudepcKui

B.!/r.

A

aneKlu{eck

fi Matap}tanr3M

oo

. o6uetx csoicrBax aBhxeHBF.

n.,1967.

C.

19.

H6 Kaxaoi craAtn

npoqecca

npoeKTupoBsHu6

nlo6oi

o6leKT Moxer

6hrrb

npoAcraBneH cBoei

cucreMoi

cBotcra.

A

TaK

KaK

3aKoH

earHcrBa

nporxBonotoxHocrefi aeicrEyel

s no6oi To,rKe

pa3BhTtaa*

,

to woxHo

ytaep)KAalb,

{To

no6oe

cBoicrBo

npeaMera

BHyrpeHHe

nporltBope'rrBo.

3Ta

npcirBo_

pequBocTb

MoxeT npoFgnFTbcF

B nonf,pHblx cocloFHuax

06!'

eKTa,

TaK, HanpuMep,

noHFTne

,,cepEli

uBer"

HaxoallrcH

B

arana3oHe

Mexay

noHFTxFMl,l

,,,repHbri"

l,t,,6enbli",

Ho HyxHo

HaiT, KoHKperHbti

,,cap6rfi",

caM

oH He

nosBxrcF

B sToM

cMhrcno

uHTeDecHa

Mbtcnb fere:

,,foBopFr,

qro

tlcruHa nex,l

MoKAy

nporr4BononoxHbrMtt

MHeHrIFMl,4.

HeBepHo!

Mexay n,,_

Mu nexur npo6roMa

-

to.

'lro

He

oqeBraHo,

BeBHo

aef,TenbHaF

xlr3H!,

nocfl4raeMaa cBo6oaHofi

Mblcnhrc""

He

cneAyer

ayMarb,

oaHaKo,

qro

nonf,petaaqxet

cBoiclE

npeaMoTa MoxHo

xcqepnarb coaepxaHne

MeToaa

non6pH6lx

npo6.

3Aecb

peanr3yercn

ronbKo

npllHqlln eauHcrBa

nporr'{Eo_

noroxHocrefi

,

rnr, nepBoe

orpuqaHxe.,,Mano

3a6rKcupoBarb

npoTrraononoxHoclt!,

npoTl,lEonocTaBhTb

FBneHtllo

unu caoicT'

By

ero

olp{qaHue;

neo6xoauMo

s;lf,Btlrb He 36oKHO

CyUleCr-

Byroulylo BHyTpeBH€o

cBF3b,

S3a'4MOnepeXOA

npoThBononox-

Hocrei, nepeiT,

K orpl4qaHnrc

orprqaHtiF

-

TonbKo

roraa MEI

Mox(eM

noHf,T! cyulHocrs

riccneayeMoro

npoqecca"***

.Anf,

roro,

,{To6br

coBepurrnocb

BTopoe

orpxqaHue,

T. e.

orpl,4uaHue

orprqaHra, Heo6xoal,tMo,

qroEbl

B KoHqe

npoqecca

pa3B9trxF

npou3ollno

yTBepxaeHue

no3uT4eHoro,

cyqecTByloqero

s

cTapoM,,4 ero

xHrerpsllxF c 3apoxaarcLqtrMcf

HoBhrM.,,Axa

neKruqecKoe oTprqaH

e xapaKT€p!'l3yercF

TeM,

qro

oHo

o6yc_

naBnrBaeTcF

pa3BxTueM

BHyTpeHHrx

npoTlrBopeq9lasrx

TeHAeH-

ql,ri,

To ecrb

sBnser co6oi

TaKoe

orpnqaH4e,

Koropoe

Hg

npocTo

yHrqToxaeT orpxqaeMoe.

Ho

yaepxhBaeT

u3

Hero Bce

noro)Kr4TenbBoe, cooTBeTcTByEqee

HoBoMy

ypoBHKt

pa3Bu_

ThH, To ecrb oHo

npeacraBnFel

co6oi eatHcrBo

yHl^lroxeHua

t,

coxpaHeHgn,

SopMy

cBF3tr

Bblcrrlero

c Hl'l3lllnM

B npoqecce

oageurrn"'r|*.

Henpl,|Mep,

,,'l€pHoe"

,4

,,6gno

e" ocrb

orpt'i

qaHue

,,ceporo",

a odpeaeneHre

Hoaoro

Llaera, cKaxeMr,,cEerio4e

pbti",

ecrb

orpnqaHlre otpl4qaxua.

l4HhtM, cnoBaMx.

McKoMoe cBoicr€o

gceraa

nexrlr

B

an'

ana3oHe

€ro KpaiHxx

cocToFH!'li,

Ho oLleBraHo'

qro

noucK ero

npoucxoAr,tr

Hs nuHeiHo,

a cnoxHo

u a3arMoSaBrchMo

l,lcr,Ha

He

ro,

ttro

Mexav

nonrccaMr,6

Heqro

rperbe,

taK KaK

oHa ono'

cpgaoBaHa

scgi cucroMoi o6teKTa

npoeKrelpoBaHuF

t,|

so Bcex

ee

EHeuHxx cBF3Hx.

14 oro tperhe

FBnFetcF

xoBslM,

o6oraulao-

LqrrM

@a€pxaHhs

o6reKTa.

B.h. JleHrH

n can

B cBf,3u

c arltM:

,,no3HaHr6

aBfixercF

or coaepxaHlrr

k

coaepxaHulo.

npexAe

Bcero 3TO nocrvnarenbHog aBllxeHl/|9

xapaKTeprSyercB

TeM'qro

oHo

Ha{rHagrcF

c npocrslx onpeAeneHHocretl,

qro

cneAyrc|]lee

3a HrM|, craHoBr,ircF

Bce 6oftqe

, KoHKperHee.

1460

pg3ynbtar

coa€pxrrr

B ce6e cBoe Ha,{ano,

,t

aBut(eHue

nocneaHero

o6ora'

Tuno ero HeKotopoi

HoBoi onpaaeneHHocrbpr'****'

*"...3aKoH

eAHHcr€al,1

60pb6bt

nporvlBonoroxHo'

crei

(npouaope,rra)

aefctByer

tn npon8naer

ce6f,

B

n|o6or

ToqKe

pa3Bgrrvrr;

B

nporlrsHoM

cnyqae,

ecn, 651

oH

xorb Ha

Mrr npeKparern

cBoe

aeficrBue

B KaqecrBe

aauxyqei

cl,ln6l

Bcero npoqecca,

pa3Brtxe

6blno

6bl

npepBano'

ocraHoB,leHo'

Becb npoqecc npe(paruncf,

6bf'. lKedpos

6.M. orpa\awre

orpvqaHus

KaK oaltH

l.l3 ocHoBtlblx

3aKoHOB

MaTepl,lanqcTg-

qecKofi

araneKTrK4//AuaneKfliKa

orpuqaHuB

orpxqaHl,lF'

M

'

1983)

*tllrr.

no:

CdacbEH

K,A

Ounoco$cKoe

MxpoBo3'

3p6Hue

fers. EP€BaH,

1983.

C.

33.

'**KoDtoKuH

B.tt.

Orpu\a{t

e

orptlqaHxf,

l'l

roxaecrBo

nDorraEononoxHocrei

I I

At

aneKlrKa

orprqaHl.f,

orp9luaHsa'

M._ 1983.

*"+UentynuH

,4.t

AraneKTuqecKtli

Meroa

no3HaBt

H

c.73.

,,++a

neHuH

B,U.

nonH.

co6p. co'{.

T.29.

C,212.

,lTaK,

MeroA nonspHbrx npo6

lcnonb3yer

noreHqran

Ah-

aneKluqecKolo nooTraBopeqrF KaK xcToqH'1K

asr.txeHrF

14

pa3BlrTxF,

STor MeToA

poxAaeT

raKl.re

crTyaqhr,

E

Koropbrx

B

p$ynbTate

cTaHoBneHIF anbtepHaTIB Bo3HuKaeT BoBaF l,lH-

6opMaqua

{HoBoe

Kaqecrso, cBoicrBo) .

3Aecb

AeicrByer

raK

Ha3EraaeMEri

3aKoH,,caMoBo3pacraHrF" 14Fr6opMeqrn.

B.B. OpnoBbrM

coopMynxposa8

napaAoKc

pa3srrrF:

a)

Ho.

eoe

He MoxeT 3aKnoqarbcF B

cTapoM.

rHaqe oHo He

6brno 6bl

HoBbrM;

6)

HoBoe He MoxeT

He Bo3Hr,!KHyrb

lr3

cTaporo,

rHaqe

ero noFBneHue

6hrno 6Er

qVAoM*.

PeuaeTcF

3ror napaAoKc

TOTbKO

AUAneKTUqeCKX,

KOrAa nplr B3ATMHOi KpUTl?rKe

anbtep-

HaiuB nony'raeMaF

B uTore hHoopMaqr4A oKa3brBaeTcF 60nhue,

qeM

Bo B3ATErx nOpO3Hb.3rO npXpaqeHre hHOopMaqrr no3Bo-

naeT

9tcnonb3oBaTh

arafleKTIKy ana

npofHoSnpoBaHlrF B n!060i

o6nacr|a

qenoBe.iecKofr

aeFTenbHocru,

B

ToM

qucne

B

Au3a;He.

B npoeKTxpoEaHr

onbtr cneqranucra

no3Bonf,er

406lrBarh-

cF

yaoaneTaophTenbHhrx pe3ynbraroB,

Ho nyTb K Hr4M npoKna-

ahrsaeTcF,

l<aK

cKa3aHo Bhrrle,

qepe3

MHoxecTBo oruu6oK,

B

Meroae nonapHr,rx npo6

cnHre3rpyelcF KonneKT,rBHEri onErr

Au3aiHepoB,

BcKpbrBarcqufi

ar4anel<rHqecKx;

xoa cxcreMHoro

nccneaoBaHun

h

dopMr,lpoBaHuF

o6reKTa. Meroa npeacTaBnf,eT

sTOT XOA B Bl,Ae

Tr{nO86rX MaTp'1r.1,

l4Cnonb3yeMbrX

AnA

6OpMrr-

posaHt4F

KoHuenqhI c

aoctaTo'{HbtM

KontrqecTBoM nonFpHhrx

nap. noryqeHHaF

KoHqenquF

BcerAa coAepxqT

TaK6e

HoEbre

KaqecrBa

o6teKla, KoTopbre 6brnr,r cKpbrTbr or npoeKrMpoaqr-

Ka. HanpuMep,

Ans

napbr

,,AeureBbr;-Aoporoi"

Moxer 6brrb

o6HapvxeHo HoBoe

Ka'recyBo

.,6ecnnaTHEri",

Ar'F

napbr,,o4l,4-

HOqHBri-MHo)KecrseHHbri"

-

HoBoe KaqecTBo,.cl,4creMHbt;",

Bocnpot3BeAeM

o6tuhi MexaH 3M

poxaeHHF

Boaoro Kaqe-

c-rEa B npouecce

c:tuxuiHoro t,lnl, HaMepeHHoro cIanKuBaHIF

apyr

c

apyroM

paHee

cyuecTBoBaBlllxx

pa3nx'raK)Ulr,lxcF

Knaccl,,]ecKl,|e npuMepht

aHanM3a B3auMocBf, 3aHHbtx

nonap-

Hbrx

KaqecrB

aaeT

rereneBcKaf,

,,HayKa

norl,lKx"

Cneqxanuc-

T6r cqrrarcT

3To cog!rHeHre npexae Bcero reopxei

peoneKch14:

,,Tpx

3rana

(HayKx

noruKrl))

-

finnrccrpalluF Tpex MoMeHroB.

KOrOphre orHocarcF

K cxeMe

pe+ner<cn!r"*r*.

.Quanexrrarec<oe

yqeHue

o

peQneKcxn

KaK

B3auMooTpaxeH4u

pa3nuqHhrx

Ka-

qecTa,

6yayqu MaJepr6nucruqecK6 rrcTonKoBaHo. onucfrsaer

BHyrpeHHee

caMo4BuxeHhe

fi|o6oro

o6rekra,

B3a MoorpaxeHue

(pe4neKcuF)

rpakryercF fereneM t<aK

npoqecc

nocneaoBerensHoi

cMeHbr Tpex craaMi,

nepsaF

cra-

Axrr

-

B3auMHoe npuraxeH

e

{nponr,r<noeenrae

apyr

e

apyra}

npocrpaHcraeHHo

cocyqecrByoullrx KaqecrB A |, 5. KaxAoe

143

Hrrx crpeMurca

pacuHplrrb

c+epy cBoero

cyqecrBoaaHrF

3a cqer orpaHu'{eHrrn

cyBepeHHocrx

apyroro.

no3ToMy npoHuK-

HoBeHr|o

A x 5

Apyr

3

Apvra

oAHoBpeMeHHo nporxBocTorrr

npoTuBononoxHaa

TeHAeHuxF xx B3ahMHoro

oTTanKuBaHxF.

BropaR

craAxf,

-

cKpb aF

pa6ora

qacru

npoHl,{Kulero

coAepr(a

HrF 5 s A

no noaqxHeHrlo

ce6e KaqecTBa

A l,|

B

ro

xe BoeMF

aKruBHoe npeo6pa3osaHxe

x nphcnoco6neHre

anF

cBol,ix Hy)r{a

aaHHofi

qacTln

co

cropoH6r

A, feren6

hMeHyeT

yK€3aHHyoracrE

coaepxaHxf, 6, npoHr,4Kmylo

s A. repM4HoM

,,nonoxeHHoe",

a

caMo

A

-,,ocHoBaHheM"

,,TonhKo

caMo npltTaxeHl,le ecT6

nonaraHxe

HeKoero

(oaHolo),

oTnhqHofo oT

apyrux ,

-

nh-

uer oH****. Ha

f,3brKe IeHuHcKoi

Te6pxu

oTpaxeHxF

,,nono-

xeHHoe"

o3HaqaeT Heq-ro BpoAe

Konru o6!exTa 6,

cyqecrByro-

qei

Bo

BHyTpeHHefi cTpyKrype A,

O603HaqrM ory Konrirc crM-

Cocpeaoro,rxM reneph BHlrMaHue

Ha HaqrHabu.tr,rxcF BHyr-

peHHrx

rr3MeHeH,rFx B oc8oaaHhh A noA Bo3aeicrEBeM

45.

C oaxoi cropoesr. A6 TaK rnh lrHaqe MMeer roranbHyK,

TeHAeH-

qrK)

ebtTecHrrTl, KaqecTBa A

3a eTo npexHue rpaHxqsr.3axBa-

rerTb

npocTpaHclBo A h npeBpaTxTr,

3ro

npocTpaHcT€o

B Ka're-

crBo

45.

Terenb

onxcbrBaeT 3rol npoqecc KaK

ayaneKrl,Ky

Ko-

HeqHoro

(npeaenbHoro)

u 6ecKoHeqHoro

{eurxoAa

sa cnoxfie-

uJhecF

rpaHnqhr

xaqecreal

*,

C

apyroi

cropoHbr, ocHoBaHre A

(oypaxa|oqee)

npenFrcrByer noAo6Hofi

3KcnaHc,4l, x a 6opb6e

3a coxpaHeHre

cBoero

npexHero

Kaqecraa aaanrupyer k ce6e

A5. B

peoynsrare

npurnxeHrra 14

orranKuoakrn Hacrynaer

rperbs

craAun: A ra AE esar^rosaireHnFr

apyr

apyra,

BbrcBe-

'{uaaK)rcs

apyr

B

apyre.

flph'reM

yKa3aHHaF

Bbrue nepBafi

cTaa f, BHoBb noBTopFeTcF,

Ho

Tenepb

yxe

He B oTHouleH!!,l

aByx

BHeuiHxx no oTHoLleHUrc

apyr

K

apyry

npocTpaHcla

(Ka,recrB)

A

u

5.

a

BHVrpx

ocHoBaHr4F

A,

OcHoBaHxe fi noro-

xeHHSt;

B

Hero oTneqaToK nocToFHHo

MenarcTcfi cBoxMl,r

QyHKqla8Mu,

5 orpaxaer A,

aeicrByF

Ha reppuroplnrr, oreoe-

BaHHoi

y

A, a A

orpaxaer 45, craHoBscb oTnetlaTKoM B 116,

Ao

nopbr

Ao

BpeMeHr Becb 3Tor cro)KHLri B3ahMo3epKanbHhr;

npoqecc

npollcxoal,tT cKpbrTo, HeBhaMMo

anF

BHeuHero Ha-

6noaarenF. BHeuJHe A KaK

6yATo ocraercs caM!,rM co6oi,

rl,4L!5

KOn4TeCTBeHHO r43MeHFFCb, HO SHyrph HerO

{a

erO cyut-

HocTu) npolcxoAxr

craHoBneHl4e HoBoro KaqecTBa,

Koropoe

paHo

un, no3aHo Bbriaer Ha noBepxHocrb, npoa6urcF B oTHo-

uleHxu BHeurHero HaonrcaaTenF,

qeM

xe

pe3ynbrrpyercF

B3arMoorpaxeHr4e A

u A5?

Bo-

nepBbrx,

TeM,

tlTo

Bo3HxKae-l HeKoTopoe npMHqrnxanbHo HoBoe

KaqecrBo, He

cBoaxMoe

Hu x A, Hu

K 45.

Bo-Bropbrx,31o HoBoe

KaqecTBo o3HaqaeT

ycTaHoBr,lBLleeca

B KaKoM-To oTHouleHurl

Bo6oe rox(aecrBo A x

46:

A ra

AE cnrrnracu

e

qenoe.

B3allMoorpaxeHue

A

n AE nporeKaer

Ao

Tex nop, noKa

y

Hvx ocraeTcR

qTo

6paTb

apyr

y

apyra,

npaaaa,

nonHoTo

no-

rnoqeHhF

A u

AE

e

Hoeonr

KaqecrBe

Bce )Ke He

npoucxoalir,

oT

cTaporo KaqecTBa A

qfo-To

ocTaeTcF;

cTapoe

npoaonxaeT

6oporbcF c HoBrrrM Tenepb

pKe

KaK

Hesro 6onee npocroe c 60-

rlee

cnoxHbr M,

cosepu.teHHbt

M.

Ao

cxx

nop Mbr

6panx

A,

He

pa3nu'{aF

B HeM ero co6crBeH-

Hyrc

cTpVXTypHyro HeoAHopoAHocTb.

OAxa<o

daxrlaqecKu

nto-

6oe ocHoBaHre npeAcraBnFer

co6oi cxcreMy

pa3nuqatoul

xcF

MexAy co6oi 3neMeHTOB, xorF

t4 c o6ulhM crrcreMHhtM KaqecT-

BoM A.

Ecnh Mbr Tenepb

yqreM

AaHHoe

o6cToFrenbcrao,

ro

KapTqHa

B3axMoorpaxenua A u

AE

ycnoxxrrcF.

KaxAbri

gne-

MeHr

(yqacToK)

A no{soeMy B3ahMoAeicTByeT

c A5; cneAo-

BaTenhHo,

cTaHoef,u.IrxcF HoBbtx KaqecTB,

cKobtTbtx

oT BHe[!-

Hero B3opa,

Moxer 6brrb HecKonbKo. l4Haqe

roBopF, nocKonb-

Ky

peofieKcu8

A

u AE

ecTh

cyulHocrh npoqecca

craHoBneHuF

HOBOTO,

TO S

paMKaX

CTapOrO KaqeCTBa A

MOXeT BO3HrKaTb He

oAHa,

a HecKonbKo

cyulHocTei: c1. c2

u

r.

a.

npohcxoaxr

He

TonbKo

60pb6a cTaporo Kaqecrsa A

c HoBbtM,

l4r|Terp6posaH-

HhrM u3

A u

AE

xaqecreoi,r

C,

Ho

yaKxe

x 6opb6a Me)KAy

pa3.

nuqarcLquMhcF

MoAqOuKaquf,Mrl

HoBoro KaqecrBa

Cl, C2

x

r.

A,

MexAy

cepbe3Ho

pa3ruqaroult

M^cA C,

tA

C- Bo3Hr,rKaer

al,aneKTuqecKoe

npoTxBopeqre. reTenb

Ba36tBaeT-npoTl,tBope-

'r4e

oTHoLleHueM

(6opb6oi)

Mexay

cyruHocTsM4. KaxaaF

cyulHocTb

tlMeeT Bo3MoxHocTb

cTaTb

aeicTBl,tTenbHocThto,

to

ecT6 Bbrirr4 Hapyxy, npof,BxTbcn

(qeicrerrenuHocru,

no fere-

nK),

ecTs ea,4HcTBo

cyulHocTx

14

FBneHrlF) , Ho no6exaaer. ro

ecTS npoFBflf,eTca

KaK

yxe

aHeLlHee, Hosoe t<aqecTBor

ta so3-

MoxHocrb,

KofopaF

y|Meer

60rbtue xh3HeHHoi cl4nbt.

SecnpeAerbHbri

AnF

Mxpa B

qenoM

npoqecc a3ahMoorpa-

xeHua

pa3nMLrHbrx

Beqei

unlr cropoH

qenoro

ecFkhi

pa3

or-

paHx{uBaeT

ce6f, roi uns xHo;1 r(oHKpeTHoi

npocrpaHcrBeH-

Hoi

SopMoi.

CneuMSBKa Hosoi

Ka'lecrBeHHoi

SopMbt

reHe-

rrqecKr

3asxcr4T or nponopqui A

t4

45,

o1 hx

co6crBeHHcjli

89

EonoM

46.

'Opnoe

B.B. Marcpu4,

c.98-116.

Pa3suTue,

se-noaeK. flePMb.

**AHan!|3

npoBeAeH npo6. nrBoB€poshrM

A.B.

*"na6apbe

n.)K.

ferene3cKaq

,Hayqa

nor1Kut" B ce6e

!r

BHe ce6B

caMoi//OunocoonF ferenF !r npo6neMhr

Auanex-

]|rKr.

M.,

1987.

C. 81 .

"'*

fezenb

/-. HayKa

norrKu. lvl.. 1970. T.1. C.

19'1.

rTaM

xe. C.201-216.

Бобковская М.А. и др. Уральская школа дизайна

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.