Бобковская М.А. и др. Уральская школа дизайна

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

nonhtTKa

pacKpbtrb

rrepe3

y3noBbre reMbr l,l.c

ucnonbsoBa-

HheM co6crBeHHoro

KareropranEHoro annapala

oTAenbHble

teoperrLtecKue n coqxanhHhre

npo6neMbl

a{3aiHa:

TeMe

,,olinoco$rF,

npeaMer u

ponE

o6qectBe"

paccMarp!'l-

BancF Bonpoc

Mr,rpoBo33peHqecKoi

dyxxqur

av'3ai'\a,

reMax

,,Co3HaH

e" u

,,MapKclrcrcKo-neHl4HcKaF

Teopxa

no3Ha_

HhF"

no3HaBarenbHbri acnexr

npoeKTHori

aeFTerbHocrll.

14HxeHepHo.rexHhqecKhe

arcrlunnrHbr

nErranvcb Henocpea-

cTBesHO O6ecneqxBarb

KoHcTpyKropcKxi

YpoBeHb

ax3aliHep-

cKoro

npoeKrxposaHEF, no3ToMy HeKoropble

x3 xx cocraB-

nFtoulr,lx, HanpuMep,,OcHoBEr

rexHxqecKoro

KoHcrpytlpoBa-

y.ua"

6Etnu cKoppeKTxpoBaHbr

raK,

'rro6br

nplrBurb cryaeH-

raM npaKrrqecKMe HaBblKl,r

r4HxeHepHoro

npoeKrripoBaHxn

h np'16nh3vtTh 9rx K

peureH

|o KoHKpeTHbrx

ax3aiBepcKl,lx

3a'

Aaq,

TpaAuuxoHHbri aKaAeMuqecKxi

Kypc

ptlcyHKa

6!rn

qac_

TIqHO nepepa6oraH

opheHraq

h Ha o6yqeHue

npreMaM

KoM-

no3rqxu

x xyao)Kec-rBeHHo-B6tpa3nrenhHbrM

cpeacrBaM

HeM,

HapFAy c coxpaHeHxeM

rpaaxqroHHbrx 3HaH

r, noFannac6

chcTeMa HoBbrx

vnpaxHeHtrt,

HanpaBneHHblx

pa3Bxrl4e

xy_

aoxecrseHHo.6pa3Horo

MhrrxneHuF

au3a;Hepar.

TaKltM

o6pa3oM,

704 roabr orMeqeHhr

l,4cropr,rl,4 tlrKonbl

noHcKaMl,r He ronr,Ko coaepxaHrF

tl cTpyKTyphl

Kypca

npoeK-

rxposaHxF,

pe3ynbraTqBHblx

MeToaoB o6y,leHlnf,

cryaeH'

TOB npOoeCCUOHanhHoi

AeFrenhHOCTr,

pa3Hble

roabl

B npo-

uecce

3T!tx noxcKos

6Ertro onpo6oBaHo

HecKonbKo

BapuaH-

TOB,

Tpe6VrcUlXX

TeM He MeHee

AanbHeiLlero

aHanh3a,

no'

cKonhKv noxMeHeHue

Ka)KAoro 63 8xx

uMeno cBox

aocTolrH-

crBa

HeaocraTK,

BHocl,4rlo

x sHocl,lr cBo,

KoppeKTvBbl

vqe6Hhr;

nooqecc,

TaK,

B Haqane

70-x roaoB 6brna onpo6oBaHa

+opMa

opra_

Hx3aqxr

o6yqeHuF

no nprHqhny TBopLlecKt,x

MacTepcKLlx.

3a-

T,IMCTBOBaHHaH ,r3

On6rra

XyAO)KeCTAeHH6|X tUKOn

qacTrqHo

BocxoaaulaF K taeFM

6ayxav3a x BXyTEMACa.

O6y'leHxe

6brno nocrpoexo no npxHrltany,,Mecrep-y'{eHxK",

Kypc npo-

eKT[poBaHxF B Kaxaoi

rpynne Ha

npoTFxeHh

Bcex Lxecrll

ner

BencF

oaHlrM

npenoaaBareneM,

EcrecrBeHHo,

,rro

c l,lc-

nonb3oBaHlreM TaKoi

dopMbr

o6y9eHuF

rBopqecKaF

uHAvax'

ayanbHocrb

npenoaaBarenF, ero

ro{Ka

3peHnF

4x3aliH

qenl,

npooecc[oHanhHoi

aeFTenbHocrx

nonyqanq

peularcqee

3HaqeHxe,

Ho, nocKonbKy Mexay

npenoAaaarenFM14

cyulecrBo-

BAn,'

pa3nr,'tra

B 6a3oBoi

noAForosKe, onbrre

npoeKThpoBa-

Hxa,

ypoBHe

reoperq,recKux 3qaHui'

a neAafofugecKoro

Mac-

TepcTBa, HaMeTHnocb

Hecoorae-rcrB14e

pffynbraroB

noaforos-

cryaeHToB

pa3Hbrx

rpynn.

.qpyraF

OopMa

o6yqeHrs,

roxe onpo6oBaHHaF

B LrlKone

cepeaxHbr

70-x roaoB,3aKnrcqanac5

s c6F3aTensHoM

y'{acruh

KaxaoTo npenoaaBaTerF B BeaeH,lx

npoeKTxpoBaHra

Ha Bcex

Kypcax.

nonoxqTenbH6rM

pe3ynbraroM

6stno ocBoeH

e Kax-

AbrM

npenoaaBareneM

scero

ooaeMa

Kypca

B ero

qenocrHo_

cTn, nocTuxeHle Kypca KaK crcTeMbl

s3axMocBfl3a8Hblx

npo6neMarxKe u

3aaaqaM

pa3aenos.

3ror MeroA

o6yqeH4B

cnoco6crBoBan

6op

M r,r

Ba H

14 to rxna npenoaaBarenF_yHuBep_

cana,

o6ecnequBan nonHvn

B3auMo3aMeHFeMOCTS

npenOAaSa_

rere;,

oaHaKo

xe fie rapaHTrtpoBan

yrnybneHHoro B

paB-

Hoi creneHu ocBoeHxB

pa3Aenos

t<ypc€. Hax6onee

3SSeK-

Tl,lBHbtM A 3rOM CMblCne OKa3anCF

np!,lHFT6rfr

rXKOnOi BO

BTopoi nonoBuHe 70-x roaoB 14 cyurecrByloull4i

Hacroa'

ulero BpeMeHh MeToa 3aKpenreHua 3a

npeno4aBaTenf,M,

or-

aenbH6rx

pa34enoa

Kypca, cnoco6crayrcqri

oaHospeMeHHo

lrx

cneqtanr3aqull a onpeaeneHHoM

npoeKTHoM coaepxaHuq

yqe6Hoi

npoeKrHoli

reMarxKe. Meroa

BoBce He rcKnK,'lan

BOBneqeHrF npenoaaBarenei

apyrxe

pa3Aenbr kypca npoeK-

rr,rpoBaHhF, oaHaKo 14MeHHo 6naroAapF

cneu,ranu3aqux

6bln

aocTnrHyr aocTaroqHo

BhrcoKrrx

ypoBeHb

reopeTr'lecKoro

Metoar4qecKoro

ocHauleHtlF Kaxaoro

pa3aenoB

l,1 co3aa-

6a3a

AnF

npoBeAeHuF

3KcnephMeHroB

yrny6nfircqrx

TeopeTrqecKrx

rccneAoBaHrt

KaK oTAenbHhtx

pa3AenoB.

TaK

r,r

Kypca

qenoM.

C l,cnonb3oBaH,4eM

TaKoi

SopMht

o6vqeBuF

cryAeHros

noaBrrnacb

Bo3MoxHocrb,

HapFAy c o6qxM

co-

aepxaHxeM Kypca ocBaxBaTb

u conocrabnarb

pa3nrqHbte

rBopqecKre

MaHepht

npenoAaBarenei-Au3aiHepoB.

HHrepnpeTa-

qhh

npo6neMaruKh

x MeroAoB

npoeKrxpoBaHxF KaK Bbtpaxe-

HXe hHAlrBXAyanbgocTl/

Ka)<aoro npenoaaBaTenF,

qTo

h caMxx

cTyAeHToB no6yxaaer

caMoBhrpaxeHrrc B npoeKre.

O606qaF 3yor nepr.roA

(aropyo

nonoBhHy 7O-x roAoB)

Ko-

Top6ri

o603HaqeH

HaMh

xaK

BaxHeiu.Iri B

pa3Blarfiu

cneuranb-

HOCTrr,

Ha3OBeM

XapAKTepHyto

AnF

Hero 9qpry

norcKoBocrb.

Snaroaapn

ei 3a KoporKui

cpoK a rlJKone

6hrna

Bbrpa6oraHa

Yxe

onpeaeneHHaF

co6cTaeHHaa

KoHqehqua o6yqeHrf,

Ax3a;-

HepoB,

oKa3aBUraFcF xl43Hecnoco6Hoi

h B

nocreAy|oulee

aecH-

COBPEMEHHbIff 3TAN

uprrcrynaF

K aHann3y coBpeMeHHoro

cocrof,Hl,lR

noaroroaKx

xyaoxHl4KoB-KoHcTpyKTopoa, cneayer

noBrop4Th,

qTo

oH He

MOXer

npeTeHAoBaTb

nonHoly oqeHoK, TaK

KaK Mbl tMeeM

aeno

c MeHFroqe;cF

u Bo MHofoM

eule He FcHoi

KaprhHoi,

nonbrraeMcF 3a+rxcMpoBarb

nrub

caMbre o6ulre,

noKa npx_

6n|4grtenbHbre ee xapaKTepucrhKx.

nepabri

B3rnFA, B

conocraBneHxfi

npeabrayr.lll{M,

ro'

aaMt4r

E COCTOFHHI,l CneUIanbHOCTX

Ka'leCTBeHHbrX

U3MeHeHUi

He npox3oLtlno, HanporrrB, MHoroe

cxcreMe

o6yqeHhF

sblrnF-

axr

ycToaBuJl{Mca x o6ecneqllBaeT oTnaxeHHocTh

x cra6[nE-

HOCTb

Vqe6HOrO

npoqecCa.

BMeCTe C TeM, HaMer

nuc!

TeHAeH_

qxl,

yTo'{HeHUrc U

AeTarX3aqvx

x, B KoHe'rHoM

xTote,

K nepe'

cMoTpy

coaepxaHna

oTAetSHhlx KoHqenqrx,

nouoxeHHr,lx

ocHoBy Kypca npoeKT,ipoBaHxF eule

B 70€ roAbt.l4croqHrKoM

3rfix u3MeHeHxi x

yroqHeHui

c'tyxar

npoqeccbt,

$opMxpyro-

utrecF

B HacToFUlee

BpeMf, B

ore'recraeHHoM

ar3a;He,

flepe-

qhcnHM

nuuJb

HeKoToDbre

r3 H14x,

Ha,rane 80-x

roaoB nony'runu

pa3Errxe

KoHuenqh

c4c_

TeMHOTO

AU3aiHa,

3aKn|oqarcqXeCF

npe4MyrlecTBeHHo

,4Aee

cucTeMHoro

noaxoaa K o6reKTaM

4u3a;Ha,

a B conocraB"

neHhI

,,clrcreMHoro"

t,|JJlytr{ofot'

av3auHa

u Bbtpa3!,1BrlJxe-

cF B TeHAeHq!,11,1

pa3pa6oTKe

AU3aiH-npOrpaMM.

Ha Kaoeape

npoMhrrlrneHHoro ucKyccrBa cBepaApxtl TaKoi

noaxoa

K Me_

TOA!rKe

Ar3aiHa

Ha'ran

pacnpocrpaHsrbcF

Ha o6teKrbt,

cxx

nop

TpaauqroHHo cLrl4raBLr]ueca apxuTexrypHbrMl,

r'opoa'

cxoe npocrpaHcrBo, Manbre apxrTeKrypHbreoopMbr,

npocrpaH-

crBeHHhre KoMno3urlMx xHrepbepoB x 1.n. Bo3Hqxno

u conyr_

cTByr,oqee FBneHxe

ax3ahH

cia, hcnSrTblBaTb

BnuRHHe

rpa_

axrlxosH6rx

ar!f,

apxxrekrypbr

KoHueflqxi

aeFrenhHocrv.

3ro

anuFHue B6tpa3unocb, KpoMe Bcero npo'rero,

B noFaneH!4u

oT-

rl4'rHoto

or npxHFToro B

ax3aiHe

onpeaeneHxF

cpeabl

KaK

aHcaM6nF npocypaHcrBeHHoi

uenocrHocrx,

npeaMelHo.npo-

crpaHcTBeqHoi

opTaHu3oBasHocrx

l, r,n. IloaqepKHeM

3To

KaK

npl,HqhnranbHo BaxHbri MoMeHY KaK Hanhque

xMeHHo

pa3'

HOqreHuF sroro noHFrLrR

apxlreKropos

ar43aiHepoB,

qro

|,1 crano

nplr'ruHoi nepecMorpe

HeKoTophrx

nonoxeHri Kypco.

Boro

npoeK1npoBaHMF

ypanbcKoi

ahsaiHepcKoi

UlKone.

orMerrM

oaHoBpeMeHHo,

qro

3Tor npoqecc c6nxxeH,lF

apxx-

reKrypbr

r,r

aB3aiHa,

KaK 6br

xMMaHeHTHbr;

anF

ypanbcKoi

ah-

3aiHepcKo; urKonbr,

pa3BlrBancF

Bo Bcei oieqecrBeHHot

npo-

eKTHOi r,rAeOnOTnL,

'rTO

U nOnVql/|no cBoe BStpaxeHre B

noFsne-

Hl,rt, Hosoi cneqranu3aqt,|r,,apxhreKropa-ari3a;Hepa", Pac-

cMorpl,rM,

KaKoe npenoMneHre 3ror

npoqecc

nonyqun a KoH-

KperHbrx

ycnoauFx

ypanhcKoi

uKonbr,

"3ror

noAXoA

KaSeApbr

pr.rcyHKa

CBepaApxl/ 6yAer

C Ha{ana

80-x roAos

s KypcoBoe

npoeKTrposaHte aouinr,

o6!eKrbr c npocrpaHcrBeHHoi opraHx3aqret. 3aH|nMarotulte

npoMexyrogsoe

nonoxeHre Mexay

apx4TeKTypo;

al13ai-

HoM. 14x noFBneHue

o6ycnosxno

onpe4eneHHoe

ao3aeicrB!!e

KOHqenqri

apxxTeKrypHoro npoeKrl4poBaHnF

Ha KypcoBoe

ax3aiHepcKoe

npoeKrupoBaHue,

qro

B cBolo oqepeab

B6r3aano

Heo6xoAerMocTh

yToqHeHxF

r,4

6onee

yrnV6neHHoi pa3pa6orK14

HeKoropbrx

noHFTlri

!r nonoxeHrfi

y,{e6Horo

npouecca-

B.racr-

Hocrr4, 6onbLlee

BHuMaH,re

6brno

yAeneHo

pacKpbrruK)

060-

cHoaaHrlo noHarxF

,,cpeaa",

ero

rpaKroBKe,

nonyq9|Burei

pac-

uxpeHHhri

cMhrcn

eqe B 70€ roabr:

,,cpeaa"

KaK eHcaM6n5,

a KaK

crcreMa cBf,3ei

(<yncryprrrx,coquanblbrxra

np.)

Ko_

Topbre BKnrcqeHo

Al43ari8epcKoe

peueHMe;

,,Beuh

cpeAe"

xaK €eulb

B cKpeqeHxlr MHoxecTBa sBneHhi

B Kvnbrype.

Ta.

KOe noHFTfie

yTBeparnocb

s r<ypcosoM npoeKrlrpoBaHu!!.

BMe-

cre c TeM/ B

y'{e6HoM

npouecce

co3aanrcb

npeanocbrnKu

atlF

pa3errrF

caMocToBrenbHoi

nusvrl,,|apxureKlypHoro

Au-

3aiHa" co cBotM noBarueM,,cpeabt"

KaK, B ocHoaHoM,

npea-

MetHo.npocrpaHcrBeHHoro

aBneHl,lF.

[lpxMepHo aaeKBarHbri

sroia mfilnlA

h ce;qac orqacrh

+opManxsoaaHHbri

npMHLlrtnaMr

,,r,rrpoBoro" ah3aiHa

onhrr o6yqeBxF 6hu anpo6npoBaH

uiKo.

no; B

Haqane 80-x roaoE, OHu,

qacrHocrx,6hrtu

opxeHTupo'

BaHbr

ucnonb3osaHue

apceHana

xyaoxecTBeHHo{6pa3Hhlx

Bsrpa3hrenbHhrx

cpeacrB,

nonyqrBL!r,4x L!r,rpoKoe

pacnpocTpa-

HeHUe B KypCOBOM npoeK

,rpoBaHrlr,i

hrpyurkr,r

u xrpoBoi cpe-

a6r

rperbeM roAy

o6yqeHhF

B CBepaApxl4.

Ha3oBeM

eule oaHV, cBF3aHHylo c

3TlrM x oqeHb

sa)KHYlo

TeHAeHqlrlo, noanrFaLlryrc Ha

crcreMy

noaroTosKu

at43atHepos

r,lHcrraryre,

Bo3pacraHue aKryanbHocTu

npo6neM xyaoxecr'

seHHoi

o6pa3Hocrx B

Al,43aiHe.

npoqecce

yloqHeHuF

pa3pa_

60rKx

yqe6Hbrx

3aaaHhi,coaepxaHus

o6yqeHnF

Ha Mnaaurr,lx

x cpeaHnx Kypcax Bo3Hl,4Kna norpe6Hocrb 6onee

yrny6neHHoi

nocTaHoBKu

pFAa

yqe6Hsrx

3aaa'{, HanpaBneHHbrx

pa3Bulue

xyaoxecrBeHHoi

6aHTa3rr,

cnoco6Hocru

nocrxxeHuF

06pa3-

HOCTU npeAMerHOrO Mr/pa U

pet|leHlrF

TaKxM

nyreM npo6neMhl

3crerrqecKoro

BocnrraHuf,, C

groi qenup

B'1984 roAy 6blna

ocyuecrBneHa

peopraH!r3aquF

o6yqeHhF

npoeKTxpoBaHhlo

I u ll Kvpcax, Henb3F

cKa3arb,

qro

npo6neMa o6pa3Hocrx

npo-

ayK-ra ah3aiHa

He cTof,na Ha

Kaoeape l,

paHbu.re,

r|o

HoaoM

noaxoae

KoHqenqxa

npeaMetHoro Mrpa KaK

,4cloqHl,iKa xy-

aoxecTaeHHo-o6pa3Hbrx

cpeacrs

BbrcrYnrna oaHoi

|n3 Knl()-

B npoqecce

peopraHU3aqxx

vqe6Hhrx

KypcoB B 80-x roaax

npoxcxoauno

yTo'tHeHue

paSBITl,|e

TonbKo KoHqenqxi

npoeKrnposaHhF,

MeToar4qecKsx

npuHuxnoB, Boo6qe

cneayet

oTMerrrb

t(aK oTnrqltTenhHyK)

qepTy

HacroFqeao

3Ta-

pa3BlrTl,rf,

L!Konhr

noBhtLrJeHHoe BHrMaHue K

npo6neMaM

neaaroruK14 Meroal,rKr4o6yqeBMF. rloasuncf, aKrrsHbri

Hre.

pec

K Teoprr,4 Hay'ret|xf,, K npo6neMaM

YnpaBneH4F OopMhpo-

BaHheM

co3HaHrF

y,{aq

xcF, B ocHoBy

npenoaaBaHxF

noxarca

HayqHbre uccneaoBaHrf, npoBeaeHHbre B

pycne

npo6neM coB-

peMeHHoi

neaaror14Kr.

OcnogHsr^rla HanpaBneH FMr4 coBepueHcrsoBaHuF o6yqe-

Hl,F CTAn

QOpMupOBaHue

npo(pecclroHansHoro co3HaHrf,

cYy-

aeHTos

l,|

rpeHrpoaKa npaKT4qecKxx HaBbrxoB,

a neaafoThqe-

cKoi npaKTrlKr,

opraHur3aquF

06qei

cTpyKTypbr

yqe6Horo

npoqecca u

pa3pa60TKa

o6ocHosaHHoi

Tl,nonorrx

yqe6Hbrx

npo6neM.

peuaeMbrx

Ha orAenbHbrx

3tanax

o6yqeHrF.

HaBhrKl,r, Koropbre

aonxHbr

npuo6pecru cryAeHrhr

B npo-

qecce

o6y,re8ud,

Axd$epeHqupyorcs

coorBercrBrr c

r na-

vr npo4eccraonansnux

cr,4ryaqdi.

pe3ynbrare

HeceHua

nocTpoeH€ nocneaoBaTerbHocTb

u lrepapxhF

HaBbrKoa:

rpeHupoeKa xyaoxecrBeHHoao aoo6paxeH F;

pa3aITue

3cTeTrqecKoro'{yThF;

KOM6UHaTOpHLTe Haa6rKI;

yMeHre

BxxBarbcF B o6pa3 norpe6rrenF;

HaBhtKtr cr{cTeMHoro u 3BoIKrql,roHHoTo MbtuneHrfi .

B cucreMe npoeKTHhrx HaBbrKoB BbraeneHbr

aBe

rpynnbr.

liepBaF BKnEqaer

HaBbrxh ipoeKrHoro

MoaenxpoBaHqa:

yMeHue

x3Bne'rh cyqecTBeHHoe,

x306pa3xrb,

cxeMaTr3r,lpoBaft

;

yMeHre

oBnaaeTb

pa3HhrMx

rexH kaMl,| u npxeMaM,

nepeaaqu

coaepxaHrF. BTopaF

HaBbrKh

aeae|tuF npoqecca

npoeKTxpo_

BaHrF:

yMeHre

pacKpbrTb

npoeKrHyK, npo6reMy,

npoaHanx3rl-

poBaTb

npoeKrHylo

ryaqxrc, csopMynlrpoEarb 3aaaLtr,

Be-

crx

nohcK u or6op npoeKTHbrx B6p[aHToB, c9rHTe3rpoBarb

l' MaTeouantl30BaTb oeL!eHha.

o6qeM

npouecce npodeccxoH€nbHoi

noarorosKr4 B 80+

roAbr 65rno

BbraeneHo

aBa

9T3na.

Ha nepBoM 3Tane, oxBalblsa-

loqeM

nepEbre

aBa

roaa

o6yqeHxs,

npoqecc npo$eccuoHanbHoi

noaroroBKM HanpaBneH B ocHoBHoM Ha

oBnaaeHhe

,cKyc-

crBoM xyaoxecrBeHHoro

KoHcrpyr,4poBaHrF, Ha

BTopoM 3T6-

Ha nocTuxeHre TrnoB

y3noBsrx

ax3aiHepcKrx

npo6neM.

TaKoBbl

rnaBHhte HanpaBneHuF

MetoauqecKrx

norcKoa

uKonbr s 80-e roAhr. K HhM MoxHo 6hr

Ao6aBrrb

!r co3AaHre

6onee

qacTHbrx

MeroA!1K,

HanpaBneHHbrx

peueHre

KoHKpeT-

Hbrx npaKTrqecKxx npo6neM

3a4a'{, HanpnMep

pa3pa6oraH-

Hoi

AnF

orAenbHbrx

pa3Aenoe

Kypca npoeK1!,tpoBaHrfi Mero-

a,lKr,

,,nonnpHbrx

npo6",

MeroAl4 Kr,1 nponeaeBTx'recKux

yn-

paxHeHui

no oTpa6orKe rpaoxqecKux

cpeacrB, Meroar4Kx

rpvnnoBoi

pa6orbr

Haa npoeKToM r,r

ap.

OcraHoBxMcF

Ha HeKoropErx HoBr,tx FBneHrFx

B co4epx6.

Hxl,

opraHn3aqlih

o6yqeH[F B npoeKTHoi TeM€rtKe

80-x

roaos. PFA r,t3

HMx

car4aerenbcrByer o Bo3HtKHoBeHllh

HoBhtx

npo6neM fi nporl,rBopequir B

paSBxrru

r!Konbr.

TaK. no cpaBHe-

nurc

70-Ml,l roaaM!r,

npou3ouno

pe3Koe

coKpaLueH14e

o6teMa

TexHMqecK!,rx

aucqlinnriH

B noaroToBKe

xyaoxHlrKoB-KoH-

cTpyKropoB.

N4exay

TeM, 6ofiee conraHaa,

no cpaBBeHuKt

apy16Mu

r!KonaMu, 6a3a TexHrqecKoi

noaaoToBKl,i cnequa-

nrcToB

alr3aiBy

x3HaqaflbHo 66rna oTnuqrrenbHoi

qeprot

ypanhcKoi

ujKonbr, Korop€F Bceraa opueHThpoBanacb

Ha 13-

aet!9rF

TFxeroTo

Maur[HocTpoeHnf, 14 cpeacTBa TpaHcnopra. B

csa3u

c HoBeiuxMl4

u3MeHeHMFMu

vqe6Hoto

nnaHa

HoBbl-

Mrl Tpe6oBaHhsMl,r 6oree xecrKo co6nrcAarb

runoByrc

yqe6-

HVrc nporpaMMy,

pa3pa6oraHHvro

B MBXny

(6.

Crporaxoa-

crorv)

e nocnegHve roAhr r,ls o6v'{eHlrf, 6hrtrx

xcKn€qeHbr ra-

Kxe

ancqxnnuHhr,

KaK,.tlepqeH!re",,,cTaHAspTu3aquf".,,Ha-

qepTarenbHaF

reoMeTp A"

l,r

pFA

apyrux.

tl3MeHhnca

n Ha6op

arcqrnn14H

scTynulenbHbrx 3K3aMeHoB Ha cneqlanSHocTh

,,npoMhrLllneHHoe

!rcriyccTBo". HanpuMep,

l'cKnKrqeHbr 9K3a-

MeHbr no

MareMarxKe,

dh3uKe

qep{eHu|o,

To ecr6 ,MeHHo

TeM

npeaMeTaM. KoTopEte no3BonFrct BbtFBrlJ6 TexHuqecKy|{)

rpaMorHocrb a6rrypueHroB. B

pe3vn6Tare

craHoBxrcn Bce 60-

nee

npo6neMarn,rHoi Bo3MoxHocrb L!Konbr noAToroaurb Bbt-

nvcKl{l,lKoB K

onTxManEHoMy BknrcqeHulo B cnoxHbte

ycnoBua

pa6orhr

Ha npoMbrtUneHHbrx npeAnpqFTlrFx, o6ecneqrTh

AocTa-

ro,rHhri

6arax 3HaHtri cneq|4$xK

npou3EoacrBa, xorF

HacroF-

ulee BpeMF

gelo

ah3aisepoB

qr4cna

KaxaoTo BbrnycKa

pacnpeaenFercF

pa6ory

B npoMbruneHHbre npeanpuFTerF.

B roM

qrcne

s raKre

cneqxo secKue,

KaK

ypanMau,

BA3.

KaMA3 ,r

aD.

B 80-e roabr npocnexuBaerca

aanbHeiuree

u3MeHeHue npo-

eKTHo; TeMarrKx

ru Kon br, oco6eHHo

orqernxBo

ArnnoMHoro

npoeKihpoBaH

20-25% coKparMnircb reMaruKa, cBF3aH-

HaF C npoMbruneHHbrM o6opyaoBaHueM

cpeacTBaMx

TpaH-

cnopTa,

u, Hao6opoT,

eo3pocno

qrcro

npoeKToB

ToBapoB

Ha-

poaHoro

norpe6neHxF

x ropoacKoro

au3aiHa.

3HaqfiT,

l,t

3TOM HanpaBneHUl.l nporcxoaxT

nocTeneHHoe

pa3MbrBaHtte

cneq4oxKx LlrKonhr, c nepBbrx

reT

cBoero cyqecTBoaaHra Ha-

qeneHHoi

Ha Maur,4HocrporrenbBhri

ax3afr

BnpoqeM, 3rr,r,r

apvrue

acneKTbr coBpeMeHHoro

cocroaHrF

ypanLcKoi

aM3aiHepcKoi

r,ut<onbr 6yayr

6onee noapo6Ho

oc_

BeuleHbr B nocneayrcul/|x

pa3aen0x.

CTCTEMA

NPO(DECChOHAN bHOR

noAroToBKn

AI43AF

EPOB

CBEPAflOBCKOM

APXhTEKTYPHOM

h HCT],ITYTE

no[roToBKA A5 l4TyP14 EHTOB

AnF

HenocpeacrBeHHoi ueneBoi

noaroroBKr4

K scrynxrenb-

HbrM

3K3aMeHaM

CnequanbHocTl4

Ha apxllTeKTYpHhle

Qa-

Kynbrerbr

r.r

+aKynbTer

npoMbrrlneHHoi

apxureKrypsr

npoMhrurneHHoTo

xcKyccrBa cBepanoBcKl,4M apxureKrypHblM

14HCTI4ryroM opraHh30BaHbr

KpaTKoBpeMeHH6re KypcEr, a TaKxe

Pa6oqrai

darynurer

(pa6$aK)

anF

cBepanoatraHla Horopoa'

Hnx,

rae o6y'{eH e

npoaoarlrcF oKono Toaa c oTpSlBoM or

npo-

t43BOACTBa,

nporpaMMbr

noaroroBr,rrenbHbrx

l<ypcoB x

pa6OaKa

npv.

MepHo aHanorr'{Hbr

nporbeMMaM, nprHarbrM a MocKoBcKoM

apxhTeKrypHoM

,Hcr, ryTe,

nosToMy

He 6yaeM

!1x

paccMarpx.

BaTb

AaSHOM

MarepllAne.

OrMerrM, oAHaKo,

oaHo o6croFTenbcrBo, Ha

Koropoe

VKa-

3brsalor

npenoAaBarenu.

Pa6SaK

CBepAApxl.4, KaK l.

Apyrre

noAo6Hbre opraHx3au!,ru.

KoMnneKryercF !r3 npAei cpaBHr.

TenbHo

B3pocnbrx

aeMo6|4nr30saHHbrx

BoeHHocnvxautvx.

n|oaei c

pa6o'rrM

craxeM

pa3nx,rHhrM

cneqranbHocrFM

nIuJb

orqacrx

t3 BbrnvcKH14KoB

xyAoxecTBeHBblx

y'lunhul

u r.n oH,4, no cpaBHeHnrc c

BbrnycKHl,lKaMu

cpeaHxx uJKor,

HaxoaaTcF

nprBunerrpoBaHHoM

nonoxeHxt,|,

nocKonSKy

nonyqarcr 6onee

ocHoBaTen6Hyro

noarorosKy no cneqa4c-

qlrnnhHaM

{p4cvHoK,

qep'reHue,

KoMn03xqxF)

a caaB Bsr-

nycKHbre 3K3aMeHbr

pa6SaKa,

aBToMarx,aecKu craHoBFrcF

cryaeHraMq, Ho,

B ro

BpeMa, nocTynhaurre

TaKrM

nyTeM

cryaeHTsr oKa3brBarcrcF 6onee

rpy4HbrM

Marep anoM

anF

ne-

aarorrlqecKoi

o6pa60TKl,r,

u60 xMercr

co6craeHHbre,

qaule

sce-

fo xcxaxeHHbre npeacraBneHxF o

a[3ai'{e.

o6reKrax

ax3aliHa,

a|r''3ai'P'epax,

vx noaroroBKe

u r,n

noMxMo

yKa3aHHbrx

Oopv

aoay3oBcKon

noaroroBK

ap-

rrreKTopoB x

ax3a;HepoB,

npenoaaBarenbcKui

cocraB

CBeplApxl,4

uHu\uupyer 14

aKruBHo BHeApFer

cneqManbHyro

apxr4TeKrypHo-aL43aMHepcKyrc nponeaeBThKy

a cucreMy 3cTe,

TlqecKoro BocnhTaHxF noApocTKoB

Monoaexu ulKonsHoTo

Bo3pacra. Ta(, no

{Hh!l4aruae KdOeApbr

pucyHKa

HeAaBHo or-

KpbrT apxrreKrypHbri Knacc B

cneqxanbHoi

xyAoxecrBeHHoi

t|lKone, opraHx30BaHHol; MecrHbrM

oraeneHreM

Co|o3a

xyaox-

HhKoB CCCP

l1 roToEFqei

a6qrypxeHroB.

rnaBHbiM o6pa3oM,

anF

MecrHoro xyaoxecTaeHHoro

yqunrqa,

14Hrqxarop

co3-

aaHxF 3roro Knacca

KadeApa

prcyHXa

CaepAApX14

KcTar,r,

opraHu3aquF

3Ta

Aanacb

HenerKo: HyxHo

6btno npeoaoneTb

conpoTusneHre

xyaoxecrBeHHoro

yq!.r''nuuJa

v, oraeneHrF

corc-

3a xyaoxHhKoa, 3ahsTepecoBaHHbrx

noaroToBKe

yqauluxcF

Orruqxe apxxreKrVpHoro

Knacca,

pacc'rkraHHoro

raKxe u

noaroroBr(y

a6firypqeHroB

anF

OaKynbrera

npoMstuneH-

HO; apx,4reKlyphr u npoMbrLllneHHoro

xcKVccTsa,

B BBeAe-

Hl,rM

KypcoB koMno3!ur..4,

ocBarBa€Moi

KaK B rpa$uKe, raK

nnacTsKe,

a raKxe s

o6yqeHu, HaBstKaM

MaKer!{poBaHhf,_

3roi nuH,rh

no nuHut4

opraHu3aqliu

apxrreKrvpHo-Al1-

3aiHepcKl/x Kfiaccoa B xyaoxecTBeHHhtx

U.tKonax 14 nonbtToK

KaKxM-ro

o6pa3oM oxBarxrb o6qeo6pa3oBarenbHbte

lrlKo-

nLr

npoaonxabr

ycrnlrF

KaseApa pMcyHKa,

a raK)Ke

HeKo-

lopEre

npenoaaBaren14 xa6eap6r npoMbrLrJfieHHoro

ucKycctBa.

llpeanonaraercg

{ro,rHee,

ecru cxnbHoe xenaHre}

co3aarb

B CBepAnoBcKe

cneqhanhHbtri

MeToAuqecKri

qeHrp,

BnrrsHxe

Koroporo

Moxer

pacnpocipaHFTbcA

ronbKo Ha

ypan6cKrri

perHoH,

Ho |a Ha

Apyrue

paioHbt

crpaHbr, noKa

ponb

raKoro

ueHrpa

AonxHa

BbrnonHFrb ra

Ka+eApa

pracyxra.

,,Kara.

noM

cBF3r" B 3Toi

pa6ore

cnyxaT

BhtnycKHr,lKl4

CBepAApxl4,

t<oropbrMx

KaQeapa

prcyHKa

noAaep)Kr.isaeT

nocToFBH6re

|<oHrakrbr.

CBoeo6pa3Hoi

143AepxKoi

oToi

pa6oTbt

FBnFercF

ro,

qro

ucToLqaeYcF

MeToar4qecKhi

soHA

xaoeapbt

pncyHxa

(no

estpaxexuro

crapr.uero npenoaaBarena

KadeApbr f,lo.

Oxa-

KoBa,

,,rpa6Fr 6oHAhr")

npe4cT€BnFercF,

'rTo

3Ta

pa6ora

FB nacb

oAHoi

u3 npx' 4H

Toro o6cToFTen6cTBa,

qro

i987 roAy

KoHKVpc

cpeAh nocTy-

narcuMX

SaKynhreT,

roroBsull,4l;

Ax3aiHepoB,

cocraBl,|n

Ae-

BATb

'renoBeK

oaHo MecTo.

noxanyi,

Hau6onee

ycroiqyBbti

claryc s apxrreKrypHo-

ar3aiHepcKo;

noaToroBKe

uKonbHxKoB hMeeT

opraHu3oBaH-

HaF nHcrtnryToM

eute E 1970 roAy

cryAlrF

,,LllKona

rcHbrx apxM-

TeKTopoB",

co3AaHHaF

npl/| aKTTBHoM

yqacTrh

KeHAuAaTa

apxrreKrypbt

H,n,

'lyBapfxHoi,

s HacroFulee speMF

pa6o-

rarcutei

KaSeApe

npoMbtUUneHHoro |4cKVccTBa.

TlepaoHa-

qanbHo

r!Kona

oxBaTbtBana

nutUb

y'{aulhxcf,

crapLjlxx KnaccoB.

Ho B

AanbHetLrJeM

npenoaaBarenu

np,4Uln4 K BbrBoav

o Heo6xo-

al,{MocTh

apxxreKrypHo-ax3a;HepcKoro

o6pa30BaHuF x

ans

Lxl(on6NMKoB

MnaAult4x

Knaccos,

cTaBF cBoei 3aAaqei

He cronb-

UeneHanpaBneHHyrc

noAroroBKy

a6l,|rypl,reHloB

ArF

By3a,

cKonbKo

noaleM

KynbrypHoro,

o6rjte3crerxqecKoro.

xyao-

xecTBeHHoTo yposHn

ukorbHoro

o6pa3oBaHxF.

Teu

xe r'rer'ree, TaM, rAe

gro

Kacaercn

HenocpeacrseHHo

ao-

ay3oBcKoi noaroToBKx

apxuTeKropoB u

ax3aliHepos,

r\reroah-

paccMaTpuBaeTcF

KaK

,,no38onF|<)ulaF

HaqaT6

noaToToBKy

SopMoo6pa3vrcLirei

aeFTenhHocrl4"

,,Ocxoagsre

3aaatru

L!Konhr

noMoqb

yqaullaMc8

noaoirh

K noHuMaHHrc

CyUlHocr'

r,rcKyccTBa

apxhTeKrypbr...

pa3BlrTs

l,{x

o6pa3Ho-accoqhal aHoe MbturneHqe,

qHTepec

K no3HaHhl,o t1 14H-

axBnayanbHbre

rBopqecKue

cnoco6HocTr,

nprBlrrb HaBbrKr,t

pa-

6orbt c oa3nrqHbrMu MareoxanaMr"*.

3ToMv cnoco6crBv|or cnequanbHo co3aaHHhre

nocreneHHo

coBepureHcTByeMbre

rKcnep MeHTanbHbre

Meroaxkx, B 3roi

pa6ore,

noMlaMo H.n.

tlyBaprxHoi,

aKrxBHo

yqacrByrcr

T,A,

yLlaKoBa

c Ka$eapbr ocHoB apxlrreKTyprrr r,

Apyrtae

npe-

noaaBaTenl4

oHu

BeavT

pa6ory

3roM

HanpaBneHuet B

aBop-

qax

nuoHepoB,

B xny6ax

{HanphMep,

npq oaHoM rr3

KpynHei-

rrhx npeanpnFTui

ropo4a

Ypanrvarue), floMxMo 3roro, Ko-

MHreroM BnKCM CEepAApxly' 6brnh opraHx3oBaHbr cneuHanb-

Hbre cTyaeHqecKxe orpFAbr, flp143saHHbre nponaraHArpoBarb

apxrrekrypHo-ar3a,4HepcKre

3HaHxF, opfaHr30Bb'Barbl,

BecTH

nPEACTABfl EH14f

nPOOECC14U

At43Aff

HEPA

nPAKT14qECK14E

UE,lh

ErO nOATOTOBKI4

OcHoBbr neAaroru,aecKxx

ycraHoBoK

o6nacrl,

ax3aiHepcKo.

ro o6pa3oBaHrF B

Hauei crpaHe 3aAaBarucb oduuuanbHbrMx

aor<yMeHraM[

iv]xHBy3a cccP, nposeccxorpa+u-

gecKxM

onl4caHxeM cneu anflcra+*, a

raKxe

nocroFHHo

nepevT-

'qveapzuHa

H.rl.

HeKoropbre oco6eHHocrl,4

aosy30Bcr<o;

apxxreKTypHo-xyaoxecraexHoi

(rovnogutlroHHoi)

noaro.

ToBKh//Bonpochr

reophh H npaKrxKu

apx,lrexTypHoi

KoMno-

3!4qhrllMApxh.

M.,

1976.

(C6.

rpyaos CArl;

Bbrn.7l.

**KBant+raKaqyoHHan

xapaKTepucrraKa

xyaoxHl,4Ka-KoHcr-

pyKropa

no cfleqManbHocrx 2230,,npoMbrUlneHHoe ucKyccTBo".

eepxAaBueica

npcrpaMMoli

Kypca npoeKTupoBaHhsr

u aHa-

noTxqHbtMl,t

aoxyMeHTaM14

oT4enbHbtM

al,tsaiHepcKxM

cne-

qllanbHocTaM.

I npeaenax

3Tr,1x

aoKyMeHToB

pa3peueHHhtx

MrlHBy3oM

20%

y,re6Horo

BpeMeHla, KoropbrM

Moryr onepHpo-

BaTh

peKTopbr,

KaxAbtt By3

KoHKpeT[3t

posan

csox

neAarortr-

qecKre

ycraHoBKx,

qent4,3aaaqx,

Ha Ka+eape npoMbruneHHo-

,cKyccrBa

CBepaApxrl

3Ta

pa6ora

ocHoBEtBaercF, npexAe

Bcero,

Ha TBOpqecKoi xHlepnpeTaqy,

npeacraener.rui

au3afr-

HepcKoi

npo$ecclr,

nocTpoeHx,

cBoero

poAa

MoAenx cne-

uharucra B o6nacrfi

.al,l3aiHa_

flpo6neMa

nocrpoeHaF

Moaerl, cneuranxcra

oco6eHHo 6K-

Tyanbna

B o6nacrx

au3aiH-o6pa3osaHxF,

nocKonsKy

oopMV-

nl4pyelcF

vcnoB14Fi aeFrenbHocrx,eLue

He cnoxnBrleicF, He

cTporo onpeaenHBUJei

cBoi

06ulecTBeHHbti craryc lr, KaK

cneAcyBue,

craryc npoOeccl4oHana.

B Hauux

vcnoBuFx

npo6ne-

ycyrv6naeTcF

TeM,

qro

ar3aiHepcKxe

oaKynbrerbt

x Ka-

Qeapbr

noKanx30EaHbt He

B cneqranbHb'x

au3aiHepcK14x

By3ax

HaxoaFTcF

no3ToMy B noaquneHHoM

[ono)KeHxx/He TorbKo

aaMrHr,rcTparlrsHoM,

nposecc oHanbHo-xaeonorHqecKoM,

BceMt

abrreKarcutrMrl r43

3ToTo HeraTuBHbtMu

nocneacta F-

3Mnupu,recKx onpeAerreH,re npooeccula

ocyutecrBnFercF

KaK 6br no

AByM

nrHxFM

no nrHr!1

orMexeBaHus oT

Apyrxx

npooeccui

nuH|4u

onpeAeneHlrF cBor,rx, npEcvulux TonbKo

3roi

npodecc,16,

qenei,

3aAa,r, MeroAoB A J,A,

Aanh{eil]]ri'

xoa

TeopeTx'lecKoe

ocMbrcneHMe 3Toro ,1 npoBepKa Moaen4

Ha npaKrrKe.

TaKoi

nyrb 6brn npoAenasl,| s CBepAApxl4.

Bonpoc o

cneqxOxKe

aM3a;Hepa-npooeccroHana.

ornv-

qxe,

c oaHoi cropoHbr, or xyAoxHhKa,

a c

apyroi

uHxe.

Hepa,

eule

aecaTb

neT

Ha3aa

TpaKToaancF

3aecb nptMepHo

Ta-

KxM

O6pa3OM,

,,KaKxMq

)i(e

cpeacrBaMu

peuJaer

Ali3aiHep

csou 3aaa9M?

no o6LueMy MHeHu|o

KoMn03rrlr,roHHo-B6rpa3urenhHbrMr,r,

TaK

3Haqur, oH

xyaoxHl,{K? Her,

KoHeqHo,

AA3ai^Hep

A xy-

ao)KHhk

hMeklr MHoro o6lqero B cpe4crBax

[eFrenbHocTU.

qenu,

KoTopbre oHU cTaBFr, npFMo npo

4BonofloxHbr.

uenr,

xyaoxHxKa

sbrpa3xrb B npoAyKre rBopqecrsa cBorc .4HAl,rBx-

ayanbHocrb...

3ro lrenb

caMoi

aeFTenbHocrH, aa)ke

np Knaa-

HXqecTBe

3HaKOMaF, 3aKOHOMepHaF

QOpMa

BeUv nUUrb

nO-

BOA

AnF

xyAoxHr,rKA npOFBrrTb Ce6F. Ha 3TOr C,rer

He 3a6nyx-

aaeicF

14 noTpe6rTenb. OH 3Haer,

KaK nonb3oaalbcF 3Toi

BeutEfo,

oHa 3HaKoMa eMy. Ho oaHoBpeMeHHo

oH aAN

Ha'

cKonbKo 14BAxBHAyaneH aBrop B rpaKIoBKe ee

sopMbt,..

KoHTaKT

c raKxMx

BeqaM!1 sro KoHTaKT c

rHAxBxayanb-

HOCTbTO

aBrOpA.

uen|,4 Ar3aiHa,

MO)I<HO

cKa3arb, nporl,4Bo-

nonoxH6r,

Beul6, co3aaHHyro

au3aiHepoM,

norpe66Tenb

Boc-

npfiHxMaer KaK

,,cBoro",

KoHe,rHo, 3ro

nporcxoalrT

orqac

u3"3a

roro,

liro

nons3yercF

erc,

B 3roM

aeno. Ar3ai-

Hep B6tpaxaeT B Belqh HeqTo TaKoe,

cTo

aenaeT

B rna3ax

norpe6xrenF

eue 6oflee

,,cBoei".

3ro Heqro

orpaxeHtle

coqxansHo-KynhTypHoro craryca norpe6trrenF,

ero

BKycoB

Aaxe

BeKOTOphrx

nlrqHocrHhrx opheHraqui,..

14HAuBlrayanbHo

roo6paxeHHoe

Ax3aiHep

npeAcraanFer

KaK

coqranhHo

KVnb'

rypHo

3HaqrMoe, T,e, 3aaaer

KaK HoByto 3al<oHoMepHocTb,

Ko'

ropas

aor)l{Ha

BoiYr,r B

qenoBeqecKyro

npaKTr4i<y"**.

Ho rnaBHoe

xapakrep

rBop'recKoro MbruJneHrF

Al{3ai.

Hepa,

To ecTb-to KaqecTso, KoTopoe

npx3BaHa

BocnrTaTs,

06-

pa3oBarh

ax3aiBepcKaF

urKorra. MbrurneHue Boo6l4e n1060ro

qenoseKa

nocTpoeHo

B3axMHoM

o6ycroBnHBaH6u l,tHAxBM-

flporpaMMa Kypca,,[']poeKrrpoBaHre

(xyAoxecrBeHHoe

KOHCTpynpOBaHre) "

ArA

BbrcLUr,4x

yqe6H6rx

3aBeaeHni no

cne.

qhanbHocrr,

2230,,npoMblr.ureBHoe

!rcKyccTBor'/CocT, Kplo-

KoB f.8.,

KoporKeBuq A.E.,6Erxo8

3.n.

ful

,1984.

**CM,t

nnhtureecKui

8.H.

EbrcrvnneHrae na coBeqaHux

,.flpo6neMbr

xVAoxecrBeHHo'KoHcrpyKropcKoao

06pa3oBa-

H!,{a"//TexHu,{ecKaF

3creruKa.

1977.

C. 10.

ayanbHoro

o6ute3HaquMoro

unu,

eLue rny6)Ke, o6pa3Hoao r,1

KaYeropxanbHoro.

,4nF

raop,recKoro MbrrllneHxa o6e 3Tn

cro-

poHhr

aonxHbr

65rTb cl4rhHo

paSaurhr

h BSarMoo6ycnoBneHhr.

O6e

?ru cropoHhr

B Mx

eArHcrBe Heo6xo4qMbr KaK

Au3aiHepy,

TaK

xyao)KHxKy.

HeBepHo Ha

ocHoBaH,r 3Toro 3aaBnaTb

TO)KAeCTBe

Ah3aiHepCKOTO

1,4 XVAO)KeCTBeHHOiO nOAXOAOB, B

TOT MOMeHT,

KOrAa MbrLlneHUe,,pa6OTaeT", HeBO3MO)l<HO CKa-

3aTb/

qbe

oHo

ah3aiHepa

rnx

xyaoxHxKa.

8ce

peuraeT

Ha-

qanbHaF

ycraHoBKa

{qenu

aenrensxocru}

u llcronKoBaHUe

pe-

:ynurara

{xy4oxecrBeHHoe

npor3eeAeHre una

3aiHep-

cKxi npoAyKr)

qro6br

noHfirb, B

'{eM

pa3nxq}le

MexAy

Axsai.

HepoM 14

xyaoxHr,

<oM,

Haao aHat4314poBaTb He cTorbKo MblLu-

neHle

KaK TaKoBoe, cKonbKo otpaxeHhe

co3HaH4H

aef,Tera

cneqtrSMKx

ero

qenei

pe3ynaTaTa.

9ro KacaercF Bonpoca

o6 orMexesaH!ru

npo+eccul,r

au3ailHe-

oT npo+eccuH xHxeHepa, ro

aero

34ecb, cKopee

Bcero, B

He.

BepHoM npeacTaBneHxx

roM,

qTo

MauuHe,

cnpoeKrhpoBaH-

Ho; xHxeHepoM,

AtF

nonHoqeHHocT14 HeaocTaer TonbKo

,,Kpa.

coTht

B npeacTaBneHltx o corc3e xHxeHepa xyaoxHhKa,

Tex-

H!{Kh 14

3crerxK14 KaK cuHoH14Me

AH3aiHepcKoro

noAxoaa, lvle.

Hee

rpy6oe

o6ocHoBaHre raKoi cBfl3r,

xcxoaxr lr3

Toro/

qro

anF Ar3aiHa

rnaBHoe

sce

Ta xe

Bhrpa3xtenbHaF cTopoHa

npeAMeroB. TorAa

paccyxaarcr

raK: rH)KeHep He

peuaer

Bbrpa-

3!1r€nbHbrx

3aaaq,

3Ha,{yr. sro 6yaer

aenarE

xyaoxHxK, 3aAaqq

xe uHxeHepa

QyHKttxoHanbHbre.

Ho 43BecrHo,

qro

ax3at.

Hep

peuraer

SyHKuxoHanbHbre

3aAa'r!1,

l/ rorAa

Au3aiHep

npea-

craer r KaK 6hr xyaoxHrKoM, x KeM-To Bpoae.,qenoBeqecKo-

ro xHxeHepa", Ho

pacnpocrpaHeHHe

rAei liHxeHepNo-nc!4xo-

norMqecKoro x

3proHoMBqecKoro

npoeKTxpoBaHl4F, rae 3aaa-

!rx

peLra,oTcn

HeAu3aiHepcKuMx

cpeAcTBaMu/ 3acraBl4no

cKno-

Hr4ThCF K rOMy,

'rTO

,,qenOBeqeCKaF

kHXeHepuF

3TO He

TaKIM

o6pa3oM, noprper

ahsaiHepa

Bbrpr,4coBbrBaercF no-

qepe3

,,He":

Au3aiHep

He-xyAoxHl4K,

x He-xHxeHep.

He-

,.qenoBeqecKui

|aHxeHep". Ho

yxe

3aecb

o6Hapyxl,rBaercF

yc-

raHoBKa

qenocrHocrb

o6pa3a

au3aiHepa,

prlcyeMoro

qepe3

onpeAeneHre

qenei

ar3aiH.aeFTenbHocTr,4

lrcTonKoBaHue ee

pe3ynbraros.

3ToM ocHoBaHxx

Ka+eapoi 6hrna npeanoxeHa

KOHqenquF

o6yqeHhF

ah3aiHepa,npr3BaHHas

npeoaonerb o6!.

eKrliBHyK)

pa3HonnaHoBocrb

Ah3a;Ha

ycraHoBKo;

Ha ocBoe-

Hl4e MeroaoB npoeKrHoi

AeFTenbHocrh,

npx sroM BoBce He

npeAnonaraercF

cBecru o6pa30BaHlre

Au3aiHepa

npoOeccx-

cHanr,Ho; noAroroBKe,,npoeKrrpoBrquKa Boo6ute", Ho o6y-

qeHre

co6crBeHHo npoeKTHoi

aeFTenbHocrl, AorxHo

crarb

ctepxHeM

noAroroBKl,

Al43a;Hepos,

nocKonbKy cnoco6Ho-

crl4

l,i

3HaH6a

Au3afrHepa

pe3ynhrnpyrorcF

nhtub B

aeFTenb-

Hocrx. Heo6xoaxMocrs

hMeHHo B TaKoi

nocraHoBKe

Aefia

axK-

ryercF

eule l, reM,

qro

pa3Hoo6pa3,4e

o6reKroB

ax3aiHa

npaK-

TuqecK14

Herc,repnaeMo. flo3roMy aKueHT

AonxeH Aenarr,cF

yMeHxe

npoeKTl.poBaTb Bce,

a Ha

ycBoeHre

ocHoB

aeFTenb-

npeacraBnFeMaF

sroi

ocHoBe

Moaenb

BKnrcqaer

pac-

cMorpeH e cy6!eKTuBHo-o6beKTuBHbrx orHoureHui

ax3a;H.

aeRrenbHocrr4,

pa3BeprbrBaHre

3rax

orHorueHxi e npouecce

aeBTerbHocrx.

Ha ocHoBe 3roi Moaenu

BbrFBnarcrca x

apyrue

MeTOAt4qeCKI CyUleCTBeHHbre neAaroruqecKxe

ycTaHoBK14.

oaHa

h3 Ht4x 3aKno,{aeTcF B ToM,

qro

o6yqeH6e

Hql4naM

AeFlenb-

HOCTH HaAO HaqXHaTb KaX MOXHO

paHbure.

lrTo6bl

3HaH4F

l, Ha-

BbtKr,t,

KoToobre

AonxHbr

crarb cpeAcrBoM 3Tot

AefiTenhHoct ,

nonvqan!4

opxeHraqu|o

xapaKrep

aenrenbHocrr.

Bropas

ycraHoBKa

npo6neMHocrh

Aq3aiHa,

nocKonh.

Ky BCFKOe npoeKrupoBaHue

ocyllec-rBtFercR

anE

pa3peLleHuF

KaKoi-nla60

npo6reMbr. OTcrcAa oAHxM

x3 rnaBHbrx BonpocoB/

BO3Hfi

KarcUI,4X npU COCTaBneHr14 nporpaMMbr

O6yqeH'rF npoeK-

TXpOBahUrc,

CTaHOBXTCA COrnaCOBaHXe

npO6neMHOrO

AeF-

TenhHocTHoTo acneKToB,

TpyaHocTb

cotnacoEaHt4F 3aKnrcqaeT-

cf, a roM,

'rro

ana

peueHrF peanbHhrx

npo6neM

Heo6xoal,'lMo

yxe

BnaAerb

HaB6rKaM!r

AearenhHocrr.

Apyaoi

Bo3HrKaloquri

3Aech Eonpoc

cornacoBaHhe

o6!eKTHoro u npo6neMHoro

ac-

neKToa

AearerbHocih,

KBanuOxu,4poBaHHoe

3HaHre o6beKT6

xapaKTep[3yeTcF yMeHreM

BsraenaTh B

HeM

irpooneMBbte

KoMnoHeHTbt.

Ans

3Toro

ygaulfiricF

AonxeH

3Harb, KaKoBbt rt4-

nbr npo6neM

x K6K

oHl,

peuaK,TcF.

HayqhrbcF

peuarb

npo-

6fleMhr

Henb3F 6e3 3HaHrF oco6eHHocrei

o6beKTa, eax<Hbtx c

au3aiHepcKoi

roqKl,

3peH f,. BbtBoabt a3

'tabrcfi

ToM,

qro

npuo6pereHue

HaBbtKoe

AonlKHo

HaqrHarbcF

peLleHuF

npocrbrx

Ara

noHltMaHuF npo6fleM u

BlrAeneHuf,

6onee

npocybrx

4nF

noHrMaHxF

cBF3ei B cropoH o6leKya

Au-

3aiHepcKoro npoeKrupoaaHufl

3aBepua|oqee

reoperxqecKoe

npeAcraBreHue o npoSeccltH

Au3aiHepa

cTyAeHThr CBepaApxl,4

nonyqarcT

l,3

Kypca

.,TeopuF

At13afrHa",

KoropaF, no

y6exaeHurc

Ka$eApbr,

FsnseTcF

ArF

cryaeHra Bbrcr!ei

+opMoli

oBra4eHxF nplaHuunaM

npodeccul,'

u s

ro xe BpeMF

Bhtculei

+opMoi

HayqHoro 3HaHrF

B ocHoBy

Kvpca

,,-|-eopkq

au3aii''J.a"

AnF

cryaeHToB

!V-V

KypcoB

6brna nono)KeHa nporpaMMa, npeaycMorpeHHan

anF

nocrynneHhF

acnqpaHrypy BHrllrT3,

pacuupeHHaF

qacr

B3aqMocaF3I

At'r''3aiHa

Apyru]x

npooeccxi,

3Bonrcqlru corlr4-

anbHo-KynhTypHEtx

Fane{l/'x,

TaKxe

BonpocoB TaKTuKh

alr.

3aiHa, To

ecTb B Tex acneKTax, Koropbte liMercT

npFMoe oTHo-

ueHle

K onpeaeneHr|o

cneqx+xKh

al,i3aiHa

KaK npooeccfil,t,

cooreercreru

c 3tqM

paccMarprBarcTcF

TaKlte reMbr, KaK

,,Au3arH

a nprKnaAHoe

ucKyccrBo",,,npou3seAeHuF

Ar3aiHe-

u xyao>r(HhKa B

npeaMerHoM Mxpe",,,oTHoueHlte

((aBrop-

norpe614Tenb)

3aAaqax xyAoxHll

Ka-KoHcrpyKropa !1 xyAox.

Hu'(a",,,au3aiH, peMecneHHrqecKaa

aeFrenhHocTb",,,Ax3aiH

apxlrreKTvpa"

u r,A. VAB|i./'!A

cnoBaMM,

npoAorxaeTcF

yka-

3aHHaF BblLrJe nnHxn

Ha orMexesaHre

Eu3aitrra

ApyrMx

npo-

6eccri.

OnpeAen14B npo+eccxro

ah3atHepa

ee,

raK

cKa3an,

.,BHeurHxx

cBa3HX", xypc

aaer

on4caHhe 31oi nposecc,fl,

l,r3-

HyTph.

BcKpbrBaeTcn Bce

MHoroo6pa3!1e

o6reKroB

Ax3a;Ha

KaK B

CBF3h c rxnonoruei

npeaMeiHoro Mr,rpa, TaK

oTHo-

tUeHulo

Macura6y o6r,eKra

(Beulb,

xoMnneKc, aHcaM6Ib,

cpeAa)

. B coolBercrBt uc3rt4r./'u

napannenbHo

3ToMy

pl/cyercF

Kapr|4Ha

KoHqenTvansHoro

MHoroo6pa3xF

ax3a;Ha

oaHoi

cTopoHbr,,opraHu3aquoHHbri

ari3a;H",,,au3a;H-nporpaMMr-

poBaH

e",,roranhHhti

au3akH"l,

np.,

capyroi

-Hanpaane-

HuF funa

.ppf-Au3aiH" ,

,,HoH-N

3aiH" h r,n,)

Ha KoHeq, cHoBa

nepexoAF

o606uteHHoMy B3.nsAy

Alt3a;HepcKyrc

npoOec-

cxK,,

Kypc rpaKryer

ar3aiH

KaK

coqxan6Ho-KynbTypHbti

npo-

Uecc,

s KoTopbti

BKnb'{eHbt u Kvn6rypHo,ssonrcqxoHHbre

ac-

neK16r

npeaMerHoro Ml,pa,

u npoqeccbt

craHoBreHrF

Mr,4pe ca_

Moi

Au3a;H-AeFrenLHocTl,r, BKn|oqaF

craHoBneHhe

npo+ecc,ro-

HanbHbtx

cp€acrB

a|43a;He,

onl4cEtsaeMoe

KaK coqxanbH6t;

npoqecc,

craHoBneHxe

rBopgecKoi

uHAlrBt4ayansHocru

au3a;He,

pa,

TBopqecx x np,rHqnnoB

au3aiHepcKoi

rpynnbt, UlKonbt,

TaK'<e

paccMaTp4aaeMhtx

s coqxanbHoM

KoHTeKcTe,

np|aHqxnbr

npoOeccroHanhHo-Teoperx'recKoh

noAroroaKI

AM3a;HepoB

CBepAApxl.4 onlicaHbr BhrL!e, no3roMy He 6yAeM

aanbure 3aaep)KrBarbcn Ha Hei. BaxHo

n14ur6

KoHcTarqposarb,

qro

pe3ynbTale

KaK npaKT,4qecKoi neaarorxqecKot, raK

TeoperhqecKoi

pa6orbt

Ha KadeApe

coopMupoBanacb

AocTa-

TO'rHO

CnOXHaF

COAepxaHh0 MOAenb

At43aiHepCKO;

npo-

Oeccrtl. Aanee

so3HxKaK]r

npo6neMbr crparer4 u

ra,<ru|<4

TpaHcnFql4x

SToi Moaen|, cTyaeHTaM, ee opraHyqecKoro ocBo-

eHUA CrVAeHTaMq,

C to'rK 3peHxF crparerur

3Aecb npexAe

Bcero BcTaeT

BOnpoc

o cneqhanu3aLtx14

B noaroroBKe

aet3aiHepoB.

B nepBoM

pa3aene

HacToBull,tx,,MeroalqecKux MarepMatoB" olqacTln

noKa3aHo,

Kax caMl,l o6!eKrrBHhre

ycnoBqH

ypanbcr<oro

npo.

MblLUneHHOrO perxoHa

I npoLlecc cTaHoaneHuF

ad3aiHepcKoi

tllKonbr

o6ycnoBunu oTKa3

y3Koi

cnequanu3auru BbrnycK-

HrrKoB 1,4 oplleHTaq,1rc

Ha noarotoBKy

cneltranucToB t!lrpoKoTo

npo$un8. Ho

Ha KaOeApe npoMhrruneHHoTo rrcKyccrBa 3To

o6ocHoEbrBaercf,

Apyrl,rM

cneqx+rKoi

cdepbr

o6pa3oBa-

Hl.lF KAK TAKOAO'.

Aeno

B roM,

qro

npaKTuKa npoeKTupoBaHrlf, !r

o6yqeHxe

npoeKruposaHxrc

pasHEre

coepbr

AeHlenhHocTr.

B npaKruKe

Ax3aiHep

qMeey

3Haqr4TenbHoe

pa3Hoo6pa3he

MaTeplanbBo-

npeaMeTHsrx

pe3ynhraTos

npoeKTqpoBaHuF, a B o6yqeH,4n cry-

aeHT

Her3MephMo MeHbuee

pa3Boo6pa3xe

ocBa6eaeMbtx

+opM

AeFrenbHocrr4.

OqeBr.AHo.

,rro

ecn|,, npo6neMa cneuranu-

3aqux Ha3pena s npaKT4Ke,

To aoBce He

o6a3arenbHo.

LrTo6bl

oHg cl,rHxpoHHo

npoFanFnacb

u B ccepe

o6pa3oBaHxa,

np€K-

TUKe

TeHAeHq,lF K Cneqranu3aqhu

ecTh

nonbtTKa

peulxTh

npo-

6neMy KoMnereHTHocru,

KoTopaF Bo3HriKaer scFKu;

pa3,

KaK

TOnbKO npoeKTupoButl,rK

nepexoal4T

oT 3HaKoMhrx o6te(ToB

He3HaKOMElM, HO

Anf,

npoeK

pOBUll/KA,

COAepUeHCTBe

EraAe|oqero

MeToAaMu

peueHrF

npo6neM

npuHqunaM'r

AeF-

renbHocTh,

9To aHanoflttlHo cr,lryaq4

ocsoeHra HoBot

npo6ne-

Mhr. CTano

6htTb,

y3noBbtM

cTaHoBlrrcf,

Bonpoc

He o cnequanr-

33r.Ilrv,

a o

BxoxaeHl,lr

B cneqh+t,Ky roi c+epht, B

KoTopoi

cTy-

AeHT

HaMepeH

pa6oTarb.

Ha;btKu

BxoxAeHnF B

HoBble

npo-

6neM61

AonxHht

npuo6perarhcH

B npoqecce npoeKThpoBaHrB

caMbtx

pa3nhqHbtx

o6aeKToB.

Ha ecex

yKa3aHHbrx

npeacTaBreHhFX

ax3aiHepcKoi

npo-

Oeccur,r

r,r

Ha crparerhqecKoi

ycraHosKe

noaroroEKy npo-

deccxoHana

urpoKoro npoo nF nocrpoeHa

raxr Ka

npodec-

croHan6Hot

noAroToBKh

Ar3aiHepoB

CBepAApxlr, onpeAe-

na|oTcF

no3tanHbre

3aaaql, noafoToaKI.

Uenla

3aAa'rh o6yqeHxs x EocnxraHlrF

An3aiHepoB

B Ha-

hbonee

cxaToM auAe nony'raoT BhtpaxeHre

npoapaMMax

Kypca

,,flpoeKTxpoBaHl,e".

yxe

B nporpaMMe

AnF

cryAeHToB

I Kypca,

cocraBneHHo; B

Haqane 80-x roaos*, npy rnaBHoi

3aaeqe

ocBoeHuf, cTyaeHroM

nepBhrx npooeccuoHanbHbrx npea-

fiaBneHxi

al,t3aiH-AeFTenhHocT,

h nepaoHaqanhHbtx HaBbl-

KOB

npOeKrHOi

pa6oT6r

C CaMOTO

Haqana CraBf,rcf, 6onee nep-

cneKTllBHbte

t eMKIe

3aAaqu, TaK4e, KaK BocnhTaH e a 6yay-

uleM

cneqra'|rrcTe,,Mo6unbHocTt

eto npodeccuoHatbHstx 3Ha'

Hui' v

yueHuh",

ocaoeHxe LrM

.,Hax6onee

o6ulux nprHqrnos

MblLllneHtra

I MeloaoB TBopqecTBa".

3To

o6l4ee HanpaBneH4e

onpeAenser

yxe

6onee KoHKper-

Hbre

neaarorugecKl,4e

3aaaqx. K

qrcny

KoTophtx

oTHocFTcF oc-

BOeHxe

npoeKTHbtx

aeicTBni {npeanpoeKrHbti aHanr3,

nocTa-

HOBKa

npoeKlHbrx

3aaaq,

pa3pa6oTKa

BapraHroB

peLleHhF

r,n,l,

OopMxpoBaH

e crcTeMbt npooecchoHanrHbtx

noHFTui

cnoco6HocTei

,,BHAeTb

qepe3

H14x"

Ae;cTsxrenhHocTb

(Oop-

Ma,

dyHKqr,rF.

reKroHxKa,

gHaK

u np.),

ocBoeHue npoeKrHo;

rpaouKu KaK

cpeacrBa

peuieHrF

npo+ecc

oHanbH6tx 3aaaq

l,1

nepeaaqu xHoopMaqhu,

OAHoBpeMeHHo

qensMx

o6vqeHuF

cracHrcn

qen4

Bocnh-

raHrF,

aocTxxeHue

Korop6tx

cnoco6cTByer

(DopMxposaHrlo

nrqHocT,

cTyaeHTa,

To ecTb cnoco6HocTe;

Boo6paxeHUH,

SaHTa3xr,

sccorluaruBHoro x npocrpaHcT-

seHHoro

MhruneHl4f,,

3pl4Tenr,Horo socnpIFT6H

3putenbHoi

BbrnonHeHuF

aeicrBxi,

rMe|oqrx

o606qeHHbti cM6tcn

(cpaanexrae,

pasnulexue,

aHanu3,

cxHTe3)

;

TsopqecKoTo

|,cnonb3oBaHrrF

3HaHltt

HaBbtKoB

!13

ApVrux

cneqranbHbtx

KypcoB

(KoMno3xtlxti.

p,cyHka,

qepqeHuF,

xfi-

BOnxcu

x T.n,)

caMocroFTerbHoro

noucKa u

ycBoeHdF

npl4eMos

yqe6Hoi

3aAaqx

o6yqeHrF npooecchlr ycnoxHarcTcF

Ha BTopoM To-

noaroToaKlr,

Bropoi roa

opreHrrpyeT

Ha ocBoeHue ?ne,

*nporpaMMa

Kypca,,npoeKTupoBaHUe

l, MoAenrpoBaHre"

{1ri roa o6vqerua)/Cocr.

M,A. So6KoscKss;

CBepAApxl4.

CeepAnoecx,

1982.

MeHTOB

C€MOTO MeTOAA

XyAOXeCTBeHHOTO

KOHCTpyupOBaHltF.

ocHoBy KoToporo,

KaK cgl,tTaeTca

Ha Kadeape. cocTaBnFe.l 9tc-

xyccTao

BnaAeH!rf,

cpeAcrBaMu

npeAMeTHoi KoMno3xrll,4!r,

Oceoeure

ueroAoa

xvAoxec?BeHHoro

KoHcrpynpoBaHuF

noAqllHeHo

nornKe

nocTeneHHoro

vcnoxHeHrf,

cBF3L KoMno-

Shqr,ru npeAMeTBoi

+opMbr

c ee Mopdonorxei:

KoMno3u-

quoHHhtx

nocTpoeHti,

xap6KTep KoTophtx

oTBocrtenbHo

He3a-

BrrcxM

oT npeaMeTHoi

Mopoonorux

(nponarpaouxr,

qaero-

rpaorKr,r

noBepxHocrl,t

o6teMoB)

ocBoeHuf, KoMnoarr-

quoHHbtx

nplleMoBr rnaEHgtM

nphHqrnoM

KoTophtx FBnaeTcF

aKTIBHOe UCnOnh3OBaH4e

Bbtpa3hTenhHhtx

Bo3MoxHocTei

pa3-

BsrX

CTOpOH npeAMeTHOi

MOpoOnOth14

(KOHCTpyKqUh,

QyHK-

qvoHan6Hoao

ycTpoicTBa,

MaTeprrana,

TexHonorrqecKlix 3ne-

MeHTOB)

Hapaay

{opnarapoeaHheM

npaKTrqecKrx

HaBhrKoB,

npo-

rpaMMbl

nepBblx neT

O6y'{eHhF

AonxHbt

BBecTu

cTyAeHTa

B Kpyr BaxHbtx

anF

npooeccrloHanbBoro

an3a;Hepa

3HaHhi

x npeacTaBneHxi,

oopMupoBaH

e !!x raKxe

noaqrlHeHo onpe-

aeneHHoi

norrKe l,

MoxeI 6htTb npeacTaBneHo

cneaylolul,tMl/l

ocHoBqbtMh KoMnoHeHtaMu

npeAcraBneHre

o Hos143He, BHochMor;

A!{3aiHepoM

npea-

MeTHbri Ml4p: oT

HoBrr3Hht KaK

t,lHAl/tAUAyanbHOM

FBneHul4

(ornraurae

Aaaroi

npeaMerHoi

+opM6t

apyrhx,

aHanorhq-

Hbrx

ei)

HoBlr3ltbt, coqhanbHo

ocMBtcneHHoi

(HoBr/3Ha,

BHOCXMaF

AX3AtHepCNr4M

peUeHUeM

CnO)KIBL!IeCB Kynb-

TypHbre

HopMhr, Tpaalrqxhl

;

npeacTaBneHue

o npeaMerHoM

Mxpe KaK

pa3BxBa|oqeMcF:

3Aonrcqru Braa Beqlr

(,,xoeaa"

aeulr,

,,TpaautltioHHaf,"

Berqb,

,,SopMxpyeMaF"

Beqb

x np.)

aBon|oql,n coqlraibHo-

KynbrypHhrx

neneHui

(oeonrcqus

crrnf,. oEontoquf, o6pa3a

xu3H!r)

;

npeacTaBneH!4e

o npeaMeTHoi

cpeae KaK o6teKTe Bo3-

AetcTBlrF

cropoHbr

A,l3aiHepa:

paccMoTpeHnfi

cpeAhl

KAqeCTBe llCTOtrH

Ka CBn3ei, B KOTOpbte BKnoqeH

O6AeKT

r,1 KOTOp6re

OnpeaenFFT

Tpe6oBaHuF K

HeMy,

paCCMoTpe-

HUn npeaMeTBoi

cpeahr B KaqecTBe

o6teKTa

au3aiHepcKoro

npoeKTrpoBaHl,|f,;

noH,lMaHIe

pa3nhqua

npaKTrqecKhx

3aAaq

ar3aiHa:

oT xy-

aoxecTBeHHoro

KoHcrpyr,4poBaHlrF

npoAMeToB, r,tx KoMnneK-

coB

{rAe

o6pa3ioe

peueHlre

BbtcrynaeT

nuuJb oAHoi t13 cTo-

poH

KoMno3rqxoHHoi

opraHr3aqxh npeaMeTHoi

6opMht)

npoeKrr4poBaHha,,o6pa3a

ctfiya|Jy'u",

.p6pa3a

co6strlrF"

(rae

cal,ra npeAuernas

6opMa

Ebrcrynaer

oAHxM

MHoxecr-

BA BO3MOXHbTX

HOCHTerlefr O6p63a).

TaKoBbr

neAarorl,qecKue

qenla

3aAa']d, coopMynupoBaH-

Hbre

anF

nepBbrx

aByx

neT

o6yqeHrH E

o6qeM

Brr4e. KaK

Mbr

yB|'/AU'l!,|

HU)t<e. OHr4 OpraHIqHO BKnrcqarcTCf,

qenOCTHyrc

cTpyKrypy

noaroroBKrl

au3atHepoB,

cTpoFUlytocF

yxe

Ha oc-

HOBaHTX

O6qerO CTpaTef hqeckoTo

3aMbtcna noatoToBXr.

BOCnnTATEfl

bHbtE

3AAA'{14

nOATOTOBKE

AU3ATHEPOB

BocnurarenbHaf,

npo6neMa

3aBlrMaer

oco6oe Mecro B Meroal,t-

yLre6Hoi

pa6oTbr

Ka+eApbr

npoMucKyccTBa

CBepAApxrl.

flpl,

3roM

oHa

npro6peraer

pa3Hbre

orreHKn I

3aB cr4Mocrr,r or

TOrO,

rAe U nOA KaKUM

yrnoM

CTaB!IiCF. TaK, B nporpaMMax

no Kypcy

,,npoeKTnpoBaH[e"

apyrux

nporpaMMax,

pa3pa-

6oraHHhrx

Kaoeapoi.

cyqecrEeHHa opreHTaqrs

n[BHocrb

*CM.,

H6nprMep: Pa6oqaF

nporpaMMa r rexHoiorrqecKan

Kapra

y'teoHoMy

Kypcy,,npoeKTupoBaHre".

CneqxarbHocrb

2230,,nporr,rrrrunexxoe

xcKvccrBo"/Coqr.

B.H. nnbturoBcKxi.

CB€pAApxl,l.

C8epanoBcK, 1982,

CTVAC::Ta,

Ha AOCnUTaHqe

elo KaK TBOpqecKoi

!lHAl,latayanhHo-

cru, a

He KaK

,,KoMnneKca

|nHclpyMeHraphF",pl4cyeMoro

.rl4'

noBhrM

nposeccxorpa+tqecKuM ontcaHxeM

MrHBy3a. npaKTl,-

qecKlr

BcF

pa6ora

npenoAaBarenei

KaSeApbl

HaflpaBneHa

TaKas

uenb

o6ocHoBaHa

,t taeororxqecKq

B Tex acneK'

rax MoAenll cneqxanHcrd,

Koropbre

KacaloTcF

KaK

pa3

npo6ne'

Mbl xH4r4BhAyanbHoao

B rsopqecIBe

ax3aiHepa: ,,3HaHuE

u Ha'

6brK!,1,

ycBoeHHbte

cryaeHloM

oTHouleHxfi

o6!eKTa,

Bblcryna-

rcT He TOnhXO XaK O6tqe3HaqUMbre,

T.e. Hecyql4e

ce6e

KaqecT'

npooeccxoHanbHoi

unx

Apyro;

KYnbryphl,

Ho x

npoH143a8hl

cy6reKTtrBHoi o6pa3Hocrblo,

B Koropoi

oTpaxeHa

l4HAl4Bl4ay'

anSHaF

cnoco6Hocrb

crvaeHTa

pacn03HaBarb

B o6leKTe

Hyx-

Hhre

KaqecrBa 14 opraHll3oBarb

oTHocxrenbHo

Hero cBox

aei-

crBr4F,..

KaK noKa3an aHarlu3

yLre6Hbrx

cxryaqbi/

ycBoeHt4e

MeroAa

peureHlrfl

npodeccuoHanr,Hblr

3aAa'r

urpaer

saxHyro

ponb

+opMl,4poBaHu!,

clyaeHroB

rBopqecKoro

B14aeHuF

Mxpa, r.e. npoHu3aHHoro

onpeAeneHHoi

MxpoBo33peHqecKot

n MeroaonorMqecKo;

no3uqueri KaK co6crseHHot

n Bo3Mox'

HOCTFMh AKTMBHO

Brl4BTb Ha

npoqecchl Ml,4pa

roxe KaK co6cT-

BeHHbTMX SO3MO)l{HOCTnML4"+.

noxanVi, Hau6onee nBcrBeHHo

rBop'{ecKaa cy6bel<rxB'

HOCrh CryaeHra

no orHoueHuK)

K o6leKry

BhlcrynaeI

reMe

xvpcoabrx npoeKToB

,,cxcreMHaF

urpyuKa" o

Bocnrrarens'

Hoi

ponx

3roi TeMbr

no orHotueHxrc

norpe6lrYenD cKa3aHo

a coorBeTcrByrcLlei

rnaae HacToFUlvx,,MeroahqecKr4x

Mare'

pranoa".

3aecb orMerxM

apyroe

ee BocnlrrarenbHyro

pons

no oTHouleHrl() K cTy4eHTaM,

flererorqqecKaF

no3ruuF no orHoLleHxrc

K 3Toi

TeMe

cxaToM Bxae c6opMYnupoBaHa onFTb.raKu

B nporpaMMe

Kyp-

npoeKrHpoBaHuF:,,ocsoeH/e

npxH.lrfloB npoeKrxpoBoqHoi

aeFrenbHocrll

Ha HalranbHoM 3rane

rpe6ver

Bhl6opa

xopoulo

3HaKOMOTO 9r r,4HTepeCHoTO O6!eKTa,,.

TeMa,,C

cTeMHaF

!rr_

pyuKa"

no3Bonner cryaeHlaM

Ha 6a3e

xopoulo

3HaKoMoro

npeaMera, xcnonb3yF

KoMnnexc

3HaHlri,

nony'{eHHbrx

143 cne'

quanbHoi

nltrepaTypbr, x aHan|,t3 coBpeMeHHoro

cocTof,HxF

norpe6neHrq r-pyurKh,

nocrpolrrb caMocroFrenbHvto al43ai_

HepcKy|o KoHqenuuro

anF

peueHxF

fipo6neMHo;

ryaqqu.

flpo6neMHaF

crivaqx6

cBoro

oqepeAb co3Aaer

Heo6xoAlrMbre

MOTMEEI AEf,

TENbHOCTM,,*',

HoAeno He rotbKo B o6utd

ycraHoBKe Ha BocnuraH[e

cryaeHTa

cnoco6HocTh Bblpa6aT6lBaTb

caMocToarenhHVlo

KoHuenuulo,

Aeno

s xapaKTepe o6teKTa.

AeTcKaf,

trrpyruKa

KaK Tun

BeLUu

He CBf,3aHa XeCrKl4Ml,

+yH

KqIonaflhHbt

rpe'

6osaHvaMx,

x xMeHHo no3ToMV TpaAtltll,toHHo

cqrraracb

06!-

eKroM xyaoxecrBeHHoro

rBop'recrBa,

Ho xyaoxrluKy

FBHo

He cnpaaxTbca c ul4poKuM

KpvroM

3HageHui

xrpyLr.lKlr

corlIaIbHbrx, KvnhTypHElx,

Bocnl,laYenbHbtx,

ncelxonorrqec-

cKxx, o6pa3oBarenbHbrx/

Mea!1Ko{lpoO

naKrxqecKhx,

r€pa'

neBTlr'tecKqx

l, T,n. c 3TrrM

KoMnneKCOM CnOCO6eH

CnpaBtlrb-

Arr3aiHep.

caM

xapaKTep

KoMnneKca,

ero

Mrioroo6pa-

3ve

a rny6uHa, ero o6YcnoBneHHocrb

cnoxHeiurei

npo6neMa'

r Ko;

aeTcTBa

npeacTaBnf,|oT

aH3aiHepy

6cKnrcqtTenbHo

cEo-

6oanbri

,,pacKosaHHbri"

Marepran

anF

TBopqecKoro

oc_

MhfcneH4F,

anF

Bbrpa6olKl,l

xMeHHo

nrqHoTo,

UHAUBIAAy'

anbHoro

orHoLlleHxF

K o6aeKTy,

B 3roi reMe

no[crt4He

Her

*nndwescKut

8,H., BEsHuKosa

E,A., 6o6KoecKae M'A.,

uo66e 8.r.

flpo$ranrapyoruoa

noaroroBKa,

ee Mecro

o6y'{e-

HAu

ausaiAHepoB

(rveroaonorraqec<rae

eonpochr) //orqer

o Hayq'

HO.r,rccneaoBaTenbcKoi

pa6ore,,Pa3pa6orKa

MeroalrKl/ onpeae-

neBhH coaepxaHrF

x nocneaosarenbHocrt{

lr3yqeHrF

Yqe6Horo

Mareprana no cneqqanbHoc

sy3a". N0 rP

018250014421

cBepaApxly'. CBepanoBcK,

1985.

12,

14.

r*nporpaMMa

kypca

,,npoeKr

posaHxe"

reMe

.,CucreM-

Hac trpytUKa".

CneqranbHocrb

2230,.npoMhrLlJreHHoe

ucKyccr'

Bo"/Cocr.

Lf. ,1od6e. CsepAApxt4.

CBepanoBcK.

1981.

KOHqa

pa3Hoo6p63l4K)

TaKUX OTHOLleHht,

a 3HaqXT,

peule'

Ht/ti.

KpoMe

roro. caM for Marepra'l

aateHre

hcKnloqr'

-renbHo

roBKoe

rennoe,

oco6oi

qenoBe'lecKoi

'rl,lclorbl

acHocTr{,

3Tu kaqecTBa o6leKTa

no3BonFtoT ncnorh3oBaTb

eTo He Ton6Ko

anF

o6ecneqeH4n

qficTo

hrpoBblx

OyHKltl,4i,

Hol,

ans

ne,reHuF 6onbHhrx

aerei.

Bce

3rx

o6croFTenbcrBa,

6e3ycnoBHo,

xrpaloT 6onbuyK,

BocnxrarenbHylo

ponb

no orHorlleHurc

K crYAeHraM,

6yKBanb'

HO nponxTbtBaF hx ryBcTBoM

ryMaHHocTr, aHTponoqeHTpx3Ma,

r,i,

s ro xe apeMF,

oHr4 Tpe6ybr oco6oro

raKra B oTHoueHrl/l

K Cronh xpynKoMy

noTpe6!1renE,

KaK

aeru,

x ocoboro

xyao'

xecTaeHHoTo

aKyca.

TaK BbtFBnFercF cyqecrBeHHoe 3HaqeHhe

reMarxKl4

xrpyLll'

oeanx3aqru

neaarorxqecKoi

ycTaHoBKx

Ha BocnuraHlle

TBOpqecKoi

nt'tHocTr4,

cnoco6Hoi

xHA|4sl4ayanbHo,

nxqHocTHo

rpaxloBaTb

o6leKr

a[3a;Ha,

npeapau]aF eTo

B Beqh, a

ar3aiHepcKoe

npor3BeaeHre,

anF

3roro HyxeH

nepesoa o6-beKra

u3 nnaHa coAepxa'

HuF B

nnaB BbrpaxeHxF. 1,4 urpoBhre

KoMnneKcsl,

o6naaaF

yHx-

KarbHo; cnoco6Hocrbto otpa*ar"no*pyxutou.ll,li

Ml,1p

B cneqx'

OHqecxo; 6opMe,

aa|or

MaKcxManhHori

creneHu

la npeacraB'

neHue o Bhrpa3!rTenbHocrr4

KaK o

KOHKpeTHOi

sopMe

'Aeono'

rxqecKoi1

l,r

KynbrypHoi

KoMMyHxKaqxtt,

no6vxaarculei

not-

pe6xrenF K

onpeAeneHHhrM

3Molll4oHanbHhlM

pea(urFM

npoaonxaF

3Ty nuHuro, npenoaaBareflln

Kadeapbr cBoeo6'

pa3Ho

noaxoaFr

K TpaKroBKe

KoMno3ur.lr.l4

CBoeo6pa3[e

3YO 3aKnrcqaercf,

s nonbrrKe

pacKpblrb

cryaeHTaM 3HaKOByrO

cyulHocrb

KoMno3rrlr,ru.

Haqano 3roMv 3aKnaablBaercF

yxe

neoBoi craavx

o6v,reHuF,

rae MeroavKa

npenoaaBaHrR

ocHoB

npoeKTupoBaHuF npeanonaraeT

x3vqeHqe TaKxx,

HanprMep,

TeM,

KaK,,3HaK

MarepuanhHo'TexHrqecKoro

xapaKTepa",

,,3HaKoBaF

xapaKTephcrl4Ka cpeabr

KaK coephr

OyHKqroHx-

poBaHhF

npoeKTMpyeMofo

npeaMera" c

nocneAyrcuei

YeMOi

,,14cnonb3oBaHlae

npxeMos

KoMno3uquoHHoro

Oop#oo6pa30-

BaH91F

KaK CpeACTBa CO3AaHTF

A6rpa3hTenhHoi 60pMbl'"

npoeKrrpoBaHxe

Kypce npecneayer

raKMe

xe saaa-

,rr.

HanpxMep,

pa3pa6oraHHoi

Koraa-To,,Pa6oqei

nporpaM'

Me" no Kypcy

npoeKrupoBaHqa

yKa3brBanocs,

'{To

,,Marepua_

noM

yqe6Horo

npoeKTupoEaHrF

cnyr(aT o6leKTbl,

Koropbre

Cxny oco6eHHocYei

{x Mopoonorhh

qacro

l4cnonb3yrorcF

B KaqecTBe Hocl,4Tenei

B!l3yanbHblx

reKcToB, o6naaa|ouxx

cBoei caMocroarenbHoi

cM6tcnoBo;

KoMno3xuLoHHot

TaKosa

crparerMqecKaF

nliHlra nocneaoaaretbHoro

Boc-

nhraHxF rBop'{ecKoi nht{Bocrh, oHa

noaaepxuBaerca B

req€-

she scero nephoaa o6yqeHrB

Kade4po;

prcyHxa.

Ho crpa'

TeruF o6y'reH,rF

npeanonaraer

peLleHue u

apyrxx,

B ToM

qll'

cne opTaH[3auroHHbtx

BonpocoB, aKirBHo o6cyxAaeMhlx

KaOeape flpoMr,rLl']neHHoro

uckyccrBa. noKa3arenbHo

oco6oe

BHUMAHUe npenOAasarenei Kacbeapbr

K sonpocaM cTpyKrypbl

npodeccroHanbHoi noAroYoaKn

Al43aiHepos,

B Koropoi

oHt4

ycMarpoBaor

tle TotrbKo

rnaBHSte nprlHllunbl LlJKonbl,

tlo

ocHoBHbre acneKrsr

ar,r3aiHepcKoi

npooeccfi t4,

CTPYKTYPA

COAEPXAH14E

nPooEccl4oHAnbHofi

no[roroBK14

OaHa v3 Bax8brx 3aaaq

neaarorhqecKoro

KonteKirBa

no-

doBHHafi

pafoTa

no onruMl43aqlrH crpYKTyp6r

nposeccxo-

HarsHOi nOIlrOrOBkl,

AM3aiHepa.

ECnX CTpykrypa

yaaqHa, To

{Pa6otraF

nooroaMMa

u rexHonor,{qecKaF

Kapra

yqe6Ho'

My Kypcy,,npoexl,4poBaiue"/CsepaApxl,l.

CsepAnoBcK,

1973

crcTeMa

noafoToaK,

hpuo6peEeT

pf,a

cBoicTs,

r,t3

KOTOOb|X

caMbtMx

qeHHbtM14

aBnFrctcs

creaykrlrtxe

roqHocTb

oTpaxeHrF

cyTx

4r3aiHepckoi npooeccxn;

qerocTHocTh

nonHora

nposeccroHanbHoi

noaroToBKu;

rx6KocTb

{npxcnoco6naeMocrb

K l,t3Me8qrBhtM

noTpe6Ho_

CTFM

NPAKTUKl,rJ

;

ycroitll4BocrE

(cnoco6socru

coxpaHFrb

KagecrBeHHoe

cBo_

eo6pa3're

npla

3Ha,{xren6Hbtx

Baphaq}rFx).

3Tla

ceoicrea

recHo

csF3aHbt.

no3roMy

nhtraFcg.

Hanpr_

Mep,

cAenarh

u:xony

(oco6enxo

3ro

BaxHo

np!!

ur,jpoKonoo_

OxnbHoi

noAroroBKe)

cnoco68oi

nprcnoca6n!{Barbca

Me_

HaroUlhMcF

ycroBhsM,

Mbt

aonxHht

nepsyro

o,repea6

avMaT6

o norcKe

ee ycroi'tr4Boi

cTpyKrypsr

nHaqe

sMecTo

rroKo,

Mbr nonyquM

pa3pyuja|oqylocF

yqe6Hyrc

cucreMy.

Apyroi

cropoHht,

crpyKrypa

ycToiqxsa.

ecn{

Hei BepHo

oTpaxeHa

cyrb

ceroAHFrlHltx

B3TnFAOB

AV3aiH k

ecnu

oHa np4Br4_

BaeT

6yAyutxM

Al43a;HepaM

Heo6xoanMy|o

norHoTy

qenocT-

HocTb

npeAcraBreHxi

o npodeccxx,

TecHaa

cBa3b

raKo;

crpyKrypbr

c xn3Hbro

Boace

Be o3Ha_

qaer,

qro

Hei

Haao

ayMars

nuujb

rorAa,

Koraa

3roro roe6v-

xx3Hb. Heo6opoT,

Heo6ro4t4Mo

onepexaT6

raKyrc

noTpe6_

socrb

r/ BpeMF

BpeMeHU

npoBepFrb

cTpyKTypy

Ha Bbr)t(MBa_

eMo6b,

npealaBnFs

Heli

palntqHbte

Tpe6osaHUF.

Oeanb_

Hot

Aer;crBrrenbHocrx

3TU

Tpe6oBaHrF

MoryT

oKa3aTbcR

He-

o)KraaHHhtMX,

O48aKO

np6Htll4ne

BcerAa

3apaHee

r38ecTeH

o6u.!ki

,]anax'"

MOXeT

6btTb E6tBeaeH

x3 ocooeHHocTei

caMoi

cTpyr<Typbt.

CaMa

raKaF

Bo3MoxHocTb

npeAcraBnF-

eTcF

MeroaonorrqecKrl

saxHoi,

nogTOMy

paccMoTpr,tM

6onee

no4po6Ho

+aKTopht,

r(orophte

onpeaeflFor

cTpyKrypy

co-

aepxaHue npooeccroHansHoi

noaroroBK,

au3a;HepoB.

oaxroptr,

onpeaensrcu.ue

crpyKrypy

ccraepxaHue

npolpaMMbt

nonroToBkl,t

an3afi

Hepos

CrpyKrypa

npo+eccuoHanbHoi

noa.orosKH

cKnaabrBaercR

3Bonrcqr,4oHHo

noA

BogAeicrBxeM

MHorKecrBa

rpy4Ho

Vqxrbt,

BaeMbtx

SaKropoB,

npereHAys

cTporocrh

1,4 DonHorv.

nepeqxcnrM

fl14L!b

SeKOTOpbte

Tpvnnbtl

o6utxe

Tpe6oBaHfiF

K BhtnycKHxKaM (x

npodeccrao_

HanbHhtM

3HaHrFM,

yMeHxFM,

nrqHbtM

xaqecreatM)

cro-

poHtr

npaKYhKh;

KOHKpeTHbre

rpe6oBaHrs

K BbrnycKHllKy

Mecre

ero

6v.

Aylqei

paooTbt

3aBucxMocrl4

oT csoeo6pa3rF

oTpacn

op_

raHu3aq!/'v

f.n.;

anuFHre

npooeccroHanbHoi

cpeabt

Ha urKony.

Heo6xoax_

Mocrb

xrrr!

TaKT

co BpeMeHeM

pycne

cospeMeHHo;

npo_

6eccxoHanbHoi

Kynbrypbr;

BHyTpeHHFB

xaApoBaF

c{ryaqrF

(cBoeo6pa3xe

cocraBa

npenoAaBaTenei,

KoMneTeHrHOCrb

au3aiHe, neaafofu_

,lecKre

no3rqlau]

;

opraH9'3auxoHHbte

npoqeccht

BHyTpx

u.:r<onsr

{cnrnHre,

pa3AeneHre

KaQeAp,

6axynbreTos,

na6oparopui

r.n.)

;

npllHr.lunbt

nnaHhpoBaH

F l/ pacnpeAeneH4F

o6leMa

vqe6_

Hoi

pa6orht.

3T|n

Apyrne

SaKTopht

AeicrByror rHrerpanEHo

3aaarcT

nponopqlrrc

yqe6Hbtx

ArctlunnrrH, r43y,laeMbtx

hpo6neM.

r.e,

crpyKrypy

npo6eccr,roxansnoi

noaroroBKl,l,

HeBo3MO)r(Ho

npeAcKa3atb,

KaKoi

oKaxeTca

crpyKrypa

noA

Bo3Ae[crBueM

3TUX

6aKTOpOB, HO aceraa

MoxHo

3Hatb

TeHAeHqhu

6ooMx_

poeaxua.

llanprauep,

nprroK

r!Kony

npeno4asarene,

c 6onb_

ur4M

neaaToTt

qecKhM

onbtToM

14 l,4FtbtM,

qeM

urKortat,

a3rna_

aoM

ar3aliH seaer,

KaK

npaBrno,

K norBneHrrc

HoBofi

npo_

onel./'aruKy.,

co34aHrK)

HoBhrx yqe6Hbrx

KypcoB

{,,no4

npe-

noAaearena")

yxecroqeHre

rpe6oBaHrx

B6rnycKHxKaM

Be-

aer

paccroeHro

npooeccul4

cneqranh3aq,iq,

pocry

npo_

Srnupyroufei

noAroToBK,|.

HeKorop6re

grlax

dEKTopoE

(na

ra<rae,

uanpnMep,

KaK

o6u{re

rpe6oBaHuF

abrnycKFrKaM,

BHeuHFF

npo+ec-

clloHanbHaF

cpeAa,

sHyrpeHHFs

xaapoean

crrvaqrs)

uxona

pearxpyeT

u3MeHeHreM

COAepXaHqB

npooecc4oHanbHoi

nor.

TOTOAK4,

3TO

COAepxaHxe

HeorphtsHo

oT crpyKrvpht

npo6ec_

cxoHanbHoi

no4roroBKl,l:

rosopF

crpyKType,

M6t

aoflxHbt

pacKphtrh

coAepxaHre

noAroroBxx

cryneHFM yqe6st,

roBopn

o co4epxaHrh,

Mbt

EbrHyxaeHbt

noapa3aenFrb

ero B

cooTBeTCTBrr

C nprHqunaMrj

cTpyKrypb,.

CoAepxaHue

npooeccroHanhHo;

noaroroaK,

ypanbcKoi

ulKone

a43atHa

ero

ceroaHFL!HeM

Brae

cKnaahrBanocb

B Te-

qeHre

nphMepHo

narHaAqarx

ner.

O6 aroM

nyrla

MoxHo

cyAnrb

TeM

nposeccroHanbHo-neaaTorutlecKrM

KOHqenqrFM,

KOrO-

pbrMn

uJKofla

,,nepe6onena,,

gror

neproA.

nepe,tucnxM

nlt

ur6

(bopMynrpoBKh

3rrx

KoHqenqhi,

06ulee

npeAcTaBneHxe

o6 yqe6HoM

npoeKTrlpoBaHhU

KaK

qDeHrrh

npo+ecchosanbHy|o

noaroToBKy

cTyneHu

o6reKTHoMy

rn,

AeFrenbHocTHoMy

npt,HUuny

(HaqanO

7O.x

roaos)

;

KaKoi

nprHtlun

npeo6naaaer

nocTaHoBKe

yqe6HoFo

npo_

eKr4poBaHrF

pa3Hbtx

}(ypcax

npo6neMHo

opxeHrxpoBaH-

Hh14

xnh

npeAMerlo

opxeHTrpoBaHH!ri (cepeAuxa

70.x

ro4oa)

;

KaK

opraHl,l30Barb

yqe6Hbti

Kypc

,,npoeKTupoBaHre,,

norhKe

npoeKTgtpoBaHrF

vnu

o6yqeHua

{Haqano 7O-x

roaoa)

;

qro

l,i3y'larb

Bnepea

npeAMer

a!r3airHa l4nu

Meroa

Aa3aina

(cepeArHa

7O-x

roAoB)

;

9eTo

Ha'{rHayb

I3yqeH(e

xyaoxecTBeHHOrO

KOHCTpyhpo_

BaHUF

c nponeaeBTuKX

XnX

XyaOXecTBeHHOTO

KOHCTOVT,4-

posarua

(xaqano

70-x

roeoe)

;

qro

AonxHbr

,3yqarb

cryAeHTbt

B yqe6HoM

npoeKrrooBa_

Hnr4

Meroah,

npoeKrrpoBaHhF

t4",

eepe3

nph3Mv

nOOeKTr_

poBaHuF,

Mero4Bt

/ixga;Ha

{cepeArHa

g0_x

roAoB)

;

qTo

AonxHo cnyxuTb

rnaBHbtM

npeaMetoM

vByl'eHnl

AU-

3a;H

xnx

xyAoxecrBeHHoe

KoHcrpyhpoBaHre

{cepeaxHa 7O-x

roaoe).

CpeAcrsa

4u3aiHa k npeAMeT

4x3aiHa:

qero

Haqarb

u3yqeHrre

KoMno3hr.lun

c a6crpakrHoi

KoM.

no3uq{r

nh c

npeAMerHoi (nepBas

nonoBhHa

7O.x

roaos);

qro

BaxHee

Ah3aiHe

cpeAcrBa

KoMno3rqh

u unu

o6pa3-

HBre

cpeAcrBa

{BTopaF nonoBxHa

7O-x

cepearaxa

go_x

ro4oe)

;

KaK

paccMarprBaercR

,lenoBek

al43a;He

KaK

,,qenoBe.

qecKrt

OaKTop',

qnx

KaK

nxqHocrb

(BTopaF

nonoBxHa

7Gx

nepBaF

nonoBuHa

80-x roAoB)

CrcreMHbte

npuHqxn6r

ar43aiHe:

chcreMHbte

o6reKT6t

B yqe6HoM

xyaoxecrBeHHoM

KoHc_

pyupoBaHhr

(cepeAxHa

70-x

roAoB)

;

3Bonrou6oHHbrrl

B3rnFA

npeAMer

Au3aiHepcKoro

nDoeK,

rxpoBaH14F

{BTopaF noroBuHa

7O-x

cepear,rxa

go-x

roaos)

;

,,LrryqHocrb" r4rr,t

,,crcreMHocrr,,,

4ngaiHe

(xaqano

g0,x

roaoa)

;

,.KoMnneKcHoe, y'te6Hoe

npoeKTrpoBaHhe

(BropaF

noro_

auHa

80-x

roaoB)

apx,4TeKrypHo.a43a;HepcKoe

vqe6Hoe

{cepe4rHa

70-x

ro4oB),.

,,npeAMerHo-npocrpaHcrBeHHaF,,

rnr,,KynbrypHaf,

cpeAa

(eropan

nonosuaa

70-x

cepearHa

go_x

roaoBJ

;

npoayKT

ax3aiHa

KaK

3neMeHT

apxrrTeKrypHo-npoc_rpaHcT_

BeHHoro

aHcaM6nR

(nepaaF

nonosuHa

go-x

roaoe)

Yqe6Ho-araakrxqecKxe

npo6neMbr

3MnxpnqecKui

un,

TeoperrqecKui

noAxoa

opraHr3auuu

npodeccuoHarbHoi

noAroroeKla (Bce

roabr)

;

,,ot

reopul4

K npakTuKe.,

l4rl,

,,or

npaKTuKx

K Teoprr,,

{BropaF

nonoBrHa

7O-x

Haqano

g0.x

roqoe)

;

,,3Moq6oHanbHo.yBne'<aprllv1i'',

unh,,npnHyaxrenbHo_ar,t_

AaKTH{ecKxi"

nphHq

npooeccuoHanbHo;

noAroroexIa

(ceoe_

AqBa

80-x

roAoB)

x3y,reHHe Teopuu

ati3a;Ha

paMKax

npo(beccxoHanbHoro

Kypca

|4n|,

Ha cneqhanbHblx

neKu,lFx

{KoHeLl

7O-x

nepBaa

nonoBuHa 8O-x

roaoB)

OpraHxsa(roHHo-Meloau'{ecKhe

Bonpocbl I

|(aK

pa6orarh

Haa

npoeKroM

rpynnaM,

Hnl, caMocroa-

renbHo

(cepeAr4Ha

7O-x

cepe4r4Ha

80-x roAoB)

;

KaK cryAeHry

ny'luJe

c oaHl/M

|4 reM xe

npenoaaBareneM

BCe roah|l,nx Kaxahri roa

c HoBblMx

npenoaaBarenFMx

(nep'

BaF nonoBhHa

7O-x

BroDaF nonoB|nHa

80-x

roaoB)

;

qeM

nyqure cfleqlaanx3upoBarbcF

npenoAaBaTenro

ac-

neKre' hnu,,cryneH!"

npooeccrloHanbHoi

noaroroBKr'i

cry'

aeHTa

(Te

roAbr) .

SonbuuHcrBo

nepeqxcneHHbtx

BonpocoB c6opMYnupoBaHo

3Aecb npo6neMHo,

anbTepHarxsHo,

Ho Ha npaKT,4Ke

BcerAa

hc_

<ar ac6

He o4Ha

anbTepHaruBa,

llx Mepa,

npu Koropoi

nef'le

BCero BBecrx cryaeHra

a cyrb

npo6ecchl,4.

CrpyKTypa

npo$ecclroHanbHot

noaroroBKll

Ka+eApe npoMbrlxteHHoro

rlcKyccTBa

CaMoe nepBoe crpyKrypHoe

orHoLxeHMe,

nexaulee

B ocHoBe

flpo$eccxoHanhHoii

noAroTosKl4,

acxoAt

r t^3

s3rnFAa Ha

46-

3aiH

KaK Ha oco6yrc

aeFrenEHocrb,

uMercu]Vrc cBoi oco6bli

npeaMer x Meroa. c60pNrynxpoBaHHble

Bblllle

neaaTorllqecKxe

3aaaq[

npecneayrcr

qenb

h3YqeH F

ocHoeHofo

MeToaa

flpo-

MslUreHHoro

ay'3ai'ra

xyaoxec-rBeHHoro

KoHcrpvxpoBa-

HiF

Ha ocHoBe

npear>FBneHrlF cryAeHTy

npeaMeTa

an3atHa

(nocrconsxV

MnaatUexypcHl/ KaM cneql,aSrKa ax3aiHa

Bx4xrcF

uMeHFro B

ero

npe4rraere) .l,4HhrMx

cnoBaMx,

BHaqane MeToA

Bbrcrynaer BeaVqei cropoHoi

B opraHr43aqx|a

y're6Hoi

aeF-

aanbHeir!eM

xoae o6yqeHxF

oiHottleHele

MexAy

MeroAoM

|,1 npeaMeroM

KaK 6hr

nepeBopa'rhBaercF.

Tenepb

cryAeHr

nonb-

3yercF

HaBhrKaMr

xyaoxecTBeHHofo

KoHcTpyxpoBaHllF

KaK

cpeacrBoM

npoHtlKHyrb

B rny6xHhl

npeaMera

nposeccuh.

cneaypuee

crpyKrypHoe

qneHeHre

onpeaenFercF

yxe B

o6nacru npeAMera

ax3aiHa, UeHrpanhHoi

3aecb

oKa3brBaercF

npo6neMa

nh'aHocrh. OaKYuqecKx

3Ta

npo6neMa 3acraBnBer

Ah3aiHepa

e Kaxaoi KoHKperHoi

curyaqhln

Haxoar4rb

MepYi

B KaKoi nx.rHocrb

qenoBeKa (norpe6

renF)

AonxHa

pacKpbr_

BalbcF

qepe3

o6pa3Hocrb

npeaMerHo14

SopMsl,

MnaAUeKypcHxKaM

au3aiH

npeacraBnFercF

B ocHoBHoM

Kax IHcrpyMeHr

vAoBnerBopeH!{F

fiuqBbrx

norpe6Hocrei

(,e_

noBeKa K

crapurrM

t(ypcaM

cKnaAblBaercF

npor'leononox_

Hoe

np€acrasneHLae o

ala3aiHe

KaK cpeaciBe,

noMorarcL{eM

SopMupoBarr

nra,rHocrE..

Eqe oaHo crpvKrypHoe

qneHeHlie

x toxe s

pycne

npeaMera

Au3aiHa

nepexoa

HoBoMy, KaK 6hr

6onee,,o6urecrBeHHoMy

noHxMaBlllo filngHocTu rlgqHocrh s LTore npeacraer

He KaK

cy6leKr

c ero

norpe6HocrFMx x

ycraHoBKaMt,

KaK Kytrbry_

c ee MupoBo33peHqecKo;

floaonneKoi. 3Ta cMeHa

npoqc.

xoar4i B seceHHxt ceMecrp rperbero

roaa

Koraa cryAeHT

nepexolxr

or TrnrqHo aocnu larenbHbrx

jaAaq

au3aiF,a

3aaa'

qaM

OopMnpoBaHrs

Kynbrypbr

LreroBeKa,

o6pa3a xu3H!4.

AnF

Ax3a;Hepa

npo6neMa n

qHocrH

t4Meer cBor'1

runonorfi-

qecKre

pa3n14quF, |4 oHH HaxoaFr orpaxeHue

s crpyKrype

o6y-

qeHhfl.

TaK,

rperbeM

Kypce

(seceHHBi

ceMecrp)

cryaeHrbl

HaqrHanr c rex xl,|3HeHHbrx

cl,iryaqqi,

rae

nuqHocTs

xrpaeT on_

peaenf,rouryn

ponb

(xxnhure).

qetBeproM

Kypce

H3yqarcr_

nporrBonotoxHbre

d{ryalluu,

fae npo6neMa

nM'{HOcru ecfix

Bo3Hl,4Kaer, ro o'reqh

noAqrHeHHo

(npouseoAcreeunute

npo-

qeccbr

h o6opyAoBaHxe)

, 3a 3T M

cneayer cryneHb,

rae

npo_

6neMa

nr'rHocrr,1 KaK raKoaaF Boo6Lqe

ycrynaer Mecro

apyroi

npo6neMe

npeAMerHoi cpeabt

KaK

,,nnqa

o6uecrBa' {060_

pyAoBaHue

o6LitecrBeHHbrx

3oH

l,{ 14HrepbepoB,

ynru

r.n-)

KoHe,rHo, 3ra npo6neMa

KaK-ro

peLlanacb

h Ha npeablayrlll,lx

crvneHnx, rio Bxaenacb oHa raM

ocHoBHoM

qepe3

npx3My nHq_

HOCiHbrx

uHTepecoB

qenoBeKa

x no3roMy 6onbue

l.Mena npaBo

da3brBaTbca npo6neMo;,,o6uecTBeHHoro

nuqa

qenoBeKa',l

TenepE

oxapaKrepx3yeM

apyryo

cropoHy

ntro4eccuoHanE-

Hofi

noAroTosr<u, KacarcqyocF

Meroaa

ax3aiHa,

KaK

yxe

ro-

Bop,noch, Ha MnaauMX

Kypcax cryaeHra BBoaar

B MeToa

xy_

aoxecTBeHHo.o

KoHcrpyl4poBaHua.

cTapu

x t<ypcax,

KOrAa rnv6qHa

npoHrKHoBeH!rF

cnoxHbre

npo6neMhl

ax3ai-

Ha BO MHOTOM 3aAUCl4T

TOrO,

HaCKOnbKO

CTVAeHT

XOpOtllO

3HAer npoqeccbr

npeaMerHo.o Mhpa, Heo6xoaxMo

onxparLcF

crparer4qecKx;

Meroa

ar,r3aiHa,

oco6eHHocTl,r

lll Kypca,

KOrAa

Ax3aiH

HaqUHaeT

paccMarpuBarbcF

KaK

14HclpyMeHr

cltopM14posaHrR Kynhrypbr,

ynpaBneH|,1F

KynbrypHbrM

npoqec'

coM, Co6crBeHHo

xyaoxectaeHHoe

KoHcrpyxpoBaHxe 3aecb

yxe

HrpaeT noaqxHeHHYro

pons

KaK

cpeacrso,

noMoraloqee

gyBCTSeHHO-npeAMeTHO

BOnnOrhrb

Ar,r3aliHepCKYrO

CrpaTerxrc,

Eqe oAHo

crpvKrypHoe

'rneHeHue,

Toxe

!lMerculee

orHoLlle'

Hhe K MeToay, Ho ronbKo K

npoeKrHoMy. Ha Mnaaur4x

Kypcax

xyaoxecrBeHHoe KoHcTpYl4poBaHxe

aaror

oLrlruleHHbrM

or npo-

EKIHOi MCTOAXKfi. 3AAA']{ CTABFTCF

TAK,

qTO6bI

CTYAEHTA

6Erno syxabr nph6erayb K

npoeKrHoMV MoaenupoBaHrrc.

lll

Kypc

nepenoMHbri: Ha

FreM |,lHreHcuBHo

r43y'laercF npo-

eKTHaa MeroalKa, a

qacrHocTr,t

MeToarKa

nohcKa

u B6l6opa

npoeKrHhrx sapfiaHroB. B

aanbHe;LjleM

{qerBeprbri

h narbli

roabr)

npoeKruposaHxe sHoBh nepecTaeT 6brTb

rnaBHbrM

npeA-

MeTOM t43yqeHl4F,

nOCKOIIbKV

CTyAeHTbt C eTO

OCHOBaMX

yxe

3HaKOMbr.

Tenep6

oHo

r4cflorb3yercs KaK hHcrpyMeHT

,,npo-

eKTHOTO 30HAr/pOAaHUH" CnOxHhrX

npO6neMAnsaiHa.

143

cKa3aHHoro

BxaHo,

trro

s nocrpoeHus

npo$eccuoHanb'

Hoi

noAToToBKx

KaOeApa npoMbrurneHHoro cKyccrBa

CBepAApx14 o6brqHo cneayer np4Huuny,,KoHrpacrsocrrr",

qeM

ero cyrb?

nepexoa K oqepe4HoMy

yqe6HoMy

3aaaHqK)

urh

Ha cneayroulvro cryneHb

aoflxeH

BocnpuHrMarhcF

cTyaeH.

roM KaK

nepexoa K

'ieMy-To

npoTrrBonofioxHoMy

a cpaBHeHah

reM.

qTo

65rno

3roro.

HanpuMep, or

ynpaxreHhi, B KoTo-

pbrx

rpe6yercF

xvaor<ecrBeHHaF

+aHTa3uF,

ynpaxHeH',lFM,

rae HyxHa, o6pa3Ho roBopF, HeKafl

,,3cTetqqecxaF

aucqrnfiu.

Ha";

of carvar\ui,

rae

qenoBeLrecKxe

norpe6Hocre

nxurb

yaoB_

neTBopB|orcF,

K curyaqHx, raeoHq, Hao60poT,

$opMxpyrorcF;

or o6pa3Hocrll Beurei K ,x

Mop$onor|.l.

dopMe

raK

Aanee.

Taroe

a6puc

BHvrpeHHero,

crpyKrypHoro

npeacraBneHrrF

aBrxeHuFX

neaaroruqecKoro

npouecca,

pa3pa6oraBHoro

KadeApe npoMbrurfleHHoro ucKyccrBa CBepaApxri

peanr3y_

eMoro B

npaKTxKe

noaroToBK14

ah3ahHepo€.

Coqepxaue npo$eccrroHarhHoi

noaroroBKx

au3aiHepoB

OnxcaHHas

Bbrtxe crpyKrypa cBoe

KoHKperHoe

sonnoute8xe

nonyquna B

cMcreMe

y're6Hbrx

npo6neM u BonpocoB,

pe|.lleHl,e

r<oTopbrx

x cocraBnFercoaepxaHne

npo+eccuoHanbHoi

no4ro'

roBKu

aq3aiHepoB.

HacroFqeM

naparpa+e 3ro

coaepxaHre

aaHo

B Bxae

pa3BepHyro;

la6nuqbr, orpaxarculei

coaep)KaHxe

pa6orbr

npenoAaBarenei

crvAeHros

s re'reHHe sccx

aeBFrl4

ceMecrpoB o6yqeHus

(gecnrsrir

ceMecrp

alrnnoMHhli,

yxe

He noaBepxeHH6rfi HenocpeacrBeHHoMy

aKruBHoMy

BnxFHx|o

npenoAaBaronex, no Kpa,iHe, Mepe,,,reoper

qecKrl'

Ta6nuqa

nonHocrbro orpa)1<aer

nocneaHhe

V,re6Hbre

npo'

rpaMMhr no Kypcy

,,npoeKrxpoaaHhe"/

c oAHxM

nqurb

pa3nr-

qeHheM:

reMbr

,,O60pyaoBaH,4e

npoMbrtuneHHoi

cpeabr"

,,O6opvAoBaHue

o6qecrBeHHoi

cpeAbr"

noMeHFnx MecraMq

(no

orHotUeHuro K ceroaHFrlHe;

npa<rrxei.

ABrophr

cocraBxrenq ra6nhqbr nonararcr,

'rro

Har6onee

onernxso

pa3nrqhe

Mexay rfinaMh

ax3a;HepcKux

npo6neM

cryaeHr oulyrvr

l,{MeHHo B

raKoi

nocneaoBarenbHocrl4

TeM.

O6qaF

aaaaqa

ceMecrpa

l4syrexrae

MeroAa

xyao-

xecrB9HHoro

KoHcTpyrpo-

gaxran

{gcrerqqecxoe oceoe-

Hre cpopMsr

aeulr)

,lcnon63osaHre

cpeacrB

KOMnO3TUU'

AnF

pacKptr-

Tl!F XyAOXeCTB€HHO-3CTeTr-

qocK|x

aocTo9tHclB

MaTq.

puanbHoi

@pMbl

Marepuan

xar racrowur

xyaoxscTEeHHo-scTeTuqe

cKux

aocTouHcTa

Bet4u

ceMecrp

,l3yqeHue

MeroAa

xyAo-

xecTBeHHoro

KoHcTpyl/lpo-

gaHrn

(rovnoguulroHxsri

crHTe3

rapMOHr3aLlHF

npeAMerHoi

4)opMbt)

3 ceMecrp

,l3yqeHue MeroAa

xyAo-

xecrBeHHoro

KoHcTpyr,l-

pogaHxF

(.,ecrerr,rrecxan

uo4epxrsaqraF" aeutrl

CThflb

Kax xyaoxecrBeH-

HOe BhtpaxeH|'|e

coBpeMeH-

Hbtx

3cTeTrqecKnx

ltaeamoB

l.l

KaK UClOqHr,tK

XyAO)|(eCT-

aeHHo

abtpa3rTenSHbtx

cpeAcTB

ceMecrp

Paa€gBaeMbte Kag€crBa t,l

cnoc!6HocTr,l

XyAoxecrseHHoe

Boo6pa-

xeHxe. KoHcfpyK?xBHsre

cnoco6HocTr.

TBopvecKaF

pa6ora,

ynpax-

TpaAraqroxxoe

xoeoe

B Beu.lh.

Mareplian,

ero

KOHCTpyKtlroHHbte

Tex-

HOnOthqecKre

cBoicTBa.

nprHqkn,,ecrecrBeHHocrlr"

B UCnO'|t3OBAH6U

MaTepra-

na.

06pa3Ho{MBtcnoBbte

xe-

paKTeprcThK|,l

sOpUsr.

r,rx

pacKpbtTre

u ycltneHlte

cp€acTaaMh

KoMno3l/|uLu.

lloHrrre

,,koMnereHT-

HOCT6

ero

cBs3h

c 06-

PaSHoclbro

+opMht.

noHf,-

Tre,,coa€pureHcTao"

+op-

Mbt,

ero

KoMno3I/'t160HHbti

Beqb 6hrroBsF, 3reMeHTap-

yCTpOeHHAF,

r3rOrOBneH-

HaF

HeTp6Al4lr.to H HOrO

Ara aaHfloi

B0u,ll/ MaTepua-

(npeAMelbt

KaHqenFp-

cKoro o6xxoAa BpeMeHHoro

nonS3oBaHrt, r3roToaneH-

Hbre

6yMar,

)

XyaoxecrBeHHoe

8006pa-

xeHre,

KoHcrpyxTraHbte

cnoco6HocrH

qyacrBo

rapMonur. fH6-

KOCT6

SCTeTrqeCKOrO

qyB-

CTBA

TBopgecKaF

pa6ora,

ynpax-

HeHttF,

KpatKoBpeMeHHhte

Meroa

crxneBoi

rdpMoHH-

sAqUX

(bOpMhr

Bequ

KnrcqeBbre Bonpocbt

npo-

cpeccroHan

bHo-raop{ecKoro

Kypca

O6teKt

yqe6Horo

npoeKTu-

poBaH|'f,

OcHoBHas

SopMa

r3yqeHrf,

BOnpocos

npo(peccrlt

OceauBsgMbre

cropoHbr

Me-

TOAa

A43atHa

fnaBHbti

eonpoc

rsoperx-

9ecKoi

noaroToBKl,|

TsopqecKaF pa6ora,

ynpax-

B6rpa3rrenhHhre

Bo3MoxHo-

cTl/t

pa3Hbrx

MaTeptanoB,

Mopoonorrs

Bequ. OyHK-

rlr4F

Beu.l,

14 rpe6osaHrF

Beqr. @yBKllroHanhH6te

n6paMeTp6r'r

syHKqroHanb-

HAF

CrpyKTypa aequ.

KoHcTpyKqxF.

t4H@pMa-

-rriaHocTh

@pMbt.

Marepr-

an,

rexHonoflrF,

KoHcTpyK-

qllF

KaK ucToqHUK

Bhtpa3l'-

TenbHErx

cBoicrs

@pMrt.

KoMnogrrlr,rF

KaK cpeacrBo

lapMOHer3aqHx

+opMhl

HoBsF

MoAuOrKaquE

xo-

r.!o

h3EecTHot

Seulll,

B6t-

NONHEBHAA

3AAAHHOM

MA-

Tepuane

(6btToaoi

penpo-

ayKrop,

6yar4n5HxK,

3neK-

rpr{ecKr;

@HaprK}

llpr,lrrurnsr

xo i, n

oslr ltlrox

Boi

rapMoHr3aqrt

SopMbl

Kar€ropHE,,OopMoo6pa3o-

BaHre".

OopMoo6pa3yrc-

qti

np6eM

O€KTopbl

OopMoo6pa3oB6HUF

noHf,Tue

,,cospeMeHHaF

+opMa",

ero

coqnanbHo-

xynbrypHbrt

acTeTu'tec-

Klli

cM6tcn.

CTuns KaK

|,|CTO9Hl,tK

COBpeMeHEOrO

$opMoo6pa30BaHuB.,,MHo'

TocTUII6HOCTb

COBpeMeNHO-

npeaMeTHoro

Mqpa.

cTr-

nea€n

teHAeHquF.

3cr€Trqe-

cKaF

nporpaMMa

h xyao-

xecTBeHHo-€rbtpa3uTen

hHbte

cpeacTBa

cTlrrF. floHFTLs

,.c1al,nuHf"

u,$fqnuga-

r.luF".

CTqneBbre sapraHTbr

Beqlr.

cTunesaf,

rapMoHx-

npocraF rpa4uuuoHHaF

Beqh

c o6unheM

SproHo-

Mr{ecKhx l,r

apyrux

6yHK-

qroHanhHErx

rpe6oEaHxi

Hei

(pyqHoi

14HcrpyMeHr:

HoxoBKa.

Kneuln,

crpy6qu-

fia,

yT|or

ap,)