Бобковская М.А. и др. Уральская школа дизайна

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

r,rHAr,rBr4ayanbHofi

€KTI'BHOCTI.|

sHyrpeBHei At{ooepeHq}tpo'

BaHHOCTII

B 6op66e

npocrpaHcrBo

qeM

ocrpee

6opb6a

npoTlrBononoxHocTei,

TeM

uHleHchBHee

npoucxoal4T

l'lx

B3a'

uMooroaKeHue

x leM

6onbulei

creneHvl

coBepuaercB

t13_

MeHeHle

Kaxaoi

l,l3 Hrx

noa

so34eficTB,eM

npMo6pelaeMblx

orp6xeHui-cneaoe.

B oco6eHHocTl,

3TO

npucyqe

coqranbHo

opraHr3oBaHHoi

MaTeprh.

npuBeaeM

npocreiuui

Mep.

cKaxeM'

B oxecroqeB_

Hbtx

cpaxeH,{Fx aByx

apMxi

o6e

3 Hl'x

raK llnu

'Haqe

no3Ha-

loT cnoco6br

n cpeacrBa

BeAeHtrB

BOiHbl

Apy'

apyroM'

crpeMFcb

3axBarrrb

reppvropl,lo,

3aHxMaeMyrc

conepHl,KoM'

Pe3vnbrarht

laKolo

B3arMHoro

orpaxeHuf,

MarepuanbHo

cK&

3brBa@TcF

B KOppeKTrpoBaHux

l,x Bo3aeictBt'i apyr

apvra'

rleM

ynopHee

nporxBoAe;crshe

nportlBHt'lKa,

TeM

6onee

Ka'

{ectBeHHo

l,l3MeHeHHOi

CTABOBXTCf,

apMxf

'no6eaurenbH9lqa

HoBoe

KaqecrBo

Bo3Hl,iKaer

pBynbrare

a[aneKTuqecKoro

otoxaecTBrleH|,ln

cy uleclBeHHo

pa3nrtlHhlx cTopoH o6aeKTxBBo-

nportsopeq

HochreneM

Hoaoro

KaqecTBA

qaule

Bcero

oKa3brBaeTcf,

no6earBr!6F

npOTItSOnOnO)r(HOCTb

oAHaKO

CaMA

oHa

cyrqecTBveT

yxe

He B

npexHeM

Bl,lae'

'3MeHeHnoi

noa

BO3AeiCTBUeM

oTHOCrTenbHo anrlenbHoro

olpaxeH|,|F

CEOei

anbTepHaTtBbl.

nocneaHff

Moxer

cyule\cTEoBaTb

unl,|

He cy'

ulecTBoBafb

B cBoeM

npoKHeM

Beu.leclaeHHoM

14 3HepreTuqec'

KOM

Bl,lAe, HO,

AaXe

ecn

oHa

rcqe3na

KaK TaKOBaF'

oclaeTcH

cnetr

B tlHoM

Marepuane,

s tlHoi

cTpyKType

AnF

oTHoc

TenhHo 3aM(Hyrblx

MafephanbHblx

cl'4cTeM

cnpaBean14B

3aKOH

npMpocTa

uH6opMaqr,4,

ysenu{eHl.rF MHQOpMaqxoHHoi

eMKO_

cTu

83arMooTpaxarcul!!xcF

npolMBononoxHocrei

noHFlHO'

qTo

B KOHe'{HhlX

3aMKHyTSlX

Cl/cieMax

caMoBo3pacTaHlle

l4H-

dooMaul,t|.

Moxer 6brrb

6ecnpeAenbHblM

6e3

nprroKa

sHeul-

Hr,!x

Bo34eiclBtli

llocrpouM

renepb

MeraoopxqecKyro

Harnf,aHylo

Moaenb-

KOIOpAF

XOpOLIIO

3anOMUHaeTCfi

t',l MoxeT:-cnyx

16 onopHol'

cxeMoi ann

pa3pa6orKx

al{3aiHepcKnx

npoeKroB

MeroAoM

nonFpHbrx

npo6.

npeacraBuM

ce6e,

qro

9To

npocrpaHcrBo'

3an'Toe

cBe'

xei

cxHei

KpacKoi,

a 5

npoclpaHcrBo,

sHerrlHee

no orHor!e-

Hr,1rc K

A. conpuKacaEqeecF

A.u

3anuroe

cBexei

xenroi

KpacKoi.

nycrb

renepb

xenraH

KpacKa

HaquHaer

npoHuKarh

c,lHloKr,

Bo3Hl,4Kaer

HoBhli

qseT

3eneHbli

3eneHoe

Tox'

[ecrBo ct4Helo

t4 xenroro,

He cBoanMoe

H]i

cl4HeMyr

HU K

xenToMv'c€Ml4M

Ce6e

IIoHFTHO,

qfo

or-reHoK

3eneHoro

6yaer

3aBrcerh

or nponopqqfi

cxHero

xenroro

OaHaKo

pe'

anbx6re

,,KpacKl4"

He 6blEa|or

a6cotlloYHO

OAHOpOAHbIMT'4r

B C',l-

HeM 6bln,

cKpblrhle

nprMecu

MHoro uBera,

pasHo

KaK

Moryr

6brrE

KaKlae-To

np]lMecl,l

tr s xenroM

PByrbraroM

cMeueHun

cvHero

u xetroro

FenFercf,

TOnbKo

3eneHSl;,

t4 KaKOi-

Hr6yab

LlHoi

uBel,

npoFBnE|<)UltticF

suae

nHTeH'

KaK TonbKo

Mbl oco3Hanl4

3Tv

Moaenb,

EHylpu

Hac

HaqxBa_

xtrrb

arateKr,lqecKh;

pa3yM: Ha

nrc6oi

qBer

Mrhl

y>Ke He

MOXeM

CMOTperb

KaK

HA Heqfo

cy6cTaHq'oHanhHoe',

h\nocpea_

crBeHHOe.

Kaxahli uEer

eatlHclBo

B3a'MoorpaxarculrlxcF

r,4Hbtx uBeToB.

BaxBo

pacKpblrb. BhlFBl'4Tb'

npxMeHxrb

al'1-

3aiHe.

3ra Moaenb

Mera+opu{ecK6i

npeAcraB

TenE

Bceo6'

qei

axatleKTnKu

M!rpa.

OcHoBHhte

BEIBoAbI

x3 3Toi

Moaenx

3aKnEqaorcF

B cne_

AnF

nonyqeH[r

HoBoro

Ka'{ecrsa

HyxHo

coea

H9lrb'

KpaiHei

Mepe,

aBa,

BHaqane

sHeulHe

cocytuecrBvK'ulLx

x ornu-

qaK,u-trlxcf,

apyr

apyra,KaqecTBa,

3aciaBrTb

9lx

npoHlnKaTh

apyr

apyra,

ycnoBreM

flocToFHHoro

o6HoBneHMF

CTapOrO

Ka,{ecfBa

aBnaeTcB

ero oTHoctTenhBaf,

qTKpbllocTb

BHeulHeMy

Mxpy.

rrtrblM

KaqecTBaM.

2. CoaepxaHue

orpaxeHfiF

He cneAyer

cBoal']lrb

K MoMeHTy

aAeKBarHoto

orneqarhlBaHxF

BO BHyrpeHHe;

crpyKrype

npoqecc

peynbrar

scrKoro

orpaxeH'ln

t'lMeer

rpt.r oprallr'

'leCKu

B3ahMOCBA3aHHblX

MOMeHT6:

MOMeHT

OTHOC}lTenlHO

AAEKBATHOTO

BOCNPO'I3BEAEHTf,

6 B

A; 6)

MOMEHT

'3MEHE

Hrs AE

noa

Bo3ae;crBneM

BHyrpeHHei

aKT,lBHocrtl

B) orHocr4TenbHoe

caMocoxpaHeBgle

A or Bo3aeficlsus

45,

noaaepx

4BaKrqee

aonlo

pa3nnqns

Me)(ay

A H 6.

KaK OtMeqan

B,h. fleHrH, co3HaHlte

ronbKo

xonrpyer, Ho

l'l rBopl4t

aeicr'

BrfenbHocrb',

nprMeHgllenbHo

qanoBe{ecKoMy

orpaxeHurc

AeibTBrrenbHocrlr

rph

Bhlu.leyKa3aHHblx

MoMeHTa

pa3arBaK,T-

a TeoDuvr

auaneKltlKu

ipeaMeTHoro,

onapauuoHHolol.l

ca-

MOCO3HarenbHolo

KoMnoHeHToB

l{aeansHoao

o6pa3arr.

noHBneHxe

HoBoro

KagecrBa

(3eneHoro

3QQeKTa

cnvFHr4F

ClrBelo

tl xenroro)

Bo MHoroM

FBnFercF

BeO)KUAaH'

HbtM ,lnF

qenoBeKa

npoqeccoM.

noa'rac

aro

noFBneHl,le

oKa3hl-

eaercs

l4ppaquoHanbHblM

cneacrBheM

p€ul'4oHanbHoro

qeroBe_

gecKoro

qenenonaraHuf, :

genoBeK' pyKoBOACTByFCb'HaH',eM

nprpoaur

(caHero),

eKnaablBaer

B Hero cBoe

co6crBeHHoe

aei'

crBre

(xetroe),

peynbrar 6uteaer

teoxr'rAarntru

flpuure_

poM

hppaqtloHanbHoro,,3erleHoto"

3o6eKTa

cnyxl,T

HaqxHalo-

Luu;cF

B Ml,tpe

3KonorrqecKui

Kptr3rc.

TeM He

MeHee

MoxHo

oBnaaerh

B KaKoi-ro

Mepe

AhaneKTllKoi

,,3eneHoro"

3+SeKra'

H6MepeHHO

nnaHxpyf

ero

Bo3HuKHOEeHl/|e

B KOllrponupyeMblx

paMKax.

14MeHHo

B 3ToM

x 3aKnrcgaercf, an3aiHepcKYi

nol4cK'

Heo6-

xoArMo

Bnoxrrb

qenoBeqecKoe

H6qano

(,,xenroe")

npl,poA'

HbrF

MareoHan

(,,cvree")

nonyqtrtE

TaKoi

HoBblt

l'lcKyccr'

BeHHbri

npeaMer

(.,:enenoe"),

Ka'{ecrBo

Koroporo

HeBo3Mox'

yxe

CBeCTtl

At^

,,cuHeM.Y"

,,XenTOMV"'

KOTOpOe

TeM

He MeHee

Henpou3BonbHo

6yaer

npoquTblsaTbcF

notpe6u_

YeneM

KaK

nono)KuTenbHoe.

no BnonHe

noHaTHStM

npuquHaM

au3aiH,

B OTnllgrle

'lxcroro

,cKyccTBa,

AOnXeH

noaqu'

HFrh rexHuqecKtte

o6leKrbl

nBHOMy

sblpaKeHrlo

onpeaeneH'

Hhtx

qenoBeqecK[x

Ka'lecTB

BMecTe

c TeM,

npecne4yF

xh3He_

yTBepxaarcque

qen6,

ax3afiH

np,3BaH

ryMaH'3l'poBaTb

3rvl

06r'eKT6r.

Meroa

nonFpHhlx

npo6 coaepxhr

B ce6e

raKue

3BpLcrHqec'

Kre Bo3MO)l<HOCTIT.

KOTOpble

noMora@T

al43aiHepy'

Bo'nepBblx'

nonHee

peLraTb

3aaaql,r

14 Ocea

aafh

o6leKT

npoeKTbpoaaHxF;

BO-BTOpbtX,

O6teKll,|BHo

o6ocHoBbtBarh

cEto[

peu9Bl.rF;

B-TpeTbrx,

notyqar6

opllruHanbHble

petlleHl,tf, 3A

CqeT

,'caMo'

BO3OaCTaHUF"

rHoopMaql!r;

B{erBeptblx'

3KOHOMHee

npoBo'

arrb

noMcK

peueH ; 3a c'rer

ero cneuuol4qecKoi

opraH,l3aq'tu

3Tor

Meroa,

lrcxoaF

t43

o6teKTrlBHoi

nporHocixqecKoi

Moa€-

cnenKa

6yayurero,

ucnons3yeT

onblT

HaCTOFuleTo

TonbKo

KAK TOI

Ml,{Hl,lMyM,

Hhxe

Koroporo

aonxeH

onycKaTbcF

ypoB€Hb npoeKra.

Mbl

y6exaeHbr,

'lTO

TaKOi

AOn)|<Ha

6hlTb

reHepanbHaf,

crpaTerrF

npoayKTl'lBHOrO

O6VqeBtF'

OTpaXaE-

qaf

ipe6oBaBhe

ceroAHRllHero

AHf,

u cnoco6crByroqaF

ao-

)KeHtiK)

BblcoKoro

npo6eccr4oHatbHoro

MacTepcTBa'

Coaepxarne

ueroaa noJrFpHbtx

npo6

tlTaK, Meroa

nonHpHbrx

npo6

3To

MsroA

MrioroacfleKTHoro,

MHOTOhnAHOBOTO

paCCMOTpeHra

npoeKThpyeMoro

o6!eKra'

rae

npoeKTnbre cMbrcnEt

6yayqero

rl3aenrF npeacrasnHI()TCF

s MoAenFx.

lvlo4enb coAepxrr

re cBoiclBa,

Koropble

o6ecne{l,-

BarcT

peureHre

KoHKperHoi

3aaaqu

ApyrtlMx

cJloBaMu,

Haul

MeroA

f,To ananra3

ocMhlcneH e

npoeKTHblx

ct{lyaqtni

Xe BpeMF,

HaVqHOe l/l

XyAOXeCTAeHHOe

Mo[enrpoBaH,e

o6teKTa,

Uenb

npuMeHeHrF MeroAa

noBbtuieHue

3OOeKTuBHocYh

npoqecca

noxcKa npoeKrHoro

peueHun.

CpeacrBo

nonf,pHbre

napbr caoicrB,

opraHu3oaaHHble

TrnoBbte

MaTpMqbt.

'neHuH

8.14. nonH.co6p.

co'r.

T.29' C. 98.

**nueoaapoe

B. ngo6neMa

HocrrenF

,aeanbHoro

o6pa3a:

onepaqltoHHbri

acneKr'

CBepanoBcK,

1986-

130 c

flpoqecc

norcK

Kal<aoro

HoBoro

cBottcrBa B orAenbko-

crli B

Auana3oHe eao

norrFpHbrx

cocrosHl,ti,

tao

gro

csotcrBo

,cyepnbtBaer

ce6s, l,l r,rHTerprposaHhe p6ynblaToB

B KoH{en-

qnK,

npoeKrnpyeMoro

npeaMeTa

h ero

TeopeTn{ecKylo

Moaen6,

Cyrb

Meroaa

oonFpHbtx

npo6

cneqndlrqecKoM

Mexs-

Hn3Me pa3peuJeH!!f,

no'IFpHocTei,

a ,MeHHo:

nonap|lbte

cocToa_

HnF nrc6oro

cBoicTea

paccMaTplrBa|orcF

oTAeIbHo

qenb|o

Bbt-

aBneHrB

nonoxlTenbHbtx

coctaenFrculrx,

nepexoaFu,ll,rx

HOBOe

KaqecTBo,

tllo6ot

npeAMer

Moxer

6btrb npeAcraBneH

chcreMoi

cBoicrB,

cBoicrsa

nplHaAnexsr

He eMy caMoMy

oHl,t

npoFBnatorcF

BoauMoaeicraht,|

npeaMera

qenoaexa

(no-

rpe6urens)

. MeroA

nonFpHstx

npo6

npeAcraBnf,er

o6teKT

npo-

eKTtpoBaHua

TaKxM

o6pa3oM,

qro

HanpfMylo

conocTaBlsK)TCF

cBotcrBa

npeAMeTa

u cBoicTaa

nr{HocTrr.

Koropas

OopMl.'py-

eTcf, c ero noMottlhro.

nonspHbre

napbt

OopMlrpylorcf,

pa3MeqaorcF

Ha Bcox

ypoBHFx

o6!eKTa. npoucxo4',|r

coorHeceHlte

o6!eKTa c norpe6.

HocrFMrr,

rHTepecaMr,

vaeanavu

oqeHuaabqero

cy6leKTa

A'|F

peathHoro

npoeKrxposaHMf,

+opMlrpylorcr

Marphqbr,

Koropbrgxcnonb3ytor

npeArrJecreyloutui

onbtr npoeKTrpoBaHrF

AonxHbr B

aocratoqHoi

Mepe np€AcraBnFTb

o6-h€Kr.

qro6u

t4cKn|o{utb

H6npaaMnbHhte peueHl,lF.

CBoicrEa pacnonaraprcF

BHyrplr Kax.qoro

ypoBHf,

'repapxrx

cneayrculhM

o6pasoM :

nepEbrl ypoEsHb.

CoqrioKynhrypHaF

cotluaflbHo-ncrxoflo-

rl,qecKaF

ocHoBa nxqHocTu

norpe6lrTenF,

Kputephi

oqeHKlr

AnF

B6r6opa

MoAen, nHqHoclu

A43aiHepcKaf,

saAava

(ro,

ArF

rrero

cosaaercF

xoeoe rgAenne)

. STor

yposeHh

OopMxpy-

eTcF ncuxocFr,l3uonor14qecKltMl.l

napaMeTpaMr,

cotlhan6Ho-nc!|-

xonoruqecktM!t.

coquatbHo-KynblypHbrMt

aeaTenbHocTHbt-

M{ napaMeTpaMr,

BTopoi

ypoEe8b.

npeAMer

KaK seutb,

Teoperx{eckaF Mo-

Aenb

npeAMera,

BbtpaxeHHa8

B KareropuFx

A66aiH-6opMbr.

Kpr4repri

oqex<r

nrgHocrb

norpe6rrenB,

c$opMupoBaHHaF

nepBoM ypoBHe,

3ToT

vposeBb

oopMrpyeTcf,

no KoMnoHes.

taM:

npeo6pa3oBarenbHaF

no3H6aarenbHaF

AeFTen6Hocrb,

qeHHocTHo-op4eHTaqroHHeFl,

KoMMyHt4KaTrrEHaf

Aef,TenEHOCTb.

Tperni ypoBoH6.

npeAMer

KaK MarepranbHaF

crpyKTypa

{reopernlecxaa

Moaenh, BbtpaxeHHaF

B KareroprFx

Mopdo-

norrs).

Kpxrepyfr

oqeHKl.r

coql,4€nbHbte Kagecraa

Beqr. 3ror

ypo-

eesb

Moaenr npeAcTaBnf,

eTcF

npocTpaHcrBeHHoi

cTpyKrypoi

Beutx.

+yHKqr4oHanbHo-rexHxqecxo&

crpyKTypoli n TexHl.r'{ec-

Koi

OyHKquei:

M€replt€noM,crpyKTypoi,

koHcrpyKtluei

M r.A,

B nepBoM ypoEHe

genoBeK

Bbrcrynaer

B KaqecrBe

BeAyulero

gneMeHTa

crcreMbr

(o6reKra)

cBorMu couranbHo-KyJtbryp-

HbrMh,

nCnxonOrrqecKrMlr

Ou314OnOrh'teCKuMx

napaMeTpaMr.

3To

ra n,rqHocrs,

Koropan

qeneHanpasneHHo

+opMrrpyerca.

,.qenocrHocrE

qenoEeKa

oro

qenocrHocrb

oco6oro

poaa.

OHa

hMeer

ABe

cropot{bt:

o6!eKTB8Hyto 14

cy6leKTxBHy|o.

O6}eK-

TTBHaF

CrOpOHa

3TO

noflOxeH,re

|4HAABUAa

CrCteMe O6qe

crBeHHbrx

orHoueHri,

+yHKtlr41

(ponr).

Korophte oH

AonxeH

BhrnonHaTb

crny cnoxrBLllefoca

pa3aeneHuF

Tpyaa, npxHaa-

texHoclb

TeM 'nU hHbtM

CoqranbHhtM

rpynnaM, npexae

Bcero,

knaccaM

c lrx xaeonofrei

u ncuxonornei.

cv6aeKtra-

HaF

CTOpOHa

9TO Mrp CO3HaHUF

t,, CaMOCO3HaHIIF l/|HAhBrAa

KaK

pe3ynbtar

ycnoBre

ero

Aef,Ten6Hocru

e o6ulecrBe l.l KaK

npfi3Ma,

qepe3

Koropyto BocnpuHnMaercF

Mxp. 3ro

nepexu-

BaHUe

qelroBeKoM

cEoero 6Bttl,tF,

ero caMoqyEcTBrr;,

yaoE'IeT-

BopeHre

6ecnoKotcrBo l.rnl,

HeAoBonhcrBo

MuDoM"+. nx,t-

HOCT!

pacKpbtBaeTca

yaK!1x,

HanprMep,

KaqecTBax, KaK

TBop-

*Ckaqee

3.M.

qenocrHocrb

qenoBeka:

coorHoLleHrie

rrnrq-

troro

uHatigt

AyanhHoro.

noHFTxe

nr{Hocrl,r//CouranbHaf,

crpyKTypa

coqhanltcrtiqecKoro

o6qecrsal,l

pa3HocroooHHee

pa3alirhe

nuqHocrlr.

M.,

'1983.

qecTBo,

cnaptaHcTao,

anbTpyu3M,

aKTltBBocTb

h T.

tr.

BTopot

ypoBeHb pacKpb'Baer

ponh

npeAMera

B coqhanbHo;

xr3Hyr

soroBeka,

paccMarpuBaer

ero

KaK Beqb, CsF3b

,,qenoaeK-npeAMer" o6s3btBaer

paccMorperb

Beulb B

cour,lo-

xynbTypHoM

aeiTelbHocrHoM

KoHTeKCTe,

AnF

qero

rlcnorbr

3yK,Tca

kareropul,t

AearerbHocrh

npeo6pa3oBarenhHaB,

no-

3HaBAtenbHaf,

qeHHocTHo-op

eHTaqHoHHaF

14 KOMMVHTKaTUB_

HaF'

(Ka,r€crEa,

HanprMep,

raKre, xaK

HaqroHanbHoe,

Koc-

MonotulrrqHoe,

crcTeMHoe,

Mo6l4n6HOe

A.)

Tperqi

ypoBeHb

npeAcraBnaer

npeaMer

K6K MarepuanbHyro

crpyKrypy,

Mop$onorrrc.

Ilrc6an

SopMa

paccMarprBaercF

KAK

npOCTpaHCTBeHHaf,

CTpyKTypa,

OcHoEHhrMH

3neMeHTaMh

xoropoi

FBnnrorcF

Orrypa,

Benl.t{rHa,

nonoxeHgte,

nopsAoK

lonpeAenelun:

cKynbnrypHbri.

cop63MepHhti,

MaccrBHbtfi u

A.).

KpoMe

Toro,

pacKpbtsaeTcF

6yH

KquoHarhHo.TexHu,{ec-

KaF

CTpyKTypa, npeaH63HaqeHHaH

AJIF

B6tnOnHeHrA

TeXHrqec-

Ko;

SyHKul,il,t

(uou,lxocrs.

cKopocrb,

ycroiqMBocrb

h r.A.).

P€ynbrsroM

pa6olhr

c MarpxqaMn

sBnFercF

coopMynrpo-

B6HHaA

Ar30iHepoM

kOHqenqrF

npeaMera,

coaepxaqaF Bbrpa_

6oraHHUe

B npoqecce

aHanu3a u

crHre3a

Hosbre

cyrqecrBeHHe;-

uxe

cBoricTBa npeaMeTa,

no3BonFK,ulue

ocyqecTsxTb

KynbTyp-

Hyro

KoMMyHr,4KaqxE

x o6ecnequr6

norpe6rrenbcKy€

6VHK_

qxto

KaK

qenh

Au3aiHepcKoro

npoeKTa.

peanbHoM

npoeKTu-

poBaHrx

SToM 3Tane xHTerp[pyoTcF

B xoHqenqur

BgtBoabl

Bcex

cnequaI1rcroB,

cocraanFroqxx pa6oqy|o

apynny.

CneAyer

noA,repKHyrh,

qro

Ax3aiHepcKaF

KoHqenqhF

oro

He roflbKo

nepeqeHb

ycKoMblx

cBo;cTB

npeAMeTa,

Ho x ro Ml,j-

poBo$peHxe,

KoTopoe

ccpopMnpoBanocb

B co3H6Hr4u npoeKTu_

poBquKa

ero

nyr,

He3HaHrF

K 3HaHuo,

OHa f,BnFercF

cMbrcnoabtM

aApoM npoeKrMpoBaHan

opuenrrpyer

Araaai_

Hepa B

6ecKoHe'iHoM

coq[anhHo-Kyn6rypH(,1

npocTpaHcTBe.

flpaxruvec<ra

Marp,4rlbr

cocraBnF|orcF

cneAyK,qeMy

anropl,|TMy.

1. PaccMarpuBaeM

Bce

nonFpH6re

napht nocneAoBarenbHo

ypoBHFM.

HaqrHaF

C nepBOrO.

AonycKaeM,

qro

npeAMery

nonepevexxo

npncyu.lu

caoi-

crB6,

coAepxaulrecF

ero nonFpHbtx

cocroFHl,tf,x.

KphrepueM

oqeHKu

o6orx

cocroaHri

nBnFeTca

coAepxaHre,

KoTopoe

c+opMxpoBaHo

npeabtaytqeM

srane

u KaK

caMoe rraBHoe

Ax3aiHepcKaF 3aAaqa,

OqeHKa npoh3soAl4rcs

c npuBne{eHreM

HayqHErx

3HaHui x reooui.

3. nocne

pa3perleHrn

KaxAoi

napbt

noroxl{TenbHbte

cBoi.

craa

roro l,4

Apyroro

anbrepHarliBHbrx

cocrosHxi

r,4HTerpupyeM

B KOHqenqu|o

npeaMera.

Pa36epeM

anF

nprMepa

pa3peuleHxs

nonFpHoi

napbr oaBo

cBolicTBo

npeaMeIa

ero

nonf,pHbtx

cocyoFHnnx:,,oaHo-MHo-

ao".

HaM

yxe

r3secTHo,

qro

noA

iepMxHoM

,,norlFpHafi

napa,,

noApa3yMesarcTcf,

nporr{BononoxHbte

cocroFHha

cBo;crBa

npeaMera

(qepHoe-6enoe.

rnaaKoe-uepluaeoe,

u r.

a.l.

flpo-

t{BonocraBneHue,,oAHo-MHoao'.,

npuMeHeHHoe

B otHoute+t14l.,

KOnnqecTBa

npeaMeroB,

pa3peuaercF

cneayroullrM

o6pa3oM:

AonycKaeM.

,tro

B o6leKTe

npeAMer

oanH, l,

BbtFcHf,eM no3r-

Tl.tBHste

cocr€Bndrculue

gToto

@crof,Hr,lF,

OqeEraHo,

qro

3To

3KoHoMHbtt

BapraHr,

KoTAa He

pacxoAyercs

nuulHee

c6tpbe,

coxpaHFercfi

npupoAa

l,l T.

Ecnx

npxHFTb

sapraHT,

KorAa

npeAMeToB

MHoro,

To no3'tTMBHbtM

Hux 6yAer MHoxecrBo

none3Hbrx

3O+eKToB. B

noBoM

peueHfih

Heo6xoAl,iMo.

co-

rnacHo

3aKoHy

oTpuqaHua,

coxpaHxTS 6ce

To nonox6TerbHoe,

qTO

66rno nprcyule

npeAMeTy

Ha npeAbtAyurei

cTaAul4

pa3E!t-

TllH,

eCTh Mbt

aonxHbt

cosMecTltb

nonoxuTenhHbte

napa

MeTpbr

Toro fi

Apyroro

COcTOaHl4H. TaKxMlt

cBOficTBaMh

06-

naAaer

crcreMBbtir

o6!eKT. BcneAcrBlre

eAxHcrBa

dooMBr

r,l

cM6rcnoBot

qerocrHoc

TaKoro o6reKTa

orpaHugeHHoro

Konrqecrea

ero 3teMeHToB

MoxHo

co3aarh

60rbuoe

Konl,|qecr_

KazaH M.C.

rfenoBe,{ecKas

AeFTenbHocrb,

lr3A. nonurrqe-

cKoi

nrrep€rypbr,

lvl,,

1974.

53,

BO Coqet6Hr,ri

C COOTSeTCTBy|oUIUM

KOnUqeCTBOM

none3Hblx

3OOeKToB.

TaKrM

o6pa3oM,

nporvBononoxHbre cBo;crBa

,,oaHo-MHoro

pa3peualorcF,

nepBbri B3r4FA, HeoxlraaHHo

HOBbtM KaqecTBOM

..CXCTeMHOCTb

Bor 3Ta HenpeAcKa3yeMocrb,

HeoqeatlAHocrb,

c oAHoi cro'

poHbr,

t o6teKTtlEHocrb

BhrBoAoB

Apyroi,

o6lf,cHFlor

KaKoi-Yo Mepe HecTepeorunHocfr'

npoeKTHhlx

peueHuli.

no'

nyqeHHhrx c

noMoulhn MeToaa- nonf,pHslx

npo6.

Haao orMe-

rhTb,

'{To

3T14 cBo;cTBa

pa3petua|oTcF no-pa3HoMY

anF

pa3nu'r-

Hbrx npeaMeToB,

npu

SToM cnon63y|oTcF

Bce Heo6xoal,4Mbte

3HaHrF,

qro

o6ecnequBaeT rp6MorHocTb

peueHlif,

ypoBHe

nocneaHux

aocTrrxeHui

HayKtr n TexHxKu.

npxBeAeHHbri

nprMepe oAHoi

nonFpHoi

napbl npoqecc

cMhrcnoo6pa3oBaHhF

,r ecTb, no cyulecTBy,

rnaBHoe

B MeToae

nonFoHhrx

noo6

TaKuM o6pa3oM, Meroa

nonFpHbrx

npo6 no3sonFer

ocy-

qecTBnnrb paaxKansHyro

KoppeKThposKy

HanpaBneHtF

pa3Bu'

TrF

npoeKTHoi

l,raex

Ha Bcex

yKa3aHHblx

Bhlule

ypoBHHx.

npeMMvqecTBa

MeToaa MoxHo KparKo

ccpopMynlrpoBaTb

cneaytouluM

o6pa3oM. lvleroA

nonFpHblx npo6:

VHTBEOCANEH

OTHOLIIEHhl4 O6!EKTA;

aetcrBrreneH

Ha Bcex STanax

npoeKTrpoBaHrlF

Becb Ma

Yephat hccneayeTcF

crpyRryphpoeaHHoM

Br4ae,

qTo

aeraeT

ero

nerKo

ynpaBnHeMbrM;

yBenrqxBaer

Bo3MoxHocTh

nonyqeHuF opurxHanbHoro

coKpaqael

rpya 3a cqer

l'cnonh3oBaHl4F Marp'lq;

()6ecneqhBaer

qeteHanpaBneHHbli

1,1 3xoHoMHbli

noucK

KpoMe Bcero 3Toro,

Meroa nonFpHbtx

npo6 npeacraBnFer

co6oi norxqecxxi annapar,

aocrynHbti

noHxMaHt|o

cryaeHTa

Merog noaaprurx npo6 B

npaKruKe npoeKrrpoBastfl

[']poaeMoHcrpl,4pyeM s+tbeKrhBHocrb

Meroaa nonFpHl'lx

npo6

Ha npuMepe

pa3per!eHlrF

oaHo;

napbt cBoicrB

peanbHoro

061,'

eKTa

npoeKTxpoBaHuF, npuMep

no3Bonf,er noKa3arb

Mexa-

Hv3M

pOXAeHUA

HOBOTO

KaqeCTBa.

O6aeKr npoeKThpoBaHuF

ra3erHbti

KuocK B MHoronoa-

HoM

paioHe

ropoaa,

KaK

nrc6oi o6teKT

npoeKTupoBaHuF.

npeacraBraercF

Ha6opoM nonFpHbrx

nap, Moaenupyroulhx

M8oxecr6o KoMnoHeHToB

norpe6 tenb,

ToBap, npoaaBeq,

KxocK KaK Beul6 14 Kr4ocK

KaK Marep4anbHaa crpyKTypa.

Bo3bMeM

norapHyro

napy, cyluecrBeHHo

xapaKTepn3yloUlyK)

+opMy

roproBru

-,,o6cnyxuBaHUe-caMoo6cryxl,rBaHue',

shraenrB ,3 Maccbr He4ocraTKoB,

nprlcyulux

aaHHoMy

ropro-

BoMy 060pVAoBaHn|o,

nuL!b HeKoropbre, HenocpeacrBeHHo

snrFrcqxe

pa3peureHue

3Toi

napbr.

{hcrepnuraarouee

pa3peueHue

Bcex npo6neM KrtocKa

Bo3MoxHo nhrllb

Ha ocHoBe

o6teKTtBHoro u acecropoHHero

paccMorpeHllF

ero

KagecrB/

qro

He FBnFercF

cer,rac

Haurei 3aAa,reia.)

,lTaK, ra3erHbri

Kl4ocK B MoMeHT

noclynneHrH cBexrx

ra3er x

xypHanoB

3To

anuHHble

oqepeax; 3To

Heao3Mox-

Hocth npxo6pecrx

MeHee xoaoBoi ToBap

unh o3HaKoMtirhcF

c Hr,1M; 3TO

HeAOBOnbCTAO 'l

pa3ApaxeHhe

noKynaTenF;

3To

orpoMHaa,

pe)(uMe

aBroMara, Harpy3Ka

Ha npoaaBqa

hMe-

nrcb

non6rTKr,t

Kal<-To

nuKBr4al,4poBaTb trTl4

Heaoc1aTKr. 3a

cqer

yBerl4seHlrF

06qero o6reMa KnocKa 6brn

yBentlqeH

Oponr

BXTpqH,

'rTO

yny'lrxrno ycnoBhF

o3HaKoMneHllF c

ToBapoM, HO

yxyarllrno ycnoBxF pa6orbr

npoaaBqa {npr,rxoanrcn

nepeue_

LqarscF BAonb

anuHHoro

npunaBKa) . K ToMy xe HeonpaBAaHHo

yBerl,qunocb,,noAnpunaBoqHoe"

npocrpaHdso:

B 6onbuhx

cKnaacKux o6!eMax

B KnocKe Heo6xoArrMocrt

Her, €

apyroro

Ha3HaqeHrF

3To

npocrpaHcrBo ne

rarr,reer, Fagerxrti KxocK

npe

BparrncF s Hehcnonb3yeMhri

o6beM, coKpaqarcqxi

neurexoa-

HOe npocrpaHdBo

ynxubr

nonaaapqlti B coBepuleHHo

l,'lHoi

pFA

roptoBoro o60pyaosaHl.rF:

BMecto Kr4ocKa

He6onhuo;

Mara3rH. 6brnu la

apyrxe

peureHrF.

nocpeacrBoM npocrpaHcr'

BeHHoi TpaHcdopMaq|ala

npxnaBoK

n surpMHbr 65rnu

BbrHeceHbl

npeaensr

3aMKHvroro

o6teMa

KrocKa, Ho ce3oHHan

orpaHt-

qeHHocTb

3Toro

nplreMa r

aononHxrenhHaF

Harpy3Ka

Ha npo-

aaBqa

(nph6aBunacb

onepau,4F,,pa3EopaqxBaHuF'cBopaqriBa

srn" xuocxa) nlaub nopoarnv

HoBbre

npo6neMbr.

EMecre

reM, aa3erHbri

KuocK KaK cpeacrao

pacnpocrpa_

HeHhs fleploarqecKoi

neqarHofi

npoayKqu!l

AonxeH

o6ecne{u'

aaTh onepaJhaHoe

pacnpocTpaHeHtre

ycnoBuFx MaKch'

ManhHoro KoMdopra

anF

noKynarenei, 6e3

aononHrreflEHoi

Harpy3Kx

npoaaBqa,

143

dopM

ToproBnr

B KuocKe

rpaarq oHHo

r4cnonb3yercF

o6cny{<l,saHxe noKvnarenei

npoAaBqoM; caMoo6cnyxuBaHre

KoK

6onee

nporpeccxBHaF

SopM€,

nonyqtrBLlaF

uitrpoKoe

pac-

npocTpaHeHxe B

roproBne, o6qecrBeHHoM

nuTaHx6

T.4.,

ra3erHbtx

Kr4ocKax |le

HaL!na nphMeHeHrF,

KaK 6hrno

yKa3aHo

BbruJe,

nonFpHyK)

napy.,o6ctyx[Ba

Hlte-caMoo6cnyxuBaH

e' MEI ucnonb3yeM

anA

86rFcHeHrf,

Me-

x6Hrr3Ma

poxaeHrF

HoBoro

KaqecrBa. B onxcaHdx

BHyrpeHHero

caMoaBrxeHuF Kaqecraa

Mhl cTporo

np4aepxrEaeMcF

norllKl,

npoqecca, ,3noxeHHot

Bbrr!e, a raK>Ke nonb3yeMcf,

tepM!lHo'

noruefi

r cr,iMBonrKoi

sroro

u3noxeHuF. O6cnyxhBaHtie

o6o3Haq6eM criMBonoM

.,A",

caMoo6cnyxxBaHre

ctlMBo'

noM,,5",

nepBaF

craauF

83arMHoe

nprrf,xeHtle

(npoHl,lKHoBeHue

apyr

apyra)

npocrpaHcrBeHHo cocyluecreyoulr,rx

Kaqelcr€

A !a

5. nou orHocurenbHoM

noKoe

o6oxx

KaqecrB He

npotlcxo'

axr

HxKaKrx ,3MeHeHxi, Ho Bonei

npoeKTxposqxKa

o6a

Ka-

qecrBa

npuBoAFTcF B

Aetcraxe:

npitHaro

perleHue nplr coxpa'

HeHuF o6cnyx

BaHuF no3Bonhrh

npoHl4KHyJb B Hero

caMoo6'

cnyxhBaHhK), Kaxaoe

x3 xa,{ecrB crpeMxrcF

pactUxpxrb

ccpepy

cBoero

cyulecfBoaaHuF

crrel oTpaHM'reHfiF

cyBepeHHocl,

Apyroro.

Ho tx B3adMonpoHxKHoBeHxrc

oaHoBpeMeHHo

nporr-

BOCTOhT

nOOTI{BOnOnO)|(HaH TeHAeHqrF

X S3aUMBOTO

OTTanKrl'

BaHxF: A npeanoquraer

ocrarbcF B npexBei

+opMe,

5 He

3Haer

SopM6t

csoero

cyulecrBoBaHuF

E ra3erHoM

Kl,4ocKe.

Bropas craauF

cKpbrraH

pa6ora

qacrx

npoHhKuiero co-

aepxaHrf,

B A no noaqrHeHl,$ ce6e KaqecrBa

A 91,

B ro xe

BpeMF, aK-rlaBHoe

npeo6pa3oBaHue u npucnoco6neHtre

anF

cBol,rx

HVxa

aaHHoi

qacru

E co cropoBst

A, []oa

Bo3aeicrBlr'

eM 5 npoucxoaf,T

BHyrpeHHue h3MeBeHnf,

B ocBoBaHrlr

O6reKrxEHhrMra

ycnoB,lFMr,4

sropxeHtF caMoo6cnyxuBa-

HUF

ABnf,eTCF HanfiqXe

MaCCOBOTO X XenAaCCOAOTO

rOeapa

(aax_

HaF napa

cBo;crB

raKxe B3FTa x3 Ha6opa

nap. MoAenrpyroulxx

o6leKT npoeKrhpoBaHuf,) ,

MaccoBbri roBap

3ro 6onbuxHcr'

ra3er h

nonynFpHhtx

xypHafioB,

BeMaccoBbri

f,To

ln3aa'

HuF no

cneqxanbHbrM

orpacnFM 3HaHui.

npoaaxa MaccoBoi

npoayKqnlr

3To oaHorHnH6re

aeicrBrF

npoaaBqa

(s3Frb

aeHbru-noaarb

raaery)

ero BhrcoKaF cKopocrE

npoaaxlt, 3io

o6cnyxrBaHete

KoporKoe apeMn 6onbuoro

qrcna

noKynare-

nei. npoeKrupoaquK npeAnonaraer,

qro

anF

ycKopeHrfr

npo_,

qecca

npoaa)Kx npoaaBeq

Moxer Ha npunaBoK nepeaenoKyna-

TeneM BbrnoxlTb MaccoBhrt ToBap a

naqKax, l, noKvnarenb,

3annatrB

roBap,

caM

Moxer B3FTE

ra3ety,

TeM

caMbrM B

npto6pereHue

ra3€Tbt BKnrcqarcTcF SneMeHTht caMoo6cny)Klr-

saHhF, Pa3EutreM

caMoo6cnyxuBaHltF

FBraercF

BhrBeult,Ba-

Hhe

qeHHl,lKoB

Ha ra3eT6t,

npeanoxeHue

caMoMy

noKynarenx)

noacqxrarb

cyMMy 3a

floKynKy u, no Bo3MoxHocrh,6e3

caa9l,

Bpy'{lrrh

ee npoAaBqy,

Tenepb u B onnare roBapa noaBnFrclcs

3reMeHThr caMoo6cnyxhsaHuF.

BHeurHe

coxpaHeHa

cpopMa

,,npoa6xlr

c npoaaBqoM",

coorHouleH|,r

KaqecrB,,o6cny-

xuBaHfie-caMoo6cnvxrBaHue',

noor30unt,| Konh'recrBeHHble

r3MeHeHrH: npoaaBeq aSrnonHFeT MeHbule onepaqri,

3T1,4

one-

paquu

86rnofl

HFer caM

noKynarenb. O6cnyxxBaHre

nprcnoca6-

n!!B6er npoHlrKLllee a Sero caMoo6cnyxuBaHre

noa ce6F:

npo-

aaBeq

BMecTo npxBbrqHbrx

npoqeayp no sbrAaqe

ra3er Ha6nlo-

aaer

3a reM, KaK

npoxcxoAl{r npuo6pereH4e ra3er {He 6epyt

nuwHre,

onnaqeHHbte

3K3eMnnFpbr, npaBr4nbHo

nn noa-

c{yrTsrBarcf

cyMMy 3a noKynKy

a.}.

Bo3MoxHbr

Apyrre

npneMbr

pa3rpy3Ku

npoaaBqa:

ycTpoicTBo

npucnoco6reHrF

aJlF aoSrpoBKr4 ra3eT

HdKaT4eM neaar,

npuoTKpbrsaHue

oKH+Ulenx

npoTanKnBaHhe

qepe3

HeTo aa3etbt no

HaKnoHFofi

dnocKoqrr,

cKnn3y. Toraa

r3MeHaeTca

,t caM Kt,|ocK

He-

cKonbKo yseI4ihEapTca

oKHo

npoaaxu u npltnasoK,

noFBnF-

etcF

oKHo

AAqh

ra3eT6l r,4

Ha6noAas

3a npro6pereHueM

MaccoBoro

roBapa, caM npo-

aaBeu

ToptyeT

HeMaccoBbtM

ToBapoM. Hanx,tne

ABvx

pa3nrq-

Hbrx

QopM

ToproBnu

B oAHoM

npocrpaFcTEe

!r €o3HrrKaEUlUe

nph

SToM HeAoCTATKU,

nepeceqeHre

u cMeueHre npotleccoB,

H+

u36oKHo

npxBoAsr

K ucnoib3oBaH4b

npreMa

3oHupoBaHgrF:

npoctpaHcTBeHHOrO pa3AeneHUS

ASyX

pa3H6tX

+OpM

npoAaxra

TOBapa,

'rTo

o6ecnequBaeT

6onbuee

yao6cTBo

1,4

AnF

noKynaTgL

nF !1

AnA

npoAaBqa.

cneayloqu;

u.rar

rcKnpgeshe

'l3 06'|-

3aHHOCTei

flpoaaBqa

onepaqB

pacgera

3a Mac@syK,

noKynKy:

noFBnaeicF

npucnocobneHreanH

aBToMaTr,tecKofi

on'|otbt

noKynKt

Bhtaag,

ee. llpxqeM

3To He oEToMaT

nO npoaaxe

ra-

3eT rru

cr4rapeT

pe3Btloi

cl,4creMo;

o6ecneqeH4F

aBToHoM-

Horo

cyutecraoaaHxF

(xa

ynrqe,

xanprruepl,

oro nfiurb

gne_

MeHTbr

qqcTnqHot

aBToMaTU3aqUl,

npoqecca

npoaaxrr.

Mop+o-

norhqecK6

3to

nprcnoco6neBue

cyqecTByeT B

cocTaBe

kuoc_

KA,

HO npOcTpaHcTBeHHo

ofAeneHo oT npoaaBqa:

cTeHe

(nocKa,

npoTr.lBononoxHoi

hnu nepneH4xKynHpHofi

3OHe

pa6oT6r

npoAaBqa.

noFBnf,eTcF

OXHo c

y3noM pac{eta

3a no-

KynKy

,r Bbraagu

ee,3snpasKy

npxcnoco6rreHuF

ra3eT6M, npo_

l,r3BoAur

caM

npoAaBeq.

faK

B ra3erHoM

KlrocKe

noFBnF|orcf,

ABa

npoAaBqa:

oAl.lH

aBroMartqecKoe

npMcnoco6ngH6e

ans

npoAaxr

M€ccoaoro,

oAHorunHoro

roa6pa;

Apyroi

_ qeno_

aeK-npoaaBeq,

Koropbri

ornycKaer

roBap.

Tpe6ytouu.!i

6onb_

urxx

3arpar BpeMeH(

Ha npl,o6peretue.

3ruMl,r

MepaMu o6ecne_

quaaeTcF

noBbtuleHre

npor3BoarTenbHoctu

ta3eTHoro

KrocKa,

pnrMr'rHaF,

6ecnepe6oiHaF

pa6ora

npoAaBqa

r, rnasHoe,

nrK-

auArpyeTcf,

o'iepeab,

opraHx3yeTcF

noToK

noKynaTenei.

qTo

xe npoxcxoal.rr

c Ka{ecrBaM!!

A u 46? Hacrynaer

Tperbf,

craarF

E3arMo3aMeHsror

apyr Apyra,

BbrcEe-

qrBalorca

Apyr

apyre.

npM

3ToM Bo3HLrKaer

HeKoropoe

npnHqqnranbHo

HoBoe

KaqecrBo,

He caoAuMoe

Hu K A, Hri K E.

3ro

HoBoe

kaqecrso

o3Haqaer

yctaHoBlrBueecF

KaKoM-To

orBotlleHuu

HoBoe roxAecrBo

l,t

AE. OHri cnrnxcb B

Hoaoe

qenoe,

HoEoe

KaqecrEo:

s ra3erHoM

Kl,4ocKe,

o6cnyxuBae_

MOM npoaasqoM,

noaaMnr4ch

SneMeHTht

caMoo6cnyxM6aHra,

greMeHTht

aBToMarrqecKoi

npoAaxu;

co3aaHo HoBoe

qenoe

ra3eTHhri

KlrocK-nonyaBToMaT,

3To HOAOe

TOXAeCTBO,

He CBO_

ArMoe

Hr K

,,o6cnyr(rBaHrrc,,,

Hl, K

,,caMoo6crvxl,tBaHyE,,,

3Aecr

re npoucxoAut

nonHoro

noanouleHqF

Ala

l\6 B HosoM

KaqecrBe,

or craporo

Kaqecraa

qro-To

ocraerca. Ho

nporcxo-

ArT

nocrosHHoe

ero u3MeHeHre:

SopMy

ToproBn,4

no_

MOrqbK)

,,nonyaBToMaTa" MoXHO nepeEecrra

60n5ulyro

qacrb

ra3eTHo-xypHanbHot

npoAyKtllrI,;

ocTaBUryrocF

npoayKrll,|o

ee 6y4er

3HaqurenhHo

MeHbue,

qeM

npexael,

MoxHo non-

HOCTbTO

BbtnOXrTh

hepea

noKynaTeneM,

npeaocTaBIB

eMV Bo3-

MoxHocrh

caMoMy

6par6 ToBap,

BpyqaF

npoAaBqy

nnary

3a no_

(ynKy.

npaKruqecKl,l

noBTopaerc-F

nepqaF

da3a,,BTopxeHua

caMoo6cnyxrBaHBs",

qTo

6htno

paccMoTpeHo

HaMx

paHbule

oTHOrlleHhr{

MaCCOBOTO

TOBapa.

Crapoe

KaqecTBo

npoAonxaeT

6oporbcF

c HoBbtM,

KaK He-

9TO

6onee

npocToe

c 6oree

cnoxHbtM.

coBepueHHbrM;

rJoBoe

Kaq€cTBo

coeepueHcrsyercs,

npo6yB

ce6F B

pa3nniHbtx

noTpe6xTenbcKrx

cuTyaq,Fx,

ycnonb3yF

HoBbte

TexHl,|'iecKt.le

pe[!eHuF,

npno6peraF

HoBylo

Mop+onorurc

u r.

PaccMarprgan

npoqecc

B3arMonpoBuKHoBeHrF

aBvx

Ka-

qecTa

A l,l 5

Mbr

6pan,

3a ocHoBaHue

aaue,laa

e xeu

ero

@6crBeHByto

crpyNTypHyro

HeoAHopoAHocrb.

OAHaxo

(t|aKTr_

qecKn

nE6oe

ocHoBaHue

npeAcraBnFer

co6o;

cucreMy

pa3nx-

qaloqr4xcF

MeXAy

CO6Ofi 3neMoBTOB,

XOT' X

C O6qrM

cr4creM-

HbrM

KaqecrBoM A. TaK,

E cxcreMe

,,ra3erHlri

KxocK" l,MeercF

oonhuoe

KonglgecrBo

gneMeHToB

coAepxaH[s l.t

3HaqrMocfln :

AocTaaKa

neqaTHoi npoAyKqqt,

pacKnaAKa

xpaHeHxe ToB6pa,

QyHKql,ru

npoAaBqa, Mop+onorrr

KlrocKa, KoHcrpVkunF

ero

r,r

yqeroM

Bcex

cocraBnFoulrx

KapruHa B3a[Moomaxe-

HriF A t,|

6 !r nrc6Ete r3MeHeHuf,

oTBoujeHxrx MexAy Al,l 6,

ao-nepabtx,

nporcxoaFT noa

BnhFHueM

acex

vKa3aHHSlx

3ne-

MeHTOB,

BO-STOpbtX,

BneKyT l,'3MeHeBue

caMux

3neMeHToa. TaK,

c BHeapeHreM

nprcnoco6neHuF

ana

npoaax, MaccoBoro

ToBa-

pa,

+yHKqrlh

npoAaBqa

MetspTcn:

oH cTaHo€lrTca

,;onepaTo-

poM".

l43MeHf,ercF

CnOCO6

AOCTaAK!!

npoAvKqlllr

(SrO

r,lOryr

6brrb

Kaccetbr,

Korophte B rrrnorpaduh

HanonHFK)rcF ra3era-

Mr,

a B

xnocKe

3anpaBnFpTcB B MexaHu3M) 9t t.

laueu npuuepe

poxAeHre

HoBoro

Kaqecrsa npoucxoanr

noA snuf,

HheM

aKTrBHocrM,,,arpeccuBHocrh,,.

KoropbrMh npo-

eKTXpOBUIxK

HaAenFer

caMoo6cnyxlEaHue.

l4Hoi

pe?vnbTaT

nplr

ToM

xe MexaHu3Me

po)KAeHuf,

HoBofo KaqecTBa

66tn 6bl

nonyqeH,

ecnr 66t A u E noMeHFnucb

MecraMlj,

To ecrb 5

ctano

6br ocHoBaHrieM,

a A

(o6cnyxrBaHre)

e euAe

aneApFro-

u.urMcn

KattecrsoM. Pa3BrBanocb

6br

o6cnyxusaHre, noFBh-

nrc6

6bt

AononHrTerrbHbte

ycnyrx

cTopoHbt npoAaBqa, Ha-

np4Mep

KpaTKaH uH4)opMaqxs

coaepxaHuu neqarHsrx l.r3aa-

Hxi,

nH$opMaqus

06 oxrAaeMbrx

nocrynneHuFx,

noA6op nxre-

parypEr

no onpeAeneHHoMy Bonpocy

KhocK npeBpaqan-

6hr B HeKui

qeHTp

pacnpocTpaHeHxE

neqaTHoi npo4vK-

tlrh

npon3ouno

6bt

ycnoxHeHue

cTpyKTypht

o6cnyxrBaHuF.

Bbr6op

MexAy

AsyMs

nontocaMu

napbr

,,o6cnyxlBaHne--ca-

MooocnyxlrBaHue",

Koropbti

npeAcTolrT

cAenaTb npoeKTnpoB-

rqlr

Ky, nonHoctbro

3aBucl,tr ot KoHKperHoi

cnryaqurl

nocra-

HoBXr,r

A{3aiHepcKoi

3aAaqr.

CneAyet

g6parnrb

BHr,rM€H,4e

o6croFrenbcrBo,

qro

aKTlrBHocTh,

3o6peTaTenhHocTt,,BNeApFroulerocf,

" KaqscTB€

raruev npr,rrvrepe

AE)

ecrs

sanor noFBneHuF ri

Da3Burrf,

HOaOTO

KaqecTBa.

Beab

qeM

ocTpee 60pb6a

nporl4sonoroxBo-

cTeir

teM

l4BTeHCUSHee

npOl,lCXOAXT

l,tx B3arrMOOTpaXeHIe

l,l

reM

a 6onbuJei

creneHu

coBepuJaercF

ra3MeHeHele

KaxAofi u3

Hrx

noA so3AeicrBtaeM

npho6peraeMhtx

orpoxeHui-cneAos,

ycnosxsx

pa3pet|leHlrn

nonFpHoi

napbt

H€npf,xeHHocrb 3roi

6opb6br

3aErcur or

gHeprrq,

3arpa'ruBaeMoi

caMrM

npoeKTn-

poaqrKoM.

ypoBHF

ero noaroroBneHHocTl4

h Boo-pyxeH-

Hocr[

pa3nrqHbtMl,4

npoeKTH6rMl,i

MeroAaM]r.

Ho HanpaBneH-

HocTs

ero BoobpaxeHuF

noKanbHylo

,racrs

npo6nenasr

(pae-

peureHre

onpeae'eHHoi

napht

cBoficrB)

3HaHxe

u xcnon63c|Ba-

HUe MexaHu3Ma

poxaeHxF

HoEoro KaqeclBa

B npoqecce B3au-

MoAeicTBuF

npoTuBononoxHocTefi

no3sonf,rcT

Aocfl,tqb

yAaqr.

3aKnEqeHfie

orMeruM,

qno

r3noxeBHbtl,

3Aocb

Meroa

Mo-

xeT

65rTb

ycnaxoM

,cnonh3oBaH

B npaKTuKe

Ar3afiHa, Ho

oco6eHHo

npoayKT4BeH

ycnoarFx

yqe6Horo

npoekJuoo-

aaHnF,

nocKonsKv

no3Bonfier

cTyaeHTy

nocneaoaaTenbHo,

Haqona

koHqa

npocneanTb

HeKoTopste

gepTbt

auaneKruK,

SopMLrpoBaHrfi o6teKra.

METOA]4

OEy'{EH14fl

CTYAEHTOB-A'I3AF

HEPOB

CBEPAAPX14

ocHoBAM

KOMnO31,t

O cyqecree

npof

ecc6oHalbHo-xyAoxecrBeFHoro

F3brKa

ax3aiHa

PaSBurre

cdepbt

Au3aiHa.

xapdKTepr3yeMoe

ceroAHF nof,Bne

HheM

HoBbtx

MeroaonoruqecKrx

KoHqenllrita

noaxoaoi,

pac-

r!upeHheM

kpyr6

ero MDKhpooeccuoHanEHhtx

caa3ei l/t uHTeDe_

cos,

Bce

c 6orlbulei

ocrpoyoi

crasrrr

aonpoc

o nepBoockoBe

npooe'cchoHanbHofi

An3aiHepcKoi

AeBTerLHoc?h, o ToM,,{yo

cocTaBn6eT

ee aKTIaHoe TBopqecKoe Haqano. 9To Bonpoc o cne-

t4x+xqecKoM

npeaM

ere

ar3a;

H-aeF Ten bHocrlr, rMercqlr; Kapa!r-

HanhHoe

3HaqeH6e B

aene

noaroToBK14 cneqxanncraiax3aiHepa.

B caMoM o6qeM Brae ero

pelueHxe

onpeaenf,ercF Kvrb-

TypHo-xcropnqecKoi MAccaer,

au3a'Ha,

xMeHHo HanpasneH-

HOCT6O

Ar3aiHa

Ha ryMaH'r3aqrK) Xl,r3HeHHOi CpeAbr

qenoBeKa.

groi

rr3secrHoi tFopMyno; nexrr eecbMa o6uJr4pfi6ri

nocrof,HHo nononHFtoullricF) nepeqeHb

+yHKrl!r;

A[3aiHa,

cp+

KoTophrx

ero cnoco6HocTb

soBneKarb o6reKTht MaTep anh-

Hot Kynhrypbr B

Mrp oAyxorBopeHHbrx

qenoBeqecKrx

qeHHo-

cTei BocnprHrMaeTcB KaK Bbtculee

aoctrxeHfie,

roBopf,ulee o

nonHoi

rapMoHrn

pe3ynhTara.

l/l xorH B

pa3Brrru

Ah3aiBa

He-

x36exHa

cMeHa

npeAcTaBneHeri 14

qeHHocrHarx

ycTaHosoK,

ecrb

efo nyqLuux o6pa3qax HeqTo, l.Merculee HenpexoaAqee

3Haqe-

Hxe,

3To cqacTnraoe coeAkHeHue BHe|.jlHux npof,BneHrd npeA-

MerHofi

OopMhr

c 6oraTcrBoM coAepxaHxF

qenoBeqecKoro

6br-

TIF, ee nopoal,iBllleto,

cocToaHIe eaIHcTBa aHeuHefo ,t BHyT-

peHHero,

xapaKreph3yeMoe B

ar3atHe

noHFTreM

qenocrHocrh.

npo6neMa

qenocrHocrr4

6brna

ocraercF

ueHrpanbHoi

npo-

deccnoHanbHoi

3aAaqe;

Ar3aiHa,

groM

MoxHo

ronbKo nph.

coearHrrT6ca

yTaepxaeHu€,

'lTo

,,3cTeTIKa ar3aiHa

npoHxK-

Hyla

qen

ocrHocTbK,"

TeM

He MeHee haes

qenocrHocrx

Hyxaa-

eTcF ceroaHf, B 3aulr1e. x He cTonbKo

caMa

no ce6e, cKonbKo

BBrAy.ynpoqeHHbrx

npeacTaBneHui o Hei, Tlpexae Bcero

3To

KacaeTcf,

nonErToK oToxaecTB6Th noucK

qenocTHocTh

c npo-

qeccoM

ToTanbHot onlrMr3aqrr, 3a xo-ropbrMr,r

v6exaeHxe,

'rTo

3cleluqecKoe KaqecTBo x3aenxF o6aeKTxBHo

cKnaabrBaeT-

cf, x3

cyMMbr

.,onrhMyMos"

(KoHcrpyKraBHbrx,

TexHonorr-

qecK9rx,

3proHoM14qecKrx,

corlxonornqecKl,x, cTrnrcTn']ecK?tx

r np,).

Ecrecraexr'rurr,,l npoAonxeHueM

TaKoi

Mbtcnx

6brno 6br

npx3HaHue

cyulecraoBaH6a HeKoi eAHHcrBeHHoi a6conrcTHoi

,rcrrHbr

no orHolueHurc r<

o6leKTy

pa3pa6orKlr,

Koropyro r,t

aonxeH

HaiTr npoeKTxpoBulxK. N4brcnb Ha nepBbrfr B3rnFA

np14BneKarenbHaF,

Ho 3a Heli KpoeTca BBHan HeAooqeHKa cyule-

cTEa npoqecca nepeBoaa uaeanbHErx,,onTuMyMoB" B

KoHKpeT-

Ho-qyBcrBeHHyro

SopMy,

KoropoMy, B

3roM cnyqae.

orBoAxr-

cf,

ponb

nlir!b naccuBHoro orpaxeHxF, He3aaeficrBoBaHHbrMl,

34ecb

ocTa@rcF

qeHHocrr,

l4Ayulue

or aKThBHo.npeo6pa3yro-

ulhx

ycunui

npoeKTupoBuluKar oT

qenbHocIll

14 HenoaTophMo-

cru aBTopcKoro BocnpHFTra

aeicTBurenbHocrt4,

6e3 cy6!-

eKruBHoi aBropcKoi

.,npxcTpacTHoi"

no3qur4r He Bo3HuKaeT

6eHoMeH

xyAox6\crBeHHoao.,,yTpara

((nprcTpacTHocTq))

03-

Haqaer

yrpary

xyAoxecrBeHHocrx"

BonF

aBTopa

npeacraBnFercn

eauHcraeHHoi crnoi, cnoco6-

Hoi nprBecrh

MHoroo6pa3xe npoeKrHbrx rpe6oBaHri K noA-

nl,tHHo

qenocrnoMy

peu]eHxro,

nplr9eM npouecc 3ror Moxer

npoxcxoal,r-r6

IonSKo B oAHoMoMeHtHoM cxBaTErBaHru scex

acneKToB

AeicrBrrerbHocTl{,

oTHroAb He B o6oco6neHHoM

aa'lxeHuu

oTAenbHbrM

nyHKTaM

,,onTuMu3aql,h".

Beab

paHo

nnu no3AHo

ao3Hl,4KHeT Heo6xoAl,iMocTb t13 MHoxecTBa

onrhMyMoB co6p6rb oaHo

qenoe,

KoropaF

Bo3spaqaer npoeK-

rnpoBr4trKa

npaKTxqecKn B rrcxoAHoe nonoxeHue. 14

To.

qro

Bl,lahTcn

noHaqany

KaK

npo9EIIeHue

HavqHoro cIcTeMHoTo noa.

xoAa,

()60paqxBaercF

nuuh

xenaHueM 6btTb ocHoBarenbHhtM,

He rcknroqatou{nM, no

MerKoMy 3aMeqaHu6 fetenH,

,.cnenoi

yqeHocTo,

KoropaF npoxoAfiT

MxMo FcHo ablcKa3aHHoi u npeA-

craBreHHoi rny6xHhr, se nocruras

ee"'**,

cKyccrse 3Ta rny6 HaHeorpaHxq BaercF npaKrHqecKo;

paccyao'{Ho-TeopeTnqecKoi

cTopoHaMl,|

aeFrenbHocrh

qenoBe

Ka, a

yxoahT

rny6xe.

B opraHl/|qecKhi l4HcTuHl<T.

ayxoBHyro

MHryhqxlo. B o6H3arenbHylo

ans

qeioeeKa

norpe6Hocrh

sbl-

ABIT6 CBOl,l noTeHqranbHble

BO3MO)|(HOCTU I HaCnaArtbca,

cnoBaM Kt

l\,4apKca,

,,cBo6oaHoi

r,{apoi" TBopqecKrrx

chn,

pa3aerruMocrb

xvaoxecTBeHHot

aeFTenbHocYl,r

or,,cy6leKruB-

Hoi

genoBeqecKoi'tyBcrBeHHoctl,t"

no3aonner

ycoMHlrrbca

peanbHocTl,l

cyulecrBoBaHhF

oaHo3HaqHoro

.,o6teKT!1BHo_vc'

TXHHOfO"

Ah3aiHepCl<OrO

peureHUn.

BCF npaKrrKa

xyaoxecr-

BeHHOTO

TBOpqeCTBA

HafnAAHO

nOKa3brBaer, KaK

pa3Hoo6pa3-

Hbr MoryT

65tT6

peL!eHfin

3aaaq c.

Ka3anocb 6bl,

oaHorrnHStMr|

hcxoaHbrM|,

aaHHbrMx. apyroe

aeno

oaHo3Ha'{HocTb

pycne

aBTOpCXOiO

VCTAHOBOqHOTO

BUAeHUn UCXOAHO; CXTyaq

h, KOr-

Becb KoMnfleKc npnqglH I o6cToFTenbcrB

npuo6peTaeT earH_

crBeHHo ao3MoxHhr; cnoco6

pa3peu.reHuF.

CMeqeHre

aKqeHTa

c o6reKTuBHbrx o6croHTenscrB

r|a o6pau.leHHylo

K HrlM aKTrB'

HO.npeo6pa3vpqvrc

BonK) xyaoxHrKa noa'{epKlBaeT

06B3a'

TenbHoe

anF alr3aiHepcKofr

aeFrenhHocTl,

npeo6naaaHue co3tl-

aaTenbHoro

Hagana.

5e3 SToro TpyaHo

pacc'lt4ThlBaT6

Ha 3aMeT-

HOe noabtuleHt4e rHAxarayanbHoro xyaoxecrBeHHofo

Macrep-

cTBa

Ar3aiHepa,

O6paqarch, B aroi cBn3h,

ycrof,BrleicF

ceroaHF cxe'

Me noaroToBKh

xyaoxHxKoB.KoHcTpyKTopoB,

MoxHo 3aMe

Txrb,

qTo

uMeHHo co3raarenhHsri

TBopqecK

i acneKT

y're6Hoi

aeFTenhHocTl,4

oKa3btBaercF

3a'racTyto

yuleMneHHhlM.

TaKoBo,

HanprMep,

caepxnBaHue

co3l,raarenbHbrx

nopbrBoB

yqaL{erocF

MoMeHTa c6opa,,hcLrepnhrBarcqe;"

MHOopMaqlr!t, npxBoaH-

ulee K ToMy,

qTo

yxe

6brBael

He B coclof,Hl'l,l HaqaTE

co6cr'

BeHHhri

(aBropcKMil

nohcK.

EMy ocraercf, l,larrl Ha

noBoay

o6croH Ten hctB,

Ta K

ttcqepnaB nnoAoraopHoro

,,cMf,TeHlrfi

TaKrM

o6pa3oM,

npo6neMa ryMaHu3aqrM o6reKToB

Ar3ai-

OKa3brAAeiCfl E nonHOi

3aBXCXMOCTh OT CTeneHX

pa3BXTI4E

ryMaHxrapHhrx

acneKToB caMoi

al'3aiHepcKoi aeaTenhHocrr,r.

B eroi

censl, oco6oro BHrMaHrrF 3acnvxuBaer

ABnxyqaF

chna

xyaoxecfBeHHofo rBopqecTBa, KoYopyo tllrnnep Ha3brBan

,,no6yxAeHreM

SopMe".

OrpaxaF !r3Be'rHoe crpeMneHrre

qe.

noBeKa

caMoyrsep)KAeH! o

nocpeAcTBoM

qero-nx60,

rMeHHo

oho, no

ero cnoBaM,

no3BonBeT,,aHecTri

rapMoHlrto B

MHoroo6-

pa3ue

FBneHhli

1,4 coxpaHtlTg efo flltqHocTh npx Blraol/3MeHFe-

Moc

cocToaHrt...

OHo xoqeT,

qro6br

AeicTBuTenbHoe

66lno

Heo6xoAuMrrM

qTo6br

Be'rHoe fi Heo6xoAxMoe

6hrno

ae;crsx-

renbHhrM"*,

Ho noAo6Hoe

crpeMneHre He Moxer 6brrb

peanu-

30SaHO

B OAHl,tX nrrtllE

paMKaX

npon3BOnhHOrO SOneX3tFBne-

Hl4f, xyaoxHnKa,

BHe

roro

6oralcTBa KoHKpeTHoi

aeicrBrr.

TenhHocTll

TonbKo BMecTe oHlr

nopoxaaK'T

uHA|,Bt4ayanbHylo

HenoBTopxMocrh

aBropcKoro

peueHua,

BocnpxHxMaF xu3Hb

no-xyAoxHrqercKu

nplrcranbHo.

Ar43a;Hep AonxeH

HaxoArrb B

ee npoFBneH!tsx,,cBoi"

Marcp|4an, ioT, 9To ToHanhHo,

prTMl,t-

qecx!r.

cTlnflHcTrr']ecxu MoxeT

pacKpstrr,

B o6nrKe npeaMerHhrx

OopM

noAnrHHoe

nxqo

cospeMeHHocrH, no3ToMy noucK xyAo.

xecTseHHoro B

ar3aiHe

3to He TonbKo

BonnouleHre

peanl,4i

AetcTerTenbHocth,

Ho u orKpbtTue

HoBbtx

,,orKposeHri"

npeaMelHoi

dopMEt.

3Ha,rrMocrh

o6parHo;

cBs3l4 Mexay

dopMoi

ycnoarP.vr,,

ee nopox(aatoulrMl,r, noKa3aIenbHa

npexae Bcero

anF

xyaoxe.

clBeHHoro tsopgecTBa,

9To

aenaeT

ocBoeHxe aKt'|BHbtx xyao.

xecTBeBH6rx

csoicrB npeaMeTBo;

sopMbt

npuHuxnuanbHo

BalKHhrM

B npo(becc

oBanbHoi noaroroBxe

Ar3aiHepa.

Cnox.

HOCTb 14

CBOeO6pa3Xe

3aAaqlr

B rOM,

'rro

npe4MeTHan

4jopMa

He x3o6paxaer

u He BocnpoM3soArr

Hrqero KpoMe caMoe ce6F,

TO ecrb

HOCl{T npeMMyqecTBeHHo

Hex306pa3rTenbHbli xapaK.

Tep,

Bce nyYtr xyAoxecTaeHHoro

oTpaxeHuF

Ae;cTBrrenLHocTI

a npeAMeTHO;

6opMe

BeAy-r K ToMy.

qro

oHar6yAyqx

ycnoB-

Hoi, r,rHocKa3aTerbHoi,

crpoMrcF

Ha accoquauuAx u nopoxAaer

co6oi

Hoabre, Haq6no raKoro

treicTa!tF

e rrcnonb3oBaHlru

*Xata-MaaoMedoe

C.O.

CracreMHhti noAxo4 r,t cqcreMa

KaK

o6reKT

Au3a;Ha

(noneM!r,iecK,4e

3aM erK

l //TexHrgecxas

3creruKa,

1980. ilo

10. c. 4.

Heqaee H.H.

nclrxonoro-neAarorhqecKne

acn€KTbl

noA-

roroBKu

cneqranrcroe

By3e.

M..

1434-Bo Mfy, 1985, C.96.

*+*

fezenh

f.R..b.

ScreruKa: B 4-x

T.3. M,i l4cKvc-

crEo.

1968.

C. 83.

*Aunnep

Co6p. coq.: B 8-Mla r. T.6. l\4,,

'1950.

C.322.

npoFBnesxi,

Bo3aeicTByrou.lxx

Ha Haun

opraHbr

qyBcTa

dop.

MUpy|ol4l4x

3MoqltoHanbHoe I uHTerneKTyanbHoe

BneqalneHtie.

Pe.tb

rAer

06 opraHr30BaHBbtx cocrof,Hrax

itnacrrKx, Koropbte

Haur rna3a

MoryT oTqern4Bo

pa3nnrarb,

pa3yM

onpeaenFrb.

f,cHo BbrpaxeHHbte

cocrof,Hl,tf, tl3FUlecrBa

xnu

MaccrBHocrh.

cnoxHocTrl un, npocrorbr

cnoco6Hbr

Bo36yxaaTb E Hac aMoqux,

Bbt36tsaTb

3cTet|,lqecKoe BonHeHl,le, Br,rBoaaulee,

nonh3yf,ch

cro6aMI n. Kop6rc3be,

,,HauJy

Eocnph!rMqhBocTs 3a

npeaenhl

npriMlrTMBHbrx

oulyqeHri... Koraaqe'|oBeK norHocTLro

l,4cnonb-

3yeT

aaHHsre

eMy cnoco6HocTx

BocnoMuHaHdF,

paccyxaeHxfr,

Kpufu(tl

TsopgecTBa"*.

Petrla|oquM

ans

ar3afiHepa

craHo.

Bl,lTcF eTo BflaaeHre

f,3brKoM

nnacTrKtl, ero

yMeHtle

MSlcnnTb

paccpi<aarh

B KaTeroprlFx Ko H KpeTHo-qy BcTBeH Hoi

+opMbr.

CBF3brBaB,

TaKrM o6pa3oM, cnequO

alr3aiHepcKot

aeF-

TenhHocTv

c co34aHlreM akrrBHoi

xyaoxecTBesHoi

oopMhr,

MLr BCTaeM

nO3Uqr4lo npX3HaHrF

Ar43aiHa

KaK npexAe

Bcero

nnacTltqecKoto auaa rcKvcclBa. otcroa€

noHl,MaHue

{cKnto-

qrTenbHot

ponh

KoMno3Hul4oHHo-nnacrrqecKerx cpeacrB

arr-

3aiHa, cnyxaqnx ocHoeoir earHeHrF

BHet|lHero { BHyTpeHHero.

Cneayer orMerhrb'rcrophqecKy|o

npeeMcrBeHHocrh

aaHHoF

no3ruraI.

BcnoMHr,rM,

'{acTHocTl,l,

l/aerc

,,Bx3yanbHoro',/

o6y-

qeHuF

B. rponnyca,

peanr3osaHHyK,

uM npu noaroroBKe cne-

quanxcroB

5avxav3e.

l,lnx ncuxoaHanuTrqecKui

MeToA

BXyTEMACa-BXyTE

rlHs, nonyquBurrri o6o6qeHre

B nep-

BOM nOCO6I4'r

nO apXUTeKrypHO-npOCTpaHCTBeHHOil

KOMno3lr-

rlr,ir{.

yxe

roraa Bonpoc

pa3BMrrrx

npooeccuoHanbHoro

rrna

MbrurneHMF cocrasnFn npeaMerHoe coaepxasre

yqe6Horo

npo-

eKTUpOAaH F

apxrreKTopos

14 xyaoxHrKoB-KoHcTpvKropoa.

l,l roraa

xe cneqx$xKa 3Toro coaepxaHuF cBa36rBanacb c

Bo-

npocaMl,l KoMno3l4qroHHo-nnactrqecKoi noatoToBKn.

oAHaKo

u cetoAHF KoMno3,lluF HepeaKo noHrMaercF TonbKo

KaK

,,nprnaraTenbHoe'

xyaoxecrBeHHoM

KoHcrpyrpoaaHtx, KaK

cpe4cTBo rapMoHr/3aqux

@pMbr,

a 3Toao, npuMeHrTensHo

TBOpqecKoMy

npoueccv, f,sHo He4ocTaTogHo.

au3afrHep

He noa-

'runFer

KoMno3rrlxX)

npoeKTHoMy 3aMhrcny, a

Hao60poT,

cTpor,4T ero

qepe3,,BocxoxaeHue"

K KoMno3rllur,l. [lo3ToMy

laK BaxHo

yBl4AeT6

B KoMno3utltl,t

yHl,4BepcanbHEti

np4Hq n

rsoplrecKoi

aeFTenbBocrl, a!13aiHepa,

noanxHHo npooeccuo-

HanbHhtM

f,3brKoM Kofoooro FBnFeTcF nof,TuqecKlli f,3btK

ue-

C no3hqul; xy4oxecrBeHHoi

noaroroBKl,t

AH3aiHepa

Heo6-

xoarrMo,

qro6hr

cFopMr4pyeMbre npoeKrHbre npeacraBneH!rF 3a-

KpennFnuch B

ero co3HaH h B oco6oM tiaeanbHoM

nnaHe, Tor-

oH HaqxHaer Buaerb x npeacrasnFTh

ae;crBr,tTenbHocTb

qepe3

np43My

cBoero nposeccrioHanbHofo F3r,rKa

B nnacr4-

Ke, TekToHlnKe,

MaCU.tTa6HOi, CTrrn4CTXqeCKOi

Bbtpa3UTenb-

HocTx

SopMr,r

u r.

AaHHyro

3aAaqy

MoxHo onpeAen,tTb KaK

npo6neMy

peoneKcuL

r,rr,r nepeBoAa

npoeKTHoro

coAepxaHxF

ero onpeaeneHHocrei s

qenocTHyto

crcTeMy KoMno3rqooH-

HO-nnacr4qecKux

oTHoueHui

4x onpeaefl eHnocre;.

llepBbri

uar B sroM HanpaaneHru cBF3aH c

4opMlrpoBaHx.

eM oco6010

npoSecchoHanbHoro

AeHha

Hel,3o6pa3MrenbHoi

+opMbr,

ocHoBe Koroporo rexlrr

y6exAeHxe,

trro

KoMno3r-

qrF (Aaxe

caMaF orBne'{eHHaF} He 6brBaer 6eccoaepxerenh-

Hoi, fosops raK,

Mht

noHhMaeM.

'rTo

Heh306pa3r,tTenbHaF

Oop.

caMa no ce6e He cnoco6Ha Ha npFMyo nepeaaqy llH+opMa-

qr,4.

OAHaKo BHeuHlre

Kaqeclaa

SopMbr

3aFsnFrcT o ce6e

reM,

9TO

pacKpbtBarcT

HaM KapTrHy OnpeaeneHHbtx nn€cTnqecKxx

oTHOL!eHr1i,

KoTOpbre

yxe

cnoco6Hbr

Bo36yxAarb l, Bbt36rEaTb

qenoBeke

noToK npoayKTLBHoro

Boo6paxeHuF.

n0406H6re

oTHOrloHrrF

BO3HIKAOT Cp63y, KAK fonbKO npOnCXOAr,tT COnpu-

KOCHOBeHUe

OqeB

AHhrX

AnA

rna3a nnacT

qecKr,x

pa3nar{|,l'

unu

ToxAectB,

CTaHoBlrTcF so3MoxHSrM

outyTuTb cr4nht

AeicTBr,rF

*Macrepa

apxHTeKTyphr

o6 apxureKrype.

3apy6exHaF

apxnreKrypa

KoBqa XIX-XXBeKoB.

M.;

,lcKyccrBo, 1972.

npoTr,isoaeicrBr,lF,

MaHepy

pa3peLleHxa

KoHonr,4KTa l,l MHoroe

apyroe,

qro

no3BonFer roBopHrb

o cBoeo6pa3Hoi

Konnh3Hr4

KOMnO34ql/|OHHO-n'laCTIqeCKhX

OTHOUeHTi, CO3Sy'rHOi

CO6bF

rxFM

pearrbHoTo

Mupa

'renoBeKa,

Bor no,reMy, K nprMepy, Ma-

neHbKaa

roqKa

Ha 6enoM

6oHe

cnoco6Ha

,,coo6qnr6"

uAerc

,,HeorpaHuqeHHoi

cao604br" unx,,OAxHoqecTBar',

6onbujoi

qepHbri

Kpyr, 3anonHrBUrhi co60i

noqT|,i

ace rso6pa3lrrerbHoe

none

uae()

,,noaaBneHhF".

yMeHxe

BrAeTb

qxcTo

oop-

MenbHbrMx

f,BneH!1BMl,t coaepxatenbHoe HaqaIo noBbtLraeT

npoOecclroHanbHyro

orBercrBeHHocTb

cneqfianlicra 3a Mane;-

url/|e MaHlrnynaqul4

sopMoi,

Ho, B ro

BpeMF,

aenaeT

ero

pa6oTy

6onee

yBneKarenbHoi

,l uHT€pecHoi.

To.

sro

npoxcxoAxr

B 3pl4TenhHo socnpnHrMaeMoi

+opMe

xonnrasun nnacr,4qecKux

orHoueHui aeicrBr,irenbHo

soc-

npuHuMaercB

KaK HeKoe co6brrre,

Aeicrsue),

FsnFercF

aaeKsarHbrM orpaxeHreM

npeaMerHoi

Aeicrsxren6Hocrx.

3ro

cBoeo6pa3Hoe

noapaxaHne ei

FBneHue npyHqunr6rhHo sax-

Hoe

An6,rcKyccTBa

qenoM*.

Cana

ero xyAoxecrBeHHoro Bo3-

aeicTBxF

B cKpbrToM o6paq€Hur K rny6rHHbrM ocHoBaM

MupooulyqeHnn/

K KoMnneKcy

BHyTpeHH,4x

npeanoqTeHnh

qe-

noBeKa,

Korophre onpeaenF|or ero 6ronoruqecKoe, nc[xonoTu.

qecKoe

coqvanhHo-06qecTseHHoe cyulecrBo,

TaxoBo, Banph-

Mep, cTpeMneHhe {enoaeKa K eaxHoBpeMeHHoMy npoABneHrK)

vnopFAoqeHHoro

u HcoxraaHHoto,

K KoMneHcaqfiu

AetcrsuF

npol,lBoAeicTBxeM,

ynoAo6reHxro,,xrrBoi"

AeicrBurenb-

Hocrl4,

sbrasneHulo xrr3Hecnoco6Horo

qenoro

Ap.

14 Bce

3To, BnneraFch B KaHBy KoHKperHLrx

o6croBTenbcrB,

coorHo-

cFcb c

aeicTauTenbHocT6lo,

o6ycnoBnuBaer rHA!rBxayanbHocrb

KoMno3rquoHHo-nnacrxqecKoro

peureHrs.

TaK

yrfinurapHaF

npeaMerHaa

60pMa

HanonHsercn

rny6nHoi

xyaoxecrBeHHbrx

o6o6ureHxi. np, 3ToM

BaxHo,

KaKoro

poAa

rpe6osaHMF

yquTbtBa|oTcF:

KoHcTpyKTr/tsHo-TexHoflotIq€cKxe,

3KcnnyaTa-

qrroH

Ho-frpo rr3BoacTBeH

H bre u

n u

q!r

an 5Ho

-Kyn

bryp H

5'e,

XyaoxecrBeHHbri H3brK KoMno3hquoHHo-nnacrqqecKux or-

HoureHri

npeAocraEnf,er,

3Toi cBf,gu, HeorpaHxqeHHhte

Bbrpa.

3MTenhHhre Eo3MoxHocraa. Eto

6orarcrBo

B caMoo6Hoare-

Hr:/,

nocKonbKy

Bo3H!lKaeT B

cTonKHoBeH9ll,

ycnosHo-noapa-

,{aTenbHoro

dopMoTBop'recrBa

h xoHKperHoro ant aHy'A

,,x.a-

Eoi"

aeicrBl4renbHocrr.

nepaoe

crpeMl,Tcs

K 3aKpenneHhK,

ryMaHxrapHbrx

qeHHocrei,

BTopoe

noaBepraeT

HafucKY

HoBr,rx rpe6oBaHui.

,lMeHHo no3roMy,

poxaeHHaF

B conphKoc-

HoBeHrh Bceo6Luero

r ealtHxqHoro. xyAoxecrseHHaF

uetocr-

Hocrb BcerAa

HenoBTopuMa,

,{eM

o6tFcHFercF ee

HenpexoAa-

Lj.laF

KynbrypHo.rcropuqecKaF

qeHHocrb.

Bce

3ro

no3aorFer

BhrAenrrE

ABa

KoMnoHeHTa

xvaoxecfBeHHoi noafoToBKr4

Al1-

3aiHepa:

06rqylo KoMno3urlxoHHo{rnacr'recKyK)

noaroroBKy,

HanpaBneHHyro Ha ocBoeHne ryMaHxTapHbrx

aocTolrHcTB

Her30-

6pa3lrrenbHoi

SopMbr.

u o66eKrHo- nonorlaqecKyro,

pacKpEr-

BA|oU.IYK)

NYT' XYAOXECTAEHHOTO NPOHI,JKHOBEH

B KOHKPET-

Hbte

ycnoBxF

AeicTB

TenbHocTl,i.

KaK B roM,

TaKla

ApyroM

cnyqae

saxHa

+opMa

BoBneqeHra

cryAeHra

B npeAnaraeMEri MaTepxan, c TeM

qro6!r

o6ecneLrrrb

paBHy|o

cBo6oay

ero

paqnoHansHo-noferqecKrM

l, sMoqlroHanb-

Ho-qyBcrBeHHsrM ycrpeMneHrsM.

TaKoi

OopMoi,

HauJeMy

y6e)KAeHurc,

FanFercF

rrrpa.

xapaKTep|43yeMaF cBofuAoii

vHr,r,r7oxaloqet

scakyrc

cnyqaiHocTb r,4 BcHKyK' 3aBucgrMocTb,

Paccyxaar

3HaqeHu, cocroaBuF urpsr

AnH

ucKyccrBa, lllun-

nep

nucan:

,....8

npuf,rHoM, a

ao6pe,

B coBepuJeHclBe {gnoBeK

npoFsnBeT Tonbko

cBorc cepbe3Hocrb, c KpacoToi xe oH urpa-

et". TonbKo l'rpa B

coorHoueHfi!r o6teKTuBHoro x cy6teKtus-

HOrO

He 36KnroqaeT,

ero MHeHIK,T,,HX BByTpeHHerO, Hrl

BHeuHero

nprHyxAeHrH"**. M. SaxrrH,

noAqepKrlBaF xyAoxe-

cTBeHHyro

HanpaBneHHocTb

(peHoMoHa

htpEt, nIc€n, 9To,,trp6

*Apucrorenb.

06 ucKyccrBe noo3lrr.

M., 1957. C.39-

*+Aunnep

Co6p. mq. T.6.

i.33S.

Bbrsoaxr 3a npeAenbr

o65r'rHo;

'<u3HeHHOi

Koner'..

HA Mecre

xu3HeHHOi

ycnoBHocrl4 cTaBxr

apyryo,

6onee cxaryrc

Bece-

nylo

ynergeHHyto ycnoBHocrE

cTxMynxpyF

reM caMbrM

yr'

nv6neHxe KoH.raKTa

qenoBeKa

peanbHocrblo+

,1rpa o6y,raer,

HanpaBnFer'

pa3s

Baer

l, HaKoHeu,

cnoco6-

crByer

aocrtlxeHfiro

npaKTxqecKoi

qenh.

Bce

3To

aenaer

Becb-

Ma npxBneKarenbHoi

nonbrrKy

npeacras

rb Mlap Hex3o6pa3y-

TenhHoi dooMbr

KaK o6leKr

p*Ynhrar cneqhduqecKoro

ur-

poBoro

AeicrBuF

oeHoMeH

trrpbl

np!{MeHnM

3Aecb

npexae

BCero

FBfleHX|o

KoMno3ullt4oHHo-nnacll,|qecK,4x

OTHOUJeHTt'

ly'MeHHo

s Hlrx

rna3 xvao)KHelKa

cnoco6eH

ycMorperh xrpoBoe

,,apaMarvpruqecKoe"

aeicrBxe,

cneqrOu'recKyrc

M-aHepy,

ro-,

HarbHocrh 3BV'laH

F t r.

n. tlsBecrHo,

qro

eaxHl4ueu

6rpbl,

qeHTpanhHoi

(brrypoi

sBnFercF

ponb.

B Hela306pa3urenbHoi

OopMe

noao6Hyo

OyHKq

rc BbrnonHFrcr

oraenbHble

npoFBne'

HuF

nnacrlnKlr,

3To

MorYT 6blrb

6otee

unx MeHee 3aMerHble

(axrr,rexure)

ineMeHrEr,

3To

Moxer

6hlrb

l, cnoxHaf,

ctcreMa

orHoUleHri.

BaxHo,

,lro

B ocHoBe

xx BblFBneH

tlexnr ra unu

uHaF

6opMa

nporhBonocraBneHxF

(roxOnu<ra)

nnacrnrec-

KXX np!i3HaKoB,

'lTo

x cnyxl/tT Ha'lanoM

l<oMno3HquoHHo-l4rpo-

Boro

aeicrBl,lF,

yMeHre

pa3nfi{arb

aeicrsyloullae

nnacr'qe}c-

Krie

,,nepcoHaxu"

craHoBtlcF

E 3-roM

cny'{ae

cxoaHblM

3ne_

MeHroM xyaoxecTBeHHoro

BraeHuf

npeaMerHon

oopMbl'

3a nport4BonocraBneHl4eM,

KaxxM

6bt cnoxH6lM

l'lrI cna-

6ErM otro H|a

6brno,

o6F3arenbHo

cneayer

KoHKperHbr;

cnoco6

pa3perleHuF

KoHSnuKTa,

Heo6xoal,lM

nepexoa

Bonpoca,

,,'{ro'

B3axMoaeicrByer

K Bonpocy

/,KaK"

3ro

B3auMoaeicr'

Bxe nponcxoAxr,

Hanu'lue

nnacru'lecKux

onnoHeHToB

np'aaer

3ToMy

npoqeccy ueneHanpaBneHHbli

xapaKTep,

AaHHoM

vooEHe

KoMno3ullxoHHoro aeicrerH

BaxHa cornacoBaHHocrb

r,r KoopaxHaqgiF

lnMe|oquxcF

nnacruqecKt'tx

cBF3ei

rlpexae

Bcero 3ro

KooparHaqlrF

nnaHoB

Bocnpr4f,Tl'lF

QOpMbl,

rae

BaxHo cor43MepliTb

crnv

3phrenbHoi

axruBHocrfi

BeaYUl'rx

(conr,rpvrorqr,rx)ra

He;rpanbHblx

(+oHoBblx)

3neMeHloB

Cy-

LllecTBo

n0406Ho;

pa6ort,l

MoxHo

oxapaKreph3C)Barr'

KaK

vpaBHoEleu!lBoHre,

T, e.

aocTMxeHxe

opTaHv30BaHHOi

nonHo'

Thr orHoLrieHri 6opM6l

3a cqer

KoMneHcaqnq

conocraBhM6lx

ntacrxqecKlrx

aBrxeHxi.

flpt 3roM

ypaaHoBerlll,BaHxx

Bax-

HO He CTOnbKO

paBeHcrBo

3aAer;crBoBaHHblx

nt6cTl',1'recKux

BenH'rxH, cxonbKo

TeHAeHqlla,

cTpeMneHhe

K HeMy,

KOTO-

poM

KaK 6hr

|,cnbrrblBaercF

rny6xHa

Bbrpa3rrenEHblx

Bo3Mox_

Hocrei

nnacr,rKx,

pe3vnbrare

SopMa

npuo6peraer

cnoxHbli

MHoron,ranoBbti

xapaKrep.

aenarcqxi

ee Bocnprlf,Txe

6onee

eMKuM

6onee

yBneKarenhHbrM. XyaoxecrseHHoe

HanonHeH|,e

6opM6r

cBF3brBaercF,

raKYM o6pa3oM.

c ru6Kocrbrc

npoqecca

vpaBHoseLlraaH

c Bosne'leHl4eM

B rlero

ulr'lpoKoro

cneKrpa

nnacru'{ecKlax

cpasHeHhi,

Aocrr)KeHueM

oco6o;

nonn60Hx14

cpaBHeHui

KaqecrBa,

o6ecnetruBarcqero,

no Ml1eHx|o

Mccne

aoBarenei,

xetaHHoe anF

qenoBeKa

'lvBcrBo

eaMHeH'lF

PacnpeaeneHhe,,pone;"

fi nprHFrxe

npaB14n

KoMno3uql'4oH-

Hoi

|,{rpbr o6peralor

cBoe co3uAarenbHoe

3HaseHue

ronbKo

KOHreKCre KOHKpetHoi

ueneBoi

ycraHoBKul aBropa

Heo6xo-

ar,lM

MoMeHT,

KOrAa

B !lrpv

aonxHa

BKnrcquThcF

TBopqecKaF

BOnf, xyaoxHl,{Ka,

noHrlMa}oulero,

qro

6e3

Bceo6}eMfl

toqero

KpxTeprF

ycroHrb

nepea

pa3Horonochqei MHoTo'll4cneH-

H"rx, xorF 6b'

u caMbtx 6narrx

HaMepeHxi.

Kro xoqer

6srru

Bceo6ulxM,

6yaer

HuqeM, caMoorpaHuqeHue

Heo6xoanMo

xy-

ao)KHxr(y',

raK Bblpa3rn

3To

rpeboBaHue

reTe***

Ponb no-

ao6Horo-

nouMaHa

pa6ore

c Hex306pas4renbHoi

SopMot

01-

agaxruH

M, TBopqecreo

OpaHcya

Pa6ne l,

HapoaHaF

Kynbrypa cpeaHeBeKoBbF.

M.;

Xya. nvreparYpa,

1965.

255

**Teoprs

KoMno3uqqx

B coBeicKoi

apxxreKrype.

M.:

CrpoiM3Aar,

19A6. C.

229.

,,+fere

t/|.8. 06

hcKyccrBe

i l.4cKyccrBo,

1975

c.30.

BO[rrtcF KoMnosrql,oHHo-nracTrqecKoi

xaee.

Ee 3aaaqa

npxaarb BceMy

60raTcTBy

nnacrhqecK14x aBl'4xeHui

eaxHyto

qeneByK)

HanpaBneHHocTb,

cnoco6cravKtulylo

BbrFAneHhK)

pe-

urarouero

KagecrBa

qenoro.

TaKoBoli,

K npuMepy

Moxer

6blrb

lnaef,

co3aaHhF

6onbuloro

B ManoM,

uaeF npeoaoneHuF

He3a_

BepLlleHHOCTl,l

MeTpuqecKl{x

nOBTOpOB

t'l

T n'

Hanuque

raeu o3Ha{aer

rBopqecKoe

npeoaoneHxe

nnacrn-

qecKoro

Malepuana.

nepexoa

oopManhHooTsneqeHHblx

cpeacrs

rapMoHu3aurara

(raxrx,

KaK

nponopq9toH14poBaHue,

Dl4TMXqecKOe

COrnacoaaHue,

cTrnrcTgqecKoe

0606qeHl4e

np,) K KoHKpeTHo-'ryscrBeHHoMy

KoMno3l,ll,oHnoMy

peue'

Hr,rK,. OnDeaeneHHocrs

{reHaexLl14oexocru)

KoMno3tllll'roHHo-

nnacruqecKoi

9!aex

HeMbrcnrMa

BHe co3l'rAarer|bHo'TBopqec-

/'ux

ycunui npoeKTxpoBqnKa.

flo3roMy

oHa Moxer

paccMar-

puBarEcF

He ronbKo

KaK onopa

coaepxarenbHocr[

Hex306pa_

3lrrenbHoi

nnacrHKlt,

KaK cpeacTBo

c6nxxenxF

yrrnu-

-rapHhrxln

xyaoxecTseHHhlx

3HaqeHui

+opMhl.

Beab

,,pa6o-

qee

npeaHa3HaqeH

Beql4 He ecrb

HegTo,

He ocMhlcnllBaeMoe

o6ps3Ho"'.EcrecrBeHHo,

qro

Bcrpeqa

yrl4nrirapHoi 3aaa'{x

{ocHosHoi

xaeu seru )

rl KoMnoauuxoHHo'nnacr

cecKot

'Ae'

He o3Haqaer

cocrhlKoBKv

y)Ke

cnoxuBLllrrxcF

KoMnoHeHToB

l4MeHHo

3aecb

npo cxoAl'{T

xx noAnuHHoe

poxaeHxe, KotAa

,,MaTepuan

nnacr!{qecKu

o6ocTpaeT

xaerc, oHa

)Ke,

cao€

oqe'

peas,

rcnbrrbrsaer

MaTepuan

B HoBbrx

cl'lTyaurax,

o6Hapyxr'r-

saf,

cKpr,rrEre

pecypchl

eTo

Bblpa3uTenhHocru...

*'.

3HaHre clanbHbtx

cocroFHHi

nnacrrKr,

yMeHxe

npl,aaaarh

qenoMy

ocrpoTy

KoMno3rqvoHHoi

xael4 cocraBnFror,

HecoM-

HeHHO, BeAyulyro

co3l,laarenbHylo

cTopoHy

xyao)KecTBeHHoro

norcKa. no3ToMy

or6op

HaKonneHxe

THnonoTFrecKu ,,qqc_

Toro" KoMno3rluxoHHoro

Marep ana

FBrFercR

BaxHeiL!xM

vcnoB|4eM !:rpodeccuoHanbHoro

pocTa

aa3aiHepa

oco6eHHo

none3Hoi

B 3roi csF3r4

npeacTaBnFeTca

xaeF

QopMl'lpoBaHxF

csoeo6pa3Horo

6aHKa

xoMno3fi

ql,loHHo-nnacTx'{ecKl,x MoAe-

nei, n3EneqeHHbrx

KaK

u3 nyqt|lxx

o6pa3qoB

apxl,reKTypbl, Al'-

3aiHa x

x306pa3urenhHoro

ucKyccrBa,

TaK

!, l'43 nrqHbrx

Aocru-

xeHui

npoeKruooBtqxKa.

TaK,le rvroaenra

(peanrooeanrsre

roadxqecKoi

un, o6leMHo'npocrpaHcrBeHHoi dopr'ae)

carvr'r

ce6e

He Morvr cnvxhrb

rocHblM

EonnotqeHueM

KoHKperHoi

xyaoxecTBeHHo-KoHcrpyKropcKoi

3aaaqr.

3To,

cKopee,

a6cr-

paKqrM,

cxeMhl,

HO, 86lpaxeHHbre

RpKO

x cneqxsu'lecKuMx

anF ax3airHa

cpeacrBaMu,

oHh o6perator

cuny

yBneKarcuero

npt4Mepa.

AHanx3 Bo3MoxHocrefi

6 nepcneKTuB

!rcnonb3oBaHhF

TaKo_

ro MaTeouana

noxa3blsael

ero

nprMeHxMoclb

K npooeccuo-

HanbHoMy

p€ueH

rc MHoxecrea

npoeKTHbtx

3aaaq.

ToM xe

crpeMneHut K

earHcTBy

yr4tuTapHoro

14 xyaoxecrBeHHoro

Ha'rana M6l He

MoxeM

aonvcTl4Th

yqeMneHuF

3HaqeHxx

Hl'l

To-

ro,

apyroro

EAMHcrBeHHhri

nyrb

licKarb rpaHb

KoropaP

3aKpennFer xx B3ahMoKoMneHcdpyrou.ree

{xorF

Heo6F3arenb

paaxoe)

cocToFHxe.

Xopouo x3aectHo,

qro

KoHTeKcre

vrunrrapHbrx

3Hace|xi

pa3nt'leH

HaL!

ypoBeHb xyAoxecrBeH_

Hhrx npurF3aHu; K npeaMerHoi

+opMeI,a

Mepa

noao6Hblr

pa3_

nr,rql,{i.

3ro Bonooc

npodecchoHanbHo;3ruKx

att3aiHa.

6e3ycnoBHo

ro,

qro

3Ta Mepa

Moxer 6brrb

BblpaxeHa

nnacr,-

'recr<fi,

coorBercrByloqe;

rny6uHe

60rarcrBe

accoqxarha_

Hbrx cBF3ei KoMno3xr.tuoHHo-nnacTh,{ecKoi

uaex.

B noao6Hoi 3aBxcltMocrl,r

Moryr 6brrb

pacKpblrbl h

cirnhc-

ruqecKl{e npoFsneH,rF,

x onpeaeneHHbre reHAeHq

ll B

dopMo-

o6pa3oBaHuu. flp,tMep

KoMno3

q|nu

MoHApuaHa,

3aKpe'

nxBurhe B

cBoeo6oa3Hofi

opHaMeHrenbHoi cxcreMe

o6ql,e

qep-

'AeMocbeHoea

f-n.

npo6ne'./'t| B3a!rMocBfl3r4

o6pa3Ho'

cru x

QyHKqru

ari3aiHe//KoMno3uq|noHHbre

cpeacrBa|,

npll_

eMhr xyao)<ecTBeHHoi

shrpa3rrenbHocru

al,r3afiHe.

M., 1982

C, 63.

(TpyAEr

BH1414T3.

Cep.

T^-HrqecKan

3creruKa;

Bhln.

33)

'"TaM

rbr

,,HoBoro

cTrnF". EcTecTBeHHo,

arF

KdKAoao cThn€Boro H€-

npaBneHna xapaKTepHa cBoF KoMno3ulluoHHo-nnacfl/tqecKaF

cucteMa, 3HaMeHyoulEF Bco ror

x€

nepeBoa rpe6oBaHrfr

,,xr.r-

Bot"

aeicrBl.rrenlHocrgr

B KoHKpeTHo-qVBcrBeHHyrc

6opMy

npoaMera.

STo noKa3areibHo

l,r

anF

Tex HanpaBneHui

xyao-

xecTBeH

oro

notcKa,

KoTopbre

6nernnpy|oT K cMbtcny l,

3Ha{e.

H,llo OrO6pAXAeMOrO,

Aa){(€

OrpXqaHro

nnacThqecKoro, orKa3

norcKoB

OopMe,

xapaKTepHsri, B

gdcrHociM,

Atrr

KoHqen-

Tyanr3Ma,

r36aBnHeT oT

Heo6xoaxMoct,

pa6oTaTb

Sop-

Moi,

a Hao6opor, Tpe6yer eqe 6onee roHKoro

r,r u30ulpeHHoro

K HE OTHOIjjEHTF.

Ps3Bt4Txe

xyaoxecrseHHo-fl nacrrqecKl,|x

npeacraBneHri

KaK

CnequQrqecKoi

oopMht

npooeccuoHsnsHo-xyaoxecTBeH-

HOiO

Bt|AeH A

3aiHepa

MHOTOM 3aSUCrrT

OT MeroAr4qec-

Koi HsnpaBneHHocrx

Vqe6Horo

npoeKTfipoBaHuB.

fnaBHoe

3AeCb

npeoaoneTh oTqneHeHue KoMno3rqru oT caMoro

npo-

uecca

npoeKTnpoBaHuF. noao6Hoe oTqneHeHre Heu36exHo,

KOaAa KOMnO3unrK'

nhrrarcTcf, npr4cno@6rtb

K H€6opy

yxe

cnoxrBlur4xcn

npeacTaBneHhi 06 o6!eKTe,

qro

4cKnoqaeT

BnuaHre

o6p6THoi cBf,3x, x6paKTepgl3yeMoe, KaK Mbt

yxe

sbr-

FCHnnU,

3HaqrrerbHbtMr.r

co3uaaTenhHo-npeo6pa3y6r.r.]l,rMh Bo3-

MoxHocTaMrr,

gToi

xe npuglrHe KoHeqHbri

pe3ynsraT

npoeKn4poBaHrF

MoxeT

paccMaTprBaT6cF

KaK BonroLueHne

oaHaxabr

ycBoeHHoro

ucxoaHoro MaTephana

npoeKTHot crrya-

rlrr,4. 3a

pe3ynbTaToM

npouecc

Bocxox4eHuF

npogKTHbtx

npeacraaneHui

no cryneHFM

l<oHKpern3aqh!r,

KaxaaF

er3 Koro-

phrx

cflvxl,rr eule u uHcTpYMeHToM xccneaosaHxs

ae;cTBrTenb-

HOCTT.

AnS

An3aiHepa

KaK 65r He CyqecTByeT

,cgepnbrBao

qo-

ro ncxoaHofo Mareprana,

aBsxeHue

pg3ynbraTy

npoucxoalrT

no nHHnu

yrny6neH

nepecMoTpa

u aBTopcKot

rHTepnpeta-

tlgL Hcnonb3yeMbtx

aaHHbrx.

CTflpasHhrM

nyHKToM 3roi

aeFTenhHocrr4

Moxer 6brrh

ronbKo

uenocTHoe

npeacrasneHue o 6yayqeM

pe3ynr,Tare

opueHTlp, o6ecneqrBapqxi Heo6xoanMyrc

anF

TBopqecTBa

cBo6oay oco3HaHHoro Bbr6opa. noucK TaKoro

opueHTxpa

or-

BercrBeHHaF

!l cnoxHaf, 3aaaqa.

3aec5

AonxHo

65trb

no'

cneuJHbtx

nonhtToK oTeeTrTb Ha

sce Bonpocbl tt cHFTb

Bce npo-

TuBopequf,, 3To nouc( rraBHoro, Toro,

qro

cnyxur coxpaHe-

Hhlo noanrHHo

ltenoaeqecKltx qeBHocTei.

Toro,

qTo

B o6q€M

BUAe

OnpeaerFeTcF

npo6neMoi ryMaHl/t3aurx cpeabr.

3a6cb

Heo6xoArMo oco6oe orHoueHre K

AeicrBxrenbHocrr.

c6oeo6-

pa3Hoe

BxuBaHl,e.

HanpaBneHHoe

Ha To,

'{To6ht

xt43HeHHafi cpe"

crana nepexrBaeMoi

cpeaofi

(nlo6uMoi

l/|nx Henrc6riMoil.

Toraa u

peanlr3yercF

..no6yxaente

SopMe",

o KoropoM

roaoolrn lllunreo.

KoHKperHo-'{yEcrEeHHbrfi

a3brK

KoMno3ullr,roHHo'nnacrl,lqec-

Kr4X OrHotlle ni npeacraBrFercf,, a 3Toi cBf,3r. ecrecBeHHbrM

cpeacTBoM

peanu3aqrri

ucxoaHbrx

npeacTaBneHri

o )KenaeMoM

pe3ynbTaTe.

oTcyTcTB{e Ha nepahrx

gTanax

aeHTe'|sHocTl4

Toq-

HOrO

yLreTa

BCeX napaMeTpoB 6yayqero

143Aenua npeanonaaaeT

cooTBercTsyKrulylo

(6onee

.,qrcTo"

BbrpaxeHHyp)

OopMy

Bbr-

FBneHuf

npoeKTHoro op[eBr

6 Bl4ae KoMno3uq'roHHo-

nnacTxqecKo; ,Aer.

yxoa

noapo6HocTei, nplr 3ToM, cTrMy-

nupyeT no[cK

HosaropcKxx,

HerpaaxqlroHHErx xya9xecrBeH-

Ho-o6pa3H6rx

petrleHxi,

cHhxaer

AaEfleHre

co cropoHbr

aHano-

T06

CnOx('rBmrXCF CTepeOTrnOB. oAHaKO

O6S3aren6HOe

AanhHeirleM

norpyxeHue B KoMnneKc npoeKTHbrx

peanbHoc-

rei

He cHrxaet co3r,iaaren6Ho-npeo6pa3youlei

porr,

xoMno3tr-

tlt4r. KaxAhri

60nee BbrcoKl,li

ypoBeHb

KoHKpeTr3aqttr,

pe3Ko

pacuJhoFF

Ha6op

dopMoonpeAenrloulrx OaKTopoE,

6yaer

Ho-

BblM l,lcnblTaHl,eM npo'lHOCTr, tl rCTl,lHHOCTrl KOMnO3ItqUOHHO_

nnacrrqecKoi

uaelr, Ho oH )Ke 6yaer

coepoi

BbrFBneHuH Ho-

Bbrx ao3MoxHocTefi

yrny6neBltn

l/t coaepuieHcTBoBaHvF.

TaKuM o6pa3oM, o6HapvxuBaercr HecoMHeHHoe

anrFHue

tBopqecKux Bo3MoxHocre;

caMoi

KoMno3xr.llroHHo-nracrhqec-

(oi

haeu

xyaoxecrseHHbri

ypoBeHb

o6reKTa

Ax3aiHepcKoi

pa3pa6orKu.

3arparuBaF rny6rHHbte ocHoBbt npo$ecruoHan6-

HOrO

MbruneHlrr

a43atHepa, HanpFMylo

shrBoaB

ero K cneqn-

Sti,{ecKor

OopMe

BrAeHrF r.r,,BbtcKa36t86Hu6",

KoMno3uuroH-

Ho-n'|acTl,qecKaa

raef, cTaHoBlltca

cBa3ypull,tM

3aeHoM

t4HTen-

neKTyilIlbHo-no3HaBaT6nhHoro

u 3MoqroHanbHo-qvBctBeHHoro

npoHhkHoBeHxf,

4r43atHepA

B npeAMeTHyto

AeiCTBl,tTersHOCTs.

MeHee BaxHo

3HaqeHre

co3r.raarenbHo-npeo6p63yoqero

Ha-

gana

KoMno3rul,toHHo-nnacTrqecKoi

raegl. Bce oTo no36orlFeT

paccMaTpreaTb

npo6neMarfi

Ky KoMno3lirlr.toHHot

ntacTskll

KaK

nprH4hnuansHo

BaxHbtt 3neMeHr

nposeccroB6nbHo-xyao-

xecTBeHHot noAroToBKl,r

Nngal,Hepa,

KaK

peanhHsri

nyTb

6op-

Ml,rpoBaH

a xyaoxecTBeHHoro

MacrepcTaa,

nyt6 K noan9lHHo-

14ryrerre

ocroa

KoMnoa/tqt,rr Ha Ha{athHoi

crynerx

o6y'teHuf,

arsaiHepoB

CyqecrB6HHoi oco6eHHocrbro

H6qanbHoro 3Tana

Bbtcuiero

ar'

3afiHepcKoro o6pa3oeaH

F FBrFercF HeaocTaroqHocrb,

'{ac_

norHoe

orcyTctBtre

a6xrypueHToB onbrTa

npooeccro'

HanbHoi

aeHTenbHocrn.

O6yqeHue

B BbrcuJei uKone nprxoal,tr_

cF HaquHarh c,,Hyns". c caMoio

nepaofo 3HaKoMctBa

c npea_

MeroM. l4

noroMy

oco6yo

gH€quMocrb

nprooperaer

BepHaH

nocraHoBKa

nponeAeBTrqecKhx KypcoB, cfloco6Hbrx

cd)opMtt-

poB€Tb

B co3HaHugr

y'ra

L!u, xcs_ He, cKaxe H Hy|o

KapruHy

npo(bec'

ctoHanbHoi

aesrenbHocru,

ee crpyKTypHoi ocHoBbr. OaHttM

TaKllX nponeaeBn4qecKhx KypcoB TpaauqroHBo

f, BnFeTcB Kypc

KOMnO3rqr,ioHHOrO

MOAenXpOBaHUF

XyAO)KeCTSeHHO-KOHCTpyK-

TopcKoi

SopMbr.

CTaHoBneHl4e npodeccxoHanbHoi

aeBTenbHocrx

cneqnanrlc-

Ta uaeT

nocJreaoaaTenbHo

14 HenpepbrBHo,r,r

pa3BrT|,e

AuSaiH9pa

He 3a8epuaercB c oKoHqaHheM

4HcrnryTa.

tjo

npoh3aoacr'

BeHHoi

aerrenbHocrr,r

BbrnycKHl4Ka By3a 3ror npoqecc

npoaon'

xaercf, crvxuiHo,

o6y{eHuv

t(e ecrb Bo3MoxHocrr.t

(DopMt_

poBaHxF

tBopqecKoro

MeToaa

qeneHanpasnoHHo,

B npouecce

HayqgHnF npoAyKTgrEHbrM cnoco6aM

h-np.r€MaM KoMno3uqlroH_

Horo MoaenrpoBaHrF o6reKToB. OcBahBaeMbre

cnoco6st

pas_

BIaarcT cnoco6Hocr4

crvaeHTa,

craHoBHTcF

4HcmvMeHTarb-

Baer

3HaqrMocr,l.

B coaepxaHx, ou9!11:3!9Il_pEll[91"

xa,,renn cny"ae

:-i;;;6t6;;;F;;;6!a)

Baxiiiuhrvrl

cTaHoBf,TCf Te CiOCO6HOCtU OpraHU36tll4,r

(DOpM6r,

B KOTOpbIX

HbrM

cpeacrsoM

npeo6pa3oBaHuF

aeicrBurenhHocrtt

u a ro xe

BpeMF BaxHeiul,rM

ycnoBreM

OopMnpoBaHl/tf,

nrqHocru K€K

npoOecchoHanbHoro

ar3atHepa.

*Hereee

H,H,

ncnxonoro-neAarorrqeckre acneKTbr.,.

c.59-60.

B3arMoc6r36 3aaaq

ycBoeHi4F

Meroaa u 3aAaq nonyqeBra

npodecc,4oHanbHoro

pe3ynbrara

pa3Hhrx

sTanax o6yqeHra

pa3nhqHa.

TaM, rae

raer

ocBoeHxe ocHoa

npo+eccltoHanbHoi

aeFTenbHocTr,r,

BaxHeg

cTaHoBr,rTcF

x3yqeHue Meloaa;

Koraa xs

npoaorxaeTcF

p€3BxTue

npoceccnoHan6HElx npeacTaBneHui,

6onsuryro

3HaqrMocrb

npxo6peraer

ycraHoBKa

aocrvt)KeHre

npooeccuoHanbHoro

npoayKTa'. Ho x Ha nepBoM 31ane,

c npe-

o6naaaoqei opneHTupoBKoi

Meroa,

p€3ynbrar

yrpaqu_

Hax66ir-ee iicTitMaropr,ranx3vercf,

l.r3yqaeMhrt cno@6

aef,

Tenb_

cnoc!6

4eFTenhHoctl,t

ocBattBaercF.

Eqe

oaHoi

BaxBoi oco6eHHocrb|o

nepBoro 3Tana

o6yqsHuF

aBnFercf, To,

qro

ocaauBaeMlre

npooeccroHanhHbl€

aeicrBsfi

cyLuecrByror

aJrF

cryaeHTa

KaK

EHetuHf,f,,

xecrKo

pernaMeH.tn'

poBaHHaF

cucreMa

aearenbHocrrr.

nphHqrn,

nexaqrt B

ocHoEe

aeicreui

neaarora Ha

groM

3Tane, onpe4enFercF

kaK,,o6!eK'

rvBaquF

npooeccroHan6Hbtx

rBopq€cKr,rx

aeicrBni",

co crpo-

ro onpeaeneHHoir nocneAoBaterbHocibro

nptteMoB

l.r

cno@608,

q6Koi

nocraHoBKofr npoMoKyroqHbrx 3aaa{

ycnoBltt

l,tx

pe-

uJeHxF.

rny6oKoe

noHrMaHrre

h3yqa!!4!t!_!E!!gl!qg41959:

HoMepHocTei co3AaHlrF

KoMno3uqtloHHo coBeprueHHoi

.tvtnMhl

MO)KeT

OCHOBbtBafbCH

TOnbKO HA

AraneKTrqeCKOi

oqeHKe 6B-

neHlri. OcMErcneHue nporrrBopeqrBbrx'rscrei

qenoro

6tKctt-

pyeTcF

npuHqrnoM

,,pacqneHeHrf,

no MeToay",

KoTopbli onpe_

aenFeT

taKyo nocTaHoBKy 3aAaHui, Koraa

MaKchManbHo

Lllu-

poKo

npeacieBrf, eTcF

Arana3oH

Bo3MoxHbrx npeo6pa3oaeHrtl

3aaaqh nvreM cpaBHeHxF nporuBononoxHocrei.

l,,l eqe oauH

Bar6onee o6q,4i

npxHrllrn o6yqeHuF

onpeAentercf, KaK

,,Ba-

pxaHTHoe

MoaenfipoBaHhe". 3To o3Ha96eT,

'{To

oaHa

ln T6

3aaaqa

Moxer

peuarscn

nopa3HoMy, a

noHhMaHre MHoroBa'

aHTHOCTI4

peueHui

(bpMupyer

Heo6xoahMyrc rh6kocrb

MhrurneHrB, raopqecKlri npo6eccl,o+ran6Hhri

noAxoa! .

CyqecrBeHHoi 3aaaqei Haqanhnoro

o6yqeHua f,Bnf,ercn

aenupoBaHurc

QopMbr

nprMeHeHfisM rpaohKu

qBeTra.

fp6-

orqecKoe

MoaenrpoBaHue

paccMarpraaerca

KaK cpeacrso

no3HaH'F O6TeKTOB

OKpyr€roqslo Mrpa

cpe4cTBo xyao-

xecrBeHHo-KoHcTpyKropcKoro TBopqecrBa.

c ero noMoulSlo_

MO)KHO l,CqeOnbrBarcUle

Sbrpa3slb cBoicTBa u Kaq€c186

06!eK'

-ndi-:

p-air,ftp

iili6-iE-rpV

rq fuo,_-orrolr-esa n -n-peaM;iionl;;

npupoaBo!r cpeaox, rapMoHlrlo

oopM,

nponopqxu, crarrqHocrb

pa3Burre

npo+eccxoHanbHoi

3opKocrlr

Ar3atHepa,

yMeHrf,

Buaer6

a o6reKTe xapaKTepHbre

qeplbr,

yMeHuF

aaBars

oueHKy

yBxAeHHoMy.

HaKonreHve BuiyanbHoro

onbtra Heo6xoarMo

AnF

pa3BnruB

npaeunbHot caMooqeHKlr

AnF

pa3Bhr'1F yMe'

Hua craBrrb ce6e KoMno34lll,ioHHy|o

3aaa{y KaK opueHT}tp

aea_

TerbHocrh,

,,Br,4aefb'

ocHoBy

peureHrF

3aMhrcna

npexAe,

rleM

HagrHaercF

ps6ora.

3To oco6eHHo

BaxHo

anf,

pa3BlrruF

qene_

Hanp6BneHHocf

aetcrBMi,

CoaepxaHve

KoMno3rttr4oHHoi noaroroBKtt

onpeaenHer

Macura6!l Macuta6Hocrb, KoHTpacr-HEaHc,

crMMerpuF-

acrMMerpqfi, crafnKa-arHaMuKa).

B xoae

l,3yqeHxF

coaepxa-

HvF KVpCa

AOn)|(Hbr

pa3BUEaThCB

KOMnO3uqUOHr.thre

CnO@6HO-

cT cryaeHToB, cBoicTsa

nfiqHocrrr. cocTaBtf, KrLqne cTpyKTyp-

HyK' OCHOBy npO+eCClrOHaflbHOi

AeFrenbHOCTx.

K HrM OTHO-

CFTCF

npOCTpAHCTBeHHble

npeACTaBneHua

n npOCTpaHCTBeHHoe

MStUrneHIe

(oIsne,{eHHbti

aH€rlr3

cl4HTe3

noocrpaHcTBeHHblx

np,r3HaKoa

u orHoueHui),

gyBcrBeHHhri

aHanu3

+opMbr

B xo-

aKtuBfroi npaxr

qecKoi

aeFTen6HocTr,r,

npocTpaHcfaeHHoe

BOO6paXeHre,

npou3BonbHoe

onepnpoaaHue npocTpaHcTBeHHbr-

Mh o6pa3aMlr B xoae BbrflonHeHhF TBopqecKrx 3aaaHui. a

raK-

xe cnoco6Hocrr,l K

r(oHcrpyrrpoBaHrlo, KoroprcflrqecKre cno-

co6Hocr,

T. n.

Cneqrainunure

n o6qxe cBoicrga

nu'rltocrv

pa3guBarorcf,

npx npuo6peTeHuu

npaKTir{ecKI4x

yM€Hl4i.

3rO

yMeHXe

aHanr_

3l,tpoBaTb r crHTeS[poBaTh

a6crpaKlHble

l.r KoHKperHhle

npu'

3HaKh o6reKta

npx coorHec€Hl,lh

06u.tl,tx

KoMnoStlllrloHHbrx

aptiHtldnoB c KoHKpelHblMl,

3aKoHoMepHocTaM4

nocTpoeH,lF

Kaxaoi KoMno3xrtl{t,

3To x

qeneHanpasneHHocrb

Aeicrsxi'

KOTOpa8 COSepUTeHCTSyeTCS

yMeHreM

406rTbcf,

cooTBeTcr-

B F 3aM6rcna ero

BonnoureH'1€,3aBepLleHHocru

pa6orbl. TEop-

{ecKoe Boo6oaxeHue cBf,3aHo

vMeHueM

co3aaTb

Henoapaxa-

renbBbri

3aMbrcen,

orseqaK,ullri

nocraBneHHoi 3aAa'le.

3pr'

TenbHoe

BocnpuFTre

3purenbHaF

naMf,Th coBepueHcTByotcF

nplr

pa3Bxrxh

Ha6noAatenbHocrr,

npooeccuoHanbHoi

3opKo-

cr4,

yMeHl'F

3anoMnHarS

3prTenbHble

anegaTneH14F

t{ socnpo43-

BOArrTb rrx.

HaKoHe4.

cnoco6HocTl,

K KorlcTpylrpoBanl'K,

BOCnU_

TBTBaTTCF C

yMeH14eM

BbrFBnATb CTpOeHUe

aHanu3rpyeMoi

tbopMbr.

caMocronrenbHo

KoHcrpyxpoBarb

o6LeMHble

MoAenr,

nepeaaBarb s3al/|MooTHotrjeHelF

o6!eMos

s MaKeTe

fi tpa+nKe.

tlocneaoBarenbHocrb

o6yqeHuf, Ha

Ka$eape

npoMt luneHHo-

ro !4cKyccrBa caepaApxrl onpeAenf,eTca

nepexoaoM

l'l3yqe-

HrF

nnocKocrHofi nrHeiHoi rpadlr'{ecKoi

KoMno3l4l-tlrv

K ax-

poMaTxqecKoi

l,r

qseToso;

4nn@3opHo_npocTpaHcTBeHHot

KOMnosrLlr4r. a 3areM

K o6leMHoMy

l,l npocTpaHcYBeHHoMy

Mo-

creneBHo;.

jlsHHFMl,|

MoxHo opraHM3oearb

nnocKocrb !nl,r

p63-

pyruai!.

4s.

hapanneiulo b-giur.,r

eio,i"icn no'rrrir? eatrtcria

r,f BEtpabtieFhHoc KoMno3xr{ri.

Aa|orcF

cBeAeHuF

rxhorlo-

rr,

KoMno3rquoHHbtx cxeM

I ocHoBHS|x

oTHot!eHuf,x

l,lx

3ne-

MeHToB.

TaK,

Anf,

koMno3rrtr,ri c oAHr,rM

qeHTpoM

ocHoBrtbtMt4

aBnFlorcF orHouieHrF

qeHtpa

u nonH, a

anf,

KoMno3

qxi

c He-

cKonhK Ml, tt€H1paMn

Hanpf,xeHHocTb orHodeHu6

Mexay

qenTpaMu,

,x hepapxuF, orHoueHrF

qeHTpoB

u nonF.

AnF

KOMnO3rqIi, Be 14MercUtrrX

BbtEetreHHOrO

qeXipaj|rXOro

nnTHa

(HanprMep,

Oph30Bbri

opHaMeHr),

saxeH xapaKrep cBF3t! 9ne-

MeHroB,

pr4TM

nocTpoeHxa !r306paxeHrF..

Bbrf,BneHre tnaBHoro u aropocreneHHoro 3neMeHToa

KoM-

no3!fil6r,r

ocyqecTBnaeTcF

B nepsoM

ynpaxHeHxx

cryqeHreM

xnx

pa3pexeHheM

nuHui oaHoi TonqrHbr. rl3yq-aloTcF

noHaTuF

qeHTpa,

x3o6pa3rTenbHoc nfiocKocTr.r, axypHhrx

MaccrB-

Hbrx

qneHeHr;,

AnF

rpeHhpoBKra B

'repTexsoi

rpa(FrKe

qacrr,

ynpaxHeHrA

86rnonHFeTcF

B srae

ceroK

r,t3 nuHril

pa3Hoi

Ton-

uluxsr,

paaxouepno

noKpbrBabutr,rx

soHy

r43o6paxeHrF. Bro-

hnlt

axHaMtgHoctb

nocrpoeHrF, nerKocTh lrnlt TBxgnoBecHocTS

'-:-

npgEfiera. Hb

Ha,ia-nbHor,v

slane oSpA3oBaHha ocBooHue

ap_aou-

-iix

rr,reroaa

aocroBepHoro

x3o6paxeHrr

+opMbr,

KaK

cpeacTBa

Bbtf BneHra

coaopxaHxB

3aMSlcna

rMeeT onpeaenarc'

uee3Ha'{eFre anF

cDooM}tDoB6Hl,tB xvaoxecTBeBHoll

KynbTvpbl.

-l43yqaixe

rpa6rqecKoro

MoaenupoBaHrF HaqnHaercF

yn-

pax;;ir4it

B Itri14dt- n ioie.

nuT'|F nincer6il-6n6-yx14ex-qi

oaHo86;

;oaen;i:

e;i;i;in-19jl19ntl14!g

nrNur,/t co3aaxlr

xn:

:n-r;atro.n-piionraxlxraa ;-t;;;"r".;-*t".r FnaBHoE

€ropo'

'TaM

xe,

101-103.

Cneayrcqes

rpa+r'{ecKoe

ynpaxHeHue

HanpaBnoHo

!t3y'

qeH

e Bo3MoxHocrei

cBo6oaHoi

(6e3

npuMeH0Hxr

{eprexHblx

tHcrpyMeHroBl

pa6o16l

c nrHrefi.

Beaerca

nocrpoeH$e

"xHAt'!'

,,'

a}layanbHoro

3HaKa",

cocraBneHHolo

l,HxLltranoB

yqaqt.lxcF:

clAertut

nbrrarcTcB c

noMoulbto

pa3nrqH6lx cnoc!60B

Hanuca_

xraa 6yxe,

noMaHstx

l.|nx Kpr4EontlHeiHglx

otlepraH

pa3_

]

nra,rxoi cxopocrra

npoBeaeHnf,

nrHhi

la ToMv

noao6Horo

nepe-

aerc

raxue-nra6o

qsprht

cBoei

nuqHoeru'

ynpaxHeH'e

loroBl'lJ

K BbtnonHeBrto

upxdToBoro

nnaKara

BblnorHFercF

TyrtlE|o,

n6poM

KucTbrc

axypHoM

l4 MaccrBHoM

aapraHTax.

flpla

EbrnotrHeHru tllpr+ToBoro

axpoMaruqecKoro

nnaKara

u3yqaeTcs eaxHcTBo

x Bblpa3urenbHocTb

KoMno3ullr'l9l

utpr4OToB,

BeAyrcF

notlcKl,

cooraerclBulF

coaepxaHuF

nnaKETa

ctnntcruqecKl,M

oco6eHHocrFM

HanrcanHF

6yKB.

l,x KoHOlary-

pa{rh,

BBoAtrrcf,

noHFrl.re roHa,

paccMarptrBarcrcF

cnoco6bl

nocTpoeHns

306paxenna

(cuuuerpra-acr'rMMeTphF,

claTrKa-

auHaMtrKa),

Macura6Hblli

coorHotll€Hl4s

Macc uipl,Oraj aaercf,

npeacTaBneHqe

o npreMax

KoHcrpytapoBaHlln

HanrcaH

6yKB, !,rcropuqecKux

r,! HaquoHanbHbtx

o@6eHHocrFx

lupHOTo-

Bhrx KoMno3rrtl,ri.

ToHoBaF npopa6oTKa

Haanrcei

no3BonEeT

nepeAarb

6aKrypH6te

cBo;crBa

nosepxHocrei

(noprcrrtx,

rnaaKhx, 6necrFurrx,

":19:"lI

r.t

al.

XapaKrep

@Ktvp

B XX

pa3nMqH6rx

ClqelaHrrFx

no3BonHeT npu6nll3l',4Tb

unu

yaa-

n!tT6 t43o6paxeHhe,

pacctlolrrb

nnocKocrb

Ha nnaHbl.

caenaTb

ee rnnlo30pHo-npocTpaHcraeHHoi

,,'

CneAy|oulxi

Sran

,3yqeHl.re

qeeYoBot

KoMno3tluuM'

pgrcrvqecKgli

aHanu3

npou3BeAeHxf,

xt,laonl.rcr| {nei3ax,

Fa-

rropMopT)

;

Bocnpott3BoaFTcf,

cxeMhl

peo6naaaK'qnx

qBeTO-

Bbtx r4 cBetnorHhlx

orHoueHlril.

xapaKTepa

pacnpeaeneHufi

no x306pa3uT€n6HOir

nnocKocTr,4;

BbIfiBnF|<)TCF

qBeroBsre

qeHT_

p5l

3oHbr

M6KCUManEHO

XHleBcrBHblX

qBeToBblx

olHoueHtti'

l,l3y.reHHaH KonopqcrlrqecKas

crpyKTypa

xcnonb3yercf, anF

co3aaHxF

xpoMaT,4'recKoi

unnrc3opHo-npocrpaHcTBeHHOi

Cpe'

aoBofi

KoMno3gtrltax

(rtreptep

xrnoro

,tnl,l o6qecraeiHoro

3aaHrs).

Konop!'tcrt,tecKuir

aHanx3

conpoBoxaaerca

cepuFMn

TpeHupoEoqHblx

KpafKoBpeMeHH6rX

ynpaxHeHlri

u306paxe'

Hl,t€M {eTblpexqacTHoro

qBeToBoro

Kpyra u

qBeTOBhlX

l'4 CBeT'

noTHblx

pacTFxeK.

lr3yqeHre

+poBranbHofi

nnocKo-npocrpaHclBeHHoi

KoMno-

314{!rx

BeaercF

xoae

pafuTbr

Haa

oyHKllrloHaJlbHslM

perbe-

+oM

s xunoM

gtHTepbepe.3cKu3Hbli

no,cK ocyqeclanf,ercf,

B Tpex nnacfl4qecKrx

BapuaHTax,

oalrH l'13

KoTt

pblx

eblnonH'|'

eTcF B

yrnoBalhtx oqepTaHtaFx,

apyroi

B oKpvrnElx,

rpe-

Tti

s coqeraHtlFx

oKpyrnblx

l'l npf,MoyronbHblx

furyp'

APEATOB

huu

IEHIEP

eIu

)rlfPrt+luut

HAA

nO/44OXET