238
ÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ
Ê. îäèí ç íàéá³ëüøèõ ñâ³òîâèõ ñïîæèâà÷³â ôîñôîð-
íî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿, àëå êðà¿íà çàáåçïå÷óº ñåáå ôîñôîðíèìè
äîáðèâàìè ò³ëüêè íà 50%. Ó Ê. ó ïåð³îä 1996-1998ðð. ââî-
çèëîñÿ, çà ð³çíèìè îö³íêàìè, â³ä 40 äî 60% âñüîãî ä³àì-
ìîôîñó, ùî ïðîäàºòüñÿ íà ñâ³òîâîìó ðèíêó.
Âèäîáóòîê âëàñíèõ ôîñôàò³â âåäåòüñÿ íà 200 êîïàëüíÿõ. Ó
1997-1998ðð. ïî÷àëîñÿ áóä³âíèöòâî çàâîä³â ïîòð³éíîãî ñóïåð-
ôîñôàòó â ì. Äàéþêîó, ïðîâ³íö³ÿ Õóáåé, ð³÷íîþ ïîòóæí³ñòþ
560òèñ. ò, â ì. Âåíôó íà ï³âä.-çàõîä³ ïðîâ³íö³¿ Ãóé÷æîó, ð³÷íîþ
ïîòóæí³ñòþ 800òèñ. ò, ó ïðîâ³íö³¿ Þíüíàíü, ð³÷íîþ ïîòóæí³ñòþ
400òèñ. ò, à òàêîæ äâîõ çàâîä³â ä³àììîôîñó â ì. Ëó÷æàé â Ãóàí-
ñ³-×æóàíñüêîìó àâòîíîìíîìó ðàéîí³, ïîòóæí³ñòþ 240òèñ. ò, ³ â
ì. Öç³íü÷àí ïðîâ³íö³¿ Ãàíüñó, ïîòóæí³ñòþ 120òèñ. ò íà ð³ê. ϳçí³-
øå ïî÷àòî ñïîðóäæåííÿ ùå ÷îòèðüîõ âåëèêèõ çàâîä³â ä³àììî-
ôîñó: â ì. Ôóë³íü ïðîâ³íö³¿ Õóáåé, â ì. Ñþàíüõóà ïðîâ³íö³¿ Õå-
áåé, â ì. Ëóáåé ³ â ïðîâ³íö³¿ Þíüíàíü. Äî 2000ð. ïðèð³ñò ïîòóæ-
íîñòåé Ê. ïî âèïóñêó äîáðèâ ñêëàâ íå ìåíøå 1ìëíò. Ó òîé æå
÷àñ ïðîäîâæóâàëè ðîçøèðÿòèñÿ äîáóâí³ ïîòóæíîñò³ â êðà¿í³. Ó
1999ð. ñòàëè äî ëàäó íîâ³ ðóäíèêè â ì.ì. Âåíôó ³ Êàéþí ïðîâ³í-
ö³¿ Ãóé÷æîó, à òàêîæ ó ïðîâ³íö³¿ Þíüíàíü.
Ç 1990-õ ðîê³â ó ôîñôàòîâèäîáóâíó òà ïåðåðîáíó ãàëóçü àê-
òèâíî çàëó÷àâñÿ ³íîçåìíèé êàï³òàë. Òàê, ï³âí³÷íîàìåðèêàíñüêà
êîìïàí³ÿ IMC-Agrico íàéá³ëüøèé â ñâ³ò³ ïðîäóöåíò ôîñôîðâì³-
ñíèõ ïðîäóêò³â óêëàëà óãîäó ç êèòàéñüêîþ êîðïîðàö³ºþ Yunnan
Phosphorus Chemical Industry (Group) Corporation ³ Áþðî íàôòî-
âî¿ ³ õ³ì³÷íî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ ïðîâ³íö³¿ Þíüíàíü (Yunnan Provincial
Petroleum & Chemical Industry Bureau) ïðî íàì³ðè ñï³ëüíî¿ ðîçðî-
áêè ôîñôàò³â ïðîâ³íö³¿ Þíüíàíü. Êàíàäñüêà êîìïàí³ÿ Spur
Ventures Inc. ñï³ëüíî ç êèòàéñüêîþ Yunnan Phosphorus Chemical
Industry (Group) Corporation ç 1996ð. äîñë³äèëà ôîñôàòí³ ðîäî-
âèùà ð-íó ²÷àí ïðîâ³íö³¿ Õóáåé. Ïðîâåäåíà ðîçâ³äêà ïÿòè ðîäî-
âèù ðàéîíó, îö³íåí³ ¿õ çàïàñè, ïðèéíÿòå ð³øåííÿ ïðî ïî÷àòîê ðîç-
ðîáêè. Êîìïàí³ÿ Jacobs Engineering â 2000ð. çàê³í÷èëà ñêëàäàí-
íÿ ÒÅÎ îñâîºííÿ äâîõ ðîäîâèù ç ïÿòè. ¯õ çàïàñ³â âèñòà÷èòü íà
24ðîêè ðîáîòè ðóäíèêà. Ïðîåêò ²÷àí ïåðåäáà÷ຠáóä³âíèöòâî
âåðòèêàëüíî ³íòå´ðîâàíîãî ï³äïðèºìñòâà ïî âèïóñêó ôîñôîðíèõ
äîáðèâ. Ïî çàâåðøåíí³ ïåðøî¿ ôàçè ïðîåêòó áóäå âèïóñêàòèñÿ
480òèñ. ò íà ð³ê êîìïëåêñíèõ äîáðèâ; íàäàë³ ïîòóæíîñò³ áóäóòü
ïîäâîºí³. Ó 1997ð. ï³âí³÷íîàìåðèêàíñüêà êîìïàí³ÿ Cargill Pacific
Ltd. ³ àäì³í³ñòðàö³ÿ ì. Òÿíüöç³íü ñòâîðèëè ñï³ëüíå ï³äïðèºìñòâî
êîìïàí³þ Tianjin Cargill Fertiluzer Co., ÿêà ïî÷àëà ðåàë³çàö³þ
ïðîåêòó çàâîäó âèñîêîÿê³ñíèõ äîáðèâ ð³÷íîþ ïîòóæí³ñòþ 150òèñ.
ò. Ó 1997ð. êîìïàí³¿ Toyo Engineering Corp. ³ Marubeny Corp. (ßïî-
í³ÿ) ïîáóäóâàëè çàâîä ä³àììîôîñó ð³÷íîþ ïîòóæí³ñòþ 800òèñ. ò
³ àñîö³þþ÷³ ç íèì çàâîäè ñ³ð÷àíî¿ êèñëîòè òà àì³àêó â ì. Ëó÷æàé
ó Ãóàíñ³-×æóàíñüêîì àâòîíîìíîìó ðàéîí³.
Çàãàëîì ó ñâ³òîâ³é ôîñôàòí³é ³íäóñò𳿠ñïîñòåð³ãàºòü-
ñÿ òåíäåíö³ÿ äî ïåðåì³ùåííÿ öåíòðó òÿæ³ííÿ ó âèðîáíèö-
òâ³ ôîñôîðíèõ ³ êîìïëåêñíèõ ôîñôîðâì³ñíèõ äîáðèâ ç
òðàäèö³éíèõ ðàéîí³â ÑØÀ ³ Ìàðîêêî ó á³ê ãîëîâíèõ ñïî-
æèâà÷³â Êèòàþ, ²í䳿, Àâñòðà볿.
Ó êðà¿í³ ðîçðîáëÿþòüñÿ ðîäîâ. íåðóäíî¿ ³íäóñòð³àëü-
íî¿ ñèðîâèíè. Îñí. ðîäîâ. áåíòîí³òó, ùî ðîçðîáëÿþòüñÿ
â³äêðèòèì ñïîñîáîì, çíàõîäÿòüñÿ â ïðîâ. Ëÿîí³í, âåðì³-
êóë³òó â ïðîâ. Øàíüäóí (ð-í ˳íüøó). Ó Âíóòð. Ìîíãî볿 ³
â ïðîâ. Ãóàíäóí äîáóâàþòü ´³ïñ. Îñí. ðîäîâ. ãðàô³òó çíà-
õîäÿòüñÿ â ïðîâ³íö³ÿõ Ãèð³í, Ôóöçÿíü, Øåíüñ³ ³ ó Âíóòð.
Ìîíãî볿. Âèñîêîÿê³ñíèé êàîë³í äîáóâàºòüñÿ â ïðîâ³íö³ÿõ
Öçÿíñ³, Ôóöçÿíü, ×æåöçÿí, Ãóàíäóí, Þíüíàíü, Ãàíüñó ³ ó
Âíóòð. Ìîíãî볿. Ó ïðîâ. Ëÿîí³í íà ðóäíèêàõ Õàé÷åí ³ Öà-
íüøàíüêóàí âåäåòüñÿ âèäîáóòîê ìàãíåçèòó (áë. 1 ìëí ò
íà ð³ê). Ðîäîâ. ìóñêîâ³òó ðîçðîáëÿþòü ó ïðîâ³íö³ÿõ Öçÿí-
ñó, Ôóöçÿíü ³ â ѳíüöçÿí-Óéãóðñüêîìó àâòîíîìíîìó ð-í³.
Ðîäîâ. ñòåàòèòó ³ òàëüêó â³äîì³ â ïðîâ. Ëÿîí³í â ð-í³ ì.
Òåë³í. Êð³ì òîãî, òàëüê äîáóâàþòü ó ïðîâ³íö³ÿõ Õåíàíü,
Þíüíàíü, Øàíüäóí ³ Ôóöçÿíü.
Âèäîáóòîê äîðîãîö³ííèõ ³ âèðîáíèõ êàìåí³â. Àëìàçè
ïîïóòíî ³ç çîëîòîì âèäîáóâàþòü ó áàñ. ð³êè Þàíüöçÿí (ïðî-
â³íö³¿ Õóíàíü ³ Ãóé÷æîó), à òàêîæ ó ð-í³ ×àíòå. Àëìàçè â ðîç-
ñèïàõ ³ ê³ìáåðë³òîâèõ òðóáêàõ ïåð³îäè÷íî äîáóâàëè â ïðî-
â³íö³ÿõ Ëÿîí³í, Øàíüäóí, Ãóé÷æîó, â Ãóàíñ³-×æóàíñüêîìó ³
Ò³áåòñüêîìó àâòîíîìíèõ ð-íàõ. Ê. º ³ìïîðòåðîì àëìàç³â.
Âåëèê³ ðîäîâ. á³ðþçè â³äîì³ â Ò³áåò³, íåôðèòó â ѳíüö-
çÿí-Óéãóðñüêîìó àâòîíîìíîìó ð-í³ ³ ã³ðñüêîãî êðèøòàëþ â
ïðîâ. Ãóàíäóí. Íåôðèò òðàäèö³éíèé þâåë³ðíî-âèðîáíèé
êàì³íü Ê., ùî øèðîêî çàñòîñîâóºòüñÿ äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ
ð³çüáëåíèõ âèðîá³â. Ç ãëèáîêî¿ ñòàðîâèíè ³ äî ê³íöÿ Õ²Õ
ñò. ðîäîâ. Êóíüëóíüñüêèõ ã³ð áóëè îñí. äæåðåëîì íåôðè-
òó â ñâ³ò³. Ç 1950-õ ðð. ó öåíòð. ÷àñòèí³ î. Õàéíàíü á³ëÿ ì.
Òóí÷åí â³äêðèòèì ñïîñîáîì ðîçðîáëÿëîñÿ óí³êàëüíå ðî-
äîâ. ã³ðñüêîãî êðèøòàëþ ßíçÿîë³í.
óðíè÷å ìàøèíîáóäóâàííÿ. Ó Ê. ðîçâèíåíå âèðîá-
íèöòâî ã³ðí. ³ ã³ðíè÷î-òðàíñïîðòíîãî îáëàäíàííÿ. Áë. 320
âèä³â òàêî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿ (ìàøèíè äëÿ î÷èñíèõ ³ ï³äãîòîâ÷èõ
ðîá³ò, êð³ïëåííÿ, îáëàäíàííÿ ï³äçåìíîãî òðàíñïîðòó, ãåî-
ëîãîðîçâ³äêè, àïàðàòóðà ³ ïðèëàäè òåõí³êè áåçïåêè) âèïó-
ñêàºòüñÿ á³ëüø í³æ 30-à ç-äàìè âóã³ëüíîãî ìàøèíîáóäó-
âàííÿ. Îñâîºíî âèðîáíèöòâî äðàã, ìîðñüêèõ áóðîâèõ ïëà-
òôîðì òà ³íøå îáëàäíàííÿ.
Ãåîëîã³÷íà ³ ã³ðíè÷à ñëóæáà. ϳäãîòîâêà êàäð³â.
Äðóê. Ïðîâåäåííÿ ãåîë. äîñë³äæåíü, ãåîë. îñâ³òà ³ ä³ÿëü-
í³ñòü óñòàíîâ Àêàäå쳿 ãåîë. íàóê âõîäÿòü ó êîìïåòåíö³þ
̳í-âà ãåîëî㳿. Ó êîæí³é ç ïðîâ³íö³é ä³þòü ãåîë. áþðî, ùî
âõîäÿòü äî ñêëàäó ̳í-âà ãåîëî㳿, àëå â àäì. â³äíîøåíí³
ïîâÿçàí³ ç âëàäîþ ïðîâ³íö³é. Êð³ì ̳í-âà ãåîëî㳿, â³äïî-
â³äí³ äîñë³äæåííÿ íà òåð. êðà¿íè ïðîâîäÿòü òàêîæ ì³í-âà
ìåòàëóðã³éíî¿ ïðîì-ñò³, åíåðãåòèêè òà ³ðèãàö³¿, âóã³ëüíî¿
ïðîì-ñò³, òðàíñïîðòó, áóä³âíèöòâà. Ïèòàííÿ ðîçðîáêè ðî-
äîâ. çíàõîäÿòüñÿ ó âåäåíí³ ì³í³ñòåðñòâ íàôò. ³ õ³ì. ïðîì-
ñò³, ìåòàëóðã³éíî¿ ïðîì-ñò³. Ïðàöþº 6 ãåîë. âóç³â ³ 8 ó÷è-
ëèù, êð³ì òîãî, ï³äãîòîâêó ãåîëîã³â çä³éñíþþòü â óí-òàõ
êðà¿íè. Êàäðè äëÿ âóã³ëüíî¿ ïðîì-ñò³ ãîòóþòü â 12 ã³ðí. âó-
çàõ, 36 òåõí³êóìàõ ³ â 100 ã³ðíè÷îïðîìèñëîâèõ øêîëàõ ³
ó÷èëèùàõ. Ó Ê. âèäàºòüñÿ ïîíàä 40 æóðíàë³â ç ïèòàíü îñâî-
ºííÿ íàäð Çåìë³.
Êîíòàêòíà ³íôîðìàö³ÿ: China. 1. China Geological Survey,
Ministry of Land and Resources, 64 Funei Dajie, Xisi, Beijing 100812;
Phone: +86-10-66157145; Fax: +86-10-66175450. 2. Department of
International Cooperation, Science and Technology; Ministry of Land
and Resources, No.37, Guanyingyuan Xiqu Xicheng District, Beijing
100035; Phone: +86-10-66127097, 66127096; Fax: +86-10-66127247.
3. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Ministry of Land and
Resources, 26, Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037; Phone: +86-10-
68310893; Fax: +86-10-68310894; E-mail: cagsdic@public.bta.net.cn
4. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,
26 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, Phone: +86-10-68311293;
Fax: +86-10-68311293; E-mail: peiyi.yao@bj.col.co.cn 5. Institute of
Mineral Deposits; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26
Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037; Phone: +86-10-68311551; Fax:
+86-10-68336358; E-mail: imdcags@public3.bta.net.cn 6. Tianjin
Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of
Geological Sciences, No.4 Dazhigu 8th Road, Hedong District, Tianjin
300170; Phone: +86-22-24314292; Fax: +86-22-24314292; E-mail:
tjigmr@public.tpt.tj.cn 7. Institute of Rock and Mineral Analysis,
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Road,
Beijing 100037; Phone: +86-10-68311133 ext.2513; Fax: +86-10-