ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 509
addition to the bibliography. It includes
some information on Kubelka—Munk theory.
2.
Brunner, C.C, G.B. Shaw, D.A. Butler, and
J.W. Funck, Using color in machine vision
systems for wood processing. Wood & Fiber
ScL 22(4):413-428(1990). A good resource
on general color theory and the title subject
with application to vision systems for paper
with 60 references.
3.
Hunter, R.S., Photoelectric color difference
meter, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 48:985-995(1958).
4.
Hunter, R.S. and R.W. Harold, The Mea-
surement of Appearance, 2nd ed., Wiley—
Interscience, New York, 1987. (1st ed.,
1975).
This highly readable book explains
the methods used to study color and optical
perception. Many different color systems are
explained in this resource. The authors make
some interesting points about perception and
appearance we take for granted based on
experience. When one drives down a road,
one does not look for glossy surfaces (which
is what one actually observes) that may spell
trouble, one looks for water or ice. When a
hand casts a shadow on a piece of white
paper, one does not say the hand paints the
paper black, one says that certain parts of the
white paper are in the shadows.
5.
Judd, D.B. and G. Wyszecki, Color in Busi-
ness, Science, and Industry, 3rd ed., Wiley,
New York, 1975, 553 p. This is commonly
cited in the applied color literature and has
many references. The 2nd ed. is from 1963.
6. Levine, M.D., Vision in Man and Machine,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985, 574 p.
This is a well referenced book with lots of
mathematical detail (the author is an electri-
cal engineer) and covers color vision in
biological, historical, and theoretical manners
in addition to machine vision.
7.
Munsell Color Company, Munsell Book of
Color, Baltimore, Maryland, 1929.
8. Wyszecki, G. and
W.S.
Stiles,
Color Science
(Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data
and Formulas), John Wiley and Sons, New
York, 1967, 628 p. The 2nd edition was
published in 1982 and is 950 pages. This is
the best reference for a theoretical basis of
color theory. It has solutions to the
Kubelka—Munk equation (pp. 188-189).
Kubelka—Munk,
scattering
properties
9. Biermann, C.J., Construction of opacity
charts,
TappiJ.
78(1)238-239(1995).
10.
Clark, H.B. and H.L. Ramsay, Predicting
optical properties of coated papers, Tappi
48(11):609-612(1965). This is useful for
learning the optical properties of coatings.
11.
Hillend, W. J. Opacity problems in printing
papers: Kubelka—Munk theory gives good,
quick, answers,
Tappi
A9{l)A\k-Alk{l%6).
12.
Judd, D.B., Opacity standards, /. Res. Nat.
Bur. Standards 13:281-291(1934). In this
work Judd points out that the results of the
Tappi opacity of the time were dependent
upon each machine and each working back-
ground. For his particular machine and
standard he stated, "It is found that the Tappi
opacity corresponds to a reflectance of white
backing in contact with the sample of about
0.89 reflectance." Tappi then defined its
opacity to fit this one result.
According to earlier work of Judd [Sources
of error in measuring opacity of paper by the
contrast—ratio method, /. Res. Nat. Bur.
Standards 12:345-351(1934)] the original
Tappi opacity, which called for "The white
surface standard must not touch the surface
of the test specimen but must be so near it
that a further decrease in distance will not
affect the test results", was designed to have
as high a white background as was practical.
In fact, it did not work out that way, but we
religiously cling to this arbitrary method
instead of printing opacity, which is amena-
ble to Kubelka—Munk calculations.
13.
Judd, D.B., Optical specifications of light-
scattering materials, /. Res. Nat. Bur. Stan-
dards 19(3):287-317(1937). This reference
includes a large foldout chart of Fig. 24-16
that is reproduced in many places in the pulp
and paper literature. A condensed version of
this paper was published as
ibid..
Tech.