Бардах Ю. Штудыі з гісторыі Вялікага княства Літоўскага

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262

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɧɚɱɚɫɵɜ ɟɱɧɵɟɢɞɚɥɚɟɦ ɭɜɨɥ ɶɧɨɫɬɶɡɞɪɭɝɨɸɠɨɧɨɸɫɹɨɠɟɧɢɬɢªɉɚɪɩɪɚ

ɝɷɬɚȺɎɟɞɨɪɨɜɑɟɯɨɜɫɤɢɣȻɪɚɤɨɪɚɡɜɨɞɧɵɣɤɚɡɭɫɤɨɧɰɚ;9,ɫɬɄɢɟɜɫɤɚɹ

ɫɬɚɪɢɧɚɬ,ɫ±ɿɪɷɰɷɧɡɿɹȺɆɚɪɰɿɧɤɨʆɫɤɚɝɚɧɚɝɷɬɭɸɩɪɚɰɭʆ

KH,I (1887),s. 476.

135

ɉɚɪɈ Ʌɟɜɢɰɤɢ ɣɑɟɪɬɵ ɫɟɦ ɟɣ ɧɚɝɨ ɛɵɬɚ ɫ  

136

ȺɪɯɘɁɊɨɫɬ9,,,ɱɫ©ȼɨɥɶɧɚɨɧɚɡɬɵɦɦ ɭɠɨɦ

ɫɜɨɢɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɬɟɩɟɪɶɦɚɟɬ«ɹɤɨɜ ɥɚɫɧɵɦ ɲɥɸɛɧɵɦɜɫɬɚɧɟɦɚɥɠɟɧɫ

ɤɢɦ«ɦɟɲɤɚɬɢª.

137

ɂɫɬɘɪɢɞɆɚɬ ɬ9,,,ɫ ±ɝɍɥɿɬɚɡɚɹʆɥ ɹɟɡ

ɚɛɹɡɡɛɪ ɨɣɜɚɸɱɚɣ ɲɱɵɪ ɚɫɰɸ ɲɬɨ©ɛɚ ɜɟɱɢ ɫɟ ɫɜɚɜ ɨɥɶɧ ɨɫɬɶɸɫɜ ɨɟɸ

ɤɨɬ ɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɟɦ ɨ ɝɭɩ ɪɨɬɨ ɡɩɨ ɦ ɟɪɤɨ ɜɚɧɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɞɨɛɪ ɵɯ

ɬɨɟɫɬɨɬɰɚɫɜɨɟɝɨ«ɢɩɪɢɹɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɨɢɯɤɪɟɜɧɵɯɡɩɨɦ ɟɧɟɧɵɦ Ȼɨɝ

ɞɚɧɨɦ Ʌɭɤɶɹɧɨɜ ɢɱɨɦɛɵɜɲɢɦ ɦ ɭɠɟɦɫɜɨɢɦ ɭɝɨɞɭɜɡɹɥɚɢɡɦɚɥɠɟɧ

ɫɬɜɚɟɝɨɨɬ ɫɟɛɟɜɵɡɜɨɥɢɥɚɢɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɭɱɢɧɢɥɚªɫ 

138

ɉɚɪȺɪɯɘɁɊɨɫɬ9,,,ɱʋɫ±  ɝ

ɞɡ ɟɧ ɟɣɤɿəɧ ɋɤɭ ɪɤɚɫɯɨɩ ɥɟɧ ɵɧɚ ɝɚɪ ɚɱɵɦɭ ɱɵɧ ɤɭ ɱɭɠ ɚɥ ɨɠɫɬɜɚɡ

ɠɨɧ ɤɚɸɥ ɭɰɤɚɝɚɰɵɪɭ ɥɶɧɿɤɚɄɚɫɩɟɪɚ ɛɵʆɩ ɚɫɚɞɠ ɚɧɵʆɡɚɦɚɤɿɦɟʆɫɹ

ɚɞ ɞɚɰɶɡɚɝ ɷɬɚ²ɡ ɝɨɞ ɧɚɡ ɩɪ ɚɜɚɦ² ɠɵɰɰ ɺ Ⱥɥ ɟɩɚɫɥɹʆɦ ɹɲɚɧɧɹ

ʆɩ ɪɨɲɚɧɵɯɋɤɭ ɪɤɚɦɭ ɪɚɞ ɧɿɤɚʆ ɰɵɪ ɭɥ ɶɧɿ ɤɞ ɚɪɚɜɚʆɹɦ ɭɠ ɵɰ ɰɺɚ ɺɧ

ɭɡ ɚɦɟɧ ɡɚɛ ɚɜɹɡɚʆɫɹɡ ɹɝɨ ɧɚɣɠ ɨɧɤɚɸ ɛɨ ɥɶɲ©ɦ ɟɲɤɚ ɧɹ ɢɦ ɧ ɟ ɩɫɨ

ɜɚɬ ɶªɿ ɡ¶ɟɯɚɰɶɡ Ʌɭɰɤɚȼɟɪ ɚɥɨ ɦɧɚɣɠɨ ɧɰɵɧɿɱ ɨɝɚɧɿɹɤɚɝɚɧ ɟɡɪ ɚ

ɛɿ ɥɚɫɹɿ ɹɧɚɩɪ ɚɰ ɹɝɜɚɥɚɠɵɰɶɭ ɫɭɠ ɨɧ ɫɬɜɟɡ Ʉɚɫɩ ɟɪɚɦ Ɂɜɹɪɬɚɟ ɧɚ

ɫɹɛɟʆɜɚɝɭ ɪ ɨɥ ɹ ʆɪ ɚɞ ɧɿɤɚʆɧɚɦɟɫɧɿɤɚ ɥɭ ɰɤɚɝɚɛ ɿɫɤɭ ɩɚɿ ɝ ɚɪ ɚɞ ɫɤɿɯ

ɩɿ ɫɚɪɚʆ ɹɤɿɹɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥ ɿ ɩɚɫɹɪɷɞ ɧɿ ɤɚɦɿ  ɫɯɿɥ ɹɸɱɵ ɦɭ ɠɚɞ ɚ ɥɚɝɨ ɞ

ɧɚɫɰ ɿ ɉɚɞɨɛ ɧɵɩɪ ɵɤɥ ɚɞ ɝ ɷɬ ɵɦ ɪɚɡɚɦ ɞ ɚɬɵɱɧɵɤɚɬɚɥɿ ɤɨʆ ɰɵɬ ɭɟɡ

ɛɟɪɚɫɰɟɣ ɫɤɿɯɤɧɿ ɝ ɁɄɚɩɵɫɤɿ RS FLW ɫ   Ⱥɩɬɷ ɤɚɪ ɭ Ȼɟɪɚɫɰ ɿ

Ʌɭ ɤɚɲɉɚɦɚɠ ɚɧ ɫɤɿ ɚɬɪɵɦɚʆɞɨ ɤɚɡ ɵ ɫɭɠ ɨɧɫɤɚɟɡɞ ɪɚɞ ɵɫɜɚɟɠ ɨɧɤɿ

Ɇɭ ɠɩɪ ɵɜɺʆɠɨ ɧɤɭ ʆɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɿ ɫɭɞɋɭɞ ɚɞ ɛɵʆɫɹ9,, ɝɀɨɧɤɚ

ɩɨ ɬɵɦ ɡɜɹɪ ɧɭ ɥɚɫɹʆɦ ɚɝ ɿɫɬɪ ɚɬɡ ɥ ɿɫɬɨ ɦɭ ɹɤɿ ɦ ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚɥ ɚ ɫɤɪɭ ɯɭ

ɋɭɞ ɜɵɞ ɚʆɩ ɪɵɫɭɞ ɦ ɭɠ ɩ ɚɜɿɧɟɧ  ɩ ɪɚɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɚ ɠɨ ɧɤɚ ² ɩɪ ɵɧ ɹɰ ɶ

ɤɚɪɭ  ɹɤɭɸ ɺɣ ɩɪɵɡɧ ɚɱ ɵɰ ɶ ɤɫɺɧ ɞɡɄɚɧ ɚɧɿɱ ɧɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ²ɞ ɚɞ ɚɟɄɚ

ɩɵɫɤɿ²ɠɚɞɚɥɚ ɜɟɥ ɶɦ ɿɫɭɪɨ ɜɚɟɤɚɪɵ ɇɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɚɿɲɥɨ ɫɹ ɬɭɬɩ ɪɚ

ɦɚɝɞɷɛɭɪɫɤɚɟɩɪɚɜɚɹɤɨɟɩɚɝɪɚɠɚɥɚɡɚɝɷɬɚɫɦɹɪɨɬɧɵɦɩɚɤɚɪɚɧɧɟɦɚɧɟɩɪɚ

ɤɚɧɚɧɿɱɧɚɟ

139

ɂɫɬɘɪɢɞ Ɇɚɬɬ9,,,ɫ Ɇɭɠɡɚɹʆɥɹɟɲɬɨ©ɧɟɯɨɬ ɟ

ɱɢɟɟɦ ɟɬɢɡɚɠɨɧɭɢɧɟɩɨɜɨɥɭɤɚɸɱɢɡɚɬɨɞɨɜɪɹɞɭɡɦ ɚɥ ɠɟɧɫɬɜɚ

ɟɟɜɵɡɜɚ ɥɹ ɸɢ ɜɟɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɱɚɫɵɤɜɢ ɬɭɸɢ ɠɜ ɠɨ ɞɨ ɧɟɟɧ ɢɤɨ ɬɨɪ ɵɟ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɵɦ ɟɬɢɢ ɞɨɭɪɹɞɭ ɩɨɜ ɨɥɨɤɚɬ ɢɧɟɦ ɚɸ« ɜ ɟɱɧɵɦɢɱɚɫɵª.

140

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦ ɚɬ,;ɫ ± 

141

Ⱥɪ ɯɘɁɊɨɫ ɬ9,,,ɱ ɫ 

142

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚʋɫ ±ɝ©Ɂɚɹɤɢɦ ɟɞɧɚɧɟɦ ɩɚɧɢ

Ɂɚɝɨɪɨɜɫɤɨɟɦ ɟɥɚɫɟɞɨɡɜɨɥ ɢɬɶɨ ɠɟɧɢɬɢɦ ɚɥɠɨɧɤɭɫɜɨɟɦ ɭ>ɡ@ɢɧɨɸ

ɠɟɧɨɸªʋɫ ɝ©ɉɚɧɚəɰɤɚȼɨɥ ɢɰ ɤɨɝɨɨɬɦɚɥɠɟɧ

ɫɬɜɚɫɜɨɟɝɨɜɵɡ ɜ ɚɥɹɸɩɨɡɜ ɨɥɢɜ ɲɢɟɝɨɦ ɢɥɨɫɬɢɨɠɟɧɢɬɟɫɟªɌɨ ɟɫ

263

ɧɵɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɦɚɸɰɶɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɵɹɤɥɚʆɡɭɥɵʆɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵɉɚɪɂɫɬ

ɘɪɢɞɆɚɬɬ9,,ɫɝɬɚɦɫɚɦɚɬ9,,,ɫ±ɝɿɿɧɲɵɹ

ȼɵɦɨʆɧɵɩɪɵɤɥɚɞɡɦɹɲɱɚɟɚɤɬɡɨʆɪɭɰɤɚɝɚɩɚɜɟɬɭɚɞɝɞɡɟɜɿɧɚɜɚɬɚɹʆ

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ɥɿɫɬɨɦɛɨɹʆɠɨɹɦɭɧɟɠɨɧɤɚɚɺɧɦɧɟɧɟɦɭɠɞɚɡɜɚɥɹɸɹɦɭɠɚɧɿɰɰɚɧɹɯɚɣ

ɡɞɚɪɨɜɵɡɞɪɭɝɨɸɠɷɧɿɰɰɚɿɧɹɯɚɣɹɝɨȻɨɝɞɚɛɪɚɫɥɚɜɿɰɶɠɵɰɶɭɲɥɸɛɟɡ

ɞɪɭɝɨɸɥɟɩɟɣɱɵɦɫɚɦɧɨɸª @ȺɪɯɘɁɊɨɫɬ,9ɱʋɫ

143

ȺȼɄ;9,,ʋVɝȺɪɯɘɁɊɨɫɬ9,,,ɱʋ

ɫɝ©ɋɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɦɦɨɢɦ ɧɚɜ ɫɢɩɪɢɲɥɵɟɱɚɫɵɜɨɥɶɧɵɦɱɢɧɸɢɜɠɟ

ɞɨɠɚɞɧɨɝɨɫɭɞɭɢɩɪɚɜ ɚɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨɢɫɜɟɰɤɨɝɨɨɦ ɚɥɠɟɧɫɬɜɨɩɨɡɵɜɚɬɢɟɝɨ

ɚɧɢɹɤɨɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɜ ɬɨɦ ɞɨɧɟɝɨɜɟɱɧɵɦɢɱɚɫɵɧɟɦ ɚɸɢɧɟɛɭɞɭªɉɚɞɨɛɧɚɿ

ʆɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɿɦɩɪɚɜɟɂɫɬɘɪɢɞɆɚɬɬ9,,,ɫɝ©«ɭɠɟɹɫɚɦ ɚ

ɧɢɤɬɨɫɛɥ ɢɫɤɢɯɢɤɪɟɜɧɵɯɢɩɨɜɢɧɨɜɚɬɵɯɦ ɨɢɯɨɬɨɬɫɬɚɧɦɚɥɠɟɧɫɤɢɣɢɨ

ɧɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɸɢɧɲɨɸɪɟɱɧɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɵɦɟɬɢɧɟɦɚɸªɌɨɟɠɬɚɦɫɚɦɚɫ

ɝɫɝɿɿɧɲ

144

Ⱥɪ ɯɘɁɊ ɨɫ ɬ9,,, ɱʋ ɫ 

145

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚʋ ɫ ɝ ɉɚɞɨɛɧ ɚɹɡɚɪɭɤɚ ʆɝɚɪɚɞɫ

ɤɨ ɣɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵ ɂɫɬ ɘɪɢɞ Ɇɚɬɬ,;ɫ    ɝ

146

ȺȼɄ9,,ʋVɝ

147

Ⱥɪ ɯɘɁɊɨ ɫɬ9,,,ɱ ʋ ɫɝ

148

ȺɪɯɘɁɊɨ ɫɬ9,,,ɱ ʋɫ  ɝɄɚɬɚɪɵɧɚ

ɡɚɹɜɿɥɚɲ ɬɨ©ɟɫɬ ɥ ɢɛɵɫɹɨɫɬɚ ɜɲɢɫɹ ɡɚɧ ɚɰɟɸɧ ɚɪɨɞɭ ɰɵɝɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ

ɩɨɲɥɚɡɚɦ ɭɠɬɨɝɞɵɧɢɱɢɦɢɧɲɢɦɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɥ ɨɦ ɦ ɚɟɬɛɵɬɢɤɚɪɚɧɚ

ɚɜ ɪɹɞɤɨɠɞɨɣɟɟɜ ɬɵɦ ɤɚɪɚɧɢɛɨɪɨɧɢɬɢɧɟɦ ɚɟɬɚɥɟɟɳɟɜ ɵɞɚɬɢ

ɦ ɚɟɬªɌɚɦɫɚɦɚʋ ɫ ɝɇɚɞɡ ɶ«,RSL VXMĊVLĊWHP

OLVWHPPRLPGREURZROQ\P«KDUáRLZLĊ]LHQLHZV]HODNLHW\POLVWHPRERZLą]XMĊ

MHĞOLE\MDNLHSU]HQDJODQLHE\áRQLHF]\QLąFZW\PIROJLPLĪDGQHM»>© ȱɡɚɩɿɫɜɚɸɫɹ

ɬɵɦɥɿɫɬɨɦɦɚɿɦɞɚɛɪɚɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ«ɚɛɚɜɹɡɜɚɸɝɷɬɵɦɥɿɫɬɨɦɫɦɟɪɰɶɿʆɫɹɥɹɤɚɟ

ɜɹɡɟɧɧɟɤɚɥɿɛɹɤɨɟɩɪɵɫɬɚɜɚɧɧɟɛɵɥɨɧɟɪɨɛɹɱɵɦɧɟʆɝɷɬɵɦɧɿɹɤɚɟɩɚɥɺɝɤɿª @

149

ɂɫɬɘɪɢɞɆɚɬɬ9,,,ɫ±ɝɡɚɪɭɤɚɝɪɵʆɧɚʆɧɚ

ɤɚɪɵɫɰɶɞɪɭɝɨɝɚɛɨɤɭɿɝɷɬɭɥɶɤɿɠɧɚɝɚɪɚɞɫɤɿʆɪɚɞ

150

Ɉ  Ʌɟɜɢɰ ɤɢɣ ɑɟɪɬɵɫɟɦɟɣɧ ɚɝɨ ɛ ɵɬɚ ɫ ɿ SDV VL P ɹɝɨ ɠ

3UR V]O XE V  ɉɚɞ ɨɛɧɚɩɿɲɚɆ Ƚɪɭɲɟɜɫɶɤɢɣȱɫɬɨɪɿɹɍɤɪ ɚʀ

ɧɢ  ɬ9,F   Ⱥ  Ɂɚɝɨ ɪɨ ɜɫɤɢɣ ɈS  FL W ɫ   Ʉɪ ɵɬɵɱ ɧɟɣɲɭɸ

ɩɚɡɿɰɵɸɚɞ ɡɧɚɱɚɸɱɵɜɵɩɚɞ ɤɿ ɠɨɪ ɫɬ ɤɚɫɰɿ ʆɞ ɚɱɵɧɟɧ ɧɿ ɞɚɠɚɧɱɵɧ

ɡɚɧɹʆȺ əɛ ɥɚɧɨ ʆɫɤɿ RS FL W 3+ ;,,, ɝV 

151

Ʉɚɦɹɧɟɰɤɿɹɫɭɞɨɜɵɹɚɤɬɵɡɚɧɚɬɚɜɚɥɿ ɫɩ ɪɷɱɤɭɝɨɞ ɚɩɪɚɞ

ɦɟɬɚɦɹɤɨɟ ɛɵɥ ɚɜɹɫɤɨ ɜɚɹɩɚɞɞɚɧɚɹɆɚɪɤɚɍɡɹɬɚɹɝ ɜɚɥ ɬɚɦ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɭ

ɜɺɫɤɭ ɿ ɧɲɚɝɚ ɩɚɧɚ ɹɧɚʆɠɨ ɩɨɬɵɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɮɚɪ ɦɚɥɶɧɚɚɞɫɬɭɩɥ ɟɧ ɚɪ ɚ

Ɂɜɵɱɚɺɜɚ ɟɲɥɸɛɧɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɪɭɫɿ ɧɚʆ

264

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɧɟɣɲɵɦɩɚɧɚɦɡɚɩɚɟɦɲɱɵɧɭʆɩɚɦɟɪɵɡɥɨɬɵɯɄɚɥɿɠɹɧɚɬɪɨɣɱɵʆɰɹɤɚɥɚɚɞ

ɦɭɠɚʆɪɨɞɧɭɸɜɺɫɤɭɬɨɬɪɷɰɿɦɪɚɡɚɦɪɚɧɟɣɲɵɩɚɧɚɞɦɨɜɿʆɫɹɜɵɞɚɰɶɹɟɚ

ɛɚɰɶɤɚɹɟɞɚʆɜɚɥɚɩɚɧɭɜɺɫɤɿɹɟɦɭɠɚ«prodivortio alias za rozpust»>ɬɨɛɨɤɡɚ

ɪɚɡɜɨɞ@ɿɡɚɬɨɟɤɚɛɜɵɩɭɫɰɿʆɞɚɱɤɭɡɩɚɞɞɚɧɫɬɜɚȽɥ/%LDáNRZVNLɈSFLWV

 ±   ɿ  ɞ ɚɞ ɚɬɚɤ

ʋ±V±əɤɜɵɝɥɹɞɚɟɪɚɡɜɨɞɜɭ ɝɨɪɰɚɇɚɞɡɹɡȺɧ ɧɚɸəɞɚɧ

ɫɤɚɸɛɚʆɜɵɤɥɿɤɚɧ ɵɬɵɦ ɲɬɨ«akt (PD áĪHĔ VWZD QL HG REUR ZROQ \D OH

SRQL HZROQ\ E\á»>© ɚɤɬɫɭɠɨɧɫɬɜɚɧɟɞ ɚɛɪɚɜɨɥɶɧɵɚɥ ɟɩɚɞ ɧɹɜɨɥ ɶɧɵ

ɛɵʆª @Ⱥ ɪɯ ɘɁɊɨɫɬ9,,,ɱʋ ɱ ɫɄɚɠ ɭɱɵ ɩɪɚ

ɜɵɲɷɣ ɲɵɹɫɥ ɚɿ ɝɪɚɦ ɚɞɫɬɜɚɬɪɷɛ ɚɩɪɵɝ ɚɞɚɰɶ ɋɹɦ ɚɲɤɭɹɤɿ ɡɧɹɜɨɥ ɿʆ

ɭɠ ɨ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɧɭ ɸ ɫɬɪ ɵɟɱɧ ɭɸ ɫɹɫɬɪɭ Ɇɚɪɵɸ ɤɧɹɠ ɧɭ Ɇɚɫɚɥɶɫɤɭ ɸɿ

ɝɪ ɚɡɿ ʆ ɲɬɨ ɜɵɞɚɫɰɶ ɹɟ ɡɚ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɤɚɧɸɯɚȽɷɬɚɧɟɛɵɥɨ ɩɭɫɬɨɸ ɩɚɝ

ɪɨɡ ɚɣɛɨ ɹɤɩ ɚɞɚɟ Ɇɚɫɚɥɶɫɤɚɹɹɧɚɛ ɚɹɥɚɫɹ©ɚɛ ɵɯɞɨ ɬɚɤɨɝ ɨɨɛɟɥɶ

ɠɟɧ ɹɹɤ ɞɟɜɤɚ ɧɟɛɨ ɠɱɢɤɚ əɧɚɆ ɨɧɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɨ ɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɟɣ ɫɄɚɡɢ ɦɟ

ɪɨɦ Ʌɟɞɧɢɰɤɢɦ ɛɵɥɚɢɦɚɸɱɢɟɟɩɚɧɋɟɦɚɲɤɨɩɪɢɫɨɛɟɡɚɦ ɚɫɬɚɥɟ

ɪɚɫɜ ɨɟɝɨɨɞɞɚ ɥɧɟɩɪɢ ɲɥɚªȺ ɪɯɘɁɊ ɨɫ ɬ9,,,ɱ ʋ 

ɫ 

152

Ⱥɪ ɯɘɁɊɨ ɫɬ9,,,ɱ ʋ ɫ± 

153

Ɋ ɚɫɟɣɫɤɿɹ ɩɪɵɤɚɡ ɤɿ ɦɨɝ ɭɰɶɩɚɤɚɡɜɚɰɶ ɧɚ ɪɨɡ ɧɿɰɭʆɫɬɚɧɨ ɜ

ɿɲɱɵɠɚɧɱɵɧɧɚɡɟɦɥɹɯɞɚʆɧɹɟɊɷɱɵɉɚɫɩɚɥɿɬɚɟɿɊɚɫɿɿ©ɇɟɜɉɨɥɶɲɟ

ɠɟɧɚɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɟɧɹªɚɥɶɛɨ©ɍɧɚɫɧɟɜɉɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɭɠɠɟɧɵɛɨɥɶ

ɲɟª ɉɚɪȺ  ȿɮɢɦɟɧɤɨɈ SFL W ɫ ɉɨ ɝɥ ɹɞ ɝ ɷɬɚɟ ɚʆɬɚɪɤɿɲ ɬɨ

ɩɚɞɨ ɛɧɵɹ ɩɪɵɤɚɡɤɿ ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚɸ ɰɶ ɬ ɨɥ ɶɤɿ ɧɟɩɪ ɵɹɡɧɚɟ ɫɬɚʆɥ ɟɧ ɧɟ ɞ ɚ

ɩɚɥɹɤɚʆ ɭ ɫɜɹɬɥ ɟ ɜɵɲɷɣ ɩɚɞɚɞɡ ɟɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɚɝ ɧɟ ɜɵɝɥ ɹɞɚɟ ɚɛɝ ɪɭ ɧɬɚ

ɜɚɧ ɵɦ 

154

Ȼɚɝɚɬɵ ɮɚɤɬɵɱɧ ɵɦ ɚɬɷ ɪɵɹɥɭ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɿɫɚɛɪɚʆȺ Ɂ ɚ

ɝɚɪɨ ʆɫɤɿ RS  FL Wɫ   ±  ȽɥɬɚɤɫɚɦɚɆɁ ɜɹɤɢɧɊ ɭɫɫɤɨɟ

ɨ ɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ;9, ɜɟɤɚ   Ⱦɪ ɟɜɧɹɹ ɢ ɇɨ ɜɚɹ Ɋɨ ɫɫɢɹ    ɤɧ±  ɫ

 ± ɉɚɪɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ-'DXYLO OLHU ɿ&GH &OHUTɈ SFLWɪ 

155

 Ɂɚɤɪ ɚɧɭ ɬɚɹɜɵɲɷ ɣ ɩɪ ɚɛɥ ɟɦ ɚɬɵɤɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɟɰ ɰɚ ɱɭ ɠɨ ɸ ɞ ɚɫ

ɥɟɞɚɜɚɧɧɸɋɊɚɦɚɧɚ65RPDQ/HVWDWXWGHODIHPPHGDQVO¶(XURSH2ULHQWDOH

(Po lo g ne et Rus s ie) au mo y en ag e et au x t emp s mo d ernes

 5HFX HLO VGHOD6RFLHWH -HDQ %R GL Q;,, / DIHPPH %UX [HOO HV  

ɪ ± ɯɨɰɶ ɬɷɦɚɬɵɱ ɧɚɹɧɨɿ ɚɯɨ ɩɥɿɜɚɟ ȼɹɥɿ ɤɚɟ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚ Ʌɿɬɨ ʆ

ɫɤɚɟ

156

Ⱥɪ ɯɘɁɊɨɫ ɬ9,,ɱ ɫ 

157

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦ ɚɫ 

158

ɀɟɪ ɟɥɚ ɬ ,F 

159

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚ ɫ 

160

ɀɟɪɟɥɚ ɬ,,,ɫ Ƚɥɬɚɦɫɚɦɚɬ ,ɡɝɚɞɤɿɩɪɚɪɚɡɜɨɞɵ ɫ

 Ɋɚɝɚɰɿɧɫɋɬɪɵɣ ɫ ɋɚɦɛ ɨɪ

161

ɈɅɟɜɢɰɤɢɣɑɟɪɬɵɫɟɦɟɣɧɚɝɨ ɛɵɬɚɫɆȽɪɭɲɟɜɫɶɤɢɣ

ɈSFLWɬ9,ɫ$-DEáRQ RZVNLɈSFLW3+;,,,V

162

ɈɅɟɛ ɟɞɟɜɈSFLWɫ ɝ ɿɈɎɨɬɢ ɧɫɤɢɣɈS FL W

265

ɫɝəɤɩɚɞɚɟɋɟɪɝɹɟɜɿɱɅɟɤɰɢɢɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɨɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ

ɪɭɫɫɤɚɝɨɩɪɚɜɚɜɵɞɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɫɹɪɨɞɤɚɡɚɤɚʆɧɚɞȾɨɧɚɦɭ

;9,±;9,,ɫɬɫɬɪɚɡɜɨɞɚɞɛɵɜɚʆɫɹɩɪɚɡɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɭɸɡɚɹɜɭɦɭɠɚ© ɭɤɚɡɚɰɤɿɦ

ɤɨɥɟª

163

Ⱥ Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜ RSFLW ɫ ɰɵɬɭɟɪɚɩɚɪɬ ɩɚɩɚɚɞ ɝɲɬɨ

ɧɟɣɤɿ ɋɹɦɺɧ Ȼɚɪɚɛɚɲɚʆɧ ɚ ɩɪ ɨɫɶɛ ɭ ɰɟɫɰ ɹʆ©ɪ ɨɡ ɜ ɨ ɞɧ ɨɟɩ ɢɫɦ ɨ ɩ ɨ

ɩɪ ɨɫɬ ɨɬɟ ɫɜɨ ɟɣɩɨ ɱɢɬ ɚɹɨ ɧɨɟɡɚ ɧɟɩɪɨɬ ɢɜɧ ɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɦ ɨɬ ɫɟɛɟ

ɞɚɥ ª ɡɚɲɬɨɩ ɚɜɨɞ ɥɟɜɵɪɚɤɭɞɭ ɯɨʆɧ ɚɝɚ ɫɭɞɚɛɵʆɩɚɤɚɪɚɧ ɵɛɿ ɱɚɜɚɧ

ɧɟɦ ɉɚɞ ɨɛɧ ɚʆɜɵɩɚɞ ɤɭɹɤɿɩ ɪɵɜɨɞɡ ɿɰɶɎɚɰɿɧɫɤɿ ɤɚɡɚɤȾɚɧɟɰɛ ɵʆ

ɚɫɭɞ ɠɚɧɵɧ ɚ ɞɜɭ ɯɝ ɚɞɨ ɜɭ ɸɤɚɹɬɭ ʆɦ ɚɧ ɚɫɬɵɪɵ ɝ ɚɹɝɨ ɧɨ ɜɵ

ɲɥ ɸɛ ɩɪɵɡɧ ɚɧɵɧ ɟɫɚɩɪɚʆɞ ɧɵɦ

164

B. Bogi sic. Pravni obicaje u Slovena, Zagreb, 1867, s. 135–137

ɿ Ⱥȿɮ ɢɦ ɟɧɤɨɈS  FLW ɬ,ɫ  Ɂɚʆɜɚɠɵɦ  ɲɬɨ ʆɯɚɪɜɚɬɚʆ ɦɵ

ɫɭ ɫɬɪɚɤɚɟɦɭ ;,;ɫɬɬɵɹɠ ɬɷɪ ɦɿɧɵ© ɪ ɚɡɜɨɞª  ɿ© ɪɨɫɩɭɫɬª  ɭɠɵɜɚ

ɧɵɹɚɥɶɬɷɪɧɚɬɵʆɧɚɉɚɪ % %RJLV LF *UDGM DXR GJRYR ULPD L]UD]OLFQLK

krajeva Slovensko ga Ju ga, Zagreb , 187 4, s . 284 n.

165

P. Daudet. Etudes sur l’ histoire de la juridiction matrimoniale.

Les orig in es caro li ng ienn es de l a co mp etence excl us ive d e l’ eg li se

)UDQFHHW *HUPDQLH3 DULV   ɪ ± $(VPHLQ/H PDUL DJH HQ

GURL WFDQRQ LTXH,,HG 3DULV ɪ

166

3'DXG HWɈ SFLW ɪ ± Ƚɥ0*+&DSLWX ODUL D,,V 

167

'HG LYR UW LR /R WKDUL UHJL VHW 7HWEHUJ DH UHJLQ DH>ɉ ɪɚɪɚɡɜɨɞ

ɤɚɪ ɚɥɹɅɨ ɬɚɪɚɿ ɤɚɪɚɥɟɜɵɌɷɬɛɷɪɝ ɿ@ 0LJQH3DWURORJL DODWL QD&;;9

N RO   ±  .  .R UDQ\ L3 RZ V]HFKQ D KL VW RULD S DɫVW ZDL  S UDZD

ȵUHG QLRZLHF]HF] :DUV]DZD V ɚɛɜɟɪɝɧɭʆɧɟɞɚɤɥɚɞ ɧɭɸ

ɚɰɷɧɤɭɩ ɚɡɿ ɰɵɿ Ƚɿɧɤɦɚɪ ɚ ɞɚɞ ɡɟɧ ɭɸ ɦɧɨ ɸʆɩɟɪɲɚɣ ɪɷɞ ɚɤɰ ɵɿ ɝɷɬɚɟ

ɩɪɚɰɵ&3+;9] V  

168

ȿɜɩɚɜɨɞɥɟɆɚɪɤɚ«excepto fornicationis»>© ɧɟ ɡɚɛɥɭɞ

ɥɿɜɚɫɰɶª @ɉɚɞɨɛɧɚȿɜ ɩɚɜɨɞ ɥɟɆɚɰɜɟɹ >© ɚɩɪɚɱɚ ɜɿɧɵ ɛɥɭɞɭ ª @

..RUDQ\ LɈ S FLWV   ɩɟɪɚɛɥɵɬɚʆ ɭɬɷɤɫɰɟɫɜɆɚɪɤɚɡ Ɇɚɰɜɟ

ɟɦɉɪɚɜɿɥɶɧɚɧɚɫ>Ƚɡɧɚɛɟɞɡɜɟɰɵɬɚɬɵ²ɡɆɚɰɜɟɹɆɰɿɆɰ

— ɉɟɪ]

169

J. Dauvi lli er. L e mari age dans le dr oit cl ass iqu e d e l’E gli se

dep uis le D ecret de Grat ien (114 0) j usqu ’a mort d e Cl emen t V (131 4),

3DULV ɪ  ±Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɚɝ ɥɹɞɪ ɚɧɟɣɲɚɟɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭ ɪɵ

170

ɈɅɟɜɢɰɤɢɣ Ɉ ɫɟɦ ɟɣɧɵɯɨɬ ɧɨɲ ɟɧɢ ɹɯ ɫ  ɺɧɠ ɚɑɟɪ

ɬɵɫɟɦ ɟɣɧɚɝɨ ɛɵɬɚɫ ± Ⱥ Ɂɚɝɨɪɨ ɜɫɤɢɣ ɈS FLW ɫ 

171

 ɏɚɪɚɤɬɷ ɪɧ ɚɟ  ² ɯɨ ɰɶ ɿ ɩɟɪɚɛ ɨɥ ɶɲɚɧɚɟ ² ɭ ɝ ɷɬ ɵɦ ɞɚɱɵ

ɧɟɧɧɿ ɫɜɟɞɱ ɚɧɧɟ ɩɚɤɿɧɭʆɉ ¶ɟɪ ɞ ¶Ⱥɜɿɰ ɿ 3L HUUHG¶ $Y LW \ /HV( VW DW V

HPSLUHV HW SULQFLSDXWH]G X PRQ GHɰɵɬ ɩɚɜɨɞ ɥɟ ɜɵɞ  *HQ HY H  

ɪ  ɞɡɟɝɚɜɨɪ ɵɰɰɚɩɪ ɚɲɥɸɛ ɧɵɹ ɡɜɵɱɚɿ ɧɚɅɿɬɜɟ «Les femm es

de ce p ays ont des amis par la permission d e leurs mari s, et s’en s ervent

au j eu d’am ou r qua nd b on leur semb le, et to ut esf oi s si un h om me

marie avoit quel que maitresse, il en seroi t bla sme. Les m ariag es s ont

Ɂɜɵɱɚɺɜɚ ɟɲɥɸɛɧɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɪɭɫɿ ɧɚʆ

266

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

entr’euxsi peu assurez, qu’ils les rompent aysement,et sequittent d’un commun

accord, semarians et remarians autant defois qu’ils enprennent fantasie»[…].

172

.ɋɚɯɚɧɟɜɿɱRSFLWVɡɜɹɪɧɭʆɭɜɚɝɭɲɬɨɮɨɪɦɚ© ɪɚɡɜɨɞɧɚɝɚ

ɥɿɫɬɚª ɬɚɤɚɹɩɚɩɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɧɚɅɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɣɊɭɫɿɭɜɨɝɭɥɟɧɟɛɵɥɚɜɹɞɨɦɚɹɧɚȽɚɥɿɰɤɚɣ

Ɋɭɫɿʆ;9ɫɬ

173

ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢɬ,ɫ ɩɚɩɹɪɷɞɧɿɹɜɵɞ ɚɧɧɿȺɁɊɬ,ʋ 

ɫ ɊɂȻ ;;9,,N RO± 

174

ȺɁ Ɋɬ,ʋ  ɫ  ɉ ɚɪɉɚɦ ɹɬɧɢ ɤɢ ɬ ,ɫ 

175

Ɋɭ ɤɚɩɿɫɧɚɹɡ ɚɩɿ ɫɤɚʆɤɚɩɿ ɬɭɥ ɶɧɚɣ ɛɿ ɛɥɿ ɹɬɷɰɵʆ ɉɹɪɷɦ ɵɫɥɿ

ɚɞ ɡɧ ɚɱ ɚɟ «Cas im ir us con fi rm at p ri vi legi um V it ol di … pr o cl er o

Pr em is li en si , ne a gg ra vetu r, n e eo s no bi les ju di ca nt , ne cau sa s

matrimoniales ad se abstrahant, et ne expelliant parochos»ɰɵɬ ɩɚɜɨɞ

ɥɟ /6]DUDQLHZL F]Ɉ SFLW V ɡɚʆɜ 

176

ȺɁ Ɋɬ,,ʋ  ɫ ±  ɉɚɪɑ ɚɪɧɟ ɰɤɢɣɈS FL W ɫ 

177

ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢɬ,ɫ  ɩ ±  ɍɡɚɤɚɧɱɷɧɧɿɝ ɷɬɚɟɪɷ ɞɚɤɰ ɵɿ

©ɋɜɢɬɤɚªɱɵɬɚɟɦ ©ȼɨɜ ɫɟɦɤɧɹɠɟɧɢɢɧɚɲɨ ɦ ɞɚɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɹɤ

ɛɟɡ ɡɚɤɨ ɧɟɧɛ ɪɚɤɢ ɛɥɭɞ«ɋɢ ɹɜɫɹ ɫɭɞ ɵɰɟɪ ɤɨɜɶɞɚɫɭɞɢɬ«ɤɧɹ ɡɟɦ

ɠɟɛɨɹɪ ɨɦ ɢɫɭɞɢɚɦ ɜɬ ɵɟɫɭɞɵɧɟɜ ɫɬɭɩɚɬɢɫɹ«ª

178

. 6RFKDQ LHZLF]ɈS FLW GRGDWHN,, V± 

179

ȺɁ Ɋɬ, ʋ  ɫ   ɉɚɪ.&KR G\Q LFNL  . RĞ FL yá

SUDZRVáDZQ\D5]HF]SRVSROLWD3ROVND±:DUV]DZDV

180

ɉɚɦ ɹɬɧɢ ɤɢɬ,ɫ  ɩ ©Ȼɪɚɤɭɜɫɹ ɤɨɝɨ ɱɢɧ ɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɞɚ

ɧɟ ɞɟɪɡɧ ɟɬɧɢɤɬɨɫɭɞɢɬɢ ɧɢɠɟɪ ɚɡɜɨɞ ɢɬɢɨ ɬɦɢɪ ɫɤɢɯɜ ɥ ɚɫɬɟɥɟɣ

ɩɨɞɡɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɧɚɰɟɪɤɨɜɶɫɨɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɫɤɨɸɩɹɬɢɫɨɬ ɪɭɛɥ ɟɣɝɪɨ

ɲɟɣ ɲɢɪ ɨɤɢɯɫɟɣɛɨ ɫɭɞ ɟɫɬ ɶɟɩ ɢɫɤɨ ɩɫɤɢ ɣª.

181

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚɩ  ±

182

Ⱥ ɁɊ ɬ,, ʋ   ɫ   ɉɚɪ Ɇɚɤɚɪ ɢɣ  ɂɫɬɨ ɪɢ ɹ ɪɭ ɫɫɤɨ ɣ

ɰɟɪɤɜɢ,; ɉɟɬɟɪɛ ɭɪɝ ɫ ɿ ɑɚɪ ɧɟɰ ɤɢɣɈ S FLWɫ 

183

ȺɁɊɬ,,ʋ ɫ  ɉ ɚɪ Ɇɚɤɚɪɢɣ/RFFL W

184

ȺɁɊɬ,,ʋɫ±Ɍɚɦɦɿɧɱɵɬɚɟɦ©ɂɩɪɢɤɚɡɭɟɦ ɚɛɵɜɫɢ

ɤɧɹɡɢɢɩɚɧɨɜɟɧɚɲɨɝɨɪɢɦɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɚɤɚɤɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟɬɚɤɫɜɟɬɫɤɢɟɢɬɟɠ

ɜɨɟɜɨɞɵɫɬɚɪɨɫɬɵɢɧɚɦ ɟɫɬɧɢɤɢɬɚɤɪɢɦ ɫɤɨɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɭɤɚɤɢɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢ

ɬɢɜ ɭɧɵɢɜɫɢɡɚɤɚɡɧɢɤɢɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɰɵɩɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɦ ɧɚɲɢɦɢɬɟɠɩɨɦɟɫɬɚɦ

ɧɚɲɢɦɜɨɣɬɨɜ ɟɛɭɪɦ ɢɫɬɪɵɢɪɚɞɰɵ«ɜ ɞɨɯɨɞɵɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɵɟɢɜɨɜɫɢɫɩɪɚɜɵɢ

ɜɫɭɞɵɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟɧɟɜɫɬɭɩɚɥɢɫɹ«ɛɨɟɫɦ ɢɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɥɢɦɢɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɭɢɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɨɦ

ɫɭɞɢɬɢɢɪɹɞɢɬɢɢɞɟɥɚɞɭɯɨɜ ɧɵɟɫɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɬɢɢɥɸɞɢɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɵɟɡɚɜ ɟɞɚɬɢ

ɩɨɞɥ ɟɞɚɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɵɱɚɹª.

185

Ⱥɪɯɟɨɝɪ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɬ9,ʋɫ©Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɧ ɚɤɚɡɭɟ ɚɜ

ɞɟɥ ɟɯɞ ɭɯɨɜɧ ɵɯɧɟɯɚɣ ɨɧ>ɦɿɬɪɚɩ ɚɥɿɬ @ɩɨɩ ɨɜɢ ɥɸɞɟɣɜɚ ɲɢɯ ɝɪɟɱɟɫ

ɤɨ ɝɨ ɡɚ ɤɨɧ ɚɫɭɞ ɢɬ ɢɪ ɹɞ ɢɬ ɩɨ ɬɨ ɦ ɭɠɤɚɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɤɢɟɝɨɩ ɟɪɜ ɵɹ

ɦ ɢɬɪɨɩ ɨɥɢɬɵɤɢɟɜ ɫɤɢɢɢɜɫɟɹ Ɋɭɫɢɫɭɠɢ ɜɚɥɢª.

186

ɂɆɚɥ ɢɧ ɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ɋɚɞɚȼɟɥ ɢɤɚɝ ɨ Ʉɧ ɹɠ ɟɫɬɜɚ Ʌɢɬɨ ɜɫɤɚɝɨ ɜ

ɫɜɹɡɢɫɛɨ ɹɪɫɤɨ ɣɞ ɭɦɨ ɣ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɱ  Ɍɨ ɦɫɤ   ɫ  

Ƚɷɬɵɷɞɵɤɬɧɚɦɜɹɞɨɦɵɬɨɥɶɤɿɫɚɡɝɚɞɤɿɩɪɚɹɝɨ

267

187

ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋɫ

188

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚ ɬ,,ʋ  ɫ 

189

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɬ,,,ʋ ɫ  ɝ

190

ȺɁɊɬ ,,ʋ  ɫ  ɀɵɝɿɦɨ ɧɬɋɬ ɚɪɵɩ ɿɫɚʆ ,; ɝ

ɩɪ ɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɦɤɧɹɡɹɦ ɩɚɧ ɚɦɛɚɹɪɚɦɿ ɦɹɲɱɚɧɚɦ ɫɥɨ ɧɿɦ ɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɚɜɟ

ɬɭ ɲɬɨɦɿ ɬɪɚɩɚɥ ɿɬɤɿɟʆɫɤɿȱɨɫɿɮɩ ɚɜɟɞɚɦ ɿʆɹɦɭ ©ɲɬ ɨɠɜɵ ɞɟɣɟɝ ɨɜ

ɞɟɥɚɯɞ ɭɯɨɜɧɵɯɧɟɫɥ ɭɲɚɟɬɟɢɡ ɠɨɧɚɦ ɢɞɟɣɫɜɨɢɦ ɢɧɟɡɚɤɨ ɧɧɨɠɢ

ɜɟɬ ɟɢ ɨɧɞɟɣ ɬɚɦ  ɭɫɬɚɧ ɨɜɢɥ ɞ ɟɫɹɬɢ ɥ ɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɜ ɨɪɹɧɢɧ ɚɧɚɲ ɨɝɨ

Ⱦɟɧ ɧɢɰɭɚɫɧɢɦ ɩɪɨ ɬɨɩɨ ɩɚɫɜ ɨɟɝɨ ɉɪ ɨɬɨ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɭɟɦ ɜɚ ɦɚ ɠɛɵ

ɟɫɬɟ>ɿɦ@ɜ ɞɟɥɚɯɞ ɭɯɨɜɧɵɯɩɨɫɥ ɭɲɧɵɛ ɵɥɢɜɨɜ ɫɟɦ ɢɡɠɨ ɧɚɦ ɢɫɜɨ

ɢɦ ɢ ɦ ɟɲɤɚɥ ɢɟɫɬɟɡɚɤɨɧ ɧɟª.

191

ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋ  ɫ 

192

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɬ,,,ʋ ɫɝ©Ⱥɧɚ ɛɪɚɤ ɧɟɯɨɞ ɢɝɞɟ

ɦ ɭɠɠɨɧɭɩɭɫɬɢɬɚɛɨɠɨɧɚɦ ɭɠɚɛɟɡɜ ɢɧɵɢɢɧɞɟɫɹɩɨɣɦ ɚɸɬɢɥɢ

ɜɨɩɥɟɦ ɟɧɢɩ ɨɣɦ ɭɬɶɫɹª.

193

ȺɪɯɘɁ Ɋɨɫɬ9,,,ɱ  ʋ ɫ 

194

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɬ,ɱʋ  ɫɇɚɫɥɭɯɚɧɧɿʆɫɩɪɚɜɟɪɚɡɜɨɞɭ

Ɂɚɝɚɪ ɨʆɫɤɚɝ ɚ ɝɛɵʆɩ ɪɚɞ ɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵ ɥɿɫɬɩɚɬɪ ɵɹɪɯɚɤɚɧɫɬɚɧɰ ɿ

ɧɨ ɩɚɥ ɶɫɤɚɝɚɹɤɿ ɫɰɜɹɪ ɞɠɚʆ ɲɬɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɪɚɡ ɜɨɞ ɧɟɫɚɩɪɚʆɞɧ ɵ ɛɨ ɰɚɪ ɤ

ɜɚ©ɬɚɤɨɝɨɛɥ ɭɞɭɨɠɟɧɟɧɶɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɸɠɨɧɨɸɡɚɛɨ ɪɨɧɹɟɬɶɚɯɬ ɨɛɵ

ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɛɵɥɚɛɵɬɚɤɨ ɝɨɨ ɠɟɧɟɧ ɶɹɩɨ ɡɜ ɨɥ ɹɥɤɥ ɹɬɶɛɭɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ

ɤɥɚɞ ɟɬª.

195

Ⱥɤɬɵɥɢɬɨɜɫɤɨɪɭɫɫɤɚɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ;,9±;9,ɫɬɫɬ ʋɫ

196

Ⱥɪɯɟɨɝɪɋɛɨɪ ɧɢɤ ɬ9,ʋ  ɫ Ƚɷɬɚɡɝɚɞɤɚɩɪɚɞɚɤɭ

ɦɟɧɬɩɪ ɚɞ ɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵ ʆɯɨɞɡ ɟ ɩɪɚɰɷɫɭ ɹɤɿ ɚɞɛɵɜɚʆɫɹ ʆ  ɝɚɛɌɭ

ɪɚɜɟɿ ɩɪ ɵɥ ɟɝɥ ɵɯɚɛ ɲɚɪɚɯ

197

ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋ  ɫ 

198

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚ ʋ  ɫ 

199

ɀɟɪɟɥ ɚɬ, ɫ 

200

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɫɿ

201

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɫ

202

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɬ ,ɫ  ɬ ,,,ɫ 

203

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚɬ, ɫ 

204

ȺɪɯɘɁ Ɋɨɫɬ9,, ɱ ɫ 

205

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚɫ  

206

Ƚɥɜɵɲɷɣɡɚʆɜ  ɿ 

207

ȺɪɯɘɁɊɨ ɫɬ9,,,ɱ   ʋɫ 

208

ɉɚɪ ɚʆɧɡɚʆɜ  ɿ 

209

ɊɂȻ;;NROɝ©ɉɪɚɜɨɜ ɚɥɫɹɫɧɢɦ  ɜɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɦ

ɩɪɚ ɜɟɨ ɠɨɧɭɫɜ ɨ ɸª ȺɁɊɬ,,,ʋ ɫ  ɝ²ɪɚɡɜɨɞ ɩɟɪ ɚɞ

ɭɥ ɚɞɵɤɚɦȺ ȼɄ;9,,ʋ   V  ±  ɝ ɝ ɚɪɚɞɡɟɧɫɤɿɝɚ

ɪɚɞɫɤɿ ɩɿ ɫɚɪ ɤɚɠɚɩ ɪɚ ɪɚɡɜɨ ɞ ©Ɇ ɹ ɦ ɢ ɬɪ ɨɩɨ ɥɢ ɬ ɡ ɧɟɸ>ɠɨ ɧɤɚɸ @

ɪɨɫɩɭɫɬɢ ɥ ª ȱɧɲɵɹɩɪ ɵɤɥɚɞɵɝ ɥɆɚɹɱɚɧɟɰɉɪɨ ɲɥɸɛ ɫ  

210

ɈɅɟɜɢɰɤɢɣɈɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɫȺɁɚɝɨɪɨɜɫɤɢɣɈS

Ɂɜɵɱɚɺɜɚ ɟɲɥɸɛɧɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɪɭɫɿ ɧɚʆ

268

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

FLWɫ

211

ȽɥɈɅɟɜɢɰɤɢɣɑɟɪɬɵɫɟɦɟɣɧɚɝɨ ɛɵɬɚɫ $-DEɿRQRZVNL

ɈSFLW  3+ ;,,,  V 

212

Ƚɥ  Ɉ Ʌɟɜɢɰ ɤɢ ɣ ɑ ɟɪ ɬɵ ɫɟɦ ɟɣ ɧɚɝɨ  ɛ ɵɬɚ ɫ    

$-DEɿRQ RZVNLɈS FLW 3+ ;,,, V 

213

Ⱥɪ ɯ ɘɁ Ɋɨɫɬ, ʋ   ɫ ±    ɝɭ ɩɪ ɚɰɷ ɫɟ

ɩɟɪɚɞ ɭɥɚɞɡɿɦ ɿɪɫɤɿɦ ɛɿɫɤɭɩɚɦɭ ɩɚʆɧɚɜɚɠɚɧ ɵɹɁ ɛɚɪ ɚɫɤɚɟɠ ɚɞɚɥɿɚɞ

ɯɿɥ ɟɧɧɹ©ɭɝɨ ɞɵªɚɛɪ ɚɡɜɨɞɡ ɟ ʆɩɪɵɜɚɬɧ ɵɦ ɚɤɰ ɟɩɚɦɿ ɠ Ɂɛɚɪɚɫɤɚɸɿ

Ɂɚɝɚɪɨʆɫɤɿɦɛɨ©ɥɢɫɬ«ɹɤɨɧɟɫɥɭɲɧɵɣɚ ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɣ«ɭɫɭɞɭ ɜ ɚɲɟɣ

ɦ ɢɥɨɫɬɢɩɪɵɣɦ ɨɜɚɧɛɵɬ ɢɧɟɦ ɨɠɟɬɡɦ ɧɨ ɝɢɯɩɪɢɱɢɧɩɟɪɲ ɚɢɠ

ɪɚɡɜ ɨɞɜ ɦɚɥɠɟɧɫɬɜ ɟɛɟɡɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɜɉɢɫɦ ɟɋɜɟɬɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɣɛɵɬɢ

ɧɟɦ ɨɝ Ⱥ ɟɫɬ ɥɢɛɵɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɧɨ ɸɜ ɉɢɫɦ ɟɨ ɩɢɫɚ ɧɨɸɫɬ ɚɥɫɹ ɬɟɞɵ

ɧɢ ɝɞɟɢɧ ɞɟɣ ɬ ɨɥɶɤɨɩ ɟɪɟɞɫɭɞɨ ɦ ɞ ɭɯɨ ɜɧɵɦɜ ɨɞɥɟɚɪ ɬɢɤɭɥɭ ɜ

ɪɨ ɡɞɟɥ ɟ9ɛɨ ɟɫɬɥ ɢɛɵ ɯɬɨ ɬɚɤɨ ɜɵɟɥɢɫɬɵɡ ɚɫɥ ɭɲɧɵɟɪɨ ɡɭɦ ɟ ɬɢ

ɯɨɬɟɥɬɟɞɵɛɵɬɨ ɛɵɥɨɩɨɠɢɞɨɜɫɤɭɱɨɝɨɯɪɢɫɬɢ ɚɧɫɬɜɨɛɨɪɨɧɢɬª

ɫ ɉɚɪɬɚɦɫɚɦ ɚɬ9,,,ɱ  ɫ 

214

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɫ    ɍɥ ɚɞ ɵɤɚ ɯɷɥɦɫɤɿ ɫɚ ɫɜɚɿ ɦɿ ©ɤɪɵɥɨ ɲɚ ɧɚ 

ɦ ɢɛɭɞɭɱɵɡɪ ɚɦ ɟɧɹ ɟɝɨɤɨɪɨɥɟɜ ɫɤɨɟɦ ɢɥɨɫɬ ɢɞɨɬ ɟɣɫɩ ɪɚɜɵɩ ɪɢ

ɞɚ ɧɵɦª ɡ ɚɹɜɿʆɜɟɬɚɫɭɩɪ ɨɰɶ ɜɵɪ ɚɤɭ ɹɤ ɫɭ ɩɹɪ ɷɱ ɧɚɝɚ ɡɚɤɨ ɧ ɭ Ȼɨ 

ɠ ɚɦ ɭ ɿ ɩ ɚɫɩɚɥɿ ɬɚɦ ɭ ɍ ɧɚɫɬɭ ɩɧɵɦ ɝ ɨɞ ɡ ɟ ʆɥ ɚɞɡ ɿ ɦɿ ɪɫɤɿɹ ɫɜɹɬɚɪɵ

ɹɤɿ ɹ ɜɵɞ ɚɥ ɿ  ɿ ɧ ɤɪ ɵɦɿ ɧɚɜɚɧ ɵ ɜɵɪ ɚɤ ɛɵɥ ɿ  ɩɚɤɥ ɿ ɤɚɧ ɵɹ Ɇɚɪ ɭ ɲɚɣ

Ɂ ɛɚɪɚɫɤɚɣ ɭ ɤɚɪ ɚɥ ɟʆɫɤɿ ɫɭɞ ɋɜɹɬɚɪ ɵ ɚɝ ɚɜɚɪɵɥɿ ɲɬɨ ɩ ɪ ɵɡ ɧɚɸɰ ɶ

ɹɝɨ  ɧɟɚɞɩ ɚɜɟɞ ɧ ɵɦ  ɛ ɨ ɫɩɪɷ ɱ ɤɚ ɬɵɱ ɵɰɰɚɫɩ ɪɚɜɵ ɞ ɭɯɨ ʆɧɚɟ ɚɥɟ

ɜɵɤɚɡ ɜɚɸɱɵɩɚɲɚɧ ɭɿ ɩɚɫɥ ɭɲɷ ɧɫɬ ɜɚ ə>ɝ ɨ@ Ʉ>ɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɤɚɣ@ Ɇ>ɿɥɚɫɰɿ @

ɜɵɫɥ ɚɥ ɿ ʆɩɚʆɧɚɜɚɠ ɚɧɚɝ ɚɤɚɛ ɬɨɣ  ɞɚɜɨɞ ɡɿ ʆɧɟɚɞ ɩ ɚɜɟɞɧ ɚɫɰɶ ɫɭɞ ɚ

ɩɟɪ ɚɞ ɤɚɪ ɚɥ ɟʆɫɤɿ ɦ  ɮɨ ɪɭ ɦɚɦ  Ⱥ ɪ ɯ ɘɁ  Ɋ ɨɫ ɬ , ɱ   ʋ   

ɫ Ⱥ ɞɧɚɤ ɞɥ ɹ ʆɥɚɞɡ ɿ ɦɿ ɪɫɤɚɝ ɚ ʆɥ ɚɞ ɵɤɿ  ɤɚɥ ɿ ɺɧ  ɜɵɞɚʆɜɵɪ ɚɤ

ɹɤɿ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɜɚʆɫɚɩ ɪɚʆɞɧ ɚɫɰɶɞ ɪɭ ɝɨ ɝɚɲɥɸ ɛɭ  ɿ ɡɚɤɨ ɧɧ ɚɫɰɶɧ ɚɪ ɨɞ 

ɠ ɚɧ ɚɝɚʆ ɿɦ  ɩɚɬɨɦ ɤɚɧɟɛ ɵɥɨ ɫɭ ɦɧɟɧɧɹʆ ɲɬɨ ɚɛ ɝ ɷɬ ɵɦ ɜɵɪ ɚɤɭ

ɧɟɡɚɞɚɜɨɥɟɧɚɦɭɛɨɤɭ©ɜɨɥɶɧɨɚɩɟɥɨɜɚɬɢɞɨɟɝɨɤɨɪɨɥɟɜ ɫɤɨɟɦɢɥɨɫɬɢªɫ

179).

215

Ⱥɪ ɯɘɁ  Ɋɨ ɫɬ 9,,,ɱ   ʋ   ɫ ±   ɇɚɞɡ ɶɿ

ɬɚɦ ɫɚɦɚʋ ɫ± Ⱥ Ɋɭɫɿɧɡ ɞɚɱɤɨ ɸ

216

ɉɪ ɚɚɫɨɛɧɚɫɰɶɝɷ ɬɵɯɧɨɪ ɦɚʆɿ ɩɪɵɡ ɧɚɧɧ ɟɿ ɯɧɚɜɚɬɞɭ ɯɚɜɟɧ

ɫɬɜɚɦɫɜɟɞ ɱɵɰɶɧ ɚɫɬɭɩɧɵɩɪɵɤɥ ɚɞɝɚɫɩɚɞɚɪ ɫɤɿɦɚɪ ɲɚɥɚɤȺɥɹɤɫɚɧɞɪ

ȼɹɥɿɱ ɤɚɛɭ ɞɭɱ ɵɩ ɚɫɥ ɨɦ ɭɄɪɵɦ ɟɜɵɤɭ ɩɿʆɬɚɦɡ ɧɹɜɨɥ ɿɲ ɥɹɯɰɹɧ ɤɭ

Ƚɚɧɧɭɏɚɥɚɿɦɚɜɭ ɹɤɭɸɩ ɨɬɵɦɭ ɡɹʆɡɚɦɭɠɤɚɥɹ ɝ ɉɟɪɚɞ ɲɥɸ

ɛɚɦ ɦɭɠ Ƚɚɧɧɵ ɧɚɦɚɝ ɚʆɫɹ ɜɹɪɧɭ ɰɶɫɚɛɟɠ ɨɧɤɭɚɥ ɟ ȼɹɥ ɿɱ ɤɚɡɚɹɜɿʆ

ɨɤɭɩ ɢɥ ª ȼɿ ɞɚɜɨ ɱɧ ɚɞ ɥɹɡ ɜɵɱɚɺɜɚɝ ɚ ɩɪ ɚɜɚ ɝɷɬɚɛ ɵɥ ɨ ɞɚɫɬɚɬɤɨ ɜɚɣ

ɩɚɞ ɫɬɚɜɚɣ ɤɚɛ ɫɤɚɫɚɜɚɰ ɶ ɩɚɩɹɪɷ ɞɧɿ ɲɥ ɸɛ  ɩɚɤɨ ɥɶɤɿ ɚɪɯɿɦ ɚɧ ɞɪ ɵɬ

ɩɪɵɫɭɬɧ ɵɩɪ ɵɫɩɪ ɷɱɰɵɫɚɦɩɨɬɵɦɞ ɚʆɲɥ ɸɛȼɹɥɿɱ ɤɭɿ Ƚɚɧɧ ɟȺ ɪɯ

ɘɁɊ ɨɫɬ 9,,,ɱ ʋ ɫ 

217

D V,18: «Cognitionem de divortiis nonnisi ad iudicum ecclesiasticum

269

utriusqueet Romaniet Graeciritus pertinere,ut moreet institutototius Christianitatis

ɪɚɡɜɨɞɵɧɚɥɟɠɚɥɚɬɨɥɶɤɿɞɚɤɚɦɩɟɬɷɧɰɵɿɰɚɪɤɨʆɧɵɯɫɭɞɞɡɹʆɚɛɨɞɜɭɯɚɛɪɚɞɚʆ

±ɪɵɦɫɤɚɝɚɿɝɪɷɰɤɚɝɚɹɤɭɫɬɚɧɨʆɥɟɧɚɡɜɵɱɚɟɦɿɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɿʆɫɹɝɨɯɪɵɫɰɿɹɧɫɤɚɝɚ

ɫɜɟɬɭª @ɥɚɰɿɧɫɤɿɩɟɪɚɤɥɚɞɭ$UFK.RP3UDZ9,,V

218

T V, 20.

219

ȺȼɄ;;,ʋ V ɝ

220

ɉɚɞɨɛ ɧɚ Ɇȼɥ ɚɞɢɦɢɪ ɫɤɢ ɣȻɭɞɚɧɨ ɜ Ɉɬɱ ɟɬɫ   ɿɈ Ʌɟ

ɜɢɰɤɢɣ  ɑɟɪɬɵɫɟɦ ɟɣ ɧɚɝɨ ɛɵɬɚ ɫ 

221

ȺɪɯɘɁɊɨ ɫɬ9,,,ɱ   ʋɫ 

222

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚ ʋ  ɫ 

223

ɂɫɬɘɪɢɞ Ɇɚɬɬ9,,, ɫ  ±  ɫɚɤɚɜɿɤɚ ɝɚɪ

ɰɵɛɿ ɫɤɭɩɩ ɨɥɚɰɤɿ ɞɚʆɪɚɡɜɨɞɦ ɟɲɱɚɧɿ ɧɭȻɚɝ ɞɚɧɭɅɭ ɤ¶ɹɧɨɜɿɱɭɡ ɠɨɧ

ɤɚɣ ɍɥɿ ɬɚɣ ɇɟʆɡɚɛɚɜɟɭ ɠɨ  ɫɚɤɚɜɿ ɤɚ ɬɚɝɨ ɠ ɝɨɞ ɚɫɭɠɨ ɧɤɿ ɪɚɡ

ɜɟɞɡɟɧɵɹʆɠ ɨʆɞɭ ɯɨʆɧɵɦɫɭ ɞɡɟɡ ¶ɹɜɿɥ ɿɫɹɩɟ ɪɚɞ ɦɟɫɬɚɜɵɦɫɭ ɞɨɦ ɿ

ɡɚɹɜɿ ɥɿɲɬɨʆɡɚɟɦɧɚɜɵɡɜɚɥɹɸɰɶɚɞ ɡɿɧ ɚɞ ɧɚɝ ɨɫɚɲ ɥɸɛ ɭ

224

ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧ ɢɤɨɦɪɨɡɩɭɫɬ ɢɜɲɢɫɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɦ ɟɠɫɟɛɟ ɞɚɥɢɢɨɞɢɧ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ

ɢɡɦ ɚɥ ɠɟɧɫɬɜɚɜɵɡɜ ɨɥɢɜ ɲɢª.

225

Ⱥ Ʌɟɛɟɞɡ ɟʆR SFLW ɫ ɩ ɚɞɚɟ ɩɪɵɤɥ ɚɞɵɝɷɬɚɝɚɎɨɰɿɧɫɤɿ

RS FL W ɫ ɪ ɚɡɜɨ ɞɡ ɭɡɚɟɦɧɚɟɡɝɨ ɞɵɡ ɚɩɚɪ ɨɠɫɤɚɝɚ ɤɚɡɚɤɚȾɚɧɰɚɡ

ɜɨ ɞɧ ɵɯɥ ɿɫɬɨ ʆª ɛ ɚɤɚɦ ɿʆɩ ɪɵɫɭ ɬɧ ɚɫɰɿ ɫɜɹɬɚɪ ɚ ʆ ɹɝ ɨɧ ɵɦ ɞ ɨɦ ɟȽɥ

ɬɚɤɫ ɚɦ ɚ ɡɚʆɜ 

226

Ⱥɪ ɯɘɁɊ ɨɫɬ ,ɱ   ʋ  ɫ      ɝ ɋɬɷɮɚɧ

Ȼɚɬɨ ɪɵɣ ʆɝ ɚɜɨɪ ɜɚɟ ɩɪ ɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧ ɵɯ ɛɿ ɫɤɭɩɚʆɭ Ʌɭɰ ɤɭ ɿ ȸɥɚɞɡ ɿɦ ɿɪ ɵ

ɤɚɛ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɹɫɜɹɬɚɪ ɵɧɟ ɞɚɜɚɥ ɿɤɚɬɚɥɿɤɚɦɲɥɸ ɛɚʆ ɧɟɪɚɡɜɨɞɡ ɿɥɿ

ɿɧ ɟɞɚɜɚɥɿɿ ɦɫɚɤɪɚɦɷ ɧɬɚʆ ²ɹɤ ɬɨɪɨ ɛɹɰɶ ɰɹɩɟɪ ²ɩɚɞɲɬɪɚɮɚɦ 

ɬɵɫɤɨɩɝɪɨɲɚɣɚɞɛɿɫɤɭɩɚɭɱɵɺɣɞɵɹɰɷɡɿɿɬɚɤɨɟɚɞɛɭɞɡɟɰɰɚȺɥɟɡɩɚɡɧɟɣɲɚɟ

ɩɪɚɤɬɵɤɿɜɵɧɿɤɚɟɲɬɨɝɷɬɵɧɚɤɚɡɧɟɜɵɤɨɧɜɚʆɫɹȼɹɞɨɦɵɧɚɦəɧȼɚɥɿɰɤɿ

ɪɚɡɜɨɞɡɹɱɵɫɹɡɭɡɚɟɦɧɚɟɡɝɨɞɵɡɯɜɨɪɚɸɠɨɧɤɚɣɭɝɯɨɰɶɫɚɦɛɵʆ

ɤɚɬɚɥɿɤɨɦɪɚɡɜɨɞɡɞɡɟɣɫɧɿʆɚɞɡɿɧɪɚɡɭɫɜɟɰɤɚɣɮɨɪɦɟɞɪɭɝɿɪɚɡ²ɩɟɪɚɞ

ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɦɫɜɹɬɚɪɨɦȺɪɯɘɁɊɨɫɬ9,,,ɱʋɫ±ɉɚɪ

ɈɅɟɜɢɰɤɢɣɑɟɪɬɵɫɟɦɟɣɧɚɝɨɛɵɬɚɫ

227

$7KHLQHU9HWHUDPRQXPHQWD3RORQLDHHW/LWKXDQLDH,,,ʋɪ

ɩɟɪɚɤɥɚɞɡɩɨɥɶɫɤɚɟ«Et quiapresbyteri ritusnostri inditionibus tamR.Maiestatis

quam Senatorum Regni etnobilitatis degentes,officialium etdominorum suorum

confisi preasidio,insolescunt ut plurimum, matrimonia promiscue separant,

unterdumquedomini capitanei et eorum officiales modici lucri causa,quod ex

separationibus istiusmodihabent,tuentur dictos presbyteros,nec adsuos episcopos

vel Synodoscompelli permittunt,insolentes puniriad episcopisprohibent;visitatores,

quod mittimus,ignominiose tractant,verberibusque afficiunt:petimus utliberum sit

nobis punirehuiusmodi, etin disciplinaecclessiastica retinere.…Seculares vero,

Ɂɜɵɱɚɺɜɚ ɟɲɥɸɛɧɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɪɭɫɿ ɧɚʆ

270

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

nesein curamearum (episcoporum)ullo preatextuingerant. Suntenim nonnulli,

qui subesse hac in parte nolunt episcopis, ipsique pro libitu suo ecclesias

ʆɥ ɚɞ ɚɧɧ ɹɯɄɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɤɚɣ ȼɹɥɿ ɤɚɫɰɿ  ɫɟɧɚɬɚɪ ɚʆ ɤɚɪɚɥ ɟʆɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɲɥɹɯɬɵ

ɫɩɚɞɡɟɸɱɵɫɹɧɚɚɛɚɪɨɧɭʆɪɚɞɧɿɤɚʆɿɫɜɚɿɯɩɚɧɨʆɪɨɛɹɰɰɚɜɟɥɶɦɿɡɭɯɜɚɥɵɦɿ

ɪɚɡɜɨɞɡɹɰɶɧɟɪɨɛɹɱɵɪɨɡɧɿɰɵɲɥɸɛɵɿɱɚɫɚɦɩɚɧɵɫɬɚɪɚɫɬɵɞɵɿɯɧɿɹʆɪɚɞɧɿɤɿ

ɞɡɟɥɹɧɹɡɧɚɱ ɧɚɝɚɩɪɵɛɵɬɤɭɹɤɿɦɚɸɰ ɶɡɬɚɤɿɯɪɚɡɜɨɞɚʆɛɚɪɨɧɹɰɶɝɷɬɵɯ

ɫɜɹɬɚɪɨʆɿɧɟɞɚɡɜɚɥɹɸɰɶɜɵɤɥɿɤɚɰɶɿɯɞɚɿɯɧɿɯɛɿɫɤɭɩɚʆɰɿɫɿɧɨɞɚʆɧɚɯɚɛɧɚ

ɡɚɛɚɪɚɧɹɸɰɶɤɚɪɚɰɶɿɯɛɿɫɤɭɩɚɦɚɛɵɯɨɞɡɹɰɰɚɝɚɧɟɛɧɚɡɜɿɡɿɬɚɬɚɪɚɦɿɹɤɿɯɦɵ

ɩɚɫɵɥɚɟɦɿ ɡɛɿ ɜɚɸɰɶɿɯɩɪ ɨɫɿɦ ɤɚɛɧɚɦɛɵɥɚɞ ɚɞɡɟɧɚɹ ɦɚɝɱ ɵɦɚɫɰɶ

ɛɟɫɩɟɪɚɲɤɨɞɧɚɤɚɪɚɰɶɬɚɤɿɹɩɪɚɫɬɭɩɤɿɿɧɚɤɥɚɞɚɰɶɡɚɿɯɤɚɫɰɺɥɶɧɚɟɩɚɤɚ

ɪɚɧɧɟ«ɋɜɟɰɤɿɹɠɩɚɞɚɧɿɹɤɿɦɜɵɝɥɹɞɚɦɧɹɯɚɣɧɟʆɦɟɲɜɚɸɰɰɚʆɿɯɛɿɫɤɭɩɚʆ

ɤɚɦɩɟɬɷɧɰɵɸȻɨɺɫɰɶɧɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹɹɤɿɹʆɝɷɬɵɯɩɵɬɚɧɧɹɯɧɟɠɚɞɚɸɰɶɩɚɞɥɹɝɚɰɶ

ɛɿɫɤɭɩɚɦɿɫɚɦɿɧɚɫɜɨɣɨɞɭɦɤɿɪɭɸɰɶɤɚɫɰɺɥɚɦɿª @ɉɚɪɩɪɚɝɷɬɚɆȽɪɭ

ɲɟɜɫɶɤɢɣȱɫɬɨɪɿɹɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɬ9,ɫ

228

ɩɨɩ ɚɥɶɛɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɢɤɛɟɡ ɜɟɞ ɨɦ ɨɫɬ ɢɧɚ ɲɨɟ ɫɦ ɟɥ ɫɹ ɜɚɠɢ ɬɢɤɨɝɨ

ɪɨɡ ɩɭɫɬɢ ɬɢɬ ɚɤɨɜɵɣɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɥɹ ɬɜ ɟɰ ɟɪɤɨɜ ɧɨɣ ɚɥɟɢ ɡɜ ɟɪ ɠɟ

ɧɶɸɡ ɫɬɚɧɭɫɜ ɨɟɝɨɫɜɹ ɳɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɞɥɟɱɢɦ ɭɫɢɬ ɹɤɨɩɪɨɬ ɢɜɧɢɤ

ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɛɨɠɟɝɨɝɞɵɠɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨɟɫɬ ɶɲɬɨȻɨɝɡɥ ɭɱɢɥ ɱɨɥɨɜɟɤɞɚɧɟ

ɪɨɡ ɥɭɱɚɟɬª.

229

ȺɤɬɵɘɁ Ɋɨɫɬ9,ʋ   ɫ ɝɟɬɦɚɧȻɪɭɯɚɜɟɰɤɿɩ ɿɲɚ

ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨ ɠɢɬɶɩɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɢɪ ɚɫɩɭɫɤɚɬɫɹ ɩɨɩ ɭɫɤɚɸɬª.

230

ɂɫɬɘɪɢɞɆɚɬɬ9,,ɫ  ɝɬ9,,,ɫɝ

ɫ ɝ ɫ ɝ

231

Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɚ ɬ9,,ɫ ɝ

232

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɬ 9,,,ɫ ±  ɝ

233

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɫ ± 

234

Ɍɚɦɫɚɦɚɫɦɟɫɬɚɜɵɫɭɞɚɞɫɵɥɚɸɱɵɫɩɪɚɜɭʆɫɭɞɞɭɯɨʆɧɵ

ɫɟɧɚɞɜ ɨɥɸɡɚɤɨɧɭɛɨɠɟɝɨɧɢɱɨɝɨɧɟɞɟɹɥɨª.

235

3 'DXGHWɈS FLWɪ 

236

ɉ ɪɚɿ ɫɧ ɚɜɚɧ ɧɟ ɧ ɚ Ɂɚɞɧ ɹɩɪɨ ʆɿ ɹɤɪ ɚɡ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩ ɪɚɤɬɵɤɿ ɫɜɟɞ 

ɱɵɰɶɍɤɚɡ ɚɞ  ;,,  ɝɹɤɿ ɡ ɚɛ ɚɪɚɧɹʆ ɩɪ ɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɵɦ ɫɜɹɬɚɪ ɚɦ

ɱɵɬɚɟɦɭɿɦ²ɫɠɟɧɚɦ ɢ ɫɜ ɨɢɦ ɢɧɟɯɨɞɹ ɤɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɶɧɨɦ ɭɫɭɞɭɫɚɦ ɨ

ɜɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɟɠ ɫɨɛɨɸɪɨɡɜ ɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɛɭɞɭɬɬɨɨɬɧɵɧɟɨɬɰɚɦ ɢɯɞɭɯɨɜ

ɧɵɦ ɧɢɤɤɚɤɢɦ ɢɯɪɨɡɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɢɫɦ ɚɦ ɜɬɚɤɢɯɪɨɡɜɨɞɚɯɪɭɤɨɬɧɸɞɶ

ɧɟɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɬɹɠɤɢɦ ɲɬɪɚɮɟɦɢɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɥɢɲɟɧɢɟɦ

ɫɜɹɳɟɧɫɬɜ ɚªɉɨɥɧɨɟɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɁɚɤɨɧɨɜʋȺɥɟɩɚɤɨɥɶɤɿɬɚɤɚɹ

ɩɪɚɤɬɵɤɚɡɚɯɨʆɜɚɥɚɫɹɿɧɚɞɚɥɟɣɝɥɅɟɛɟɞɟɜɈSFLWɫɿɈɎɨɬɢɧɫɤɢɣɈS

FLWɫ±ɋɿɧɨɞɩɚʆɬɚɪɵʆɡɚɛɚɪɨɧɭʆɤɚɡɚɦɚɞ9,,ɝɉɨɥɧɨɟ

ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɁɚɤɨɧɨɜʋ

271

237

ɗɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɵɡɪɚɛɿɥɿɧɚɡɿɪɚɧɧɟɲɬɨɡɚɩɚɪɨɠɫɤɿɹɤɚɡɚɤɿɜɵɯɚɞɰɵɡ

ɋɟɱ ɵɹɤɿ ɹɚɫɹɥɿɥɿɫɹʆȾɨ ɛɪɭɞɠɵɧɚɩɪ ɵɤɚɧɰɵ;9,,ɫɬ ɹɲɱɷ ʆ;,; ɫɬ

ɩɪɚɤɬɵɤɚɜɚɥɿɲɥɸ ɛɵɛɟɡ ɭɞɡɟɥɭ ɫɜɹɬɚɪɚɉɚɫɥɹɡɚɤɥɸɱɷɧɧɹɞɚɦɨ ɜɵʆ

ɩɪɵɦɚɪɵɿɝɦɿɧɧɵɦɭɪɚɞɡɟɚɞɛɵɜɚɥɚɫɹɚɛɪɚɞɚɜɚɟɜɹɫɟɥɥɟɧɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵɧɚ

ɬɨɟɲɬɨɰɚɪɤɨʆɧɵɹɲɥɸɛɵɛɵɥɿʆɬɨɣɱɚɫɚɛɚɜɹɡɤɨɜɵɦɿɉɅɭɩɭɥɟɫɤɭɊɭɫɫɤɢɟ

ɤɨɥɨɧɢɢɜȾɨɛɪɭɞɠɟɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɱɟɪɤɄɢɟɜɫɤɚɹɋɬɚɪɢɧɚ

ʋɎɅɟɨɧɬɨɜɢɱɄɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɫɟɦɶɢɡɜɹɪɬɚʆɭɜɚɝɭ

ɲɬɨɫɚɩɪɚʆɞɧɚɫɰɶɲɥɸɛ ɭɧɚʆɫɤɪ ɚɿɧɚɯɊɚɫɿɿɹɤɩɚʆɞɧɺɜɵɯȾɨɧ ɬɚɤɿ

ɩɚʆɧɨɱɧɵɯɉɟɪɦɭɡɛɹɪɷɠɠɚȻɟɥɚɝɚɦɨɪɚɹɲɱɷʆ;,;ɫɬɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɜɟɰɤɚɟ

ɜɹɫɟɥɥɟɚɧɟɰɚɪɤɨʆɧɵɲɥɸɛɫ

238

ɧɟɫɩɪɚ ɜ ɟ ɤɚɬ ɨɪɚɹ ɫɹ ɞɟɟɬɦɟɠɢɞ ɭɯɨɜ ɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɚɲɨ ɝɨ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨ ɝɨ

ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɬɚɤɨɠɤɧɹɡɟɣɢɩ ɚɧɨɜ ɢɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ«ɢɠɧɟɩɨ ɞɥɟɩɪɚ

ɜɢɥ ɫɜɹ ɬɵɯ ɨɬɟɰɧɟ ɩɨɞɥ ɟɩɪ ɚɜɚɛ ɥɭɞɵɢɪ ɨɡɩɭɳ ɟɧɫɬ ɜɚɫɹɜ ɟɥɢ

ɤɢɢɞɟɸɬɚɬɜɨɹɦ ɢɥɨɫɬɶɹɤɨɫɬɚɪɲɵɣɢɯɩɚɫɬɵɪɶɬɨɝɨɜɟɞɚɬɢɚɧɢ

ɜɫɬɟɝɚ ɬɢ ɧɟɯɨ ɱɟɲª ɉ ɚɪ  ɆȽɪ ɭɲɟɜɫɶɤɢɣ ȱɫɬɨɪ ɿɹɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬ9,

ɫ 

239

ɛɥ ɭɞɵ ɢɧ ɟɫɬ ɪɨɟɧ ɢɹ«ɱɵɧɢɥɢ ɬ ɵɯ ɛɵɜ ɫɢɯɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɜ ɨ ɸɦ ɢɥɨɫɬɶ

ɩɪɢɩ ɨɡɜ ɚɥɢ ɢɩɨɫɬɚ ɧɨɜ ɟɧɟɫɥɭɲɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜ ɭɜɱɢɧɢ ɥɢª.

240

ɜɨ ɜ ɫɢɯɬɵɯ ɪɟɱɟɯɬɜɨ ɟɣɦ ɢɥɨɫɬ ɢɞɨɩ ɨɦ ɨɝ ɚɬɢ ɚɛɵ«ɛɥ ɭɞ ɭɢ ɧɟ

ɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɢɹɦ ɟɠɢɯɪ ɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɚɲɨɦɩ ɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɟ ɛɵɥɨª.

241

P. 'ąENRZVNL6WRVXQNLNRĞFLHOQH]LHPLVDQRFNLHMZ;9VWXOHFLX

 5R F]QL N3 71 Z3 U]HP\ĞO X ,,,  V   ɡɜɹɪɬɚʆɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚɬɨ ɟ

ɜɚɬɧɚɣɭɥ ɚɫɧ ɚɫɰ ɸɧɚɣɱ ɚɫɰ ɟɣɭ ɥɚɞ ɚɥɶɧɿɤɚɜɺɫɤɿ ɉɚɩɵ ɩɥɚɰɿɥɿ ɩɚɧɭ

ɱɵɧɲɵɿ ɦɭɫɿɥɿ ɹɦɭ ɩɚɞɩ ɚɪɚɞ ɤɨʆɜɚɰɰɚª 

242

ɆȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɫɤɢɣȻɭɞɚɧɨɜɐɟɪɤɨɜɧɵɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɘɝɨɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ

Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ;9,ɜɟɤɚɍɫɬɭɩɞɚȺɪɯɘɁɊɨɫɬ9,,,ɱɞɚʆɝɪɭɧɬɨʆɧɵ

ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɫɰɿɺɧ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɵʆɲɬɨɩɚɫɥɹɩɟɪ ɚɞɚɱɵ ʆɥɚɞɚɪ ɨɦɝɷɬ ɚɝɚɩɪ ɚɜɚ

ɞɚɦɿɧɿɹɥɶɧɵɦɩɚɧɚɦɬɵɹɩɚɱɚɥɿɪɚɡɭɦɟɰɶɩɪɚɜɵɧɚɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɭɸɰɚɪɤɜɭʆ

ɫɜɚɿɯɦɚɺɧɬɤɚɯɩɚɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɿɡɩɪɚɜɚɦɿɦɚɧɚɪɯɚɜɚʆɫɺɣɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɟȺɞɛɵɥɨɫɹɫɮɚɪ

ɩɪɨɞ ɚɠɭɚɛɦ ɟɧɭɡɚɤɥ ɚɞɭɿɞɚ ɬɩɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚɰɿɪɚɡɚɦɡɦɚɺɧɬ ɤɚɦɿ

ɩɪɵɧɚɥ ɟɠɧɚɫɰɶɹɤɿɯɹɧɨɫɤɥɚɞɚɥ ɚɉɪɚɝɷɬɚɩɿɫɚʆɿɅɹɜɿɰɤɿɈɅɟɜɢɰɤɢɣ

ȺɤɬɵɨɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯɜɘɝɨɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɊɭɫɢ±ɝɝ

ɍɫɬɭɩɞɚȺɪɯɘɁɊɨɫɬ,ɱ ɫɿɆɚɤɚɪɵɣRSFLWɫ ɫ

ɿSDVVLP:=DLN\Q=DU\VG]LHMyZNRĞFLRáDZVFKRGQLRVáRZLDĔVNLHJR,

ɤɪɵɧɿɰɚɣɞɚɯɨɞɚʆɞɥɹɩɚɧɨʆɛɨɩɪɵɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɟɚɛɚɬɚʆɿɩɪɨɛɚɲɱɚʆɚɞɛɵɜɚɥɚɫɹ

ɠɡɚɩɥɚɬɭȼɹɞɨɦ ɵɹɛɵɥɿɬɚɤɿɹɜɵɩɚɞɤɿ ɿɩɪɵɡɚɧɹɰɰɿɛɿɫɤɭɩɫɤɿɯɩɚɫɚɞɚʆ

Ɂɜɵɱɚɺɜɚ ɟɲɥɸɛɧɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɪɭɫɿ ɧɚʆ