Arora R. (ed.) Medicinal Plant Biotechnology

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host plant 157, 199, 201–202, 277–278, 280, 292, 330

HPLC 48, 146, 150, 187, 201–202, 217, 324

HPTLC 324

human

alpha-interferon 6, 12

hybrid 2, 233, 269, 282

hybridization

colony

75–76, 81, 86

hydroponics 101, 103

Hyoscyamus muticus

24, 163

Hyoscyamus niger

23, 164

hyper-expressed gene 5

hyperexpression 4

hypericin 2

Hypericum cumulicola

Hypericum perforatum

hyperoside 2

hyper-productive cell lines 123

hypocotyl 55, 57–60, 62, 64–66, 330

immobilization

of cells

20, 22

immune 277, 280–283, 297, 310, 314, 316, 334, 339, 344

in planta

5, 115, 128, 277, 280, 341

in silico

8, 237, 239, 245–247, 277, 312

in situ

2–3, 39, 68, 127, 274, 327

in vacuo

in vitro

conservation

propagation

2–5, 37, 39, 42–43, 66, 68, 95, 103, 105–110, 115–128,

138, 141 –147, 151–152, 159, 161, 183, 187, 200, 213–

215, 217, 244–245, 263, 279, 289, 305–306, 310, 312–

314, 316, 327, 337 339–340

2, 39, 41, 93–95, 103, 105, 108

inbreeding 44, 73, 74

Indian Podophyllum 36, 48–68, 139, 144, 321, 324 see also Himalayan

Mayapple

industrial 4, 28, 115, 118, 128, 213

influenza 283, 324, 335, 338–339, 342 see also novel H1N1flu

insulin 14, 17, 28, 287, 295

interferon 6, 17 see also human alpha–interferon

interleukin- 12 165, 167, 169

isozyme 39

ISSR 72, 81, 85, 108, 268–269, 271–272, 274

justicidin B 143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 175

Kazusa plant pathway viewer 234, 236

kinetin 61, 124, 147–149

knock out 201

labelling 72, 181, 282

large scale production 7, 99, 128, 354, 151, 160, 218, 287, 294, 339, 347

LC-MS 165, 202, 231, 233, 236

lectin 334–344

library 73–78, 81, 227, 232–233, 245–248, 251–253, 255, 262,

265, 314

ligand 245–248, 250–251, 264–265, 281, 335–336

lignans 37, 48, 138–152, 197, 200, 321–324, 327–329, 331

Lilium nepalense

linkage

glycosidic

disulphide

118

289, 295, 304

Linum

9, 140, 143–152, 159, 196–197, 200, 203, 322, 329

Linum album

9, 143, 147, 149, 150, 155, 159, 204, 322

Lithospermum erythrorhizon

4, 164

localization database 227

Lycopersicon esculantum

Madagascar periwinkle 74, 90, 171, 176, 178 see also Catharanthus roseus

malignant gliomas 311

malt 201–202

maltose 147, 149, 336–337

map

data

orthologue

231, 235–236

228

229

MAP kinase 254

MapMan 234–236, 242

marijuana 88, 89, 101, 111, 113

marker assisted breeding 9, 39

mass

multiplication 105, 218

matairesinol 143, 147, 150, 154, 206, 328, 329, 332

matrix 236, 251, 297

MDH 39

Medicago sativa

163

medicinal and aromatic plants 1–3, 93

medicinal plant biotechnology

emerging trends

1, 7, 8

1–11

medicinal plants

analysis of genetic diversity in

application of microsatellite

markers in

drug discovery from

exploitation and conservation

isolation of microsatellites in

ISSR markers in

micropropagation of

molecular markers in

Selective Amplification of

Microsatellite Polymorphic

Loci (SAMPL)

3, 8, 13, 23, 85, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 85, 86, 87

3, 8

Mentha spp

259

metabolic

engineering 4–6, 20, 22–23, 126, 128, 156, 162, 165–166, 170, 183,

316

metabolomics 4, 7–8, 23, 165, 222–223, 230–233, 236–237

metastasis 254

microarray 8–9, 223–224

microbial host 15, 27

microbicide 11, 300, 335, 338–340, 342–345

micropropagation 3, 45, 94, 99, 103, 105, 107–108, 110, 214, 218

microsatellite

markers 71–87, 271

microtubule 303, 323, 327–328

mining 73–74, 86

mitosis 303, 305–306, 308–309, 314, 327

model organism 84, 224

modules 224

molecular

characterization 62, 186, 267–274

molecular farming 6, 10, 29, 130, 298, 301

monoclonal antibody 6, 29, 282

morphine 2, 13, 16, 23, 304, 311, 316

mRNA 70, 127, 227, 236, 241

MS medium 42–43, 59, 105, 107, 149, 190, 214–216

multiple shoot culture 105, 124, 213, 215

mutagenesis 249

mutation 72, 108–109, 157, 280, 306, 309–310, 340, 342

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

211

mycorrhiza 197

myeloma 17, 180, 292, 315

nano molar 339

nano-bioreactors 9

nanocells 9

nano-fabricated gel-free systems 9

nanoparticle 8–9, 343

nanoparticle 8, 12, 343

nanoreactor 8

nanotechnology 8, 9, 12

natural plant products 2

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

283

neoplasm 179–180

Nerium indicum

new chemical entities 2, 13, 17

Nicotiana benthamiana

284, 340

Nicotiana tabacum

6, 19, 24, 43, 161, 165, 169, 340

NMR 232–233, 236

noscapine 304–317

noscapinoids 303–317

Nostoc

338

Nothapodytes foetida

353–354

novel H1N1flu 2

nuclear 2, 7, 79, 232, 259, 293, 294–295, 308–309, 339

nuclear transformation 293–294

nutraceutical 2

nutrient medium 19, 316

oligonucleotide 74–76, 224

Ophiorrhiza pumila

353–354

opines 183,190

organ culture 118–119, 124–125, 142, 152, 198

organogenesis

direct

indirect

103, 106–107, 159

103

103, 107

Pacific yew 159, 205

paclitaxel 4, 14, 20–21, 26–27, 141, 159, 303, 310–312, 314

Panax ginseng

9, 43, 75, 80, 120, 124, 127, 161, 168–170

Panax quinquefolium

121, 123

Panax sikkimensis

121, 123

Papaver somniferum

2, 9, 304–305, 316

papaverine 2, 13, 304, 316

papillomavirus capsid protein 290

parasympatholytic 2

particle farming 9

patent 81, 123, 213, 315

pathway engineering 71

PCR 73–77, 81–82, 85, 149, 186, 269, 271–272

Peganum harmala

164, 167

periwinkle 74, 176–178, 208–209

permeabilization 20, 22, 125

Petunia hybrida

163

pharmacokinetic 244, 251, 311, 314, 326, 347, 354

phenolics 27

photoautotrophic 3

photoautotrophy 217

phyto

estrogen 258, 260, 262

hormone 19, 124, 141, 147–149, 224

Pichia

17, 25, 31, 34, 298

plant

cell factories 13

plantlets 3, 46, 47, 57, 59, 60, 94, 97, 103, 105, 107, 108, 111, 112,

119, 121, 126, 129, 194, 316

plant-made pharmaceuticals 27–28, 142

plasmid

bacterial

pBI

76, 192, 294, 348, 351

186

165

124, 156–157, 165, 190

293

Plasmodium

160, 291

Podophyllaceae 36, 138, 140, 199, 321–322

podophyllic acid 36–37, 48, 138–139, 143, 259

podophyllin 36, 323–324, 327

podophyllotoxin 1, 9, 13, 21–22, 26, 36–37, 41–42, 44, 48–49, 63–64, 138–

146, 148, 150–152, 159, 197–203, 259, 262, 267–268,

304–305, 321–331

Podophyllum hexandrum

1, 3, 9, 22, 36–46, 48, 57, 68, 138–141, 144, 145, 150,

197, 267–274, 319, 322 see also Himalayan Mayapple and

Indian Podophyllum

Podophyllum peltatum

138–141, 144, 149, 267, 305, 319, 322

pollutant 6, 161–162

polyembryony 56, 65

polymorphism 48, 63

polymorphism 38–39, 43, 48, 62–63, 72–74, 77, 80–83, 85, 165, 225,

269, 272–273

polypeptide patterns 39

population diversity 37–38, 62

population structure 51, 86, 267–268

position effect 294

post-translational 6, 17, 26–27, 163, 288–289, 292

precursor feeding 5, 19, 22, 115, 123, 125

probe 73–74, 76–82, 224

production system 6, 13–14, 16–17, 25, 27–28, 115, 117, 123, 142, 152, 277,

287–288, 292–293, 296, 297

promoter 26, 163, 164, 195, 225, 242, 293, 295, 296, 298, 300

propagation 45, 57, 64–67, 101, 107–110

protein 6–9, 14–15, 17–22, 24–27, 125, 142, 149, 163, 166–167,

170, 202, 223, 227–229, 234, 245, 246–252, 253–254,

260, 277–278, 281–283, 284, 287–298, 307–312, 326,

328–329, 334–345, 347, 354

protein kinase C 254, 266

proteins 6, 14, 17, 19, 22, 170, 289, 292–296, 354

proteomic 7–8, 165, 222, 223, 227–228, 230, 237, 244

Pseudomonas

291

pyrosequencing 23, 227

QSAR 247–249, 252, 257, 263–264, 346, 347–355

QSPR 245, 247–252, 255, 257, 259

QSTR 247–248

quality

assurance 3, 93–95

quantum dots 8, 11

quercetin 36, 183, 210, 324

quinine 2, 164, 167, 263

radioactive 72–73, 76, 80

radiological 2

radionuclide 6

random genomic libraries 73

RAPD 11, 48, 51, 62–63, 72, 85–86, 268–272, 274

Rauvolfia serpentina

1, 207

rDNA 8, 200

recalcitrant 42, 65, 70, 183

recombinant 6, 14–15, 17–19, 21–22, 25–28, 73, 146, 151–152, 170,

277, 279, 281, 283, 287–289, 296, 335–336, 340, 343, 354

regeneration 5, 38, 42, 48, 66, 68, 103, 105, 107, 158, 258, 292, 294,

331, 353

remediation 5–6, 9, 158, 161–162, 170

repeats 72, 74–76, 85, 89, 90, 271, 336

replicon 279, 294

resin 36, 39, 41, 42, 48, 49, 139, 143, 144, 147, 150, 153, 268,

275, 321–324, 328, 329

RFLP 72, 269, 272

rhizome 36, 39, 42, 48–49, 59–62, 64, 67, 138, 141, 200, 268, 321–

322, 330

ribosome-inactivating protein 167, 174

Ri-plasmid 124, 156, 190 see also plasmid

RNA 128, 225–227, 280, 328

robotics 3, 8

rosmarinic acid 4, 9, 20–21, 119

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

17, 228, 289

Salmonella

211, 283

SAMPL 23, 41, 85–86

sanguinarine 9, 304, 316

saponin 115, 116–128

SAR 346–354

SARS 335, 339, 342, 343

scale-up 27, 124, 151, 169, 288

screening 7, 244–265

SDS PAGE 39, 335 see also electrophoresis

secoisolariciresinol 143, 202, 206, 329, 333

secologanin 182

secondary metabolism 4, 5, 12, 18, 20, 33, 34, 117, 132, 171, 172, 174, 193, 195,

196, 204

seed dormancy 53–54, 62, 64–65, 117, 199–200

selection of

high producing strains 149

serum 6, 14, 282–284, 288, 297, 343, 346, 350

shikonin 4, 14, 20–21, 164, 167

shoot tip 107

signal peptide 25, 289

signal transduction 4, 126, 306

silencing 7, 130, 226, 240, 279, 285–286

silybin 2

Silybum marianum

single cell culture 293

smRNA 227

solanaceae 23–24, 71, 74–75

Solanum aculeatissimum

119

Solanum aviculare

162

Solanum khasianum

123

Solanum lyratum

125

Solanum melongena

Solanum nigrum

162

Somatic

embryo 43, 59, 66, 107, 121, 316

stability 2, 19, 105, 108, 110

steroids 118

STMS 72

Streptococcus mutans

282

Streptococcus pneumonia

283

stress factors 150, 151–152

strictosidine 163–164, 167, 209, 213, 354

strychnine 2

Strychnos nux vomica

subcellular localization 228, 295

subunit vaccine 283, 289, 292, 297

surface antigen 279, 282, 290, 297

surface sterilization 41

synthase 163–164, 167, 354

synthetic seed technology 105, 107

systems biology 23, 228

taxol 2, 9, 26–27, 141, 159, 198, 200

Taxus baccata

2, 9, 40

Taxus brevifolia

2, 27, 159

T-DNA 156, 163, 183, 186, 190

teniposide 37, 48, 139–141, 146, 152, 159, 196, 198, 203, 268, 313–

314, 323–325, 327, 330

terpene 5

terpenoid indole alkaloid 18, 22, 157, 163–165, 177, 179–183

TEV 279

Thevetia peruviana

thidiazuron 42, 59

TMV 279, 282–283, 294, 341

topoisomerase 37, 64, 254, 259–260, 324, 326–328, 347

Trametes hirsuta

200, 330

transcription factor 4, 23, 126, 163, 166–167, 307, 312

transcriptome 7, 34, 222–224, 236, 239–242

transcriptomics 8, 165, 222–223, 230, 236

transformants 294–295

transformation 4, 6, 9, 71, 123, 133, 149, 158, 172, 174, 176–196, 293,

294, 301

transformation 3–4, 6, 9, 22, 71, 123, 149, 156–158, 162, 176–192, 215–

216, 293–294

transformed

cultures 149, 316

transgenic 6–7, 9, 25, 124, 156–157, 161, 164–165, 169, 183, 280,

282–283, 288, 294, 296–297, 340

transient protein expression 294

Trichoderma exudates

124

tropane alkaloids 24, 165

trypsin 14

tryptamine 163–164, 167, 211

tryptophan 157, 163–164, 167, 181, 354

tubulin 303, 305, 307, 310–312, 323, 326–328

upregulation 5, 130, 132

upscaling 4, 6, 124, 127

V. minor

207–208, 211, 213, 217–218

vaccine 7, 14, 17, 277–278, 280–284, 287–298, 342

variability

genetic

intra-population

ontogenic

phenotypic

1, 51, 63, 64, 274

vector 17, 156, 164, 229, 233, 246, 277–284, 294, 330

vector systems 277, 281–282

vinblastine 1, 18, 26, 141, 164, 177, 179–181, 259, 262, 303, 312–314

Vinca major

207–211, 213–218

Vinca minor

207, 209–211, 213

vincamine 209–213, 217

vincristine 18, 23, 141, 164, 177, 179–181, 259, 262, 303

vinpocetine 212–213

virtual

compound 245–246

virus

coat protein

281

viruses 94, 277–279, 281–283, 294

VNTR 72

Western blotting 25

World Health Organization 1, 13, 93

xenobiotic metabolism 9