Андерсон Б. Солнечная энергия: Основы строительного проектирования
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
B
TenJIHUY
B
COJIHeqHYIO,
HO XOJIO,LI.HYIO
3HMHIOIO
nOrO,LI.Y
II
IlOqTH
nOJIHOe
OTCYTCTBHe
nocTynJIeHH5I
COJIHeqHOrO
TenJIa
B
CHJIbHYIO
JIeT-
HIOIO
2Kapy
('uJ151
Bblpar.uHBaHH5I
pacTeHHH
,UOCTaTOqHO
npOIHIKaIO-
r.ueil:
pa,UHaUHH).
I1Me5I
p5I,LI.
,LI.onOJIHHTeJIbHbIX CJIOeB
pp03paqHOH
MeM6paHbI,
paCnOJI02KeHHbIX
C
npOMe2KYTKOM
npHMepHo
25
MM,
Ta-
Ka5I
«CTeHa»
5IBJI5IeTC5I
TaK2Ke
XOpOlllHM
H30JI5ITOpOM.
no
CHX JIOp
He
y,UaBaJIOCb
,LI.06HTbC5I
COqeTaHH5I
60JIblllOrO
nocTynJIeHH5I
COJIHeq-
HOro
TenJIa
H
xopOllleH
H30JI5IUHH,
KaK
H
He
Y,LI.aBaJIOCb,
eCTCCTBeH-
HO,
nOJIyqHTb
COqeTaHHe
np03paqHOCTH
H
Henp03paqIIOCTH
6e3
npH-
MeHeHH5I
MeXalmqeCKHX
opraHOB
ynpaBJIeHH5I
HJIH ,LI.BH2Kyr.uHXC5I
-qaCTeH.
<PHpMa
«30YMYOPKC
KopnopeHlllH»
TaK2Ke
yBCJII1'IHJIa
npOMe2KY-
TOK
Me2K,LI.Y
np03paqHbIMH
nOKpblTH5IMH
H
armyMyJI5ITOpOM
TenJIa
,LI.JI5I
pa3Mer.ueHH5I
TaM
TenJIHUbI.
TIpoToTlm,
JIOKa3aHHbI}I
na
pllC.
C 3.53
JIO
3.56, HaXO,LI.HTC5I B
MOHTa-BIlCTa,
lllT.
Ap1l30Ha.
TIJIor.ua,LI.h
OCHOBaHH5I
TeJIJIHUbI
22
M2,
a JIJIor.ua,LI.b
3aCTeKJIeHHOH
II
o6par.ueH-
HOH
Ha
IOr
KpbIlllll
25
M2.
TOpuoBble
CTeHbI
,LI.OMa
CJIJIOlllIIble
II
rro-
KpblTbI
BHelllHeH
H30JI5IUHeH,
a
ceBepHa5I
CTeHa
3aKpblTa
UHJIHH,LI.PH-
qeCKHMH
eMKOCT5IMH
C
BO,LI.OH
BMeCTHMOCTblO
200
JI
Ka2K,LI.a5I,
aHaJIO-
rllqHbIMH
6aKaM
C BO,UOil: B
CTeHe
,UOMa
CTHBa
Ea3pa,
CJIY2Kar.uHMH
,LI.JI5I
aKKYMYJIHpOBaHH5I
TeJIJIa.
JIyqH
COJIHua
rrpoHHKaIOT
qepe3
CTeK-
JIO H
HarpeBaIOT
BepTHKaJIbHO
YCTaHOBJIeHHble
UHJIHH,LI.PbI.
I136bI-
TOqHOe
TerrJIO
BbIJIycKaeTc5I
qepe3
CTBODqaTble
BeHTHJI5IUHOHHble
OT-
PHC.
3.51. nOM C
nepeMeHHbIM
nocTyrr
~eHHeM
CO~HeqHOrO Ten~a
I -
BblCOKoe
JleTHee
COJlH"e;
2 -
Hll3Koe
3R1 ..
Hee
COJlH"e,
3 -
CTeKJlO;
4 -
6eToHHoe
llJlll
3eMJllIHOe
nepeKpblTlle;
5 -
TenJloo6MeH
ll3
JlyqeHlleM
fOe.
----
2
\-
~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"
~
~
PHC.
352
,,5Hoc¢epa"
n35!
illaxpy,nH
1-
TenJlOaKKYMYJlllpYIOw;all
cTeHa,
2 -
rjJH6pO"eMeHTHali
OOOJlOqKa;
3 -
ll30Jl5I1l1l5I,
4 -
Olmo,
fj - CJlOH
Ha
OCHOBe
pe3llHbl;
6 -
cal',
7 -
B01\OC!50PHbIH
lK~Jlo!5:
8 -
COJlHeqIIbllI
hOJlJleKTOP
BepCTfi5I,
pa3MemeHHble
B,lI.OJIl:>
ceBepHon
CTOPOHbI
KOHbKOBoro
6pyca.
amI
aBTOMaTWleCKH
OTI{pblBalOTCfl
H
3aKpblBafOTCH
npH
no-
MOIIl,H
eMKOCTeif
C
¢peOHOM,
npHBO,lI.HMbIX B
,lI.eikTBHe
COJIHueM.
3TlI
3BTOMaTH'-leCI01e
CTaBHH
BDepBble
6blJIH
pa3pa6oTaJ-Ibl
KaK
H3,lI.eJIHe
no,lI.
Ha3B3f-HleM
«CK<1HJIJ1,lI.»
,lI.JI5I
3aTCHeHH5I OKOH OT
COJIHua
(CM.
tJaCTb II).
OC06eHl-IOCTbIO
THlJIllUbl
llBJI5IeTOI
ee
Kpblwa
C ,lI.BOHHbIM OCTCK-
JIeHHeM
H
CHcTeMOH
«OH,lI.YOJfJf».
nsa
CJf05I
OCTeKJfCHH5I pa3,lI.eJfeHbI
75-MM
npOMe)1(YTIWM,
KOTOPbIH
3anOJIHfleTCfl
MaJfeI-IbKHMH
wapn-
KaMH
H3
nOJIJ-ICTHpOJfa
11a
ncpHO,lI. OTCYTCTBHH COJflII1.3,
3H3
L
lllTeJIbIIO
YMeHbIll8H
reM
caMbIM
nOTep11
TeDJIa
113
renJII1l1.bI (CM. pHC. 3.54).
B
nepHO,lI. COJIHeqI-IQH
IIorOAbT
mapHKH
xpaHflTC51
B
6YHlzepax
B
3aA-
PIle.
3.53.
BHYTpeIlHilM
BH,U
TeflJlilll,bl,
coa,UaHHoll
q,npMoH
«30YMYOPKC
ROp-
nopeHlllH»,
fll,e
CTeHa
ll3
1l.11JJHHAPOB
co'!eTaeTCH C cHcTeMoH «OH'uYOJIJI»
PIle.
3.54.
BllA
IO.lKHOrO
q,aca.l(tI.
IllapH-
RH, 3anOJlHI1I01I1He rrpoMelKYT'OK B
CM-
CTeMe
«OHJ(YOJlJI»
PHC.
3.55.
illapHKH
ynaJl5!IOTC5! H3
rrpOMelKYTK8
B OCTeKJleHHH
PHC.
3.56.
CeBepHalI
CTeHa TeIIJJHUbI C
KOHTeHHepaMH
am!
mapIiKOB
Hea
qaCTH
3,n:aHHH
(eM.
pRC.
3.56)
R
HarHeTaIOTCH
B
3a30p
Mell{,ll,Y
CTeKJIaMR
npH
CHHllWHIH:! Hl-J:TeH-
CHBHOCTH COJIHeqHOH pa,ll,Hau.HH
(HarrpllMep,
HOtIbIO
llJIH
B
xo-
JIO,ll,Hble,
06JIaLJHbIe
IIepHO,ll,bI).
TIepeMemeHrle
wapHKoB
MelK,n:y
6YHKepaMH
H
3a30poM
B ,ll,BOH-
HOM
OCTeKJIeHHH
ocymeCTBJIHeT-
CH
aBTOMaTHLJeCKH B TeLJeHHe
I
MHH
rrpn
nOMOmH
ynpaBJI5Ie-
MbIX
TepMOCTaTOM
B03,ll,YXO,ll,YBOK
THIIa
nbIJIeCOCOB.
TIoTepH
TeI1Jla
qepe3
TaKoe
,n:BothlOe
OCTeKJIe-
HHe,
3aIIOJIHeIIHOe
rnapHI<aMH,
rrpH6JIH3HTeJIbHO
paBHbI
TeIIJIO-
BbIM
IIoTepHM
LJepe3 CTeHY
C
3KBHBaJIeHTHblM
KOJIHLJeCTBOM
CTeKJIOBOJIOKHHCTOH
H30JIHUHH.
OIIblT
3KCIIJIyaTarUIH
IIOKa3bIBa-
eT,
qTO
IIOCJIe
HeCKOJIbKHX
,ll,HeH C
TeMIIepaTypoH,
6JI113KOM K
HyJIe-
BOH.
TeMIIepaTypa
B
IIOMemeHHH
OCTaBaJIaCb
Bblure
10° C.
123
nl:PE060PYAOBAHVlE
~,lJ,AHVlVI
I1cnOJIb30BaHHe
CHCTeM
COJIHeliHOrO
OTOnJIeHHH
H
oXJta2K,UeHHH
B
CymeCTBYlOmHX
3,UaHHHX
,UOJI2KHO
CTaTb
O,UHOH:
H3
nepBOOllepe,U-
HbIX
3a,Uali
B
ClllA.
3TOT
nyTb
06ecnellHBaeT
peaJIbHOe
COKpamemIe
nOTpe6HOCTCH:
B
HCKonaeMOM
TOnJIHBe.
I<aK
H ,UJIR
HOBbIX
3,Uam!H:,
nepe06opy,UoBaI-me
CTapbIX
MOLKeT
ocymeCTBJIHTbCH
Ha
pa3JIHlIHbIX
ypOBHHX
TeXHoJtOfHlIeCKOH:
CJIOLK-
HOCTH, ,UCHeLKIIbIX H
3HepreTHliecKHx
pacxo,UoB
H
npaKTHlieCKoro
no,U-
xo,Ua.
!-fa
O,UHOM
KOHlle
llIKaJIbI
CJIQ)KHOCTH H
3aTpaT
HaXO,UHTCH
nHTb
lIlKOJIhIIbIX
3,UaJUlH:, B
IWTOPbIX
COJIHeliHaH
3lleprHH
CTaJIa
HCnOJIb30-
BaTbC5I
no
HIIHllIIaTHBe
!-fallHOHaJIbHOrO
HaYliHoro
cpoII,Ua.
noccpc-
,UHllC
lIlKaJIbI
IIaXO,UHTCH
O,UHH
H3
nepBbIX
,UOMOB C
COJIHellHbIM
OTOll-
JIeIUleM,
paCnOJIOLKCHHbIH: B
J3oyJI,Uepe,
lilT.
I\OJIopa,Uo,
H
cnpoehTH-
pOBaHHbIH:
'u-POM
,U}!{Op,ULKeM
JIecpOM
B
1950
r.
!-fa
,UpyroM
KOHlle
lIlKaJIbI
co6paHo
B
HaCTOHmee
BpeMH
60JIb-
lIlHHCTBO
nepe060py,UoBaHHblx
,UOMOB,
r,Ue
npHMeHHlOTC5I
60JIee
npo-
CTbIe
H
lIaCTO
60JIee
3cpcpeKTHBHbIe
MeTO,UbI.
CymeCTBYlOT
TpH
OCHOB-
HbfX
crroc06a
rrepe060py,UoBaHHH
3,1J,aHHH
(pHC.
3.57).
nepBbIH
cno-
c06
3aKJIlOliaeTCH
B
KpenJIeHHH
KOJIJIeKTOpOB
K
cymecTBYlOmHM
HJIH
HeCKOJIbKO
BH,UOH3MeHeHHbIM
HapY2KHbIM
orpa2K,UalOmHM
KOHCTPYK-
llH5IM
3,1J,aHI15I,
T.
e.
K
CTeHaM
HJIH
KpbIlilaM.
,UpyroH
cnoc06
COCTOHT
B
YCTaHoBKe
KOJIJIeKTOpOB
Ha
npHCTp0H:KY
K 3,Ua
IU'llO,
HanpHMep,
KPbIJIbllO,
rapa2K
HJIH
HOBoe
KPbIJIO.
11
TpeTHH
cnoc06
-
3TO
CTPOH-
TeJIbCTBO
coopYLKeHHH
,lJ,JIH
pa3MemeHHH
KOJIJIeKTOpOB
OT,IJ,eJIbHO OT
3,UaHH5I.
3TO
MOLKeT
6blTb
BcrrOMOraTeJIbHaH
Ha,UBopHa5I
rroCTpoHKa,
KaK,
HanpHMep,
OT,UeJIbHO
CT05ImHH
capaH,
rapa2K,
aM6ap
HJIH
coo-
pyLKelIHe,
nOCTpoeHHoe
HCKJIlOlIHTeJIbHO
,lJ,JIH
pa3MemeHHH
KOJIJIeK-
Topa.
31'01'
BaplIaHT
6y,UeT
o6cY2K,UeH
HH2Ke.
I13-3a
caMblX
He02KH,UaHHbIX
orpaHHlIeHHH:,
CB5I3aHHblX
C
HCnOJIb-
30BaJ-IHCM
cymcCTBYlOmHX
3,UaHHH:,
opHeHTallHH
H
yrOJI
HaKJIOHJ
KOJIJIeKTOpOB
MoryT
6bITb
HeOnTHMaJIbHbIMH.
4acTO
3KOHOMHlIeCKHe
Co06p3LKeHHH
orpaImllHBalOT
B03MO)!{HOCTb
H3MeHHTb
HMelOmHeC5:!
YCJIOBHH
npHMcneHHH
KOJIJIeKTOpOB
H
TeM
caMbIM
cYLKHBalOT
B03-
MOLKHOCTll
onTHMH3allI1H
npOeI<T3.
I\OHCTPYKllHH
KOJIJIeKTOpOB,
HC-
nOJIb3yeMblx
,UJI5:!
HarpeBa
BO,UbI,
06JIa,UaeT
HeCKOJIbKO
60JIbllICH:
rH6-
hOCTbIO
6JIaro,Uap5:!
MeHblileMY
pa3Mcpy
KOJIJIeKTopoB.
3TOMY
cno-
C06CTBYCT
H PCLKHM
Kpyr
JIOrO,UHlIHoro
HX
HCnOJIb30BaHHH,
nOCKOJIb-
Ky
nOJIO)!{eHIIe
COJIHCLJHOro ,UHCKa
IIa
IIe60cBo,lJ,C
MeI-IHeTC5I B
TeliCI-IHe
12
Mec
ropa3,U0
60JIblIle,
lIeM
BO
BpeM5I
60JIee
KopoTKoro
OTOnHTeJIb-
HorO
CC30Ha.
I\OJIJIeKTOpbI
,UJI5I
CHCTeMbI
COJIHeLJHoro
OXJIaLK,UeHH5:!
C TPY,lJ,OM ,lJ,OCTHraIOT
Tpe6yeMoH
3cpcpeKTHBHoCTH
,UaLKe B
HaHJIYll-
llIHX
YCJIOBHHX
HHCOJIHllHH,
H
n03ToMY
no
B03MOLKHOCTH
,lJ,OJILKHbI
IIMCTb
OnTIIMaJIbIIyro
KOlIcTpyr<llHlO
H
pa3MemeHHe,
lITO
3aTpY,Il)IHeT
HX
rrpHcnoc06JICHHe
K
cymeCTBYlOmHM
3,UaHH5IM.
,UJIH
CHCTeMbI
COJI-
IIClII-IOrO
OTOIIJIeI-IH5I
pa3Mep
KOJIJIeKTOpa
,UOJI)KeI-I
6blTb
60JIee
IIOJIO-
BHIIbI
II.7IOma,UH
nOJIa
3,UaHH5I, HO
lIe
MeHee
10
M2.
,U,IIH
npHrOTOBJIe-
124
J
:2
Pile.
3
57.
P<l3Me~eHne
eOJIHeQHblX KOJIJJeKTOPOB
npHMelmTeJIbHO
K
ey~eeTBYIO-
mlIM
3J\<lHlIlJM
1 -
lln
CYll.\cCTnYlow.efi
lIpblllle
IIJIII
CTeHe.
2 - 1<OJ1J1ellTOp; 3 - TOJ1b1<O
Bepnl1<aJlbHble.
CTeHo-
nhlC
KOJ1J1CKTOPLI (j1)IH
lImpOT
He
MeHee
35°). 4 -
113
rrpHCTpollKe
1<
3i\allHlO;
5 -
H3
OTi\eJlb-
lIOrl I<OlICl
PYKll,IlH
IHl51
fOP5JlICH
BO)],bI
KOJIJIeKTOp
MO)J{eT
6bITb
JlC60llblllHM
HCXO)],51
H3
IIOPMbI
2,5-3
M2
Ha
lJeJIOBelCa.
OplleHTaI]H5!
IWJIJIeKTOpOB
)],JI5I
ClICTCMbI
OTorrJIeIlH5!
)],OJI}KHa
6blTb
B
rrpe)],eJIax
aT
rof-IOfO-BOCTOKa
)],0
IOf-lOfO-3arra)],a
H
aT
rofO-BOCTOK3
)],0
IDfO-3arra)]'a
)],JI5I
CllCTeMbI
nplIfOTOBJIellH5I
fOp5llJei1
125
BO,nbI.
,llOI<TOP
,llar
Ta<p<p
(JIa60paTopIUI
«rap,neH
Y5)Jl»)
3Kcrreptt-
MeHTHpyeT
C
CHCTeMaMH,
r,ne
CKOM6HHHpOBaHbI
KOJIJIeKTOpbI,
o6pa-
meHHble
Ha
BOCTOK, H
KOJIJIeKTOpbI,
06pameHHbIe
Ha
3arra,n.
YrOJI
HaKJIOHa
KOJIJIeKTOpOB
,nJI5I
CHCTeMbI
OTorrJIeHH5I
rrOMeme-
HHH
(H3Mep5IeMbIH
OT
ropH30HTaJIH)
MOlKeT
Haxo,nHTbC5I
B
rrpe,ne-
JIax,
orrpe,neJI5IeMbIX
rpa,nycoM
IllHPOTbI
H
rpa,nycoM
IllHPOTbI
rrJIIOC
55°.
)lJI5I
40
0
C.
Ill.
rrpe,neJIbI
COCTaBJI5IIOT OT 40
,no
90°
(Bep-
THKaJIbHOe
rrOJIOlKeHHe).
HaKJIOH
KOJIJIeKTOpOB ,nJI5I
CHCTeMbI
rop5I-
qero
Bo,nocIla6lKeHH5I
Haxo,nHTC5I
B
npe,neJIax
OT
rpa)J.yca
IllHPOTbI
MliHyC
100
,no
rpa,nyca
WHPOTbI
rrJIIOC
25°.
,UJI5I 40
0
C.
W.
3TOT
,nlIa-
rra30H
COCTaBJI5IeT OT
30
,no
75°.
Bo
Bcex
BblweYKa3aIlHblx
rrpe,neJIax
ce30HIla5I
HJIH
ro,nOBa5I
06-
ma5I
3<p<peKTHBHoCTb
CHCTeMbI
6y,neT
OTJIHLIaTbC5I
He
60JIee
LIeM
Ha
10
HJIH 20 %
OrrTHMaJIbHoH.
O,nHH
H3
caMbIX
npOCTbIX
crroc060B
HC-
rrOJIb30BaHII5I
COJIHeLIHOro
TeIIJIa
rrpII
cYIll,eCTBYIOIll,IIX
Kpblwax
3a-
KJIIOLIaeTC5I B
rrporrycKaHIIH
BO,nbI
IIJIH
B03,nyxa
rroBepx
rOHToBoH
rroBepxHocTII.
TerrJIOrrplIeMHa5I
rroBepxHocTb
,nOJIlKHa
6bITb
KaK
MOlK-
HO
60JIee
LIepHoH,
rrpH
He06xo,nHMOCTH
oKpaweHHoH
H
cB060,nHOH
OT
Mycopa.
1\
CTpOrrHJIaM
Kperr5ITC5I
paMbI
,nJI5I
,nByX
CJIOeB OCTeKJIeHH5I
II
KOHCTPYKIl}!OHHOrO
MaTepHaJIa
(HarrpIIMep,
nOJIll"1(pIIPHOH
CMOJIbI,
apMlIpoBaHHoH
CTeKJIOBOJIOKHOM) C
YLIeToM
Mep
,nJI5I
rrpe,nyrrpelK)J.e-
HH5I
rrpOTeqeK.
I\PbIWY
MOlKHO
TaKlKe
rrOKpblTb
BOJIHHCTbIMII
aJIIOMHHHeBbIMII
JIHCTaMII,
oKpaweHHbIMII
B
LIepHbIH
IJ:BeT
II
3aKpbITbIMH
CTeKJIOM.
BO)J.a rrO)J.aeTC51
qepe3
rrep<p0plIpoBaHHYIO
Tpy6y
B)J.OJIb
KOHbKa
KpbI-
WH
II
c06lIpaeTC5I
3aTeM
B
lKeJI06.
,UOKTOP
TOMacoH
3KcrrepHMeH-
TaJIbHO
IICCJIe)J.OBaJI
3TOT
MeTO,n
II
HaWeJI,
LITO
KOJ<p<pHIJ:HeHT rrOJIe3-
Horo
,neHCTBH5I
TaKoro
I10JIJIeKTOpa
HeBeJIIIK.
O,nHaKO
eCJIH
KpbIwa
ylKe
cymeCTByeT,
TO
He60JIbWHe
3aTpaThI,
CB5I3aHHbIe
C
rrpeBpaIll,e-
HlIeM
ee
B COJIHelJ.HhIH
KOJIJIeKTOp,
MoryT
orrpaB)J.aTh
HII3KIIH
I\D,U.
Ha
pHC.
3.58
rrOKa3aHbI
HeKOTopbIe
)J.eTaJIII
B03MO)KHOH
KOHCT-
pyKIJ:IIH
KOJIJIeKTopa.
YLIacTKH
06paIll,eHHblx
Ha
lOr
CTeH
MOlKHO
rrpeBpaTHTb
B
KOJIJIeKTOpbI
B03,nYWHoro
THrra
rrplIMepHo
TaK
.iKe,
KaK
3TO
6bIJIO
c,neJIaHO
C
KphIwaMII.
1\0JIJIeKTOpbI
Bo,n51IlOrO
THrra
rrpH
pa3MeIll,eHIIII
HX
Ha
CTeHax
MeHec
rrpaKTHlJ.HhI,
nOCKOJIbKY
OT-
CYTcTByeT
HaKJIOHHa5I
rroBepxlIocTh,
rro
KOTOPOH BO)J.a
MOlKeT
CTe-
KaTb.
Bo
)J.Bopax
BHe
,nOMa
KOJIJIeKTOpbI
MorYT
pa3MeIll,aTbC5I
Ha
OT-
,neJIbHO CTOHIll,HX KOIlCTPYKIJ:HHX.
TaIme
KOJIJIeKTOpbI,
I1X ,nOCTOHH-
CTBa
H
He,nOCTaTI{!I
06CYlK)J.aIOTC5I B rrOCJIe)J.IIeH
qaCTH
KIHIrH.
DPH-
Mep
rro,no6Horo
YCTpOHCTBa,
KOTOPOC
MOlKIlO
JIcmo
106paTb
H
pa30-
6paTb,
rrOKa3aH
Ha
puc.
3.59.
DpOXJIa)J.lIbIH
B03)J.YX 1I3
,nOMa
OT6u-
paeTC5I
LIepe3
HHlKHIOIO
LIaCTb
Olma
B COJIIIeLIHbIH
KOJIJIeI(TOp,
a
rro-
,naeTC5I
06paTHO
B
rrOMeIll,eHHe
LIepe3
BepxHlO1O
LIaCTb
OKHa.
YCTpOHCTBO
rrOXOlKe
Ha
OKOHHbIH
KOH,nHIJ:HOlj(.~p.
130JIee
BbICOKa5I CTe-
rreHb
perYJIHpOBaHlJ:5I
,nOCTl1raeTC5I
nYTeM
rro)J.aLIu
npOXJIa,nHoro
B03-
,nyxa
B
KOJIJIeKTOp
113
o,nHoro
OKHa
11
B03BpaTa
TenJIOrO
B03,nyxa
B
,npyroe.
126
PHC
3 58
TIepe,ll,eJlKa
cYll\eCTBYlOll\el'l
KPbIWH
B
COJlHeqHblii
KOJlJleKTOp
BO,ll,51Horo
THna
C
OTKpblTbIM
nOTOKOM
1-
BepXHH5!
HaI<JIa)lKa.
2 -
TPy6a
c
rrep<bopa
ll.H5IMH
3 -
ABa
CJI05I
CTehJIa
liJIH
)l.pyroro
npo
3palJIIOrO
MaTepa3JI8,
4 - XOJIo,UHa5I BO)l,8
5-
<pHJIbTP ()lJI5I
acq,dJIb10BOI!
KpOIIlKH).
6 -
narpe
T85I
Bo,na,
CTeKaIOlI~a5I
B
2KeJIo6,
7 -
KOHonaTKa
(THiloBall).
8 - CTeKJIO. 9 -
'.IeTaJIJlnqeCKall
KJl51MMepa. 10 -
roHT.
11
-
<baHepa.
12
-
erpo-
nHJIO
PIIC.
359.
TIopTaTHBHblii
COJlHeqHblii
KOJl-
JleKTOp
B03,ll,YWHoro
THna,
YCTaHaBJIIiBae-
Mblii
BO ,ll,BOpe
(npoeKT
H
PHCYHOK
JIea
TIyaccoHa)
7
===~lfet=::==:
8
===~m~====8
,9
T
IO
17
72
ITpH
rrepeo60pY,lJ,OBaHHH
cymecTBy!{)mHX
3,lJ,aHHH MO./KHO
rrpHMe-
HHTb
6bICTPbIM
H ,lJ,OCTaToqHO ,lJ,ellleBbIM MeTO,lJ,
YCTaHoBKH
rrpOcTbIX
COJIHeqHbIX
KOJIJIeKTOpOB
B03,lJ,YlllHoro
THIla
B OKOHHOM
Kopo6Ke.
Ha
pHC.
3.60,
3.61
H
3.62
Ilpe,lJ,cTaBJIeHbI
MO,lJ,l!(pHKall,HH
BepTHKaJIb-
HbIX
TepMocHcpOI-IHbIX
COJIHeqHbIX
KOJIJIeI{TOpOB
B
a,lJ,MHHHCTpaTHB-
HOM 3,lJ,aHHH B
O,lJ,eMO
(CM.
pHC.
3.3).
TaKHe
KOJIJIeKTOpbI
rrpe,lJ,Ha3Ha-
qeHbI
,lJ,JIH
YCTaHOBKH
B
IlpoeMbI
cymeCTBy!{)mHX
OKOH.
Ha
pRe.
3.60
IlOKa3aHa
KOIlCTPYKll,RH,
rrpRrrHcbIBaeMaH
EaKY
PO,lJ,./Kepcy
H3
r.
3M-
6y,lJ,o,
lllT.
HbIO-MeKCI1KO.
ITpOXJIa,lJ,HbIM B03,lJ,YX
113
rrOMemeHIHI
3a-
caCbIBaeTCH
B
KOJIJIeI{TOp
HarpeTbIl\1
B03,lJ,YXOM, KOTOPbIM
113
KOJIJIeK-
Topa
IlocTyrraeT
B
rrOMemeHHe.
BepTHKaJIbIlbIM
BapHaHT
.noM
KOH-
CTPYKll,HI1,
lIOKa3aHHbIM
Ha
PI1C
3.61,
oco6cmlO
IlpHeMJIeM
,lJ,JIH
KPYIlHbIX
3,lJ,aIlHM.
XOTH
KOJIJIeKTOp
B OKOHHOM
I<opo6Ke
MO./KeT
6bITb
rrOqTH
JIIo6oro
pa3Mepa,
ero
3cpcpeKTHBHoCTb,
,lJ,a)Ke H
3Hal.IHTeJIbHaH,
OCIIOBbIBaHCb
Ha
IlJIOma,lJ,H B
KBa,lJ,panlblx
MeTpax,
B ,lJ,eMCTBHTeJIbHOCTH 6Y,lJ,eT
MaJIa,
eCJIH
pa3MepbI
KOJIJIeKTOpa
cymecTBeHHO
He
rrpeBbIllla!{)T
pa3-
MepbI
OKHa.
ECJIH
,lJ,JIH
06eCne'-IeIUIH
50%-HOM
IlOTpe6HOCTH
B
OTOIl-
JIeHHH
Tpe6yeTcH
KOJIJIeKTOp
pa3MepOM
OT
qeTBepTH
,lJ,O
IlOJIOBHHhl
mlOmaAH
IlOJIa
3,lI.aHHH
1
TO
,lJ,OJIIKHQ
6bITb
HCHO, '-ITO
,lJ,JIH
3aMeTHOM
127
r
;.----=:=::r..
J
I( 5
PlfC
3 60 COJlHeQHhIH KOJlJleKTOp
BCTpoeHHbIH
B OKOHHYIO
Kop06KY
1130
6peTeIHIe
6aKa
PO)l)KepCa,
r
3M6y)]'o,
illT
HblO
MCKCHKO
1 -
CTeHa
)lO'l!a
2 -
OKHO
3 -
TerrJIblfi
B03
)lYX
4 -
rrpOXJIa)lHblfi
B03)lYX
5 -
CTeKJIO
6 -
KOJIJIeKTOp
7 -
q,aHepa
8 -
H30JIH1l.HH
6
Pac
361
BapHaHT
YCTpoflcTBa
COJlHeLIHOro
KOJIJleKTOpa
B OKOHHOH
Kop06Ke
1 -
cymeCTBYlOmaH
CTeHa
)lOMa
2 -
Cy-
meCTBYlO:ur.ee
0
{HO
3 - HarperhIH
B03
Jl.yx
4 -
npO,(JIa)lHbIH
KOMHaTHblli
B03
)lYX
5 -
CTeKJIO
HJIH
rrJIaCT'I!aCCa
6-
LIepHa5I
nJIaCTHHa
KOJIJIeKTOpa
7 - [[OJ! B
rrOMemeHHH
3KOHOMHH
3HeprIIH
Tpe6YlOTC51
60JIhWIIe
KOJIJIeKTOpbI
Ha
pHC
362
rrOKa3aH
crroco6,
KaK
c,neJIaTb
Ko.lJ:JIeh.TOp
60JIbWe
olma
Tpy,nHa51
3a,naqa
,norrOJIHeHH51
cymeCTBYlOmHX
3,namIII
almyMy-
JI51TOPOM
TerrJIa
6bIJIa
rrpaI<THLleCKli
pewella
,U)l{
11
fymoll
H
P K
LIorrpoll
li3
JIa60paToplili
MliHHCTepCTBa
060pOIIbI
(r
,U)l(Q,nx-
rryp,
I1H,nHH)
OmI
pa3pa6oTaJIli
rrpocToll
COJIHeQHbI1
o60rpCB<lTeJIb
hOMHaT,
hOTOPbIll
He
Tpe6:>
eT
MeXJHlIllCCI,OH
3Hcpr
IIH
II
hOTOPbIH
MOMHO
BCTPOHTb
B
cymeCTBYIOmliC
3,n<lIIHH
KaK
BH,nIlO
H3
PIlC
3
63,
COJIHeQHbIH
KOJIJIeI{TOp
lOMlroH
0pllcHTaUHH
HaJ(JIOIlHO
orrlipaCTC51
Ha
CTeHY
3,naHH51
BbICOKHH
6aK
C rOp51QeH BO,nOll
6C3
TerrJIOH30JI51-
UHH
Haxo,nHTC51 B
rrOMemeHHH,
rrpHMbIKa51
xopowo
P30JIHpOB<lImOH
CTeHKoI1
K
IIapYMH0I1
CTCHe B
PC3YJIbTaTe
eCTccTBemroll
KOIlBCKILllII
Bo,na
urrpKyJIHpyCT
113
rrJIOCKOrO
KOJIJIeKTOpa
B
6aK
If
05paTlIO
B hOJI
JIeKTOp
ECJIII
B ,n<lIIHOM
KJIHMaTC
B03MO}KHbI
OTpHIL<lTeJIbHble
TeM
rrepaTyphI,
B BO,ny ,n06aBJI51eTC51
allTHtPP113
TerrJIo
B
rrOMemeIIIIC
6aK
H3JIYQaeT
CIloell
rrepe,nHell
CTeHKOll
B ,n<lHHOM
pa3,neJIe
KHHrH
KpaTho
paCCMoTpeHbI
neKOTopbIC
aJIbTepHaTHBHble
BapHaHTbI
rraCCHBHbIX
CHCTeM TerrJIOCIla6MeH1151
CJIe,nVloruaH
l.IaCTb
KEErE,
rrOCBmUCHHaH
Me10,naM
rop5l'Iero
BO-
,noc}Ia6}KeHH51
c
rrOMOmbJO
COJIlleQIIOll
3HeprHII,
rrpe,nweCTByeT
Qa-
128
PHC
3
62
OKOHHa5!
Kopo6Ka
BIIA
CITe
pe,nll
PllC
363
npOCTOH
COJIHeQHbIH
o6orpe-
BaTeJIb
KOMHaTbI
(CKOHCTPYllpoBaH
_______
,U)K
n
fYITTOH
II
P K 4onpoi'I
ll3
_________
JIa60paTopllH
MllHllcTepcTBa
060POHbI,
--
r
,U)!{o,nxnyp,
I1HAll5!)
1 -
XOJlO)],Hall
Bo)],a
2 - I<OJlJleKTOP 3 -
COJI
neqHall
pa)]'ua[(HlI
4 -
roplIqal!
Bo)]'a
5-
nepeJlHB
6 -
CTeHa
7 -
dJaIlepa
8 -
l!30Jll!
[(l!l!
(cyxal!
TPaBa)
9 -
rJlHHOOl!THal!
KPbl
Ula
10
-
)],lKYToBall
l!30JlllUl!1I
11
-
B03
)],YUlHblll
ga30p
12
-
OTBepCTl!e
)l,Jll!
cooo
l[(eHl!lI
C
aTMoctPepoil
l!
gaJll!BKl!
13
-
KpaH
14 -
CTeKJlOnaTa
15 -
oaK
16 -
1I0)]'CTaBKa
)l,JllI
()aKa
17 -
)l,Bepb
7
8
9
17
CTH
V,
B KOTOPOH
H3JIaraIOTCR
TeXHOJIOrH'leCKHe
peweHHR
aKTIiBHbIX
CIiCTeM
HCrrOJIb30BaHHR
COJIHe'lHOH
9HeprHH
~JIR
OTOrrJIeHHR
H
OX-
JIa2K~eHHR
rrOMeIll,eHHll
cnHCOK
JIHTEPATYPbI
1 Hammond,
Jonathan,
Hunter,
Marshall, Cramer, RIchard, and New-
bauer, Loren
«A
Strategy
for Energy Conservation Proposed Energy Conser-
vatIon
and Solar
Utilization
Ordmance for
the
City
of
DavIS, CaliforIlla» Pre-
pared for
the
City
of
DavIs
WIth
the
support
of
The Case InstItute, August
1974.
2
Hay,
Harold
«New
Roofs for Hot Dry
RegIOns»
EklstIcs
31
(February
1971),
158-164
3 Kern, Ken The The Owner
Built
Home Oakhurst, CalIf Owner-
Builder PublIcations,
1961
4 NatIOnal SCIence Foundation and Research ApplIed to NatIOnal Needs
ProceedIngs
of
the
Solar
Heatmg
and CoollIlg for Bu!ldlIlgs Workshop Waso-
hlIlgton, March,!1973 Department
of
Mechailical EnglIleenng, UiliVerslty
of
Maryland
5 E
AHll.epCOII
4
aCT
b IV
nplI1rOTOBJlEHV1E
rOP5I4EIIf
BO,ll.bl
nplI1
nOMO~lI1
COJlHE4HOVl
3HEPrHV1
Ha
rrplJ:rOTOBJIeHlle
rOpHlJeH
BO,ll,bI ,ll,JIH
6bITOBbIX
HYiK,ll, (,ll,JIH
MblTbH,
CTHpKH
II
T. ,ll,.) B HaCT05!I.u:ee
BpeMH
paCXO,ll,yeTcH
OKOJIO
12
%
.3HeprIUf,
rroTpe6JIHeMOH
B
ClllA
B
iKHJIHlUHOH
II
KOMMYHaJIb-
HOH
ccpepe.
3TOT
orpOMHbIH
crrpoc
Ha
.3HeprlIIO
Y,ll,OBJIeTBOp5IeTCH
rJIaBI-IbIM
06pa30M
3a
ClJeT
06bIlJHbIX
IICTOlJHIIKOB,
TaKHX
KaK
ra3,
HecpTb
H
.3JIeKTpO.3HeprII5I.
O,ll,HaKO
3HalJHTeJIbHYIO
lJaCTb
.3TOrO
crrpo-
ca
MOiKHO
Y,ll,OBJIeTBOpIITb
3a
ClJeT
WIIPOKOro
rrpIIMeHeHHH
YCTPOHCTB
COJIHelJHOrO
BO,ll,OHarpeBa
rrpII
rrOMOlUII
OCBoeHHOH
II
XopOWO
3ape-
KOMeH,ll,OBaBweH
ce65I
TeXHOJIOrIIII.
3a
HCKJIIOlJeHHeM
<PJIOPH,ll,bI
II
IOiKHOH
KaJIIIcpopHIIII,
COJIHelJHble
BO,ll,OHarpeBaTemI
nOim
He
HaWJIII
WIIpOKoro
pbIHKa
B
COe,ll,IIHeHHbIX
lIlTaTax,
O,ll,HaKO
OHII
,ll,OCTaTOlJHO
norrYJI5IpHbI
B
"Y13paIlJIe,
ABCTpaJIlUf,
5InoHIIH
II
,ll,PYrHX
CTpaHax.
L(eweBII3Ha
H YCTOHlJHBOe
rrpe,ll,JIOiKeHIIe
06bIlJHOrO
TOnJIHBa
B
ClllA
,ll,0
He,ll,aBHero
BpeMeHII
6bIJIII
rJIaBHbIM
cpaKTopOM,
npen5ITCTBYIO-
lUIIM
WHPOKOMY
pacrrpOCTpaHeHIIIO
COJIHelJHbIX
BO,ll,OHarpeBaTeJIell
(CBH).
He,ll,aBHHe
II3MeHeHHH
B
06eCnelJeHIIII
TonJIIIBOM
II
OC03Ha-
HIIe
TOro
cpaKTa,
lJTO
«60lJKa
He6e3,ll,OHHa»,
3aCTaBJI5IeT
Hac
BHIIMa-
TeJIbHO
H3YlJaTb
B03MOiKHOCTII
IICnOJIb30BaHII5I
COJIHelJHOH
.3HeprHII,
B TOM
lJIICJIe
H ,ll,JIH
06eCnelJeHlI5I
rOpHlJerO
BO,ll,OCHa6}KeHIIH.
TeXHOJIOrII5I
IICrrOJIb30BaHIIH
CO.TII-IelJHOH
.3HeprIIH
,ll,JI5I
HarpeBa
BO,ll,bI BO
MHorIIX
OTI-IOWeHII5IX
aHaJIOrIIlJHa
CIICTeMaM
COJIHelJHOrO
OTOnJIeHII5I
3,ll,aHIIH.
O,ll,HaKO
eCTb
p5I,ll,
xapaKTepHbIX
oc06emrocTeH
.3TOH
TeXHOJIOrIIII,
KOTopbIe
C03,ll,aIOT
rrOTeHUIIaJIbHO
JIYlJWIIe
YCJIOBII5I
,ll,JI5I
BJIOiKeHII5I
Cpe,ll,CTB
II
YCIIJIIIll,
lJeM
B
CJIYlJae
COJIHe1IHOro
OTorr-
JIeHII5I.
IlpeiK,ll,e
Bcero
HarpY3Ka
Ha
rop5IlJee
BO,ll,OCHa6}KeIUIe
B
TelJeHH~
rO,ll,a
cpaBHHTeJIbHO
rrOCTOHHHa.
TaKIIM
06pa30M,
KOJIJIeKTOp
II
,ll,py-
rIIe
l.JaCTII
COJIne1IHOro
BO,ll,OHarpeBaTeJI5I
6y,nYT
pa60TaTb
npH
nOJI-
HOll
HarpY3Ke
MaKCIIMaJIbHO
B03MOiKIIoe
BpeM5I,
.3KOHOM5I
rrpII
.3TOM
TOrrJIIIBO,
lJTO B
KOHelJHOM
ClJeTe
,ll,OJI}KHO ,nOBOJIbHO
6biCTPO
oKyrraTb
BbICOKYIO
HalJaJIbHYID
CTOIIMOCTb
CHCTCMbI.
LITO
KaCaeTC5I
CIICTeMbI
COJIIIClJHOrO
OTOIIJIeIIII5I
3,naHII5I,
TO
OHa
IIOJIIIOCTbIO
CPYHKUIIOHHpYCT
TOJIbKO
B
caMbIe
XOJIO,ll,HbIe
MeC5IUbI
OTOIIIITeJIbHOrO
CC30Ha.
L(JI5I
60JIee
TOlJHOrO COOTBeTCTBII5I
cnpocy
MO}KHO
TaK}Ke
yCTa-
HOBIITb
lIeTKIIe
IIapaMeTpbI
IIo,norpeBaTeJI5I
CBH.
HeCMOTp5I
Ha
TO
lJTO
OTOIIHTeJIbHble
CHCTeMbI
HCIIblTbIBaIOT
.3KCTpeMaJIbHble
HarpY3KII
B
Te1ICHHe
JIIIWb
OrpaHIIlJeHHOrO
nepIIO,ll,a
rO,ll,a,
OHli
,ll,OJI)IUIbI
6blTb
,ll,OCTaTOlJHO
60JIbWHMH,
lJTo6bI
CIIpaBJI5ITbCH
C
TaKHMII
HarpY3KaMH.
130