ALSTOM T&D. Network Protection And Automation Guide (NPAG)
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Appendix A Terminology
A-11
quantity and the maximum duration of the value of input
energising quantity which, when suddenly reduced to a specific
value below the operating level, is insufficient to cause
operation
PARAMETRIC CONJUNCTIVE TEST
A conjunctive test that ascertains the range of values of each
parameter for which the test meets specific performance
requirements
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
PCC
Point of Common Coupling
PDC
See Phasor Data Concentrator
PHASE ANGLE TRANSDUCER
A transducer used for the measurement of the phase angle
between two a.c. electrical quantities having the same
frequency
PHASOR DATA CONCENTRATOR
An IED, or software function, able to receive Synchrophasor
frames from a number of PMUs, archive them in non-volatile
memory, and/or retransmit them to upstream equipment with
the data content merged, filtered or at a different resolution
than the incoming data
PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT (PMU)
An IED whose function is to accurately measure time-
synchronised current, voltage or other phasor vectors, and
communicate these to other devices in a standard format.
PICK-UP
A relay is said to ‘pick-up’ when it changes from the de-
energised position to the energised position
PILOT CHANNEL
A means of interconnection between relaying points for the
purpose of protection
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller
A specialised computer for implementing control sequences
using software
PLCC
Power Line Carrier Communications
PMU
See Phasor Measurement Unit
POINT OF COMMON COUPLING
The interface between an in-plant network containing
embedded generation and the utility distribution network to
which the in-plant network is connected
POW
Point-on- Wave
Point-on-wave switching is the process to control moment of
switching to minimise the effects (inrush currents,
overvoltages)
POWER FACTOR
The factor by which it is necessary to multiply the product of
the voltage and current to obtain the active power
POWER QUALITY
Classification of power system disturbances according to
standards such as EN50160
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATIONS
A means of transmitting information over a power
transmission line by using a carrier frequency superimposed on
the normal power frequency
PPS
Positive Phase Sequence. Also Pulse Per Second in time
synchronising applications
PROTECTED ZONE
The portion of a power system protected by a given protection
system or a part of that protection system
PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
The apparatus, including protection relays, transformers and
ancillary equipment, for use in a protection system
PROTECTION RELAY
A relay designed to initiate disconnection of a part of an
electrical installation or to operate a warning signal, in the case
of a fault or other abnormal condition in the installation. A
protection relay may include more than one electrical element
and accessories
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A-12
PROTECTION SCHEME
The co-ordinated arrangements for the protection of one or
more elements of a power system. A protection scheme may
comprise several protection systems
PROTECTION SYSTEM
A combination of protection equipment designed to secure,
under predetermined conditions, usually abnormal, the
disconnection of an element of a power system, or to give an
alarm signal, or both
PROTOCOL
A set of rules that define the method in which a function is
carried out – commonly used in respect of communications
links, where it defines the hardware and software features
necessary for successful communication between devices.
PRP
Parallel Redundancy Protocol. A redundant star Ethernet
topology as per IEC62439
PSB
Power Swing Blocking
PSM
Plug Setting Multiple – a term used in conjunction with
electromechanical relays, denoting the ratio of the fault current
to the current setting of the relay
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PT100
Platinum resistance temperature probe
PTP
Precision time Protocol, typically as per IEEE1588
R
Resistance
RATIO CORRECTION
A feature of digital/numerical relays that enables
compensation to be carried out for a CT or VT ratio that is not
ideal
RATING
The nominal value of an energising quantity that appears in
the designation of a relay. The nominal value usually
corresponds to the CT and VT secondary ratings
RBAC
Role-Based Access Control
RCA
Relay Characteristic Angle. The centre of the directional
characteristic
RCD
Residual Current Device. A protection device which is actuated
by the residual current
RCP
Remote Control Point
The Remote Control Point is a SCADA interface. Several RCP’s
may be managed with different communication protocols.
Physical connections are done at a Gateway or at substation
computers or at a substation HMI
REACTIVE POWER (VAR) TRANSDUCER
A transducer used for the measurement of reactive electrical
power
RECLAIM TIME (AUTO-RECLOSE)
The time between a successful closing operation, measured
from the time the auto-reclose relay closing contact makes
until a further reclosing sequence is permitted in the event of a
further fault occurring
REF
Restricted Earth Fault
REFERENCE CONDITIONS
Conditions of use for a transducer prescribed for performance
testing, or to ensure valid comparison of results of
measurement
REFERENCE RANGE
A specified range of values of an influence quantity within
which the transducer complies with the requirements
concerning intrinsic errors
REFERENCE VALUE
A specified single value of an influence quantity at which the
transducer complies with the requirements concerning intrinsic
errors
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Appendix A Terminology
A-13
RELAY
See Protection relay
RESETTING VALUE
The limiting value of the characteristic quantity at which the
relay returns to its initial position
RESIDUAL CURRENT
The algebraic sum, in a multi-phase system, of all the line
currents
RESIDUAL VOLTAGE
The algebraic sum, in a multi-phase system, of all the line-to-
earth voltages
RESPONSE TIME
The time from the instant of application of a specified change
of the measurand until the output signal reaches and remains
at its final steady value or within a specified band centred on
this value
REVERSIBLE OUTPUT CURRENT
An output current which reverses polarity in response to a
change of sign or direction of the measurand
RIPPLE CONTENT OF THE OUTPUT
With steady-state input conditions, the peak-to-peak value of
the fluctuating component of the output
RMS
Root Mean Square
RMS SENSING TRANSDUCER
A transducer specifically designed to respond to the true r.m.s.
value of the input and which is characterised by the
manufacturer for use on a specified range of waveforms
RMU
Ring Main Unit
ROCOF
Rate Of Change Of Frequency (protection relay)
RS
Recommended Standard. Terminology still commonly used
when referring to EIA serial communication
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RTD
Resistance Temperature Detector
RTOS
Real Time Operating System
RTU
Remote Terminal Unit. An IED used specifically for data
gathering and control within a substation. Sometimes may
include control/ monitoring/storage functions
SAT
Site Acceptance Test
Validation procedures for equipment executed with the
customer on site
SCADA
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCL
Substation Configuration Language
Normalised configuration language for substation modelling
(as expected by IEC 61850-6)
SCP
Substation Control Point
HMI computers at substation level allowing the operators to
control the substation
SCS
Substation Control System
SECURITY
A measure of a protection scheme's ability to restrain and
prevent spurious operation, when no operation is required
SEF
Sensitive Earth Fault
SETTING
The limiting value of a ‘characteristic’ or ‘energising’ quantity
at which the relay is designed to operate under specified
conditions. Such values are usually marked on the relay and
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A-14
may be expressed as direct values, percentages of rated values,
or multiples
SFC
Sequential Function Chart: One of the IEC 61131-3
programming languages
SIMPLEX COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
A communications system in which data can only travel in one
direction
SINGLE-SHOT RECLOSING
An auto-reclose sequence that provides only one reclosing
operation, lock-out of the CB occurring if it subsequently trips
S.I.R.
System Impedance Ratio
SINGLE ELEMENT TRANSDUCER
A transducer having one measuring element
SIPS
System Integrity Protection Schemes
SNTP
Simple Network Time Protocol
SOE
Sequence Of Events
SOTF
Switch On To Fault (protection)
SPECIFIC CONJUNCTIVE TEST
A conjunctive test using specific values of each of the
parameters
SPRING WINDING TIME
For spring-closed CB’s, the time for the spring to be fully
charged after a closing operation
ST
Structured Text: One of the IEC 61131-3 programming
languages
STABILITY (OF A TRANSDUCER)
The ability of a transducer to keep its performance
characteristics unchanged during a specified time, all
conditions remaining constant
STABILITY (OF A PROTECTION SYSTEM)
The quantity whereby a protection system remains inoperative
under all conditions other than those for which it is specifically
designed to operate
STABILITY LIMITS (OF A PROTECTION SYSTEM)
The r.m.s. value of the symmetrical component of the through
fault current up to which the protection system remains stable
STARTING RELAY
A unit relay which responds to abnormal conditions and
initiates the operation of other elements of the protection
system
STATCOM
A particular type of Static Var Compensator, in which Power
Electronic Devices are used to generate the reactive power
required, rather than capacitors and inductors
STATIC RELAY
An electrical relay in which the designed response is developed
by electronic, magnetic, optical or other components without
mechanical motion. Excludes relays using digital/numeric
technology
STC
Short Time Current (rating of a CT)
STORAGE CONDITIONS
The conditions, defined by means of ranges of the influence
quantities, such as temperature, or any special conditions,
within which the transducer may be stored (non-operating)
without damage
SVC
Static Var Compensator
SYNCHROPHASOR
A vector synchronised to real time, accurately defining the
magnitude and phase of a power system quantity. Typically
IEEE C37.118 applies
SYSTEM DISTURBANCE TIME (AUTO-RECLOSE)
The time between fault inception and CB contacts making on
successful re-closure
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Appendix A Terminology
A-15
SYSTEM IMPEDANCE RATIO
The ratio of the power system source impedance to the
impedance of the protected zone
T101
Term used for IEC 60870-5-101 protocol
TAP CHANGER
A mechanism, usually fitted to the primary winding of a
transformer, to alter the turns ratio of the transformer by small
discrete amounts over a defined range
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A common
protocol for the transmission of messages over the Internet
TCS
Trip Circuit Supervision
TC57
Technical Committee 57 working for the IEC and responsible
for producing standards in the field of Protection (e.g. IEC
61850)
TF
Transfer Function of a device (usually an element of a control
system. Also Transient Factor (of a CT)
THD
Total Harmonic Distortion
THROUGH FAULT CURRENT
The current flowing through a protected zone to a fault beyond
that zone
TIME DELAY
A delay intentionally introduced into the operation of a relay
system
TIME DELAY RELAY
A relay having an intentional delaying device
TIME DIAL (TD)
An alternative to the time multiplier setting (TMS), applied to
IEEE inverse-time curves
TIME MULTIPLIER SETTING (TMS)
Used to Adapt the speed of operation of inverse-time curves
TPI
Tap Position Indicator (for transformers)
TRANSDUCER (ELECTRICAL MEASURING
TRANSDUCER)
A device that provides a d.c. output quantity having a definite
relationship to the a.c. measurand
TRANSDUCER WITH OFFSET ZERO (LIVE
ZERO)
A transducer which gives a predetermined output other than
zero when the measurand is zero
TRANSDUCER WITH SUPPRESSED ZERO
A transducer whose output is zero when the measurand is less
than a certain value
TVE
Total Vector Error. A composite percentage error
measurement, used to describe the accuracy requirement for
phasor measurement units.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol.
UNIT ELECTRICAL RELAY
A single relay that can be used alone or in combinations with
others
UNIT PROTECTION
A protection system that is designed to operate only for
abnormal conditions within a clearly defined zone of the power
system
UNRESTRICTED PROTECTION
A protection system which has no clearly defined zone of
operation and which achieves selective operation only by time
grading
UCA
Utility Communications Architecture. UCA2 was a forerunner
of IEC61850
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply
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A-16
USB
Universal Serial Bus
UTC
Universal Time Coordinated. The precise internationally
recognised time reference, equivalent to GMT.
V
Voltage
VCB
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
VDEW
Term used for IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. The VDEW protocol
is a subset of the IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
VECTOR GROUP COMPENSATION
A feature of digital and numerical relays that compensates for
the phase angle shift that occurs in transformers (including
VTs) due to use of dissimilar winding connections – e.g.
transformers connected delta/star
VOLTAGE TRANSDUCER
A transducer used for the measurement of a.c. voltage
VT
Voltage Transformer
WAMPAC
Wide-Area Monitoring/Measurement, Protection and Control
WAN
Wide Area Network
X
Reactance
Y
Admittance
Z
Impedance
ZONE
The boundary limits, typically for a protected unit in the power
system, within which protection is expected to operate
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Alstom Grid B-1
Appendix B
ANSI/IEC Symbols
The most common methods for indicating protection device
functions are defined by the IEEE (ANSI) C37-2, which uses
an alphanumeric code and IEC61850, which uses a numeric
code. There are also other common designations, some of
which originate from IEC 60617. A list of common ANSI
device numbers and their equivalents is given in this appendix.
FUNCTIONS ANSI IEC 61850
Other Common
Designations
Arc flash Detector AFD SARC
Automatic Tap Change Control ATCC AVR
Autoreclose 79 RREC DAR
Blocking (eg. Power Swing
Blocking) or “out-of-step”
68 RPSB PSB, OST, OOS
Breaker Failure 50BF RBRF BFP
Broken Conductor 46BC PTOC I2/I1>
Busbar Differential 87BB PDIF Idiff>
Circuit Breaker 52 XCBR CB
Circuit Breaker Closed Auxiliary
Contacts
52a XCBR
Circuit Breaker Open Auxiliary
Contacts
52b XCBR
Circuit Switch 89 XSWI
Clock or Timing Source CLK
Closing Coil CC
Cold Load Pick-Up 51CLP CLP
Current Transformer Supervision RVCS CTS
Data Communications Device 16
Digital Fault Recorder DFR RDRE, RADR, RBDR
Delta Directional Comparison I / V
Directional Earth Fault
Overcurrent
67N PTOC IN>, t>, DEF
Directional Over Power 32O PDOP P>
Directional Overcurrent 67P PTOC I>
Directional Under Power 32U PDUP P<
Distance 21 PDIS Z
Distance Aided Schemes 21/85 PSCH
Disturbance Recorder DDR RDRE, RADR, RBDR DR
Dynamic Line Rating 49DLR PTTR DLR
Earth Fault Overcurrent 51N PTOC IN>
Ethernet Switch 16ES
Fault Locator 21FL RFLO DTF
Fuse Fail Overcurrent 51FF PTOC
Generator Differential 87G PDIF Idiff>
High Impedance Earth Fault
Detection
HIZ PHIZ Hi-Z
Human Machine Interface HMI IHMI
Instantaneous Overcurrent 50 PTOC I>
Interlocked Overcurrent Busbar
Protection Scheme
51BB PTOC
Interlocking 3 CILO
Interturn Fault 50 PDIF
Line Differential 87L PDIF Idiff>
Load Restoration 81R PTOF
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B-2
FUNCTIONS ANSI IEC 61850
Other Common
Designations
Lockout Relay 86
Loss of Field / Under Excitation 40 PDUP
Loss of Life LoL MMTR
Motor Anti-Backspin ABS
Motor Differential 87M PDIF Idiff>
Motor Emergency Restart 66/86
Motor Locked Rotor 51LR PMRI/PMSS
Motor Number of Starts 66 PMRI/PMSS
Motor Reacceleration
Authorisation
27LV
Motor Restart Inhibition 49, 66 PMRI
Motor Starting Time Supervision
48, 51LR,
49R
PMRI/PMSS
Negative Sequence Overvoltage 47 PTOV V2>
Negative Phase Sequence
Thermal
46T PTTR
Neutral Admittance YN
Neutral Displacement Voltage
(Residual Overvoltage)
59N PTOV VN>
Out of Step Trip (Pole Slip) 78 PPAM OST, OOS
Overfrequency 81O PTOF f>
Overspeed 12
Z
>
Overtemperature 26 PTTR
˥
>
Overvoltage 59 PTOV V>
Phase Angle 78
M
>
Phase Comparison 87P PDIF
Phase-Balance (eg. Negative
Sequence) Current
46 PTOC I2>
Phasor Data Concentrator PDC
Phasor Measurement Unit PMU
Pilot-Wire or Carrier
Communications
85 PSCH
Point-on-Wave Switching CPOW POW
Pole Dead (Circuit Breaker Open) PTUV
Positive Sequence Undervoltage 47 PTUV V1<
Power Factor (Over) 55O POPF
PF>, cos
M
>
Power Factor (Under) 55U PUPF
PF<, cos
M
<
Power Quality Monitor PQM
QFVR, QITR, QIUB,
QVTR, QVUB, QVVR
PQ
Push Button PB
Rate of Change of Frequency 81R PFRC df/dt
Remote Terminal Unit / Data
Concentrator
RTU
Restricted Earth Fault (Biased) 64N PDIF Idiff>, REF
Restricted Earth Fault (High Imp.) 64N PDIF Idiff>, REF
Reverse Power 32R PDOP
Rotor Earth Fault 64R PEFI
FUNCTIONS ANSI IEC 61850
Other Common
Designations
Rotor Thermal Overload 49R PTTR
Router 16ER
Sensitive Directional Earth Fault
Overcurrent
67SEF PTOC Isef>
Sequence of Events Recorder SER SOE
Switch on to Fault SOTF PSOF
Stator Earth Fault 64S PTOC
100% Stator Earth Fault - 3rd
harmonic undervoltage, 3rd
harmonic overvoltage, low
frequency injection
27TN, 59TN,
64S
PTUV/PTOV/PEFI
Stator Thermal Overload 49S PTTR
Stub Bus Protection 50ST PTOC
Substation Metering MET MMTR, MMXU
Synchronism Check 25 RSYN CS
Thermal Device (eg. RTD,
thermistor)
26 PTTR RTD
Thermal Overload 49 PTTR
Through Fault Monitoring Thru MMXU TF
Time Delay 2 t>, TD
Time Overcurrent (eg. IDMT) 51 PTOC I>, t>
Transformer Differential 87T PDIF Idiff>
Transformer Inrush Detection 68 PHAR
Transient Earth Fault PTEF TGF
Trip Circuit Monitor / Supervision TCM TCS
Trip Coil TC
Tripping Relay 94 PTRC
Turbine Abnormal Frequency 81AB PTAF
Undercurrent 37 PTUC I<
Underfrequency 81U PTUF f<
Underspeed or Zero Speed Device 14 PZSU
Z
<
Undervoltage 27 PTUV V<
Unintentional Energisation (Dead
Machine Protection)
50/27 PDMP
Voltage Balance 60 PTOV
Voltage Dependent Overcurrent 51V PVOC
Volts per Hertz Overfluxing 24 PVPH V/Hz
Voltage Transformer Supervision VTS RVCS
Voltage Vector Shift PVSP V
Wattmetric Earth Fault 64W PSDE PN>
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Alstom Grid C-1
Appendix C
Typical Standards Applicable to
Protection and Control Numerical
Devices
C.1 Dielectric, Impulse and Insulation
C.2 DC Auxiliary Supply Tests
C.3 AC Voltage Dips & Short Interruptions
C.4 High Frequency Disturbance Tests
C.5 Fast Transient
C.6 Conducted Emissions
C.7 Radiated Emissions
C.8 Conducted Immunity
C.9 Radiated Immunity
C.10 ANSI/IEEE Radiated Immunity
C.11 Electrostatic Discharge
C.12 IEC Surge Immunity
C.13 Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity
C.14 Pulsed Magnetic field Immunity
C.15 Damped Oscillatory Magnetic Field Immunity
C.16 Damped Oscillatory Tests
C.17 Power Frequency Test
C.18 ANSI/IEEE Surge Withstand Capability
C.19 Operating and Storage Temperature
C.20 Six-Day Cyclic Temperature with Humidity
C.21 56-Day Humidity (IEC 60068-2-3)
C.22 Mechanical Tests
C.23 Enclosure Protection Tests
C.24 European Union Directives
There are many different institutions, both international and
national, which issue standards used by manufacturers of
protection and control devices. The standards shown here can
be supplemented by the electrical power system operators'
own particular standards. The most used standards bodies in
the field of power systems engineering are:
x EU: European Union directives
x IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
x IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
The list of standards shown here is not exhaustive, but serves
to demonstrate the diverse
nature of this industry, and its
associated compliancy requirements.
C.1 DIELECTRIC, IMPULSE AND INSULATION
Standard Typical Details
Impulse, EN 60255-27:2005
5kV 1.2/50
P
s impulse, common and differential mode – CT,
VT, opto inputs, relays, power supply, IRIG-B & terminal block
communications connections.
Dielectric withstand, EN 60255-
27:2005
2kV rms. for 1 minute between all terminals connected
together and case earth.
2kV rms. for 1 minute between all terminals of independent
circuits with terminals on each independent circuit connected
together.
1kV rms. for 1 minute across watchdog contacts.
ANSI dielectric withstand, ANSI/IEEE
C37.90. (1989) (Reaffirmed 1994)
1kV rms. for 1 minute across open contacts of the watchdog
contacts.
1kV rms. for 1 minute across open contacts of changeover
output contacts.
1.5kV rms. for 1 minute across normally open output contacts.
Insulation resistance, EN 60255-
27:2005
100 M
:
minimum.
C.2 DC AUXILIARY SUPPLY TESTS
Standard Typical Details
DC voltage interruptions, IEC 60255-
11:2008
50ms with no loss of protection.
100ms, 200ms, 300ms, 0.5s, 1s, 5s with temporary loss of
protection.
DC voltage dip, IEC 60255-11:2008 40% @ 200ms, 70% @ 500ms with no loss of protection.
Alternating component (ripple) in DC
supply voltage, IEC 60255-11:2008
AC 100Hz ripple superimposed on DC max. and min. auxiliary
supply at 12% of highest rated DC.
Gradual shut down / start up, IEC
60255-11:2008
Reverse polarity, IEC 60255-11:2008
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C-2
C.3 AC VOLTAGE DIPS & SHORT
INTERRUPTIONS
Standard Typical Details
AC voltage interruptions, EN 61000-4-
11:2004 and EN60255-11 : 2008
10ms, 20ms with no loss of protection.
50ms, 100ms, 200ms, 500ms, 5s with temporary loss of
protection.
AC voltage dip, EN 61000-4-11:2004
and EN60255-11 : 2008
60% @ 200ms, 30% @ 500ms, 20% @ 5s with no loss of
protection.
C.4 HIGH FREQUENCY DISTURBANCE TESTS
Standard Typical Details
1MHz burst Immunity test, EN
60255-22-1:2008 Class III
2.5kV common mode between independent circuits and
between independent circuits and case earth.
1kV differential mode across terminals of the same circuit
(except metallic contacts).
C.5 FAST TRANSIENT
Standard Typical Details
Fast Transient, EN 61000-4-4:2004
Level 4
4kV 5kHz, power supply and earth ports.
2kV 5kHz, all other circuits (excluding power supply and earth
ports).
Fast Transient, EN 60255-22-4:2008
Class A.
4kV 5kHz and 100kHz, applied to all circuits excluding
communication ports.
2kV 5kHz and 100kHz, applied to communication ports.
C.6 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS
Standard Typical Details
Power supply, EN55022: 2006 and
EN60255-25: 2000
0.15 - 0.5MHz, 79dB
P
V (quasi peak) 66dB
P
V (average).
0.5 - 30MHz, 73dB
P
V (quasi peak) 60dB
P
V (average).
Permanently connected
communications ports, EN55022:
2006 and EN60255-25: 2000
0.15 - 0.5MHz, 97dB
P
V (quasi peak) 84dB
P
V (average).
0.5 - 30MHz, 87dB
P
V (quasi peak) 74dB
P
V (average).
C.7 RADIATED EMISSIONS
Standard Typical Details
Radiated emissions, EN55022:2006
(EN60255-25:2000)
30 - 230MHz, 40dB
P
V/m at 10m measurement distance.
230 - 1000MHz, 47dB
P
V/m at 10m measurement distance.
C.8 CONDUCTED IMMUNITY
Standard Typical Details
Conducted immunity, EN 61000-4-6:
2009 Level 3 (EN60255-22-6: 2001)
10V emf @ 1kHz 80% am, 150kHz to 80MHz.
Spot tests at 27MHz, 68MHz.
C.9 RADIATED IMMUNITY
Standard Typical Details
Radiated immunity, EN 61000-4-3:
2006 Level 3
10 V/m 80MHz - 1GHz @ 1kHz 80% am.
Radiated immunity from digital radio
telephones, EN 61000-4-3: 2006
Level 4
30 V/m 800MHz – 960MHz and 1.4GHz – 2GHz @ 1kHz
80% am.
Radiated immunity, EN 60255-22-3:
2007 Class III)
10 V/m 80MHz - 1GHz and 1.4GHz – 2.7GHz @ 1kHz 80%
am.
Spot tests at 80MHz, 160MHz, 380MHz, 450MHz,
900MHz, 1850MHz and 2150MHz.
C.10 ANSI/IEEE RADIATED IMMUNITY
Standard Typical Details
ANSI Radiated Immunity/IEEE
C37.90.2 2004
35 V/m 80MHz - 1GHz, @ 1kHz 80% am.
35 V/m 80MHz - 1GHz, 100% pulse modulated.
Spot tests at 80MHz, 160MHz, 450MHz, 900MHz and
900MHz (200Hz rep. freq., pulse modulated).
C.11 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
Feature Details
ESD, EN61000-4-2:2009 Level 3 and
Level 4 (EN60255-22-2: 2008)
Level 4: 15kV air discharge. Tests carried out both with and
without cover fitted.
Level 4: 8kV contact discharge. Tests carried out both with
and without cover fitted.
Level 4: 15kV indirect discharge. Tests carried out both with
and without cover fitted.
C.12 IEC SURGE IMMUNITY
Feature Details
Power supply, EN61000-4-5:2006
Level 4 (EN60255-22-5:2002)
4kV common mode 12
:
source impedance, 2kV differential
mode 2
:
source impedance, level 4.
CT and VT inputs, opto inputs, output
relays, EN61000-4-5:2006 Level 4
(EN60255-22-5:2002)
4kV common mode 42
:
source impedance, 2kV differential
mode 42
:
source impedance, Level 4.
Cable screen, EN61000-4-5:2006
Level 4 (EN60255-22-5:2002)
4kV common mode 2
:
source impedance
C.13 POWER FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD
IMMUNITY
Standard Typical Details
Power Frequency Magnetic Field
Immunity, EN61000-4-
8:1993+A1:2001 Level 5.
100A/m field applied continuously in all planes for the EUT in
a quiescent and tripping state (EUT – ‘Equipment Under
Test’).
1000A/m field applied for 3s in all planes for the EUT in a
quiescent and tripping state.
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