15
Illana
3
KlIACCH(J)HKAIJ;IDI
KnacCM<pMKaUMM
nI06hIx
HBneHMH
H
npoueCCOB
MOryT
CTPOMTbCH
Ha
pa3JIHqHhIX
npMHUMnax.
ITPM
HayqHblx
MC-
cne~OBaHM51X
~OBonbHO
qaCTO KnaCcM<pMKaUMIO
npOBO~HT
no
reHeTMqeCKHM
OC06eHHOCT5IM
M3yqaeMhIx
5IBJIeHMH,
TaK
KaK
OHM
n03BOn5IIOT
nyqllle
BbmenJfTh
OTnJfqMTenbHhIe
OCO-
6eHHOCTI1 MX
(5IBneHMit)
B03HMKHOBeHMH
M
<pOpMMpOBa-
HM5I.
YqMThIBa5I
3TO,
paCCMOTpMM
CHaqana
reHeTWIecKyIO
KnaCCM<pMKaLUfIO reOXMMMqeCKMX
6aphepOB.
3.1.
reHeTlflIeCKaJI
KnaCCH<pHKalJ.Wl
THULl
6apbepOB.
ITo
reHeTMqeCKOH
KnaccM<pMKaUMM
AM.
ITepenbMaHa
Bce
reOXMMMqeCKHe
6aphephI
6MOC<p
e
PbI
pa3~enSlIOTC5I
Ha
~Ba
OCHOBHblX
TMna
- npupodllble
11
mex-
1l0ZelUlble.
11
Te
M
~pYrMe
pacnonaralOTCH
Ha
yqacTKax
M3-
MeHeHM5I
<paKTopoB
MMrpaUMH.
B
nepBOM
cnyqae
CMeHa
<paKTOPOB, a COOTBeTCTBeHHO M
CMeHa
O~HOH
reOXMMMqeC-
KOH
o6CTaHOBKM
~pyroH
06ycnaBnMBaIOTC5I
npHpOllHbIMM
oco6em-IocTHMM
KOHKpeTHoro
yqaCTKa
6MOC<pePhL
Bo
BTO-
POM
- TaKaH
CMeHa
reOXMMMqeCKMX
06cTaHOBOK
npOMCXO-
~MT
B pe3YJIhTaTe
~UlTp'OnOreHHOH
~eHTenbHOCTM.
O~HaKO
~OBOJlhHO
qaCTO
aHTponoreHHoe
H3MeHeHHe
reOXHMMqeCKoit
06CTaHOBKM
H <pOpMMpOBaHMe
TeXHoreH-
HhIX
reOXHMMqeCKHx
6aphepOB
}IBn5IIOTCH
cBoe06pa3HbIM
TOnqKOM,
nocne
KOTOPOro
M~eT
06pa30BaHMe
npHpO~HhIX
remrnMHqeCKMX
6aphepOB.
ITPOMCXO,ll,MT
HanO)!(eHMe
Ha
TeX-
HoreHHhIe
6aphepbI
npMpO,ll,HhIX. I1HOr,ll,a
Bce
OHH
(B
TOM
qMCne
11
TeXHoreHHhIe)
MOryI'
JIMllib
qaCTMqHO
nepeKphIBaTb
,ll,pyr
,ll,pyra.
TaKMe
npoueCChI
<popMHpoBaHMH
reOXMMWIec-
KMX
6aphepOB
3aCTaBMnM
Hac
BhmenMTb
MX
HOBhIH,
TpeTMH
TMn:
TeXHOreHHo-npMp0,ll,HhIe
reOXMMMqeCKMe
6aphephI.
KiIaccbI
6apbepOB.
BhmeneHHhIe
TMnhI
I-eOXMMMqeCKMX
6aphepOB
nO,ll,pa3,1leneHbI
AI1.
ITepenhMaHOM
Ha
TPH
OCHOB-
HhIX
Knacca:
rPU3UlCo-XUMUtteclCue,
MexaHUtteclCue
M 6uozeoxu-
MUtteclCue.
06pa30BaHHe
<pH3MKO-XMMMqeCKMX
6aphepOB
CBH3aHO C
M3MeHeHMeM
<pH3MKO-XMMHqeCKOH 06CTaHOBKM.
K
HaCT05ImeMY
BpeMeHM
,ll,eTMhHa5I KnaCCM<pMKaUM5I
pa3-
3.1.
Fenemu'teCKaJl
KJlOCCUI/JUKOII,UJl
pa60TaHa
TonhKO
~nH
3Toro
KnaCca
6aphepOB,
a
TOqHee,
roU.I
cnyqa5I
OCa)K)],eH1HI
XMMMqeCKHX
3neMeHToB,
MMrpMpy-
IOmMX
B MOHHOH
<popMe
B
BO~ax
C
pa3JIM~lHhIMM
OKHcnM-
TenbHO-BOCCTaHOBMTenhHhIMH
M
menOqHO-KMCnOTHhIMM
ycnOBM5IMH
(Ta6n.
1).
MeXaHMqeCKHe
6aphephI
npe~CTaBJmIOT
C060H
yqaCTKH
pe3KOro
YMeHhllieHMH
MHTeHCMBHOCTM MeXaHMqeCKOH
MMr-
paUHM.
OHM
B OCHOBHOM CBH3aHbI
CO
BTOphIM TMnOM
MMrpa-
UMH XMMMqeCKMX 3neMeHTOB,
Kor~a
MX
<popMa
HaxO)K)],eHMH
He
M3MeH5IeTCH,
HO
OHM
nepeMemaIOTC5I
B
npOCTPaHCTBe
[11].
ITepeMemeHMe
npOMCXO~MT,
KaK
npaBMno,
B
npe~enax
6HOC<pePbI -
qame
ocero
C HaXO)K)],eHHeM
3neMeHTOB
B
MM-
HepanbHOH
MnM
KOMO~OH
<popMe.
ITepeMemelme
KOMOM-
~OB
BMeCTe C COp6MpOBaHHhIMM MMM
3neMeHTaMM,
a TaIOKe
MMHepanOB
MO)!(eT
npOMCXO~MTb
B
B03~YIllHOH
M
BO~HOH
cpe~ax
M,
KpOMe
TOro,
Ha
rpaHMlle
cpe~
(cKaThIBaHHe
06-
nOMKOB
no
CKnOHaM).
KnaccM<pMKaUM5I MeXaHMqeCKMX
6a-
phepOB
C
Mcnonb30BaHMeM
«MaTPM'-IHOH OCHOBhI»
(KaK
3TO
6hmo
c~enaHO
AM.
ITepenhMaHoM
,1J.JI5I
<pM3MKO-XMMMqeCKMX
6apbepoB)
6hma
npe,1J.JIO)!(eHa
B.A
AAeKceeHKO
B
1997
r.
EMOreOXMMMqeCKMe
6apbephI,
B OTnWIMe
OT
MHOrHX
~py
mx,
CBH3aHhI
maBHhIM
06pa3oM
C
nepBhlM
TMnOM
MHrpa-
UMM
XMMM~IeCKI1X
3neMeHTOB,
Kor~a
M3MeHSleTCSI MX
<popMa
HaXO)K)],eHMSI
6e3
3HaqMTenbHoro
nepeMemeHMH
B
npo-
CTPaHCTBe [11].
ITo
CBoeH
CYTM
paccMaTPMBaeMbIe
6apbepbI
Ilpe~CTaBnHIOT
C060H
HaKOnneHl1e
XMMM'IeCKMX
3neMeHTOB
paCTl1TenhHhIMM M )!(JiIBOTHbIMM
0praIiM3MaMM.
3TM
reOXMMI1-
qeCKHe
6apbepbI
OTHOCHTCSI
K
qMcny
HaM60nee
pacnpoCTPa-
HeHHbIX
B
6Moc<pepe
M
MorYT
6hlTb
KaK
npHpO~HhIMM,
TaK
H
TeXHoreHHhIMM.
KOHueHTPaUMSI
XMMHqeCKI1X
3neMeHTOB
Ha
6MoreOXMMMqeCKMX
6apbepax
5IBn5IeTCH qaCThIO
6Mono-
mqeCKOrO
KpyroBopoTa
3TMX
3neMeHTOB.
O~MH
M3
BapMaH-
TOB KnaCcM<pMKaUMH
paCCMaTpHBaeMhIX
6apbepoB
npe,1J.JIO-
)!(eH
aBTopaMM
~aHHoro
noc06mI
H
~aeTC5I
B 3TOH
rnaBe.
HaKonneHHe
Ha
reOXMMMqeCKMX
6apbepax
XMMMqeCKHX
3neMeHTOB
(coe~MHeHMH),
KaK
npaBl1nO,
npMBO~MT
K MX
aHOManhHhIM
KOHueHTPauM5IM.
ITPM
onpe~eJreHHhIX
ycnoBM-
5lX
KOHueHTPaUMH
M
o6mee
CO~ep)!(aHMe
3neMeHTOB
Ha
6a-
Pbepe
pe3KO
B03paCTaIOT.
TaK
06pa3YIOTCSI MeCTOpO)K)],eHMSI