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npHMeHfleMbre B rrpoMb[xJreHHocTH,

paccMaTpHBarorcs

HHx(e.

B ta6n.

3

npuBoAurcfl

rryBcrBureJrbHocrn

uaH6oJree

pacnpo-

crpaHeHHbrx MeroAoB

H

cnoco6os

KoHTpoJrfl repMerur{HocrH u

TeqeucK

aHvIfl,.

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nPEAbflB/tff

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rEpMETVI{HOCTH HOHCTPyHL{HH'

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repMerurrHocru

rroABeprarorcfl

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H3-

AeIrHn

(xoucrpyKrluu

n

c6ope), rax

14

Hx

cocraBHbre sJreMeH-

TbI, orAeJlbHbre

ygJrbl,

cHcreMbl H T.

n. B

3aBHcHMocrH

or Ha-

3HaqeHufl KoHcrpyxqufi, ycnonHfi,

B Koropbrx

oHH

gKcnJryarH-

pyrorcfl,

H KoHcrpyKrnBHbrx

oco6euuocrefi

K

HHM

npeAbflBJrr-

Iorcfl

pa3rurluble

rpe6onalann

B

orHorxeHun r{x

repMernrrHocrH

.

il,ns

KoHcrpyxrtufi

c

saMKHyrbrM

o6reuou,

ipe6oe

aHHfl K

repMerlrrrHocrH

onpeAeJrsrorcr

ux

o6reuou

H

AonycTHMbrM

H3MeHeHHeM

AaBIreHHfl

B

HHx

ga

.orpe.{,eleuHufi

npoMe)Kyror{

BpeMeHH.

Tpe6yeMyp

repMerutisocrn

saAaer

paspa6orrrr.rK

Kol{(-rnv:Krluvl rr nc r{nrJnrn\rwsufr nq6nnqrnTrTr,rrr n^n nqp rrp-

^rvrrv.

r

J

^-rq.r.rt

rqvvr

stvu+rrlr

rrvA

Aqvgrv

HHeM,

ee 3aAaIOT

IIO

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(4 3)

27

V

Y'

i

I

Ann

BaKyyMHbrx

KoHcrpyr(quli

rpe6yerrryro

repMerr{qHocrb

SaAaroT

rlo

cooTHorueHHro

rAe

fL

-

repMernrlHocrb

wgorrwposanHofi

r(oHcrpyr(uuH,

6oraroulefi

noAAaBJIeHHeM,

ffi;

V

-

BHyrpeH

uutt

o6reu,

Y

-En

-

yreqKa,

paB:e.ar,

cyMruapHoMy

roroKy

qepeg

cKBo3HbIe HenJIorHocrH,

t'tt'13

'-MfIa

.

c

krg

ypaBHeHHfl

(43)

onpeAeJrflror

AorrycKaeMyro

BerHrrHHy

yTerrKH

rrt

<{

feprvrerHqHocrb

r(oHcrpyKrIHH

crluTaercfl

yAoB.rrerBopHTe-

.ntHofi,

ecJrkr

ee BeJrH,rHua

|

6o.urrue

HJIH

paBHa

Aonycrltuofi

BeflHrrHHe

ee

{fl

no KoFrcrpyxropcxor?

4oxyvreHra[HH,

r. e.

ecrri.r f

>

tfl.

Ec.uu

rpe6onauue

K

repMeruqHocrn

3aAaHo

Aonycrrauofi

BeJruqunofi yrerrKn

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HIIH

HareKarrur

[Hl,

To KoHcrpyKuur

cqaraerca

ro4Hofi,

ecJru

y

<

[Yl,

H

<

IHl,

rAe

y,

H--

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OTBeTCTBeHHO yTerIKa

H

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repMeTHqHocTH.

!p"

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nat6uparor raKo

fr,

,

.Iro6H

MolrHo

6nr"uo

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yTeqKu

H

HareKaHHfl,

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ilHT4HHa

KOTOpbJX npHrvlepHo

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rropflAoK

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t391.

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npouecce

rerreucKaHVfl,

c

eu6pasHofi

uynlr-

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MeroAa

pefHcrpHpyror

Bce

o6uapyx(eHHbre

HenJlorHocrH.

VcrpaueHHe

o6uapyx{eHHbrx

HerrJroruocrefi,

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npaBI{flO,

KpOMe

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irpoH3BoAcrBeHHbrx

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cBfl3aHO

eule

H

c onpeAeJreHHbrMH

TexHOJrOrHrrecKHMH

TpyAHocrrMH,

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B

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repMerr{3upoBaHHbrx

KoH-

cTpyKukrfl,x.

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repMerurrgocrH

saAaror

BeJrHqHHofi

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eMofo

rroroKa

(z)

uepes

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B

cnyqae

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H

gJIeMeHTOB

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crpyKqufi

c HesaMKHyrbrM

o6ren,tou.

flpnr

KoHrpoJre

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rtult

c saMKHyrbrM

o6tewrou

3aAar{He

AorycrHMoro

noroKa

qe-

pe3

HerrJrorHocrb

no3Borqer

roAXoAHrb

AHsQepeHrrHpoBaHHo

x

o6HapyxeHHbrM

HerrJrorHocrflM,

pa3AeJrflfl

HX

Ha

AO[yCKae-

MbIe'

He

noAJIexaIIlHe

ycTpaHeHHIo,

H

HeAoIIycKaeMbIe,

ycTpa-

HeHHe

KoTopbrx

o6sgareJrbHo.

HOHTPOJIbH

bIE

TEL{H

KonrpoJrbHbre

TeqH

rpeAHa3HaqeHbr

AJrn

npoBepKn

rryBcr-

BI4TeJrbHocrH,

a

TanKe

rapHpoBKH

(rpaAyuponxa)

rerreHcKa-

relnHofi

annaparypbr

vt

cpeAcrB

KOHrpOJrfl

repMerHrrHocrH.

r-t^ --

L rPn

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retleli,

cxylKairlvrx

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O6ecne.rHBaeTcfl

noflyqeHHe

rroroKa

rofi

HHAHKa-

pa-

tuttrl3;

BCe

(44)

(45)

(46)

rAe

12

-

fepMerHrrHocrb

HsoilHponaHsofi

BaKyyMHOfi

KOHCr-

c

pyKuHH'

#Iu

;

H

:

EH

-

HareKaHHe,

paBHoe

cyMMapHoMy

noroKy

qepe3

Bce

eKBo3Hbre

HerJrorHocr',

ry.

vg

ypaBHeHHfl

(45)

onpeAeJrrror

AorrycKaeMylo

BeflHrrHHy

HATCKAHI{fl

tfll

<

fr:#,

V

n

Ans

Koucrpyxtluft, pa6orarorrlux

noA

AaBJreHHeru,

HHorAa

HcxoAflT

Hs

ycnoazfi

AonycruMoro

noBbrrueHHfl

KoHrreHrparIHH

BbrreKapuefi

pa6ouefi

cpeAbr

B

oKpyxarcueru

npocrpaHcrBe

(n

cflyqae,

KorAa

pa1ouan

cpeAa

roKcnrrHa,

noxapo-B3pbrBo-

onacHafl uJrv

afpeccHBHafl

IIO

OTHOrrreHHro

K

KoHCTpyKTTHOH-

I{T-IM MATPnHT-II2M ngnTTnlln'tlaArrrJLrf,.,f

p6n:got,

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"--'-f

t

f

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uvuLrL\)rl

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clILt.trt

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non).

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K repMerrqHocru

Moryr

saAaBarbcfl

c

rroMo-

IIIbIO B€JII4gHHbI feDMeTI,ltIHOeTI,f ltonVcTutrnf,r RAryrrurrErr-r \/,TA'rrzrr

-

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Jf

.--f'I\f'f

(narexaHna),

AonycraMoro

rroroxa

rrepe3

HerrJrornocrb.

28

I

29

TopHofi cpeAbl,

Koropafl

npHMeHfiercfl

npH KoHrpoJre

repMerHq-

Hocru

LrnH

TeI{eHcKaHuLr

Ha

AaHHoM

o6rexre.

B

KoHTpoJrb-

Hbrx Teqax,

cJlyx{aqvx

AIIr

npoBepKH

TIyBCTBHTeJTbHOCTH

vl

pa6orocnoco6socrr4,

MoryT

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uHp.HKaropHbre

cpeAbr,

oTJrHrrarcquecfl

no

cocTaBy H KOHTIeHTpaUHH

OT

HHAH-

KaropHblx

cpeA,

npuMeHfleMbrx

Ha KoHrpoJrupyeMbrx

o6tex-

Tax.

Taxue KoHTpoJIbHbIe requ

Ha3brBaroTcfl

HMHTaTopaMH.

KoHrpoJIbHbIe

requ no KoHcrpyKTaBHoMy

BbrnoJrHeHuro

AeJIflT

Ha

pefyJlupyeMble

(c

uerraeHfleMbrM

rroroKoM)

u

Hepery-

...

JrupyeMbre

(c

QuxcHpoBaHHbrM

noroxona).

K

xoHrpoJIbHbIM reqaM rpeAbflBJlsror

cneAyrorqne

rpe6ona-

Hr4f,:

nocToflHcTBo noToKa IIo

BpeMeHH, BoCnpOHSBeAeHHe

nO-

roKoB

IIocJIe repeHacrpolixu

(lns

peryJrupyeMbrx

reuefi)

H

o6ecneqeHne

Ha[epeA

gaAaHHbIX

BSJIHTIHH

B

pacqerHoy

Agana-

soHe,

npocroTa KoHcrpyKuHH H H3roroBJreHafl, y4o6crno

npn-

MeHeHI{fl

B

npOH3BOACTBeHHbTX

yCJIOBHflX,

nOpTaTHBHOCTb,

aBroHoMHocrb

no

HHp.HKaropHoli

cpeAe,

ygo6crao

HsMepeHHn

rroroKa HHAuKaropuofi

cpeAbr.

KoHrpoJIbHbIe

requ

cocronT Hg

npoHuuaeMoro

gJreMeHTa,

BcrpoeHHoro

B fepMerz3npoBaHHrrfi

Kopnyc,

coeArrHeHnoro

c

HcrotIHHKoM

HtrnKaropHoft

cpeAbr. Pery.rrnpyeMbre

KoHT-

poJrbHbre

requ

AoIIoJIHHTeJIbHo

HMercT

ycrpoficrBo

ynpaBJreHHr

eena.ruHoir

rroroKa. flpnHuHnuailbnar

cxeMa

KoHTponrHofi

Terru

noKa3aHa

Ha

puc.

1.

PerynupoBaHrle noroKa LrH4nKaropuoft

cpeAbr Mox(er

6urr

ocyqecrBJreHo

nyTeM r{3MeHeHHf nepenal'a

AaBJreHHfl,

Ha

rrpo-

HHrraeMoM

gJreMeHTe

npu

[ocroflHHofi

rrJrorqaAu

npoxoAHoro

ceqeHHf

HJrr4 nyTeM

H3MeHeHHf

uIoIqaAH

npoxoAHoro

ceqe-

HHf

rrpoHHrlaeMoro

gJIeMeHTa.

B KaqecrBe ucroqHuKoB

r4t4nlr^aropuofi

cpeAbr

Ailn

uopTa-

THBHbrx nepeHocHbix

KoHTpo/rbHbrx te,Iefi

HcrroJlb3yrorcfl

6an-

JIoHbr eMKocrbro npuMepHo 300-500

cn,Is

137i.

Enn

cralluoHap-

Hbrx

KoHTpoJIbHbrx

reqer?

eMKocrb 6a.[noHos 3HaqHTeJIbHo

6onrrue

(2000-3000

cMt).

Ha 1anJloHbr c

HHAHKaropHofi

cpe-

_^_o_

AOH

yCTaHaBJr-HBaIOT MaHOMeTpbr C

rrOBbrrXeHHbrM Kr-raCCOM TOq-

Hocrn

(0,4-0,5).

30

-

Puc. l. I-IpHHunnHaJrbHafr

cxeMa xoHrpo.nnuofi

TeqH:

r

-

Hepery.nnpyeuofi;

6-

perynnpyeuofi

c H3MeHeHHeM

no-

ToKa

nyreu eoa4eftcrBvfl

Ha

npoHnqaeMrrft

aneuenri

6

-

pery-

.nupyeuofi

c

H3MeHeH[eM

noToKa

sos4eficrsneM

Ha Hcror{HHK

##"#,ffi

?:ffi

":xnJ,;50:;.xx1x";1"""Tf;H;.',";";ffi

:

qusofi

noroKa.

NPOHHqAEMbIE

E/IEMEHTbI

HOHTPO/IbHbIX

TET{EFI

SxcnnyararrHoHHbre

xapaKTepHcrHKr{

r(oHTpoJrbHbrx

re-

qefi

Bo

MHoroM

npeAo[peAeJrflrorcfl

THnoM ycranoBJreHHoro

B

HeM npoHlluaeMoro

9/IeMeHTa.

flponnllaeMbre

oJreMeHTbI

6rreanr

AByX

THnOB:

C

H3MeHflerr,rofi

[JrorrlaAbro

npoxoAHoro

cerleHHfl

H

c

nocrosuuofi

nJrorr{aAbro

npoxoAuofo

cerleHnff.

flpouuuaeMble

g/IeMeHTbI

c

HsMeHfleuofi

nJrorqaAbro

rrpo-

xoAHOro

ceqeHr4fl Moryr

6tml c

IIoABHXffibrMH

AeraJrflMH

w

6eE

HHX.

floa

noABHx(HbrMH

AeTa/rflMH

npoHur{aeMbrx

aJreMeHToB no-

HHMaIOT

nepeMeil{arcrqHecfr

AeraJrH,

KOHTaKTHpyrOrqHe

C npo-

rexarcu1efi

HH4nKaropnofi

cpe4ofi.

ff---- z-

raccMorpHM

HaHooJree

pacnpocrpaHeHHbre

KoHcrpyKr\HH

npo-

HHUACMbIX

SJICMCHTOB.

IIpoH

HrIaeMbre

aJreMeHTbr

c

nocrofl

H-

rr ^ 'f'.

iiuii

iiJiuriiaAbru

rr-UOXOAHOFO

e

eqeHHfl.

K

raxun,t

areMeHTaM

oTHocsris:

I

3t

l.

fl,ua$parua

vz rnapuenofi

nJracrH_HKH,

rpnMeHfleMarr

B

HeperyJrnpyeMbrx

KoHrpoJrbHbrx

reqax

l37l

Ha noroKH

He

6o.nee

l0-4

trlt't3

'-MfIa

.

orge

pcrvn

B

KBapIreBbIx

IIJIacrHHKax

c

AHarvIeTPoM

3-4 MKM

[olyr{arcT

C

[OMorrlbro

Jra3epa.

2.

Kanu.nn

rplar,

rqeJreBar

MeraJrilHqecKa"

rpyoxa,

npnMe-

HfleMafl

B

KOHTpOJTbHbTX

Teqax

c

peryJrHpyeMbrM

rroroKoM

npr{

H3MeHeHHv nepeflaAa'

AaBrreHHfl

Ha KanvilIrfpe.

flpu HcnoJrb-

3OBaHHH TaKHX

9JTeMeHTOB

AorrycKaercfl

rrpr.rMeHeHHe

Bbrco-

KOrO

AaBJreHHf

UHAHKaTOpHOfi

CpeAbr.

Marepua.rrbr,

IIpr{MeHs-

Pnc. 2.

Ille"rrenori

ranu.nlrpHufi nponuqaeuurl

eneMenr:

4-o

coeAHHeHHeM

rroA r[ranr;

6

-

o

pean6oauu

uryr{epoM.

eMble

AJrfl

rp_y6ox,

-

aJrroMHHHeBbIe

cnJraBbr, MeAb,

Hepx(aBero-

ulafl

craJl

b

.

K

a u a n.ufl

p

H

ylo

uIeJIb non

yi

anr

rr

yreM

cn

Jrroul

vB

aHHfl

t\H'[rvrIl/lp HrrecKoro

KaH

a Jra

20,5-0,8

rr,Irrr.

!,nuua

c[Jrroulessofi

qacrr{

Ka:Ha[ra

5- l0 uu.

Taxue

npoHHr.(aeMbre

gJreMeHThr

HcrroJrb3yror

AJTfl

KoHTpoJrbHbIX

reqefi

c Mr{HHMaJIbHbIM

nO-

roKoM

l0-5

-

l0-o

t*lttl3

.MIIa

.

IlpouurraeMbre

gJreMeHTbr

Arrn

Terlefi c

MHHHMaJIbHbTM

noroKorr,t

1-10-3

t'tt'ts

ltllla

.

HBroroBJIeH-

c

Hbre Hs

rvrarepuaJroB

A16T,

AMf-2,

Xl8HlOT,

rroKasaHHbre

Ha

puc.

2,

aBTopbI HenbrrblF,ailH

B

TeqeHHe

OAHO|O

fOAa

Hi! CTa-

6u.uruocru

v Boclpou3BoAuMocrb

BeflHrIHHbr

noroKa

no Bog-

Ayxy.

OrxloueHufl

or

HaqaJlbuofi

BeJrur{HHbr

rroroKa

cocraB-

ilnrIH

+

1Yo

H

He

rIpeBbIIxaJIH

rlorperuHocrH

H3MepeHHr

noToKa.

Df.|

oz

3.

CrexnsHunrfi Kannrrilnp.

Taxofi KanuJrJrflp

AocraroqHo

npocr

B H3foroBJreHHH,

HO

rpe6yer

ocropox{Horo

o6pauleT4fl

H38a

strcoxofi

xpynKocrH.

floroxpl

qepe3

creKJrRHHbre Ka-

nKrrJrflpat

cra6uJlbHbl.

Taxue

npoHr4rlaeMbre

aJreMeHTbr

npuMe-

Hf ror B

HepenyJrHpyeMbrx

KoHTpoJrbHbrx

Teqax

c

noroKaMH

l0-5-

l0-?

lr'ttrl'

"

Mlla

. IrlgroroBJleH'e

creKJIfl

HHbrx Kan'r[rfl

poB

c

orucaHo

B

coorBercrByroqefi

rrHreparype

[311.

4.

flopHcrnrfi

rpoHurlaevurfi

aJreMeHr.

B KaqecrBe

nopuc-

TbIX MaTepHaJIoB

AJIfl

IIpOHHrIaeMbrX

SJrerueHToB

KOHTpOJTbHbTX

re.rerl rrpnMeHflror

cepnu?

qyfyH

MapKH

JIK

AJrfl

noryqettfl

HareKaHufi

uopaAKa

10-10-B

tvts

'

tuxlla

[20],

KepaMHKy,

creK-

c

JIf HHbre rropHcrbre

uracrHHbr,

noryqeHHbre

nyreM

crreKaHHfl.

Crex.nsHHbre

nopprcrbre nJracrnHbr (Qparrrr)

nrrnycKarorcfl npo-

MbrruJreHHocrbro.

c carr,tofi

pa3-

uoo6pasHofi

BeJrr{rrHHor:r

nop.

Ha

puc.

3 rroKa3aH npoHH-

qaeutrfi

aJreMeHT

AJrfl

uHpl4-

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ra3a

-

Qpeoua.

fl"uactuHKa

r.r3

ceporo

,ryry-

Ha BrraflHa

cepe6pnunrnr npu-

noeM

B

Topeq

JraryHHoro

Kop[yca,

ynJroTHeHa

CBHH-

uoeofi

npor(Jragxofi

c

no-

Morrlbro

rafixvt,

B xoropofi

npeAycMorpeHo

se6olnruoe

oTBepcTHe

Ailn

BbrxoAa LrH-

AUKaTOpHO|O

ra3a.

5.

AHSSysHoHHbre

npoHuqaeMbre

sJreMeHrbr.

B

raxux

rpo-

HHIIaeMbrx

SJreMeHTax

HcnoJrb3yroT

fa3onpoHHrlaeMocTb

TBep-

rrtrv Dn?rtnihh rJ^tt ry^ Errryrr n E^?yrid n^^ -ttrLt}rrrtr

AEr.^

Drr{ELlD.

r Lpn rLa.tLyLlytyL

rrtptrraAa

Aab,tryrLnn

raJ

Anw\HJn-

AHpyer

B coorBercrBHrr

c 3aKoHor',I

AusQysuu

ouxa.

B

KaqecrBe

npoHHuaeMbrx

gJreMeHToB

HcrroJrb3y[or

Mora/I-

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lIy\,rIJ\-rAllrl.Il.(lt

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1'I(II\\-IrIvrqururIvIt

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cnoco6Hocrbr.o

qepe3

MeraJrJrbr

(oco6eHuo

qe-

6

o

Puc. 3.

pucrofi

/

-

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3

-

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I-Ipouuqaenaufi

gJIeMeHT

c

IIo-

MeraJIJIHqecxofi

nJIacTHH-

xoft

[20]:

2

-

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3апунный А.И., Фельдман Л.С., Рогаль В.Ф. Контроль герметичности конструкций

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