Paperback: 704 pages.
Publisher: Wiley; 1 edition (February 10, 2003).
Language: English.
ISBN-10: 0470844612.
ISBN-13: 978-0470844618.
Product Dimensions: 9.5 x 6.5 x 1.5 inches.
Shipping Weight: 2.6 pounds.
Wiley Series in.
The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law.
Contents.
About the Author.
Series Preface.
Preface.
Acknowledgements.
Introduction.
PART I INTERROGATIONS AND CONFESSIONS.
1. Interrogation Tactics and Techniques.
Police Training Manuals.
The Reid Technique.
The Format and Recording of the Confession.
The Context of the Interrogation.
American Research on Interrogation.
How Things Can Go Wrong During Interrogation.
Conclusions.
2. Interrogation in Britain.
Irving’s Studies.
Softley’s Study.
Walsh’s Study.
Research at the University of Kent.
Baldwin’s Study.
British Training Manuals.
Conclusions.
3. Persons at Risk During Interviews in Police Custody: the Royal.
Commission Studies.
The 1993 Royal Commission Study by Gudjonsson and Colleagues.
Who Confesses? .
Detainees’ Legal Rights.
General Conclusions.
4. The Identification and Measurement of ‘Oppressive’ Police.
Interviewing Tactics in Britain. .
John Pearse and Gisli H. Gudjonsson.
Background to the Research.
The Cases Analysed.
Methodology.
Interview Tactics.
Suspects’ Responses.
Methodological Issues.
Statistical Procedures.
Application of the Framework to Individual Cases.
The Heron Murder Case.
The Miller Murder Case.
Court Outcome.
Conclusions.
5. Why do Suspects Confess? Theories.
Factors Inhibiting Confession.
Theoretical Models of Confession.
Conclusions.
6. Why do Suspects Confess? Empirical Findings.
How Important are Confessions? .
How Commonly do Suspects Confess? .
Factors Associated with Admissions and Denials.
Self-Report Studies into Why Suspects Confess.
Conclusions.
7. Miscarriages of Justice and False Confessions.
Miscarriages of Justice.
Studies of Miscarriages of Justice.
The Leo–Ofshe Study.
Some Notorious British Cases.
Conclusions.
8. The Psychology of False Confession: Research and Theoretical.
Issues.
Definitions of False Confession.
The Frequency of False Confessions.
False, Retracted and Disputed Confessions.
The Innocent Pleading Guilty.
The Broader Context of False Confessions.
The Causes of False Confessions.
Theoretical Implications of the Different Types of False.
Confession.
The Ofshe–Leo Model of Confessions.
Differences between True and False Confessions.
A Proposed Modified Framework.
Recovered Memory and False Confession.
Conclusions.
9. The Psychology of False Confession: Case Examples.
Voluntary False Confessions.
Pressured–Compliant False Confessions.
Pressured–Intealized False Confessions.
Conclusions.
PART II LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS.
10. The English Law on Confessions.
The Admissibility and Reliability of Confession Evidence.
The Voire Dire.
Issues Affecting Vulnerable Defendants.
The Admissibility of Expert Evidence.
Conclusions.
11. The American Law on Confessions.
Gisli H. Gudjonsson and Lorca Morello.
The Basic Law of Confessions.
Voluntariness and Mentally Vulnerable Suspects.
Challenging a Confession in Court.
Differences between English and American Law and Practice.
Conclusions.
12. The Psychological Assessment.
The Assessment Framework.
Psychological Vulnerabilities.
Leaing Disability as a Vulnerability.
The Court Report and Oral Evidence.
Conclusions.
13. Suggestibility: Historical and Theoretical Aspects.
Theoretical Approaches.
Some Characteristics of Suggestion and Suggestibility.
Brief Historical Background to Suggestibility.
The Classification of Suggestibility.
Theories of Suggestibility.
Reinforcement and Suggestibility.
Suggestibility: a State or a Trait? .
Definition of Interrogative Suggestibility.
The Gudjonsson–Clark Theoretical Model.
Implications of the Model and Hypotheses.
Exteal Evaluation of the Model.
Conclusions.
14. Interrogative Suggestibility: Empirical Findings.
The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales.
Suggestibility and Hypnotic Susceptibility.
Compliance.
Acquiescence.
Correlations between Suggestibility, Compliance and Acquiescence.
Suggestibility and Gender.
Suggestibility and Ethnic Background.
Suggestibility and Age.
Suggestibility and Intelligence.
Suggestibility and Memory.
Suggestibility and Anxiety.
Suggestibility and Impulsivity.
Suggestibility and the MMPI-2.
Suggestibility and Sleep Deprivation.
Suggestibility: Dissociation and Fantasy Proneness.
Suggestibility and Instructional Manipulation.
Suggestibility and the Experimenter Effect.
Suggestibility and Social Desirability.
Suggestibility and Coping Strategies.
Suggestibility and Assertiveness.
Suggestibility and Self-Esteem.
Suggestibility and Locus of Control.
Suggestibility and Field Dependence.
Suspiciousness and Anger.
Suggestibility and Test Setting.
Suggestibility and Previous Convictions.
Police Interviewing and Suggestibility.
Resisters and Alleged False Confessors.
Suggestibility and False Confessions.
Suggestibility and Eyewitness Testimony.
Suggestibility and Recovered Memory.
Conclusions.
15. The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol Upon the Reliability of Testimony.
The Extent of the Problem.
Theoretical Perspectives.
The Effects of Intoxication and Withdrawal.
The Effects of Alcohol Withdrawal on Interrogative Suggestibility.
False Confessions to Murder by a Heroin Addict.
Conclusions.
PART III BRITISH COURT OF APPEAL CASES.
16. The Court of Appeal.
The Beginning of Expert Psychological Testimony.
Conclusions.
17. The ‘Guildford Four’ and the ‘Birmingham Six’. .
Gisli H. Gudjonsson and J. A. C. MacKeith.
The Guildford Four.
The Birmingham Six.
Conclusions.
18. Psychological Vulnerability 458.
Engin Raghip—The Beginning: Landmark Decision for.
Psychology.
Jacqueline Fletcher—Unidentified Borderline.
Intelligence.
Judith Ward—Personality Disorder.
David MacKenzie—Inability to Distinguish Facts from.
Fantasy.
Idris Ali—Pathological Lying.
George Long—Clinical Depression.
Patrick Kane—Anxiety and Compliance.
Andrew Evans—Misdiagnosed Psychogenic Amnesia.
John Roberts—Abnormal Compliance.
Ashley King—Abnormal Suggestibility and Compliance.
Darren Hall—Disorder in the Absence of a Psychiatric.
Diagnosis.
Ian Hay Gordon—Exploitation of Sexuality.
Peter Fell—Poor Self-Esteem.
Conclusions.
19. Police Impropriety.
Stephen Miller.
Alfred Allen (the ‘UDR Four’).
The Carl Bridgewater Case.
Derek Bentley.
Conclusions.
20. Misleading Special Knowledge.
Stefan Kiszko.
The Darvell Brothers.
Donald Pendleton.
Conclusions.
PART IV FOREIGN CASES OF DISPUTED CONFESSIONS.
21. Four High Profile American Cases.
Waneta Hoyt.
Joe Giarratano.
Henry Lee Lucas.
John Wille.
General Conclusions.
22. Canadian and Israeli Cases.
A Canadian Case of Non-Custodial Interrogation.
An Israeli Terrorist Case.
General Conclusions.
23. Murder in Norway: a False Belief Leading to a False Confession.
Background to the Case.
Pre-Trial (1997) Psychological Evaluation.
The First Trial.
The Psychological Evaluation Prior to the Appeal.
Interviews with Informants.
Mr A’s Strengths and Vulnerabilities.
The Interrogation and Confinement.
Repression and Psychogenic Amnesia.
The Appeal.
Conclusions.
Conclusions.
General Comments and Conclusions.
Interrogation.
Psychological Vulnerability.
True Confessions.
Retracted and False Confessions.
Appendix.
References.
Author Index.
Subject Index.
Publisher: Wiley; 1 edition (February 10, 2003).
Language: English.
ISBN-10: 0470844612.
ISBN-13: 978-0470844618.
Product Dimensions: 9.5 x 6.5 x 1.5 inches.
Shipping Weight: 2.6 pounds.
Wiley Series in.
The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law.
Contents.
About the Author.
Series Preface.
Preface.
Acknowledgements.
Introduction.
PART I INTERROGATIONS AND CONFESSIONS.
1. Interrogation Tactics and Techniques.
Police Training Manuals.
The Reid Technique.
The Format and Recording of the Confession.
The Context of the Interrogation.
American Research on Interrogation.
How Things Can Go Wrong During Interrogation.
Conclusions.
2. Interrogation in Britain.
Irving’s Studies.
Softley’s Study.
Walsh’s Study.
Research at the University of Kent.
Baldwin’s Study.
British Training Manuals.
Conclusions.
3. Persons at Risk During Interviews in Police Custody: the Royal.
Commission Studies.
The 1993 Royal Commission Study by Gudjonsson and Colleagues.
Who Confesses? .
Detainees’ Legal Rights.
General Conclusions.
4. The Identification and Measurement of ‘Oppressive’ Police.
Interviewing Tactics in Britain. .
John Pearse and Gisli H. Gudjonsson.
Background to the Research.
The Cases Analysed.
Methodology.
Interview Tactics.
Suspects’ Responses.
Methodological Issues.
Statistical Procedures.
Application of the Framework to Individual Cases.
The Heron Murder Case.
The Miller Murder Case.
Court Outcome.
Conclusions.
5. Why do Suspects Confess? Theories.
Factors Inhibiting Confession.
Theoretical Models of Confession.
Conclusions.
6. Why do Suspects Confess? Empirical Findings.
How Important are Confessions? .
How Commonly do Suspects Confess? .
Factors Associated with Admissions and Denials.
Self-Report Studies into Why Suspects Confess.
Conclusions.
7. Miscarriages of Justice and False Confessions.
Miscarriages of Justice.
Studies of Miscarriages of Justice.
The Leo–Ofshe Study.
Some Notorious British Cases.
Conclusions.
8. The Psychology of False Confession: Research and Theoretical.
Issues.
Definitions of False Confession.
The Frequency of False Confessions.
False, Retracted and Disputed Confessions.
The Innocent Pleading Guilty.
The Broader Context of False Confessions.
The Causes of False Confessions.
Theoretical Implications of the Different Types of False.
Confession.
The Ofshe–Leo Model of Confessions.
Differences between True and False Confessions.
A Proposed Modified Framework.
Recovered Memory and False Confession.
Conclusions.
9. The Psychology of False Confession: Case Examples.
Voluntary False Confessions.
Pressured–Compliant False Confessions.
Pressured–Intealized False Confessions.
Conclusions.
PART II LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS.
10. The English Law on Confessions.
The Admissibility and Reliability of Confession Evidence.
The Voire Dire.
Issues Affecting Vulnerable Defendants.
The Admissibility of Expert Evidence.
Conclusions.
11. The American Law on Confessions.
Gisli H. Gudjonsson and Lorca Morello.
The Basic Law of Confessions.
Voluntariness and Mentally Vulnerable Suspects.
Challenging a Confession in Court.
Differences between English and American Law and Practice.
Conclusions.
12. The Psychological Assessment.
The Assessment Framework.
Psychological Vulnerabilities.
Leaing Disability as a Vulnerability.
The Court Report and Oral Evidence.
Conclusions.
13. Suggestibility: Historical and Theoretical Aspects.
Theoretical Approaches.
Some Characteristics of Suggestion and Suggestibility.
Brief Historical Background to Suggestibility.
The Classification of Suggestibility.
Theories of Suggestibility.
Reinforcement and Suggestibility.
Suggestibility: a State or a Trait? .
Definition of Interrogative Suggestibility.
The Gudjonsson–Clark Theoretical Model.
Implications of the Model and Hypotheses.
Exteal Evaluation of the Model.
Conclusions.
14. Interrogative Suggestibility: Empirical Findings.
The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales.
Suggestibility and Hypnotic Susceptibility.
Compliance.
Acquiescence.
Correlations between Suggestibility, Compliance and Acquiescence.
Suggestibility and Gender.
Suggestibility and Ethnic Background.
Suggestibility and Age.
Suggestibility and Intelligence.
Suggestibility and Memory.
Suggestibility and Anxiety.
Suggestibility and Impulsivity.
Suggestibility and the MMPI-2.
Suggestibility and Sleep Deprivation.
Suggestibility: Dissociation and Fantasy Proneness.
Suggestibility and Instructional Manipulation.
Suggestibility and the Experimenter Effect.
Suggestibility and Social Desirability.
Suggestibility and Coping Strategies.
Suggestibility and Assertiveness.
Suggestibility and Self-Esteem.
Suggestibility and Locus of Control.
Suggestibility and Field Dependence.
Suspiciousness and Anger.
Suggestibility and Test Setting.
Suggestibility and Previous Convictions.
Police Interviewing and Suggestibility.
Resisters and Alleged False Confessors.
Suggestibility and False Confessions.
Suggestibility and Eyewitness Testimony.
Suggestibility and Recovered Memory.
Conclusions.
15. The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol Upon the Reliability of Testimony.
The Extent of the Problem.
Theoretical Perspectives.
The Effects of Intoxication and Withdrawal.
The Effects of Alcohol Withdrawal on Interrogative Suggestibility.
False Confessions to Murder by a Heroin Addict.
Conclusions.
PART III BRITISH COURT OF APPEAL CASES.
16. The Court of Appeal.
The Beginning of Expert Psychological Testimony.
Conclusions.
17. The ‘Guildford Four’ and the ‘Birmingham Six’. .
Gisli H. Gudjonsson and J. A. C. MacKeith.
The Guildford Four.
The Birmingham Six.
Conclusions.
18. Psychological Vulnerability 458.
Engin Raghip—The Beginning: Landmark Decision for.
Psychology.
Jacqueline Fletcher—Unidentified Borderline.
Intelligence.
Judith Ward—Personality Disorder.
David MacKenzie—Inability to Distinguish Facts from.
Fantasy.
Idris Ali—Pathological Lying.
George Long—Clinical Depression.
Patrick Kane—Anxiety and Compliance.
Andrew Evans—Misdiagnosed Psychogenic Amnesia.
John Roberts—Abnormal Compliance.
Ashley King—Abnormal Suggestibility and Compliance.
Darren Hall—Disorder in the Absence of a Psychiatric.
Diagnosis.
Ian Hay Gordon—Exploitation of Sexuality.
Peter Fell—Poor Self-Esteem.
Conclusions.
19. Police Impropriety.
Stephen Miller.
Alfred Allen (the ‘UDR Four’).
The Carl Bridgewater Case.
Derek Bentley.
Conclusions.
20. Misleading Special Knowledge.
Stefan Kiszko.
The Darvell Brothers.
Donald Pendleton.
Conclusions.
PART IV FOREIGN CASES OF DISPUTED CONFESSIONS.
21. Four High Profile American Cases.
Waneta Hoyt.
Joe Giarratano.
Henry Lee Lucas.
John Wille.
General Conclusions.
22. Canadian and Israeli Cases.
A Canadian Case of Non-Custodial Interrogation.
An Israeli Terrorist Case.
General Conclusions.
23. Murder in Norway: a False Belief Leading to a False Confession.
Background to the Case.
Pre-Trial (1997) Psychological Evaluation.
The First Trial.
The Psychological Evaluation Prior to the Appeal.
Interviews with Informants.
Mr A’s Strengths and Vulnerabilities.
The Interrogation and Confinement.
Repression and Psychogenic Amnesia.
The Appeal.
Conclusions.
Conclusions.
General Comments and Conclusions.
Interrogation.
Psychological Vulnerability.
True Confessions.
Retracted and False Confessions.
Appendix.
References.
Author Index.
Subject Index.